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Adnan M, Zafar M, Anwar Z. Screening of Chitinolytic Microfungi and Optimization of Parameters for Hyperproduction of Chitinase Through Solid-State Fermentation Technique. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1840-1862. [PMID: 37440112 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study is intended for the production of chitinase enzyme from locally isolated fungal strains. Out of 10 isolated fungal strains from district Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan, Aspergillus terreus SB3 (accession number ON738571) was found with maximum chitinolytic potential (80.8 U/mL/min). By applying central composite design (CCD) through response surface methodology (RSM) under solid-state fermentation (SSF), eight nutritional and physical parameters were optimized. Among these, temperature, substrate concentration, and pH were found as significant factors toward chitinase production in the first phase. Moisture and nitrogen source were found as significant factors during second phase of chitinase production. The effect of incubation period, inoculum size, and magnesium source was observed as non-significant. The chitinase activity was successfully enhanced more than 2 folds up to 198.5 U/mL/min at optimized conditions of 35 °C temperature, 4.5 pH, 20 g substrate concentration, 4-day incubation period, 55% moisture content, 4.5 mL inoculum size, 0.25 g ammonium sulfate, and 0.30 g magnesium sulfate using RSM design. It was also found that Ganoderma lucidum (bracket fungus) has more potential to be used for the production of chitinase compared to fish scales. The present study exhibited Aspergillus terreus SB3 (ON738571) as a potential indigenous strain capable for hyperproduction of chitinase through cheap fermentation technology that might be employed for the eradication of chitin-based sea waste to remove the marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muddassar Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Zahid Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
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Gonfa TG, Negessa AK, Bulto AO. Isolation, screening, and identification of chitinase-producing bacterial strains from riverbank soils at Ambo, Western Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21643. [PMID: 38027800 PMCID: PMC10665737 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that dissolve the glycosidic linkages in chitin. Chitin is a cell wall component of fungi and fund in exoskeleten of worms and arthropods. Chitinase has been applied in agriculture, as a biopesticide for the control of plant fungal infections, in medicine, and in waste management. This research aimed to isolate, screen, and identification of chitinase-producing bacteria from riverbank soils. Twenty nine chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from the river bank soil samples, from which 9 of them had strong chitinolytic properties. Chitinase production was determined by zones of hydrolysis produced after 96 h of incubation at 37 °C. The different bacterial isolates were characterized morphologically, microscopically, and biochemically and finally eight strain were identified at species level by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). From the eight, bacterial isolates investigated in this study Stenotrophomonas maltophilia showed the highest chitinase enzyme activity (625 μg/mL) followed by Pseudomonas putida with the enzyme activity of (553 μg/mL) and the least enzyme activity was recorded for Lilliottia amnigena (80 μg/mL). An incubation temperature of 45 °C, neutral pH and an incubation period of 96 h are found to be the optimum condition for the chitinase enzyme production from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The results of this study indicated the possibility of the production of chitinase from the chitinolytic bacterial isolates, which was highly useful for a variety of applications, including biocontrol of harmful insects and pathogenic fungi as well as in the biochemical, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Gudeta Gonfa
- Kotebe University of Education, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asefa Keneni Negessa
- Kotebe University of Education, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ambo Ubiversity, College of Natural and Computational Sceicnes, Department of Biology, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia
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Akram F, Jabbar Z, Aqeel A, Haq IU, Tariq S, Malik K. A Contemporary Appraisal on Impending Industrial and Agricultural Applications of Thermophilic-Recombinant Chitinolytic Enzymes from Microbial Sources. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1055-1075. [PMID: 35397055 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of chitinases to degrade the second most abundant polymer, chitin, into potentially useful chitooligomers and chitin derivatives has not only rendered them fit for chitinous waste management but has also made them important from industrial point of view. At the same time, they have also been recognized to have an imperative role as promising biocontrol agents for controlling plant diseases. As thermostability is an important property for an industrially important enzyme, various bacterial and fungal sources are being exploited to obtain such stable enzymes. These stable enzymes can also play a role in agriculture by maintaining their stability under adverse environmental conditions for longer time duration when used as biocontrol agent. Biotechnology has also played its role in the development of recombinant chitinases with enhanced activity, thermostability, fungicidal and insecticidal activity via recombinant DNA techniques. Furthermore, a relatively new approach of generating pathogen-resistant transgenic plants has opened new ways for sustainable agriculture by minimizing the yield loss of valuable crops and plants. This review focuses on the potential applications of thermostable and recombinant microbial chitinases in industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Tariq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Centre for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Teslić N, Santos F, Oliveira F, Stupar A, Pojić M, Mandić A, Pavlić B, Kljakić AC, Duarte ARC, Paiva A, Mišan A. Simultaneous Hydrolysis of Ellagitannins and Extraction of Ellagic Acid from Defatted Raspberry Seeds Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020254. [PMID: 35204137 PMCID: PMC8868079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Defatted raspberry seeds were used as an alternative source of antioxidants and ellagic acid (EA) extracted using Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). In the preliminary study, the best NADES combination (citric acid-betaine) and the most influential variables (temperature, time, and NADES/plant ratio) were selected for the further optimization process. All samples were analyzed in terms of total polyphenol, EA content, and antioxidant activity. Two sets of optimal conditions were generated by response surface methodology. The first set (Opt1) was designed for higher conversion of ellagitannins to EA while the latter set (Opt2) for higher EA content/100 g extract. Opt1 and Opt2 had higher values for all investigated responses compared to 80% ethanolic extract but had a lower conversion rate of ellagitannins to EA compared to acidified methanol extract. The third set of parameters (Opt3) selected beyond the initial experimental domain was used to obtain a sample with the highest EA content/100 g extract. Due to their nature, NADES extracts are ready to use and could have various technological roles in products since they are antioxidants, acidifiers, and colorants. NADES raspberry extracts exhibited higher anti-proliferative activity compared to ethanolic extracts in terms of EC50 values. However, the main contributor of anti-cancer activity in NADES raspberry extracts were individual NADES compounds and/or their newly formed NADES structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Teslić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Filipa Santos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.S.); (F.O.); (A.R.C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Filipe Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.S.); (F.O.); (A.R.C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Alena Stupar
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Milica Pojić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Anamarija Mandić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Branimir Pavlić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.P.); (A.C.K.)
| | | | - Ana Rita C. Duarte
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.S.); (F.O.); (A.R.C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Nova School of Science and Technology, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (F.S.); (F.O.); (A.R.C.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Mišan
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Blvd. cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.S.); (M.P.); (A.M.); (A.M.)
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Cold-adapted chitinases from Antarctic bacteria: Taxonomic assessment and enzyme production optimization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Akram F, Akram R, Ikram Ul Haq, Nawaz A, Jabbar Z, Ahmed Z. Biotechnological Eminence of Chitinases: A Focus on Thermophilic Enzyme Sources, Production Strategies and Prominent Applications. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1009-1022. [PMID: 33602064 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666210218215359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is a constantly valuable and renewable raw material after cellulose. Due to advancement in technology, industrial interest has grown to take advantage of the chitin. OBJECTIVE Now, biomass is being treated with diverse microbial enzymes or cells for the production of desired products under best industrial conditions. Glycosidic bonds in chitin structure are degraded by chitinase enzymes, which are characterized into number of glycoside hydrolase (GHs) families. METHODS Thermophilic microorganisms are remarkable sources of industrially important thermostable enzymes, having ability to survive harsh industrial processing conditions. Thermostable chitinases have an edge over mesophilic chitinases as they can hydrolyse the substrate at relatively high temperatures and exhibit decreased viscosity, significantly reduced contamination risk, thermal and chemical stability and increased solubility. Various methods are employed to purify the enzyme and increase its yield by optimizing various parameters such as temperature, pH, agitation, and by investigating the effect of different chemicals and metal ions etc. Results: Thermostable chitinase enzymes show high specific activity at elevated temperature which distinguish them from mesophiles. Genetic engineering can be used for further improvement of natural chitinases, and unlimited potential for the production of thermophilic chitinases has been highlighted due to advancement in synthetic biological techniques. Thermostable chitinases are then used in different fields such as bioremediation, medicine, agriculture and pharmaceuticals. CONCLUSION This review will provide information about chitinases, biotechnological potential of thermostable enzyme and the methods by which they are being produced and optimized for several industrial applications. Some of the applications of thermostable chitinases have also been briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Zuriat Jabbar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, . Pakistan
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El-Sayed SE, El-Housseiny GS, Abdelaziz NA, El-Ansary MR, Aboshanab KM. Optimized Production of the Allylamine Antifungal "Terbinafine" by Lysinibacillus Isolate MK212927 Using Response Surface Methodology. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3613-3626. [PMID: 33116681 PMCID: PMC7571585 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s267590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to optimize the factors affecting the production of the allylamine antifungal, terbinafine, by Lysinibacillus isolate MK212927, a natural producer of this broad-spectrum fungicidal compound. Methods We employed a central composite design to optimize the five most important variables influencing the production of terbinafine which were carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, pH and agitation. Results The optimum conditions were found to be starch 5 g/L, ammonium chloride 5 g/L, temperature 32°C, agitation 150 rpm and pH 7. The actual response (inhibition zone diameter) was highly comparable to the value predicted by the model, indicating a valid model. Using the standard calibration curve of terbinafine, the optimized conditions resulted in an increase in the antifungal metabolite production (terbinafine) by about 1.6-fold (1814.662 µg/mL compared to 1165.550 µg/mL under standardized conditions). Conclusion This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on optimized production of terbinafine by Lysinibacillus species. Hence, these findings may be useful as baseline data for scaling up the production of terbinafine from a natural microbial source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed E El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Chitinase production by Trichoderma koningiopsis UFSMQ40 using solid state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1897-1908. [PMID: 32737868 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chitinases have extensive biotechnological potential but have been little exploited commercially due to the low number of good chitinolytic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to identify a chitinolytic fungal and optimize its production using solid state fermentation (SSF) and agroindustry substrate, to evaluate different chitin sources for chitinase production, to evaluate different solvents for the extraction of enzymes produced during fermentation process, and to determine the nematicide effect of enzymatic extract and biological control of Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes. The fungus was previously isolated from bedbugs of Tibraca limbativentris Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and selected among 51 isolated fungal as the largest producer of chitinolytic enzymes in SSF. The isolate UFSMQ40 has been identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis by the amplification of tef1 gene fragments. The greatest chitinase production (10.76 U gds-1) occurred with wheat bran substrate at 55% moisture, 15% colloidal chitin, 100% of corn steep liquor, and two discs of inoculum at 30 °C for 72 h. Considering the enzymatic inducers, the best chitinase production by the isolated fungus was achieved using chitin in colloidal, powder, and flakes. The usage of 1:15 g/mL of sodium citrate-phosphate buffer was the best ratio for chitinase extraction of SSF. The Trichoderma koningiopsis UFSMQ40 showed high mortality of M. javanica and M. incognita when applied to treatments with enzymatic filtrated and the suspension of conidia.
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El-Naggar NEA, El-Shweihy NM. Bioprocess development for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei, purification and in-vitro efficacy against various human carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7942. [PMID: 32409719 PMCID: PMC7224186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the near future, the demand for L-asparaginase is expected to rise several times due to an increase in its clinical and industrial applications in various industrial sectors, such as food processing. Streptomyces sp. strain NEAE-K is potent L-asparaginase producer, isolated and identified as new subsp. Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K and the sequence data has been deposited under accession number KJ200343 at the GenBank database. Sixteen different independent factors were examined for their effects on L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces rochei subsp. chromatogenes NEAE-K under solid state fermentation conditions using Plackett-Burman design. pH, dextrose and yeast extract were the most significant factors affecting L-asparaginase production. Thus, using central composite design, the optimum levels of these variables were determined. L-asparaginase purification was carried out by ammonium sulfate followed by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange column with a final purification fold of 16.18. The monomeric molecular weight of the purified L-asparaginase was 64 kD as determined by SDS-PAGE method. The in vitro effects of L-asparaginase were evaluated on five human tumor cell lines and found to have a strong anti-proliferative effects. The results showed that the strongest cytotoxic effect of L-asparaginase was exerted on the HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.2 and 2.54 ± 0.3 U/mL; respectively). In addition, the selectivity index of L-asparaginase against HeLa and HepG-2 cell lines was 3.94 and 3.35; respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nancy M El-Shweihy
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
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Golbabaie A, Nouri H, Moghimi H, Khaleghian A. l-asparaginase production and enhancement by Sarocladium strictum: In vitro evaluation of anti-cancerous properties. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:356-366. [PMID: 32119169 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Utilization of l-asparaginase has been one of the effective strategies for the treatment of lymphoblastic leukaemia. Since the currently used bacterial l-asparaginase causes side effects, searching for new enzyme sources has been an active field of research. This study focuses on the characterization of an l-asparaginase-producing fungal strain. METHODS AND RESULTS Sarocladium strictum was identified as a potent enzyme-producing strain. For the enhancement of enzyme production, we used two-level factorial design and response surface methodology. The optimization of significant factors showed a 1·84-fold increase in enzyme production. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme were 9·74 mmol l-1 and 8·19 μmol min-1 . The toxicity of the produced l-asparaginase was measured on K562 and HL60 cancer cell lines and L6 as normal cells. The IC50 values were calculated as 0·4 and 0·5 IU ml-1 for K562 and HL60 respectively and no significant effect was observed in L6. BrdU proliferation and caspase-3 activity assay in l-asparaginase treated HL60 and K562 cells indicated that cell proliferation rates and apoptotic cell death were reduced. CONCLUSIONS The cytotoxic properties of the produced fungal enzyme indicated significant growth inhibition in cancer cells while having a little toxic effect on normal cells. The possibility of mass production alongside having suitable cytotoxic and kinetic properties suggest the probable use of the produced l-asparaginase for further researches as a potential chemotherapeutic agent. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The lack of significant l-glutaminase activity and promising toxicity properties in S. strictum and the closer evolutionary relativeness of fungi enzymes to human enzymes compared to bacterial enzymes suggest a new source with lower toxicity and anti-cancerous properties, causing less side effect problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Golbabaie
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Nouri
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Moghimi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Affes S, Aranaz I, Hamdi M, Acosta N, Ghorbel-Bellaaj O, Heras Á, Nasri M, Maalej H. Preparation of a crude chitosanase from blue crab viscera as well as its application in the production of biologically active chito-oligosaccharides from shrimp shells chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:558-569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yang HY, Liu J, Wang YX, He CS, Zhang LS, Mu Y, Li WH. Bioelectrochemical decolorization of a reactive diazo dye: Kinetics, optimization with a response surface methodology, and proposed degradation pathway. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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El-Naggar NEA, Hamouda RA, Rabei NH, Mousa IE, Abdel-Hamid MS. Phycoremediation of lithium ions from aqueous solutions using free and immobilized freshwater green alga Oocystis solitaria: mathematical modeling for bioprocess optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19335-19351. [PMID: 31073833 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium is registered as a serious pollutant that causes environmental damage to an irrigation water supply. Freshwater green alga (Oocystis solitaria) was studied for its potential to remove lithium ions from aqueous solutions. The Plackett-Burman design was applied for initial screening of six factors for their significances for the removal of lithium from aqueous solutions using Oocystis solitaria cells. Among the variables screened, pH, lithium concentration, and temperature were the most significant factors affecting lithium removal. Hence, the levels of these significant variables were further investigated for their interaction effects on lithium removal using the Box-Behnken statistical design. The optimum conditions for maximum lithium removal from aqueous solutions by Oocystis solitaria were the initial lithium concentration of 200 mg/L, contact time of 60 min, temperature of 30 °C, pH 5, and biomass of Oocystis solitaria cells of 1 g/L with agitation condition. Under the optimized conditions, the percentage of maximum lithium removal was 99.95% which is larger than the percentage of lithium removal recorded before applying the Plackett-Burman design (40.07%) by 2.49 times. The different properties of Oocystis solitaria, as an adsorbent, were explored with SEM and via FTIR analysis. The spectrum of FTIR analysis for samples of Oocystis solitaria cells before lithium biosorption showed different absorption peaks at 3394 cm-1, 2068 cm-1, 1638 cm-1, 1398 cm-1, 1071 cm-1, and 649 cm-1 which has been shifted to 3446 cm-1, 2924 cm-1, 1638 cm-1, 1384 cm-1, 1032 cm-1, and 613 cm-1, respectively, after lithium biosorption by the alga. The treatment of aqueous solution containing lithium with Oocystis solitaria cells immobilized in alginate beads removed 98.71% of lithium at an initial concentration of 200 mg/L after 5 h. Therefore, Oocystis solitaria may be considered as an alternative for sorption and removal of lithium ions from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Ragaa A Hamouda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts - Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menoufyia Governorate, 22857, Egypt
| | - Nashwa H Rabei
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menoufyia Governorate, 22857, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim E Mousa
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menoufyia Governorate, 22857, Egypt
| | - Marwa Salah Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menoufyia Governorate, 22857, Egypt
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Peng H, Tan J, Bilal M, Wang W, Hu H, Zhang X. Enhanced biosynthesis of phenazine-1-carboxamide by Pseudomonas chlororaphis strains using statistical experimental designs. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:129. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kumar M, Brar A, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Production of chitinase from thermophilic Humicola grisea and its application in production of bioactive chitooligosaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1641-1647. [PMID: 28487199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel thermophilic chitinase producing strain Humicola grisea ITCC 10,360.16 was isolated from soil of semi-arid desert region of Rajasthan. Maximum enzyme production (116±3.45Ul-1) was achieved in submerged fermentation. Nutritional requirement for maximum production of chitinase under submerged condition was optimized using response surface methodology. Among the eight nutritional elements studied, chitin, colloidal chitin, KCl and yeast-extract were identified as the most critical variables for chitinase production by Plackett-Burman design first. Further optimization of these variables was done by four-factor central composite design. The model came out to be significant and statistical analysis of results showed that an appropriate ratio of chitin and colloidal chitin had resulted into enhancement in enzyme production levels. Optimum concentration of the variables for enhanced chitinase production were 7.49, 4.91, 0.19 and 5.50 (gl-1) for chitin, colloidal chitin, KCl and yeast extract, respectively. 1.43 fold enhancement in chitinase titres was attained in shake flasks, when the variables were used at their optimum levels. Thin layer chromatography revealed that enzyme can effectively hydrolyze colloidal chitin to produce chitooligosaccharides. Chitinase production from H. grisea and optimization of economic production medium heighten the employment of enzyme for large scale production of bioactive chitooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amandeep Brar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India.
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Latha S, Sivaranjani G, Dhanasekaran D. Response surface methodology: A non-conventional statistical tool to maximize the throughput of Streptomyces species biomass and their bioactive metabolites. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:567-582. [PMID: 28129718 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1271308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among diverse actinobacteria, Streptomyces is a renowned ongoing source for the production of a large number of secondary metabolites, furnishing immeasurable pharmacological and biological activities. Hence, to meet the demand of new lead compounds for human and animal use, research is constantly targeting the bioprospecting of Streptomyces. Optimization of media components and physicochemical parameters is a plausible approach for the exploration of intensified production of novel as well as existing bioactive metabolites from various microbes, which is usually achieved by a range of classical techniques including one factor at a time (OFAT). However, the major drawbacks of conventional optimization methods have directed the use of statistical optimization approaches in fermentation process development. Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the empirical techniques extensively used for modeling, optimization and analysis of fermentation processes. To date, several researchers have implemented RSM in different bioprocess optimization accountable for the production of assorted natural substances from Streptomyces in which the results are very promising. This review summarizes some of the recent RSM adopted studies for the enhanced production of antibiotics, enzymes and probiotics using Streptomyces with the intention to highlight the significance of Streptomyces as well as RSM to the research community and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvanathan Latha
- a Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Govindhan Sivaranjani
- a Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
- a Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , Tamil Nadu , India.,b Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences , University of New Hampshire , Durham , USA
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18
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Optimization of chitinase production by a new Streptomyces griseorubens C9 isolate using response surface methodology. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-016-1249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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19
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Erva RR, Goswami AN, Suman P, Vedanabhatla R, Rajulapati SB. Optimization of L-asparaginase production from novel Enterobacter sp., by submerged fermentation using response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 47:219-228. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1201683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswara Reddy Erva
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Ajgebi Nath Goswami
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Priyanka Suman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Ravali Vedanabhatla
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Satish Babu Rajulapati
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
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Enhancement of Exochitinase Production by Bacillus licheniformis AT6 Strain and Improvement of N-Acetylglucosamine Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:650-666. [PMID: 27639392 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A strain producing chitinase, isolated from potato stem tissue, was identified as Bacillus licheniformis by biochemical properties and 16S RNA sequence analysis. Statistical experimental designs were used to optimize nine independent variables for chitinase production by B. licheniformis AT6 strain in submerged fermentation. Using Plackett-Burman design, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4.7H2O, colloidal chitin, MnCl2 2H2O, and temperature were found to influence chitinase production significantly. According to Box-Behnken response surface methodology, the optimal fermentation conditions allowing maximum chitinase production were (in gram per liter): (NH4)2SO4, 7; K2HPO4, 1; NaCl, 1; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1; yeast extract, 0.5; colloidal chitin, 7.5; MnCl2.2H2O, 0.2; temperature 35 °C; pH medium 7. The optimization strategy led to a 10-fold increase in chitinase activity (505.26 ± 22.223 mU/mL versus 50.35 ± 19.62 mU/mL for control basal medium). A major protein band with a molecular weight of 61.9 kDa corresponding to chitinase activity was clearly detected under optimized conditions. Chitinase activity produced in optimized medium mainly releases N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) monomer from colloidal chitin. This enzyme also acts as an exochitinase with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. These results suggest that B. licheniformis AT6 secreting exochitinase is highly efficient in GlcNAc production which could in turn be envisaged as a therapeutic agent or as a conservator against the alteration of several ailments.
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21
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Dhami NK, Mukherjee A, Reddy MS. Applicability of bacterial biocementation in sustainable construction materials. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep Kaur Dhami
- Department of Civil Engineering; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Abhijit Mukherjee
- Department of Civil Engineering; Curtin University; GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - M. Sudhakara Reddy
- Department of Biotechnology; Thapar University; Patiala 147004 Punjab India
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Aliabadi N, Aminzadeh S, Karkhane AA, Haghbeen K. Thermostable chitinase from Cohnella sp. A01: isolation and product optimization. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:931-940. [PMID: 27528085 PMCID: PMC5052389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve bacterial strains isolated from shrimp farming ponds were screened for their growth activity on chitin as the sole carbon source. The highly chitinolytic bacterial strain was detected by qualitative cup plate assay and tentatively identified to be Cohnella sp. A01 based on 16S rDNA sequencing and by matching the key morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. The cultivation of Cohnella sp. A01 in the suitable liquid medium resulted in the production of high levels of enzyme. The colloidal chitin, peptone, and K2HPO4 represented the best carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sources, respectively. Enzyme production by Cohnella sp. A01 was optimized by the Taguchi method. Our results demonstrated that inoculation amount and temperature of incubation were the most significant factors influencing chitinase production. From the tested values, the best pH/temperature was obtained at pH 5 and 70°C, with Km and Vmax values of chitinase to be 5.6mg/mL and 0.87μmol/min, respectively. Ag+, Co2+, iodoacetamide, and iodoacetic acid inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas Mn2+, Cu2+, Tweens (20 and 80), Triton X-100, and EDTA increased the same. In addition, the study of the morphological alteration of chitin treated by enzyme by SEM revealed cracks and pores on the chitin surface, indicating a potential application of this enzyme in several industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Aliabadi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aminzadeh
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Karkhane
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Tehran, Iran
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Utilization of Chitinaceous Wastes for the Production of Chitinase. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 78:27-46. [PMID: 27452164 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Marine environment is the most abundant source of chitin. Several marine organisms possess chitin in their structural components. Hence, a huge amount of chitin wastes is deposited in marine environment when such organisms shed their outer skeleton and also after their demise. Waste chitins are potential nutrient source of certain microbes. These microbes produce chitinases that hydrolyze waste chitins. These organisms thus play an important role to remove the chitin wastes from marine environment. In connection with this, chitinases are found to be most important biocatalyst for the utilization of chitin wastes. Therefore, use of chitin for chitinase production is one of the useful tools for different types of bioprocesses.
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Warda EA, Abeer AAEA, Eman RH, Mahmoud AS, Ahmed IED. Applications of Plackett–Burman and Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Novel Brevundimonas diminuta KT277492 Chitinase Production, Investigation of its Antifungal Activity. BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 59. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4324-2016160245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Optimization of Culture Conditions for Production of the Anti-Leukemic Glutaminase Free L-Asparaginase by Newly Isolated Streptomyces olivaceus NEAE-119 Using Response Surface Methodology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:627031. [PMID: 26180806 PMCID: PMC4477217 DOI: 10.1155/2015/627031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the antitumor drugs, bacterial enzyme L-asparaginase has been employed as the most effective chemotherapeutic agent in pediatric oncotherapy especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Glutaminase free L-asparaginase producing actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples collected from Egypt. Among them, a potential culture, strain NEAE-119, was selected and identified on the basis of morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties together with 16S rRNA sequence as Streptomyces olivaceus NEAE-119 and sequencing product (1509 bp) was deposited in the GenBank database under accession number KJ200342. The optimization of different process parameters for L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces olivaceus NEAE-119 using Plackett-Burman experimental design and response surface methodology was carried out. Fifteen variables (temperature, pH, incubation time, inoculum size, inoculum age, agitation speed, dextrose, starch, L-asparagine, KNO3, yeast extract, K2HPO4, MgSO4·7H2O, NaCl, and FeSO4·7H2O) were screened using Plackett-Burman experimental design. The most positive significant independent variables affecting enzyme production (temperature, inoculum age, and agitation speed) were further optimized by the face-centered central composite design-response surface methodology.
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26
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Chitin-degrading enzymes from an actinomycete ectosymbiont of Acromyrmex subterraneus brunneus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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27
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El-Nagga NEA, El-Ewasy SM, El-Shweihy NM. Microbial L-asparaginase as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: The Pros and Cons. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.182.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Chitinase from a novel strain of Serratia marcescens JPP1 for biocontrol of aflatoxin: molecular characterization and production optimization using response surface methodology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:482623. [PMID: 24812619 PMCID: PMC4000942 DOI: 10.1155/2014/482623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase is one of the most important mycolytic enzymes with industrial significance, and produced by a number of organisms. A chitinase producing isolate Serratia marcescens JPP1 was obtained from peanut hulls in Jiangsu Province, China, and exhibited antagonistic activity against aflatoxins. In this study, we describe the optimization of medium composition with increased production of chitinase for the selected bacteria using statistical methods: Plackett-Burman design was applied to find the key ingredients, and central composite design of response surface methodology was used to optimize the levels of key ingredients for the best yield of chitinase. Maximum chitinase production was predicted to be 23.09 U/mL for a 2.1-fold increase in medium containing 12.70 g/L colloidal chitin, 7.34 g/L glucose, 5.00 g/L peptone, 1.32 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.7 g/L K2HPO4, and 0.5 g/L MgSO4·7H2O. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the JPP1 chitinase gene was performed and obtained a 1,789 bp nucleotide sequence; its open reading frame encoded a protein of 499 amino acids named as ChiBjp.
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29
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Optimizing the production of an α-(1→2) branching sucrase in Escherichia coli using statistical design. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5173-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Pareek N, Ghosh S, Singh RP, Vivekanand V. Enhanced production of chitin deacetylase by Penicillium oxalicum SAE M-51 through response surface optimization of fermentation conditions. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:33-39. [PMID: 28324456 PMCID: PMC3909569 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of the fermentation conditions for chitin deacetylase (CDA) production by Penicillium oxalicum SAEM-51 was undertaken in the present study using central composite design (CCD) under submerged condition. CDA is widely employed for bio-catalytic conversion of chitin to chitosan. Chitosan is a biopolymer with immense commercial potential in diverse industrial sectors, viz. pharmaceutics, food, agriculture, water treatment, etc. CDA production was significantly affected by all the variables studied, viz. pH, temperature, inoculum age and size. The optimal conditions that stimulating maximal CDA production were found to be: pH, 7.9; temperature, 28 °C; inoculum age, 90 h, and 11 % inoculum size. Under these optimized conditions, the actual maximal CDA production was 623.57 ± 8.2 Ul−1, which was in good agreement with the values predicted by the quadratic model (648.24 Ul−1), confirming the validity of the model. Optimization of fermentation conditions through CCD had resulted into 1.4-fold enhancement in CDA productivity (Qp = 4.3264 Ul−1 h−1). Results of these experiments indicated that response surface methodology was proved to be a promising method for optimization of CDA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90183, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - R P Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V Vivekanand
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Protein Engineering and Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
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Gholamian S, Gholamian S, Nazemi A, Miri Nargesi M. Optimization of culture media for L-asparaginase production by newly isolated bacteria, Bacillus sp. GH5. Microbiology (Reading) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Farbod F, Kalbasi A, Moini S, Emam-Djomeh Z, Razavi H, Mortazavi A. Optimization of Operational Parameters to Fortify Iranian UF-Feta Cheese with Fish Oil Using Response Surface Methodology. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Farbod
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran; P. O. Box 4111 Karaj 31587-11167 Iran
| | - Ahmad Kalbasi
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran; P. O. Box 4111 Karaj 31587-11167 Iran
| | - Sohrab Moini
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran; P. O. Box 4111 Karaj 31587-11167 Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran; P. O. Box 4111 Karaj 31587-11167 Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi
- Department of Food Science, Technology and Engineering; Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology; Agricultural Campus of the University of Tehran; P. O. Box 4111 Karaj 31587-11167 Iran
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology Engineering; Faculty of Agriculture; Ferdowsi University; Mashhad Iran
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Thadathil N, Kuttappan AKP, Vallabaipatel E, Kandasamy M, Velappan SP. Statistical optimization of solid state fermentation conditions for the enhanced production of thermoactive chitinases by mesophilic soil fungi using response surface methodology and their application in the reclamation of shrimp processing by-products. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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35
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Barghini P, Moscatelli D, Garzillo AMV, Crognale S, Fenice M. High production of cold-tolerant chitinases on shrimp wastes in bench-top bioreactor by the Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003: bioprocess optimization and characterization of two main enzymes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:331-8. [PMID: 24034432 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE-5003 was preliminary cultivated in shaken flasks to check its chitinase production on rough shrimp and crab wastes. Production on shrimp shells was much higher than that on crab shells (104.6±9.3 and 48.6±3.1U/L, respectively). For possible industrial applications, bioprocess optimization was studied on shrimp shells in bioreactor using RSM to state best conditions of pH and substrate concentration. Optimization improved the production by 137% (243.6±17.3). Two chitinolytic enzymes (CHI1 and CHI2) were purified and characterized. CHI1 (MW ca. 61kDa) showed optima at pH 5.5 and 45°C while CHI2 (MW ca. 25kDa) optima were at pH 4.5 and 40°C. Both enzymes maintained high activity levels at 5°C and were inhibited by Fe(++), Hg(++) and Cu(++). CHI2 was strongly allosamidin-sensitive. Both proteins were N-acetyl-hexosaminidases (E.C. 3.2.1.52) but showed different roles in chitin hydrolysis: CHI1 could be defined as "chitobiase" while CHI2 revealed a main "eso-chitinase" activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Barghini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Largo Università snc, University of Tuscia, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Factors affecting antifungal activity of Streptomyces philanthi RM-1-138 against Rhizoctonia solani. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:323-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Amighi F, Emam-Djomeh Z, Madadlou A. Spray drying of ACE-inhibitory enzyme-modified white cheese. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amighi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
| | - Ashkan Madadlou
- Department of Food Science and Technology; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources; University of Tehran; Karaj; Iran
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Wu Q, Bai L, Liu W, Li Y, Lu C, Li Y, Lin Z, Wang M, Xue C, Chen J. Construction of Streptomyces lydicus A01 transformant with the chit33 gene from Trichoderma harzianum CECT2413 and its biocontrol effect on Fusaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Construction of a Streptomyces lydicus A01 transformant with a chit42 gene from Trichoderma harzianum P1 and evaluation of its biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea. J Microbiol 2013; 51:166-73. [PMID: 23625216 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-013-2321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces lydicus A01 and Trichoderma harzianum P1 are potential biocontrol agents of fungal diseases in plants. S. lydicus A01 produces natamycin to bind the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea. T. harzianum P1, on the other hand, features high chitinase activity and decomposes the chitin in the cell wall of B. cinerea. To obtain the synergistic biocontrol effects of chitinase and natamycin on Botrytis cinerea, this study transformed the chit42 gene from T. harzianum P1 to S. lydicus A01. The conjugal transformant (CT) of S. lydicus A01 with the chit42 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associated chitinase activity and natamycin production were examined using the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. The S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT showed substantially higher chitinase activity and natamycin production than its wild type strain (WT). Consequently, the biocontrol effects of S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT on B. cinerea, including inhibition to spore germination and mycelial growth, were highly improved compared with those of the WT. Our research indicates that the biocontrol effect of Streptomyces can be highly improved by transforming the exogenous resistance gene, i.e. chit42 from Trichoderma, which not only enhances the production of antibiotics, but also provides a supplementary function by degrading the cell walls of the pathogens.
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Cotârleţ M. Medium optimization for the production of cold-active beta amylase by psychrotrophic Streptomyces MIUG 4 alga using response surface methodology. Microbiology (Reading) 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261713020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kumar DP, Singh RK, Anupama PD, Solanki MK, Kumar S, Srivastava AK, Singhal PK, Arora DK. Studies on Exo-Chitinase Production from Trichoderma asperellum UTP-16 and Its Characterization. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 52:388-95. [PMID: 23997329 PMCID: PMC3460120 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth conditions for chitinase production by Trichoderma asperellum UTP-16 in solid state fermentation was optimized using response surface methodology based on central composite design. The chitinase production was optimized, using one-factor at a time approach, with six independent variables (temperature, pH, NaCl, incubation period, nitrogen and carbon sources) and 3.31 Units per gram dry substrate (U gds(-1)) exo-chitinase yield was obtained. A 21.15% increase was recorded in chitinase activity (4.01 U gds(-1)) through surface response methodology, indicates that it is a powerful and rapid tool for optimization of physical and nutritional variables. Further, efficiency of crude enzyme was evaluated against phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. and a mycelial growth inhibition up to 3.5-6.5 mm was achieved in well diffusion assay. These results could be supplemented as basic information for the development of enzyme based formulation of T. asperellum UTP-16 and its use as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Praveen Kumar
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101 India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101 India
| | - P. D. Anupama
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101 India
| | - Sudheer Kumar
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101 India
| | - Alok K. Srivastava
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101 India
| | - Pradeep K. Singhal
- Department of Bioscience, Ranidurgavati University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001 India
| | - Dilip K. Arora
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275101 India
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Purushe S, Prakash D, Nawani NN, Dhakephalkar P, Kapadnis B. Biocatalytic potential of an alkalophilic and thermophilic dextranase as a remedial measure for dextran removal during sugar manufacture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 115:2-7. [PMID: 22277209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study is focused on dextranase from Streptomyces sp. NK458 with potential to remove dextran formed during sugar manufacture. The dextranase had molecular weight of 130 kDa and hydrolyzed 15-25 and 410 kDa dextran. Dextranase production was optimized using statistical designs and the enzyme was purified 1.8-fold with 55.5% recovery. It displayed maximum activity at pH 9.0 and 60°C and was stable over a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 10.0. The k(m) and V(max) values were 3.05 mM and 17.97 mmol/ml/h, respectively. Ten units of dextranase could reduce dextran content by 67% in 24h and 56% in 72 h from sugarcane juice of cane variety CoS 86032. The enzyme was stable up to 3 days at 30°C beyond which its activity decreased and dextran removal could be retained by supplementation of 5 U of dextranase. These properties make it a promising biocatalyst for sugar industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Purushe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India
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Suresh PV. Biodegradation of shrimp processing bio-waste and concomitant production of chitinase enzyme and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by marine bacteria: production and process optimization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2945-62. [PMID: 22806736 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 250 chitinolytic bacteria from 68 different marine samples were screened employing enrichment method that utilized native chitin as the sole carbon source. After thorough screening, five bacteria were selected as potential cultures and identified as; Stenotrophomonas sp. (CFR221 M), Vibrio sp. (CFR173 M), Phyllobacteriaceae sp. (CFR16 M), Bacillus badius (CFR198 M) and Bacillus sp. (CFR188 M). All five strains produced extracellular chitinase and GlcNAc in SSF using shrimp bio-waste. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the ability of these marine bacteria to adsorb onto solid shrimp bio-waste and to degrade chitin microfibers. HPLC analysis of the SSF extract also confirmed presence of 36-65 % GlcNAc as a product of the degradation. The concomitant production of chitinase and GlcNAc by all five strains under SSF using shrimp bio-waste as the solid substrate was optimized by 'one factor at a time' approach. Among the strains, Vibrio sp. CFR173 M produced significantly higher yields of chitinase (4.8 U/g initial dry substrate) and GlcNAc (4.7 μmol/g initial dry substrate) as compared to other cultures tested. A statistically designed experiment was applied to evaluate the interaction of variables in the biodegradation of shrimp bio-waste and concomitant production of chitinase and GlcNAc by Vibrio sp. CFR173 M. Statistical optimization resulted in a twofold increase of chitinase, and a 9.1 fold increase of GlcNAc production. These results indicated the potential of chitinolytic marine bacteria for the reclamation of shrimp bio-waste, as well as the potential for economic production of chitinase and GlcNAc employing SSF using shrimp bio-waste as an ideal substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Suresh
- Department of Meat, Fish and Poultry Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India.
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Singh RK, Kumar DP, Solanki MK, Singh P, Srivastva AK, Kumar S, Kashyap PL, Saxena AK, Singhal PK, Arora DK. Optimization of media components for chitinase production by chickpea rhizosphere associated Lysinibacillus fusiformis B-CM18. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 53:451-60. [PMID: 22733389 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chitinase producing strain B-CM18 was isolated from chickpea rhizosphere and identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis B-CM18. It showed in vitro antifungal activity against a wide range of fungal plant pathogens and was found to produce several PGPR activities. Further, a multivariate response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of different factors on chitinolytic activity and optimizing enzyme production. A central composite design was employed to achieve the highest chitinase production at optimum values of the process variables, viz., temperature (20-45 °C), sodium chloride (2-7%), starch (0.1-1%) and yeast extract (0.1-1%), added in the minimal medium supplemented with colloidal chitin (1-10%; w:w). The fit of the model (R(2) = 0.5692) was found to be significant. The production medium to achieve the highest chitinase production (101 U ml(-1) ) was composed of the minimal medium composed of chitin (6.09%), NaCl (4.5%), starch (0.55%) and yeast extract (0.55%) with temperature (32.5 °C). The results show that the optimization strategy led to an increase in chitinase production by 56.1-fold. The molecular mass of the chitinase was estimated to be 20 kDa by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Further, purified chitinase showed strong antifungal activity against test pathogens. Overall, these results may serve as a base line data for enhancing the chitinolytic potential of bacterial antagonists for bio-management of chickpea pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Singh
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India -275101
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Galante RS, Taranto AG, Koblitz MG, Góes-Neto A, Pirovani CP, Cascardo JC, Cruz SH, Pereira GA, Assis SAD. Purification, characterization and structural determination of chitinases produced by Moniliophthora perniciosa. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2012; 84:469-86. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652012000200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme chitinase from Moniliophthora perniciosa the causative agent of the witches' broom disease in Theobroma cacao, was partially purified with ammonium sulfate and filtration by Sephacryl S-200 using sodium phosphate as an extraction buffer. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum pH and temperature conditions. Four different isoenzymes were obtained: ChitMp I, ChitMp II, ChitMp III and ChitMp IV. ChitMp I had an optimum temperature at 44-73ºC and an optimum pH at 7.0-8.4. ChitMp II had an optimum temperature at 45-73ºC and an optimum pH at 7.0-8.4. ChitMp III had an optimum temperature at 54-67ºC and an optimum pH at 7.3-8.8. ChitMp IV had an optimum temperature at 60ºC and an optimum pH at 7.0. For the computational biology, the primary sequence was determined in silico from the database of the Genome/Proteome Project of M. perniciosa, yielding a sequence with 564 bp and 188 amino acids that was used for the three-dimensional design in a comparative modeling methodology. The generated models were submitted to validation using Procheck 3.0 and ANOLEA. The model proposed for the chitinase was subjected to a dynamic analysis over a 1 ns interval, resulting in a model with 91.7% of the residues occupying favorable places on the Ramachandran plot and an RMS of 2.68.
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Ye CL, Lai YF. Supercritical CO2 Extraction Optimization of Onion Oil Using Response Surface Methodology. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ottoni CA, Cuervo-Fernández R, Piccoli RM, Moreira R, Guilarte-Maresma B, Silva ESD, Rodrigues MFA, Maiorano AE. Media optimization for β-Fructofuranosidase production by Aspergillus oryzae. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322012000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Ottoni
- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - R. M. Piccoli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. Moreira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - A. E. Maiorano
- Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
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Bahrin EK, Ibrahim MF, Abd Razak MN, Abd-Aziz S, Shah UKM, Alitheen N, Salleh MM. IMPROVED CELLULASE PRODUCTION BYBotryosphaeria rhodinaFROM OPEFB AT LOW LEVEL MOISTURE CONDITION THROUGH STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 42:155-70. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2011.585413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mishra P, Kshirsagar PR, Nilegaonkar SS, Singh SK. Statistical optimization of medium components for production of extracellular chitinase by Basidiobolus ranarum: a novel biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic fungi. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 52:539-48. [PMID: 22359366 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The influence of concentration of medium components such as colloidal chitin, lactose, malt extract, yeast extract, and peptone on the chitinase production from Basidiobolous ranarum at the flask level were studied by using statistical tool Central Composite Design (CCD) and analysed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results revealed that colloidal chitin, malt extract and peptone had significant effect (P < 0.01) on the chitinase production at their individual levels. The polynomial equation of the model developed incorporates 3 linear, 3 quadratic and 5 interactive terms. Maximum chitinase production of 3.47 U ml(-1) was achieved with 1.5% colloidal chitin, 0.125% lactose, 0.025% malt extract and 0.075% peptone. After optimization, chitinase activity was increased by 7.71 fold. A second order polynomial equation was found to be useful for the development of efficient bioprocess for chitinase production. To screen the biotechnological potential of this enzyme, degradation of fungal mycelia by ammonium sulphate precipitate of the same was studied for several pathogenic fungi-in vitro which showed promising results particularly against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. This study provides the first evidence showing the effectiveness of RSM for the development of a robust statistical model for the chitinase production by Basidiobolus and for its application in the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mishra
- Microbial Sciences Division, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, India
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Fenice M, Barghini P, Selbmann L, Federici F. Combined effects of agitation and aeration on the chitinolytic enzymes production by the Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:12. [PMID: 22270226 PMCID: PMC3310808 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Antarctic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium CCFEE 5003 is one of the most powerful chitinolytic organisms. It can produce high level of chitinolytic enzymes in a wide range of temperatures (5-30°C). Chitinolytic enzymes have lot of applications but their industrial production is still rather limited and no cold-active enzymes are produced. In view of massive production of L. muscarium chitinolytic enzymes, its cultivation in bioreactors is mandatory. Microbial cultivation and/or their metabolite production in bioreactors are sometime not possible and must be verified and optimized for possible exploitation. Agitation and aeration are the most important parameters in order to allow process up-scaling to the industrial level. Results In this study, submerged cultures of L. muscarium CCFEE 5003 were carried out in a 2-L bench-top CSTR bioreactor in order to optimise the production of chitinolytic enzymes. The effect of stirrer speed (range 200-500 rpm) and aeration rate (range 0.5-1.5 vvm) combination was studied, by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), in a medium containing 1.0% yeast nitrogen base and 1% colloidal chitin. Optimization was carried out, within a "quadratic D-optimal" model, using quantitative and quantitative-multilevel factors for aeration and agitation, respectively. The model showed very good correlation parameters (R2, 0.931; Q2, 0.869) and the maximum of activity (373.0 U/L) was predicted at ca. 327 rpm and 1.1 vvm. However, the experimental data showed that highest activity (383.7 ± 7.8 U/L) was recorded at 1 vvm and 300 rpm. Evident shear effect caused by stirrer speed and, partially, by high aeration rates were observed. Under optimized conditions in bioreactor the fungus was able to produce a higher number of chitinolytic enzymes than those released in shaken flasks. In addition, production was 23% higher. Conclusions This work demonstrated the attitude of L. muscarium CCFEE 5003 to grow in bench-top bioreactor; outlined the strong influence of aeration and agitation on its growth and enzyme production and identified the optimal conditions for possible production at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Fenice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Largo Università snc, University of Tuscia, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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