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Cicekalan B, Berenji NR, Aras MF, Guven H, Koyuncu I, Ersahin ME, Ozgun H. Impact of food waste addition in energy efficient municipal wastewater treatment by aerobic granular sludge process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29304-29320. [PMID: 38570432 PMCID: PMC11058935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, one of the main purposes of wastewater treatment plants is to achieve a neutral or positive energy balance while meeting the discharge criteria. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is a promising technology that has low energy and footprint requirements as well as high treatment performance. The effect of co-treatment of municipal wastewater and food waste (FW) on the treatment performance, granule morphology, and settling behavior of the granules was investigated in the study. A biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was also performed to assess the methane potential of mono- and co-digestion of the excess sludge from the AGS process. The addition of FW into wastewater enhanced the nutrient treatment efficiency in the AGS process. BMP of the excess sludge from the AGS process fed with the mixture of wastewater and FW (195 ± 17 mL CH4/g VS) was slightly higher than BMP of excess sludge from the AGS process fed with solely wastewater (173 ± 16 mL CH4/g VS). The highest methane yield was observed for co-digestion of excess sludge from the AGS process and FW, which was 312 ± 8 mL CH4/g VS. Integration of FW as a co-substrate in the AGS process would potentially enhance energy recovery and the quality of effluent in municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Cicekalan
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Nastaran Rahimzadeh Berenji
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Furkan Aras
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Guven
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- National Research Center On Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- National Research Center On Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Hale Ozgun
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
- National Research Center On Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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Kang P, Liang Z, Zhang Q, Zheng P, Yu G, Cui L, Liang Y. The optimum particle size of anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge under different substrate concentrations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116992. [PMID: 36502703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge (AnGS) varies widely among particle sizes. In this paper, the nitrogen removal performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion level and microbial community of AnGS with different particle sizes were investigated to select the optimal particle size for different substrate concentrations. The results showed that the optimal particle size migrated from 0.6-1.6 mm to 1.6-2.5 mm and then to 2.5-3.2 mm as the substrate concentration increased. When the influent concentration of NH4+-N was 110 mg/L, granular sludge with particle size of 1.6-2.5 mm showed excellent nitrogen removal performance with the highest EPS secretion, while the highest EPS secretion gradually migrated to smaller particles as the substrate concentration decreased. The nitrogen removal performance of AnGS with different particle sizes depends on different proportions of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria (Candidates_Jettenia, Candidates_Kuenenia, Candidatus_Brocadia), heterotrophic nitrification aerobic denitrifying bacteria (Acinetobacter) and denitrifying bacteria (Denitratisoma). The optimum particle size range for AnGS has been clarified for different influent nitrogen concentrations, which can provide some new understanding for the application of anammox reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilun Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zile Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peihan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lihua Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuhai Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Burzio C, Ekholm J, Modin O, Falås P, Svahn O, Persson F, van Erp T, Gustavsson DJI, Wilén BM. Removal of organic micropollutants from municipal wastewater by aerobic granular sludge and conventional activated sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129528. [PMID: 35999740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Removal performances of organic micropollutants by conventional activated sludge (CAS) and aerobic granular sludge (AGS) were investigated at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Lab-scale kinetic experiments were performed to assess the micropollutant transformation rates under oxic and anoxic conditions. Transformation rates were used to model the micropollutant removal in the full-scale processes. Metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes of the CAS and AGS systems. Higher transformation ability was observed for CAS compared to AGS for most compounds, both at the full-scale plant and in the complementary batch experiments. Oxic conditions supported the transformation of several micropollutants with faster and/or comparable rates compared to anoxic conditions. The estimated transformation rates from batch experiments adequately predicted the removal for most micropollutants in the full-scale processes. While the compositions in microbial communities differed between AGS and CAS, the full-scale biological reactors shared similar resistome profiles. Even though granular biomass showed lower potential for micropollutant transformation, AGS systems had somewhat higher gene cluster diversity compared to CAS, which could be related to a higher functional diversity. Micropollutant exposure to biomass or mass transfer limitations, therefore played more important roles in the observed differences in OMP removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Burzio
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden.
| | - Jennifer Ekholm
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Per Falås
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Ola Svahn
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad 29139, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Tim van Erp
- Strömstad Municipality, Wastewater Treatment Plant Österröd, Strömstad 45233, Sweden
| | | | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
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Enrichment of phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a microfluidic model biofilm system by mimicking a typical aerobic granular sludge feast/famine regime. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1313-1324. [PMID: 35032186 PMCID: PMC8816403 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Wastewater treatment using aerobic granular sludge has gained increasing interest due to its advantages compared to conventional activated sludge. The technology allows simultaneous removal of organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in a single reactor system and is independent of space-intensive settling tanks. However, due to the microscale, an analysis of processes and microbial population along the radius of granules is challenging. Here, we introduce a model system for aerobic granular sludge on a small scale by using a machine-assisted microfluidic cultivation platform. With an implemented logic module that controls solenoid valves, we realized alternating oxic hunger and anoxic feeding phases for the biofilms growing within. Sampling during ongoing anoxic cultivation directly from the cultivation channel was achieved with a robotic sampling device. Analysis of the biofilms was conducted using optical coherence tomography, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and amplicon sequencing. Using this setup, it was possible to significantly enrich the percentage of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) belonging to the family Rhodocyclaceae in the community compared to the starting inoculum. With the aid of this miniature model system, it is now possible to investigate the influence of a multitude of process parameters in a highly parallel way to understand and efficiently optimize aerobic granular sludge-based wastewater treatment systems.Key points• Development of a microfluidic model to study EBPR.• Feast-famine regime enriches polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs).• Microfluidics replace sequencing batch reactors for aerobic granular sludge research.
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Long-Term Stability of Nitrifying Granules in a Membrane Bioreactor without Hydraulic Selection Pressure. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the long-term stability of nitrifying granules in a membrane bioreactor (GMBR), a membrane module was submerged in an airlift reactor to eliminate the hydraulic selection pressure that was believed to be the driving force of aerobic granulation. The long-term monitoring results showed that the structure of nitrifying granules could remain stable for 305 days in the GMBR without hydraulic selection pressure; however, the majority of the granule structure was actually inactive due to mass diffusion limitation. As a consequence, active biomass free of mass diffusion limitation only inhabited the top 60–80 µm layer of the nitrifying granules. There was a dynamic equilibrium between bioflocs and membrane, i.e., 25% of bioflocs attached on the membrane surface within the last nine days of the backwash cycle in synchronization with the emergence of a peak of soluble extracellular polymeric substances (sEPS), with a concentration of around 47 mg L−1. Backwash can eventually detach and return these bioflocs to the bulk solution. However, the rate of membrane fouling did not change with and without the biofloc attachment. In a certain sense, the GMBR investigated in this study functioned in a similar fashion as an integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane bioreactor and thus defeated the original purpose of GMBR development. The mass diffusion problem and sEPS production should be key areas of focus in future GMBR research.
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Stegman S, Batstone DJ, Rozendal R, Jensen PD, Hülsen T. Purple phototrophic bacteria granules under high and low upflow velocities. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116760. [PMID: 33360616 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of granular biomass has enabled energy efficient, high-rate wastewater treatment systems. While initially designed for high-strength wastewater treatment, granular systems can also play a major role in resource recovery. This study focused on the formation of purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) granular biomass during synthetic wastewater treatment. Liquid upflow velocity was applied as the driving force for granulation. Separate reactors were operated at either low (2-5m h-1) or high (6-9m h-1) upflow velocities, with sludge retention times (SRTs) ranging from 5-15d. Reactors produced anaerobic, photo-granules within ~50d. The sludge volume index (SVI30) of the granules was 10mL g-1 and average settling rates were greater than 30m h-1, both metrics being similar to existing granular technologies. Granule sizes of 2-3mm were recorded, however the particle size distribution was bimodal with a large floc fraction (70-80% volume fraction). The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and alginate-like extract (ALE) contents were similar to those in aerobic granular biomass. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) imaging identified PPB bacteria dispersed throughout the granules with very few methanogens and an active core. Outer layer morphology was substantially different in the two reactors. The high-upflow reactor had an outer layer of Chromatiales and an inner layer of Rhodobacteriales, while the low-upflow reactor had lower abundances of both, and limited layering. According to 16s gene sequencing, PPB were a similar fraction of the microbial community in both reactors (40-70%), but the high upflow granules were dominated by Chromatiales (supporting FISH results), while the low upflow velocity reactor had a more diverse PPB community. Methanogens were seen only in the low upflow granules and only in small amounts (≤8%). Granule crude protein content was ~0.60gCP gVS-1 (~0.45gCP gTS-1), similar to that from other PPB production technologies. The growth of a rapid settling and discrete PPB granular biomass on synthetic wastewater suggests methods for resource recovery using PPB can be diversified to also include granular biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Stegman
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - René Rozendal
- Paques BV, Tjalke de Boerstritte 24, 8561 EL, Balk, Netherlands
| | - Paul D Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tim Hülsen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, Gehrmann Building, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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7
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Sun Y, Angelotti B, Brooks M, Wang ZW. Feast/famine ratio determined continuous flow aerobic granulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141467. [PMID: 32853933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plug flow reactors (PFRs) made of multiple completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in series were used to cultivate aerobic granules in real domestic wastewater. Theoretically, changing the number of CSTR chambers in series will change the nature of plug flow, and thus alter the pattern of the feast/famine condition and impact the aerobic granulation progress. Therefore, PFRs were operated in 4-, 6-, and 8-chamber mode under the same gravity selection pressure (a critical settling velocity of 9.75 m h-1) and hydraulic retention time (6.5 h) until steady states were reached to evaluate the effect of the feast/famine condition on continuous flow aerobic granulation. The sludge particle size, circularity, settleability, specific gravity, zone settling velocity, and extracellular polymeric substance contents were analyzed to evaluate the role that a feast/famine regime plays in aerobic granulation. It was found that aerobic granulation failed whenever the feast/famine ratio was greater than 0.5. The results support a conclusion that the feast/famine condition is likely a prerequisite for continuous flow aerobic granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Sun
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 9408 Prince William Street, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; Hazen and Sawyer, 4035 Ridge Top Road, Suite 500, Farfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Bob Angelotti
- Upper Occoquan Service Authority, 14631 Compton Rd, Centreville, VA 20121, USA
| | - Matt Brooks
- Upper Occoquan Service Authority, 14631 Compton Rd, Centreville, VA 20121, USA
| | - Zhi-Wu Wang
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 9408 Prince William Street, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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Ahmad HA, Ni SQ, Ahmad S, Zhang J, Ali M, Ngo HH, Guo W, Tan Z, Wang Q. Gel immobilization: A strategy to improve the performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for nitrogen-rich wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 313:123642. [PMID: 32536456 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process appears a suitable substitute to nitrification-denitrification at a lower C/N ratios. Anammox is a chemolithoautotrophic process, belong to phylum Planctomycetes, and they are slow growing bacteria. Different strategies, e.g., biofilm formation, granulation and gel immobilization, have been applied to maintain a critical mass of bacterial cells in the system by avoiding washout from the bioreactor. Gel immobilization of anammox appears the best alternative to the natural process of biofilm formation and granulation. Polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate, polyethylene glycol, and waterborne polyurethane are the most reported materials used for the entrapment of anammox bacteria. However, dissolution of the gel beads refrains its application for long term bioprocess. Magnetic powder could coat on the surface of the beads which may increase the mechanical strength and durability of pellets. Application and problem of immobilization technology for the commercialization of this technology also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Adeel Ahmad
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zuwan Tan
- China Gezhouba Group Co., Ltd. & China Gezhouba Group Three Gorges Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Yichang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shandong Hongda Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
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9
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Guo H, Felz S, Lin Y, van Lier JB, de Kreuk M. Structural extracellular polymeric substances determine the difference in digestibility between waste activated sludge and aerobic granules. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 181:115924. [PMID: 32492593 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology is an alternative to conventional activated sludge to reduce the process footprint and energy consumption. Strategies for the efficient management of its produced biomass, that is grown in a granular morphology as well, need further development. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is commonly applied in waste activated sludge (WAS) treatment and is a potential option also for produced AGS treatment. In earlier studies, the biochemical methane potential of AGS was found lower than that of WAS both grown in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment systems. In order to understand this difference, this study aimed to investigate the anaerobic conversion of structural extracellular polymeric substances (SEPS), which is a type of gel-forming biopolymer, being responsible for the aggregation of sludge. Using WAS and AGS as substrates, a comparative AD batch experiment was performed for 44 days during which the SEPS fraction was extracted from both types of sludge. The changes in the SEPS chemical composition was analysed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix analysis. In addition, the mechanical strength of hydrogels of extracted polymers cross-linked with Ca2+ ions was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. Results showed that the amount of SEPS was reduced by 26% in AGS (SEPSAGS) and by 41% in WAS (SEPSWAS), respectively. Polysaccharides and, to a lesser extent, the proteins in the SEPSAGS were more refractory compared to those in SEPSWAS. This resulted in a lower loss of the gel stiffness of SEPSAGS than that of SEPSWAS during the AD process. Moreover, the release of SEPS from tightly bound EPS to loosely bound EPS were observed in both types of sludge, but that in AGS exhibited a lower transition rate. The observed properties explain the distinct differences in anaerobic biodegradability, the slower decomposition of the sludge structure, as well as the better dewaterability of AGS as compared to WAS after the AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Guo
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Simon Felz
- Group Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Group Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Merle de Kreuk
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN, Delft, the Netherlands
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Lotti T, Burzi O, Scaglione D, Ramos CA, Ficara E, Pérez J, Carrera J. Two-stage granular sludge partial nitritation/anammox process for the treatment of digestate from the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 100:36-44. [PMID: 31505402 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing amount of source separated organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) treated by anaerobic digestion for energy recovery requires the implementation of cost-efficient processes for the treatment of the produced digestate, especially in terms of nitrogen removal. The autotrophic nitrogen removal process, based on the coupling of two biological processes, partial nitritation (PN) and anammox (A), appears as a suitable solution due to important savings in operational costs compared to conventional treatment processes. However, its application could be hampered by the high salinity and inhibitory potential of this kind of digestate. In this contribution, two lab-scale granular sludge reactors performing the PN and anammox processes, respectively, were used to treat (opportunely diluted) real OFMSW digestate originating from full-scale biogas plants with the aim of assessing their treatment feasibility in a two-stage PN/A configuration. The PN process was implemented in an air-lift granular sludge reactor and was able to treat a nitrogen loading rate of about 1 g N L-1 d-1 at 30 ± 0.5 °C; moreover, its effluent was suitable for the subsequent anammox treatment, with an appropriate effluent NO2-/NH4+ ratio and marginal inhibiting effects. In the anammox granular sludge reactor, the anammox activity was affected by high salinity levels, nonetheless a stable reactor performance at a nitrogen removing rate of 0.83 ± 0.20 and 0.31 ± 0.04 g N L-1 d-1 at 35 ± 0.5 °C, were achieved when treating 50% and 30% diluted real wastewaters at a conductivity in the reactor of 9.1 and 11.2 mS cm-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lotti
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ottavia Burzi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Scaglione
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos Antonio Ramos
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ficara
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICA), P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Julio Pérez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Carrera
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Solomon D, Kiflie Z, Van Hulle S. Kinetic investigation and optimization of a sequencing batch reactor for the treatment of textile wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-019-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Gómez-Basurto F, Vital-Jácome M, Gómez-Acata ES, Thalasso F, Luna-Guido M, Dendooven L. Microbial community dynamics during aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7152. [PMID: 31528503 PMCID: PMC6717656 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms in aerobic granules formed in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) remove contaminants, such as xenobiotics or dyes, from wastewater. The granules, however, are not stable over time, decreasing the removal of the pollutant. A better understanding of the granule formation and the dynamics of the microorganisms involved will help to optimize the removal of contaminants from wastewater in a SBR. Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer PCR amplicons revealed that during the acclimation phase the relative abundance of Acinetobacter reached 70.8%. At the start of the granulation phase the relative abundance of Agrobacterium reached 35.9% and that of Dipodascus 89.7% during the mature granule phase. Fluffy granules were detected on day 43. The granules with filamentous overgrowth were not stable and they lysed on day 46 resulting in biomass wash-out. It was found that the reactor operation strategy resulted in stable aerobic granules for 46 days. As the reactor operations remained the same from the mature granule phase to the end of the experiment, the disintegration of the granules after day 46 was due to changes in the microbial community structure and not by the reactor operation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Dong X, Wang S, Geng Z, Li Y, Zhang M. Experimental and numerical analysis on the hydrodynamic behaviors of permeable microbial granules. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Bassin JP, Tavares DC, Borges RC, Dezotti M. Development of aerobic granular sludge under tropical climate conditions: The key role of inoculum adaptation under reduced sludge washout for stable granulation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:168-182. [PMID: 30292012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a promising technology for wastewater treatment. However, the success of the process depends on the formation of stable granular biomass, which is associated with the microbiological aspects of the sludge and reactor operating conditions. In this study, the development of AGS from a poor nitrifying flocculent sludge obtained in a sewage treatment plant designed only for organic matter removal was assessed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under tropical climate conditions (temperatures of 28 ± 4 °C). The results showed that, despite the alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions during the granules selection phase under high sludge washout rates (low settling time), readily biodegradable organic matter was mainly removed aerobically. The formed granules were unstable, exhibiting a substantial amount of filaments and pasty consistency. The biomass characteristics (e.g., sludge volume index, density, diameter and settling velocity) were negatively impacted as complete granulation was reached, while biomass loss and degranulation became inevitable. Poor nitrification and no enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) were observed. Implementation of a new operational strategy incorporating an adaptation of the seed sludge under reduced washout conditions (high settling time) prior to the granules selection stage enabled most of the influent organics to be removed anaerobically. Besides allowing a feast-famine regime to be established in the reactor, the sludge acclimation phase favoured the development of slow-growing organisms and suppressed the appearance of filamentous-like structures. Fast-settling granules with regular shape remained stable in the long-term, while high ammonium (>95%) and total nitrogen removal (>90%) was obtained. However, EBPR activity was very unstable, most likely due to the high temperatures. The findings of this study are important for the spreading of the AGS technology worldwide, especially in developing countries where the conditions are different in all aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Bassin
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE - Chemical Engineering Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - D C Tavares
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE - Chemical Engineering Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R C Borges
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE - Civil Engineering Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Dezotti
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - COPPE - Chemical Engineering Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Wang L, Liu X, Lee DJ, Tay JH, Zhang Y, Wan CL, Chen XF. Recent advances on biosorption by aerobic granular sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:253-270. [PMID: 29890422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge is a form of microbial auto-aggregation, and a promising biotechnology for wastewater treatment. This review aims at providing the first comprehensive, systematic, and in-depth overview on the application of aerobic granules as biosorbents. The target pollutants encompass heavy metals (both cationic and oxyanionic), nuclides, dyes, and inorganic non-metal substances. Different granule types are discussed, i.e. intact and fragmented, compact and fluffy, original and modified, and the effects of granule surface modification are introduced. A detailed comparison is conducted on the characteristics of granular biomass, the conditions of the adsorption tests, and the resultant performance towards various sorbates. Analytical and mathematical tools typically employed are presented, and possible interactions between the pollutants and granules are theorized, leading to an analysis on the mechanisms of the adsorption processes. Original granules appear highly effective towards cationic metals, while surface modification by organic and inorganic agents can expand their applicability to other pollutants. Combined with their advantages of high mechanical strength, density, and settling speed, aerobic granules possess exceptional potential in real wastewater treatment as biosorbents. Possible future research, both fundamental and practical, is suggested to gain more insights into the mechanism of their function, and to advance their industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, 200438, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Joo-Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, 200438, China.
| | - Chun-Li Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, 200438, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Center of Analysis and Measurement, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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16
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Tsui TH, Ekama GA, Chen GH. Quantitative characterization and analysis of granule transformations: Role of intermittent gas sparging in a super high-rate anaerobic system. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:177-186. [PMID: 29649702 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of leveraging biomass characteristics is essential for achieving a microbial community with a desired structure to optimize anaerobic bioreactor performance. This study investigates the successive granule transformations in a high-rate anaerobic system with intermittent gas sparging and sequential increases in organic loading rates (OLRs), by establishing the correlations between the granule microstructures and reactor operating parameters. Over the course of a 196-day lab-scale trial, the granules were visualized in various stages using scanning electron microscopy, and digital image processing was applied for further quantifying their surface properties. Correlation analyses revealed that irregularities of the granule microstructures (surface properties, specific surface area and pore volume) emerged at stage 4 when the OLR was 13.31 kg COD/m3·day and in stage 5 in the absence of gas sparging. The loading ratio (substrate surface loading to upward velocity) was identified to be the main parameter controlling the granule transformations, and the surface structures were classified into three categories for further interpretation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses showed that the granule core started to hollow out from stage 4. It is also found that a rough granule surface helped accelerate the growth of the granular diameter under gas sparging. Overall, this study not only establish quantitative correlations between the granules microstructures and reactor operating parameters, but also shed light on the use of intermittent gas sparging to control the surface properties of anaerobic granules in high-rate anaerobic bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- To-Hung Tsui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Abouhend AS, McNair A, Kuo-Dahab WC, Watt C, Butler CS, Milferstedt K, Hamelin J, Seo J, Gikonyo GJ, El-Moselhy KM, Park C. The Oxygenic Photogranule Process for Aeration-Free Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3503-3511. [PMID: 29505719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the oxygenic photogranule (OPG) process, a light-driven process for wastewater treatment, developed based on photogranulation of filamentous cyanobacteria, nonphototrophic bacteria, and microalgae. Unlike other biogranular processes requiring airlift or upflow-based mixing, the OPG process was operated in stirred-tank reactors without aeration. Reactors were seeded with hydrostatically grown photogranules and operated in a sequencing-batch mode for five months to treat wastewater. The new reactor biomass propagated with progression of photogranulation under periodic light/dark cycles. Due to effective biomass separation from water, the system was operated with short settling time (10 min) with effective decoupling of hydraulic and solids retention times (0.75 d vs 21-42 d). During quasi-steady state, the diameter of the OPGs ranged between 0.1 and 4.5 mm. The reactors produced effluents with average total chemical oxygen demand less than 30 mg/L. Nitrogen removal (28-71%) was achieved by bioassimilation and nitrification/denitrification pathways. Oxygen needed for the oxidation of organic matter and nitrification was produced by OPGs at a rate of 12.6 ± 2.4 mg O2/g biomass-h. The OPG system presents a new biogranule process, which can potentially use simple mixing and natural light to treat wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abouhend
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Marine Pollution Laboratory , National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries , Hurghada 84511 , Egypt
| | - Adam McNair
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Wenye C Kuo-Dahab
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Christopher Watt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Caitlyn S Butler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Kim Milferstedt
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement , Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Narbonne F-11100 , France
| | - Jérôme Hamelin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement , Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Narbonne F-11100 , France
| | - Jeongmi Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Department of Environmental Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 151-742 , South Korea
| | - Gitau J Gikonyo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Khalid M El-Moselhy
- Marine Pollution Laboratory , National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries , Hurghada 84511 , Egypt
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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18
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Li Y, Tabassum S, Chu C, Zhang Z. Inhibitory effect of high phenol concentration in treating coal gasification wastewater in anaerobic biofilter. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 64:207-215. [PMID: 29478641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the inhibition of methanogens by phenol in coal gasification wastewater (CGW) was investigated by both anaerobic toxicity tests and a lab-scale anaerobic biofilter reactor (AF). The anaerobic toxicity tests indicated that keeping the phenol concentration in the influent under 280mg/L could maintain the methanogenic activity. In the AF treating CGW, the result showed that adding glucose solution as co-substrate could be beneficial for the quick start-up of the reactor. The effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenol reached 1200 and 100mg/L, respectively, and the methane production rate was 175mLCH4/gCOD/day. However, if the concentration of phenol was increased, the inhibition of anaerobic micro-organisms was irreversible. The threshold of total phenol for AF operation was 200-250mg/L. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and particle size distribution of anaerobic granular sludge in the different stages were also examined, and the results indicated that the influence of toxicity in the system was more serious than its effect on flocculation of EPS. Moreover, the proportion of small size anaerobic granular sludge gradually increased from 10.2% to 34.6%. The results of high through-put sequencing indicated that the abundance of the Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes was inhibited by the toxicity of the CGW, and some shifts in the microbial community were observed at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Salma Tabassum
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunfeng Chu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenjia Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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19
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Corsino SF, Campo R, Di Bella G, Torregrossa M, Viviani G. Aerobic granular sludge treating shipboard slop: Analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons loading rates on performances and stability. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Tiron O, Bumbac C, Manea E, Stefanescu M, Nita Lazar M. Overcoming Microalgae Harvesting Barrier by Activated Algae Granules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4646. [PMID: 28680112 PMCID: PMC5498540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The economic factor of the microalgae harvesting step acts as a barrier to scaling up microalgae-based technology designed for wastewater treatment. In view of that, this study presents an alternative microalgae-bacteria system, which is proposed for eliminating the economic obstacle. Instead of the microalgae-bacteria (activated algae) flocs, the study aimed to develop activated algae granules comprising the microalgae Chlorella sp. as a target species. The presence of the filamentous microalgae (Phormidium sp.) was necessary for the occurrence of the granulation processes. A progressive decrease in frequency of the free Chlorella sp. cells was achieved once with the development of the activated algae granules as a result of the target microalgae being captured in the dense and tangled network of filaments. The mature activated algae granules ranged between 600 and 2,000 µm, and were characterized by a compact structure and significant settling ability (21.6 ± 0.9 m/h). In relation to the main aim of this study, a microalgae recovery efficiency of higher than 99% was achieved only by fast sedimentation of the granules; this performance highlighted the viability of the granular activated algae system for sustaining a microalgae harvesting procedure with neither cost nor energy inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tiron
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Technological Transfer, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Costel Bumbac
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Technological Transfer, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Manea
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Technological Transfer, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Stefanescu
- Department of Environmental Technologies and Technological Transfer, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Nita Lazar
- Department of Pollution Control, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Phan TN, Van Truong TT, Ha NB, Nguyen PD, Bui XT, Dang BT, Doan VT, Park J, Guo W, Ngo HH. High rate nitrogen removal by ANAMMOX internal circulation reactor (IC) for old landfill leachate treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 234:281-288. [PMID: 28334664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a high rate nitrogen removal lab-scale ANAMMOX reactor, namely Internal Circulation (IC) reactor, for old landfill leachate treatment. The reactor was operated with pre-treated leachate from a pilot Partial Nitritation Reactor (PNR) using a high nitrogen loading rate ranging from 2 to 10kgNm-3d-1. High rate removal of nitrogen (9.52±1.11kgNm-3d-1) was observed at an influent nitrogen concentration of 1500mgNL-1. The specific ANAMMOX activity was found to be 0.598±0.026gN2-NgVSS-1d-1. Analysis of ANAMMOX granules suggested that 0.5-1.0mm size granular sludge was the dominant group. The results of DNA analysis revealed that Candidatus Kueneniastuttgartiensis was the dominant species (37.45%) in the IC reactor, whereas other species like uncultured Bacteroidetes bacterium only constituted 5.37% in the system, but they were still responsible for removing recalcitrant organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Nhat Phan
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thanh Van Truong
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Nhu Biec Ha
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Phuoc Dan Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam.
| | - Bao Trong Dang
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Technology, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Van Tuan Doan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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22
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Wang F, Zhang C, Huo S. Influence of fluid dynamics on anaerobic digestion of food waste for biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1160-1168. [PMID: 27533260 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1220429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the stability and efficiency of an anaerobic process, the influences of fluid dynamics on the performance of anaerobic digestion and sludge granulation were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Four different propeller speeds (20, 60, 100, 140 r/min) were adopted for anaerobic digestion of food waste in a 30 L continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Experimental results indicated that the methane yield increased with increasing the propeller speed within the experimental range. Results from CFD simulation and sludge granulation showed that the optimum propeller speed for anaerobic digestion was 100 r/min. Lower propeller speed (20 r/min) inhibited mass transfer and resulted in the failure of anaerobic digestion, while higher propeller speed (140 r/min) would lead to higher energy loss and system instability. Under this condition, anaerobic digestion could work effectively with higher efficiency of mass transfer which facilitated sludge granulation and biogas production. The corresponding mean liquid velocity and shear strain rate were 0.082 m/s and 10.48 s-1, respectively. Moreover, compact granular sludge could be formed, with lower energy consumption. CFD was successfully used to study the influence of fluid dynamics on the anaerobic digestion process. The key parameters of the optimum mixing condition for anaerobic digestion of food waste in a 30 L CSTR including liquid velocity and shear strain rate were obtained using CFD, which were of paramount significance for the scale-up of the bioreactor. This study provided a new way for the optimization and scale-up of the anaerobic digestion process in CSTR based on the fluid dynamics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Wang
- a College of Pharmacy , Hebei North University , Zhangjiakou , People's Republic of China
| | - Cunsheng Zhang
- b School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- b School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , People's Republic of China
- c Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy , Ministry of Agriculture , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
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23
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Improving the slurry fuel preparation performance to recycle municipal sewage sludge by combined alkali and ultrasonication pretreatment. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Pan K, Su K, Zhang S, Sun Z, Xu D, Liu S. Hydrodynamics and permeability of aerobic granular sludge: The effect of intragranular characteristics and hydraulic conditions. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Advanced phosphorus recovery using a novel SBR system with granular sludge in simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4367-74. [PMID: 26728017 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel process for phosphorus (P) recovery without excess sludge production from granular sludge in simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and P removal (SNDPR) system is presented. Aerobic microbial granules were successfully cultivated in an alternating aerobic-anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for removing P and nitrogen (N). Dense and stable granular sludge was created, and the SBR system showed good performance in terms of P and N removal. The removal efficiency was approximately 65.22 % for N, and P was completely removed under stable operating conditions. Afterward, new operating conditions were applied in order to enhance P recovering without excess sludge production. The initial SBR system was equipped with a batch reactor and a non-woven cloth filter, and 1.37 g of CH3COONa·3H2O was added to the batch reactor after mixing it with 1 L of sludge derived from the SBR reactor to enhance P release in the liquid fraction, this comprises the new system configuration. Under the new operating conditions, 93.19 % of the P contained in wastewater was released in the liquid fraction as concentrated orthophosphate from part of granular sludge. This amount of P could be efficiently recovered in the form of struvite. Meanwhile, a deterioration of the denitrification efficiency was observed and the granules were disintegrated into smaller particles. The biomass concentration in the system increased firstly and then maintained at 4.0 ± 0.15 gVSS/L afterward. These results indicate that this P recovery operating (PRO) mode is a promising method to recover P in a SNDPR system with granular sludge. In addition, new insights into the granule transformation when confronted with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) load were provided.
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26
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Kim DH, Lee MK, Hwang Y, Im WT, Yun YM, Park C, Kim MS. Microbial granulation for lactic acid production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:101-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering; Inha University; 100 Inharo; Nam-gu; Incheon 402-751 Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Kwon Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory; Korea Institute of Energy Research; 152 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-343 Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhoon Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Technical University of Denmark; Miljøvej, Bygning 113, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby; Denmark
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu; Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Taek Im
- Department of Biotechnology; Hankyoung National Univeristy; 327 Chungang-no Anseong-si; Kyonggi-do 456-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Myeong Yun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu; Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 130 Natural Resources Road; Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Mi-Sun Kim
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory; Korea Institute of Energy Research; 152 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-343 Republic of Korea
- Division of Renewable Energy Engineering; University of Science and Technology; 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu; Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
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27
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Hao T, Luo J, Wei L, Mackey HR, Liu R, Rey Morito G, Chen GH. Physicochemical and biological characterization of long-term operated sulfate reducing granular sludge in the SANI® process. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 71:74-84. [PMID: 25600299 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The SANI(®) process (Sulfate reduction, Autotrophic denitrification and Nitrification Integrated) is a treatment system with low energy demands. The major bioreactor of this new technology is a sulfate-reducing up-flow sludge bed (SRUSB) that converts organics and provides electron donors for subsequent autotrophic denitrification. This research characterizes the granules inside the SRUSB, with the aim of improving its efficiency, maximizing its operational flexibility, and minimizing its footprint. The unique sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) granules serving in the SRUSB were found to increase the resilience and compactness of the SRUSB. The granules, with a compact and porous structure, showed high cohesion resisting breakage with a shear force G > 3400 s(-1). The hydrophobicity of the external surface of the mature granules remained stable at around 70% and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) accumulated at the bottom of the SRUSB. 16s rRNA gene analysis of the microbial communities revealed that Desulfobulbus (42.1%), Prosthecochloris (19%) and Trichococcus (12%) dominated the mature granular sludge. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) further showed that SRB organisms were located internally and then surrounded by non-SRB. According to the FISH results, the spatial distribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) displayed protein and α-polysaccharides in the exterior and β-polysaccharide in the core of the granules. Such biological structure suggests that each SRB granule acts as an efficient and independent unit, capable of achieving both fermentation and organic conversion. The present investigation sheds light on the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the SRB granulate. This information provides valuable information for scaling-up the SANI(®) process to treat real saline sewage in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jinghai Luo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Rulong Liu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guillermo Rey Morito
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; SYSU-HKUST Research Centre for Innovative Environmental Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Effect and behaviour of different substrates in relation to the formation of aerobic granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5257-68. [PMID: 25616527 PMCID: PMC4445487 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
When aerobic granular sludge is applied for industrial wastewater treatment, different soluble substrates can be present. For stable granular sludge formation on volatile fatty acids (e.g. acetate), production of storage polymers under anaerobic feeding conditions has been shown to be important. This prevents direct aerobic growth on readily available chemical oxygen demand (COD), which is thought to result in unstable granule formation. Here, we investigate the impact of acetate, methanol, butanol, propanol, propionaldehyde, and valeraldehyde on granular sludge formation at 35 °C. Methanogenic archaea, growing on methanol, were present in the aerobic granular sludge system. Methanol was completely converted to methane and carbon dioxide by the methanogenic archaeum Methanomethylovorans uponensis during the 1-h anaerobic feeding period, despite the relative high dissolved oxygen concentration (3.5 mg O2 L(-1)) during the subsequent 2-h aeration period. Propionaldehyde and valeraldehyde were fully disproportionated anaerobically into their corresponding carboxylic acids and alcohols. The organic acids produced were converted to storage polymers, while the alcohols (produced and from influent) were absorbed onto the granular sludge matrix and converted aerobically. Our observations show that easy biodegradable substrates not converted anaerobically into storage polymers could lead to unstable granular sludge formation. However, when the easy biodegradable COD is absorbed in the granules and/or when the substrate is converted by relatively slow growing bacteria in the aerobic period, stable granulation can occur.
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29
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Tiron O, Bumbac C, Patroescu IV, Badescu VR, Postolache C. Granular activated algae for wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:832-839. [PMID: 25812091 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study used activated algae granules for low-strength wastewater treatment in sequential batch mode. Each treatment cycle was conducted within 24 h in a bioreactor exposed to 235 μmol/m²/s light intensity. Wastewater treatment was performed mostly in aerobic conditions, oxygen being provided by microalgae. High removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was achieved (86-98%) in the first hours of the reaction phase, during which the indicator's removal rate was 17.4 ± 3.9 mg O₂/g h; NH(4)(+) was removed during organic matter degradation processes with a rate of 1.8 ± 0.6 mg/g h. After almost complete COD removal, the (O⁺) remaining in the liquor was removed through nitrification processes promoted by the increase of the liquor's oxygen saturation (O₂%), the transformation rate of NH4(+) into NO(3)(-) increasing from 0.14 ± 0.05 to 1.5 ± 0.4 mg NH4(+)/g h, along with an O₂% increase. A wide removal efficiency was achieved in the case of PO(4)(3)(-) (11-85%), with the indicator's removal rate being 1.3 ± 0.7 mg/g h. In the provided optimum conditions, the occurrence of the denitrifying activity was also noticed. A large pH variation was registered (5-8.5) during treatment cycles. The granular activated algae system proved to be a promising alternative for wastewater treatment as it also sustains cost-efficient microalgae harvesting, with microalgae recovery efficiency ranging between 99.85 and 99.99% after granules settling with a velocity of 19 ± 3.6 m/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tiron
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania E-mail: ; Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095, Sector 5, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Bumbac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - I V Patroescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - V R Badescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, 060652, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - C Postolache
- Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei Street, 050095, Sector 5, Bucharest, Romania
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30
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Erşan YÇ, Erguder TH. The effect of seed sludge type on aerobic granulation via anoxic-aerobic operation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2928-2939. [PMID: 25189840 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.925513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two seed sludge types, namely conventional activated sludge (CAS) and membrane bioreactor sludge (MBS), on aerobic granulation were investigated. The treatment performances of the reactors were monitored during and after the granulation. Operational period of 37 days was described in three phases; Phase 1 corresponds to Days 1-10, Phase 2 (overloading conditions) to Days 11-27 and Phase 3 (recovery) to Days 28-37. Aerobic granules of 0.56 ± 0.23 to 2.48 ± 1.28 mm were successfully developed from both MBS and CAS. First granules appeared on Day 9 in both reactors, indicating that there was no difference between two seed sludge types in terms of the time period for granulation initiation. The results revealed that the granules developed from MBS performed better than CAS in terms of settleability, stability, biomass retention, adaptation, protection of granular structure at high loading rates (0.86 g N/L d and 3.92 g COD/L d) and low COD/TAN ratio (5). Granules of MBS were also found to be capable of providing better protection for nitrifiers at toxic free-ammonia concentrations (38-46 mg/L NH3-N), thus showing better treatment recovery than those of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Çağatay Erşan
- a Environmental Engineering Department , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
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31
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Lu HF, Ji QX, Ding S, Zheng P. The morphological and settling properties of ANAMMOX granular sludge in high-rate reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:592-597. [PMID: 23835264 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Digital macro photography and settling tests were carried out to investigate the morphological and settling characteristics of ANAMMOX granules in a high-rate reactor. The ANAMMOX granules could be divided into settling and floating granules. The settling granules with an average diameter of 2.96±0.99 mm were smaller than the floating granules with an average diameter of 4.58±1.22 mm. A settling model was established and validated to correlate the settling velocity with the density (ρG), mass shape factor (ψmass), shape-correction factor (characterized by sphericity (Φ(')) or roundness (ξ)) and projected area equivalent sphere diameter (dP) of ANAMMOX granules. The sphericity was more suitable than the roundness for describing the settling behavior. The sensitivity of four parameters was in the order of ρG,ψmass, dP and Φ('). Based on the settling model, ANAMMOX granules with diameter of 1.75-4.00 mm were supposed to be optimal for the ANAMMOX process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-feng Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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32
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Ma J, Quan X, Li H. Application of high OLR-fed aerobic granules for the treatment of low-strength wastewater: performance, granule morphology and microbial community. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:1549-1556. [PMID: 24520692 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granules, pre-cultivated at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.0 kg COD/(m3 x day), were used to treat low-strength wastewater in two sequencing batch reactors at low OLRs of 1.2 and 0.6 kg COD/(m3 x day), respectively. Reactor performance, evolution of granule morphology, structure and microbial community at low OLRs under long-term operation (130 days) were investigated. Results showed that low OLRs did not cause significant damage to granule structure as a dominant granule morphology with size over 540 microm was maintained throughout the operation. Aerobic granules at sizes of about 750 microm were finally obtained at the low OLRs. The granule reactors operated at low OLRs demonstrated effective COD and ammonia removals (above 90%), smaller granule sizes and less biomass. The contents of extracellular polymeric substances in the granules were decreased while the ratios of exopolysaccharide/exoprotein were increased (above 1.0). The granules cultivated at the low OLRs showed a smoother surface and more compact structure than the seeded granules. A significant shift in microbial community was observed but the microbial diversity remained relatively stable. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy observation showed that the live cells were spread throughout the whole granule, while the dead cells were mainly concentrated in the outer layer of the granule, and the proteins, polysaccharides and lipids were mainly located in the central regime of the granule. In conclusion, granules cultivated at high OLRs show potential for treating low-strength organic wastewater steadily under long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiangchun Quan
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huai Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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33
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An P, Xu X, Yang F, Li Z. Comparison of the characteristics of anammox granules of different sizes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Cho SK, Hwang YH, Kim DH, Jeong IS, Shin HS, Oh SE. Low strength ultrasonication positively affects the methanogenic granules toward higher AD performance. Part I: physico-chemical characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:66-72. [PMID: 23563439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the correlation between enhanced biogas production and changed physico-chemical properties of methanogenic granules after low strength ultrasonication, in this study, the effects of low strength ultrasonication on the settling velocity, permeability, porosity, and fluid collection efficiency of the methanogenic granules were investigated. In addition, their morphological changes were visualized using a scanning electron microscopic technique. The experimental results indicate that low strength ultrasonication increased both the permeability (37%) and specific surface area (230%) of the granules through the generation of greater craters and cracks on the granular surface compared to the control granules. The penetration of nutrients and substrate into the granules was thereby enhanced, and more favorable conditions for achieving higher anaerobic performance were provided to the ultrasonicated granules. The microbial community shift caused by the changed physico-chemical properties of the methanogenic granules will be further analyzed in part II of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Kyung Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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35
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Abstract
Based on grey entropy analysis, the relational grade of operational parameters with aerobic granular sludge's granulation indicators was studied. The former consisted of settling time (ST), aeration time (AT), superficial gas velocity (SGV), height/diameter (H/D) ratio and organic loading rates (OLR), the latter included sludge volume index (SVI) and set-up time. The calculated result showed that for SVI and set-up time, the influence orders and the corresponding grey entropy relational grades (GERG) were: SGV (0.9935) > AT (0.9921) > OLR (0.9894) > ST (0.9876) > H/D (0.9857) and SGV (0.9928) > H/D (0.9914) > AT (0.9909) > OLR (0.9897) > ST (0.9878). The chosen parameters were all key impact factors as each GERG was larger than 0.98. SGV played an important role in improving SVI transformation and facilitating the set-up process. The influence of ST on SVI and set-up time was relatively low due to its dual functions. SVI transformation and rapid set-up demanded different optimal H/D ratio scopes (10-20 and 16-20). Meanwhile, different functions could be obtained through adjusting certain factors' scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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36
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Lotito AM, Di Iaconi C, Lotito V. Physical characterisation of the sludge produced in a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:5316-5326. [PMID: 22819872 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (SBBGR) is a recently developed biological wastewater treatment technology characterised by a very low sludge production, among other numerous advantages. Even if costs for sludge treatment and disposal are mainly dependent on the amount of sludge produced, sludge properties, especially those linked to solid-liquid separation, play a key role as well. In fact, such properties deeply influence the type of treatments sludge has to undergo before disposal and the final achievable solids concentration, strongly affecting treatment and disposal costs. As sludge from SBBGR is a special mixture of biofilm and aerobic granules, no information is available so far on its treatability. This study addresses the characterisation of the sludge produced from SBBGR in terms of some physical properties (settling properties, dewaterability, rheology). The results show that such sludge is characterised by good settling and dewatering properties, adding a new advantage for the full-scale application of SBBGR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maria Lotito
- Department of Water Engineering and Chemistry, Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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37
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Khan MZ, Mondal PK, Sabir S. Aerobic granulation for wastewater bioremediation: A review. CAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Filali A, Mañas A, Mercade M, Bessière Y, Biscans B, Spérandio M. Stability and performance of two GSBR operated in alternating anoxic/aerobic or anaerobic/aerobic conditions for nutrient removal. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Gao DW, Liu L, Liang H. Influence of aeration intensity on mature aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:4213-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Lorestani AAZ, Bashiri H, Asadi A, Bonakdari H. Comparison of different fluid dynamics in activated sludge system for the treatment of a stimulated milk processing wastewater: Process analysis and optimization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-012-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Aerobic Granulation: Advances and Challenges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:1622-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Muda K, Aris A, Salim MR, Ibrahim Z, van Loosdrecht MCM, Ahmad A, Nawahwi MZ. The effect of hydraulic retention time on granular sludge biomass in treating textile wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:4711-4721. [PMID: 21714982 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The physical characteristics, microbial activities and kinetic properties of the granular sludge biomass were investigated under the influence of different hydraulic retention times (HRT) along with the performance of the system in removal of color and COD of synthetic textile wastewater. The study was conducted in a column reactor operated according to a sequential batch reactor with a sequence of anaerobic and aerobic reaction phases. Six stages of different HRTs and different anaerobic and aerobic reaction time were evaluated. It was observed that the increase in HRT resulted in the reduction of organic loading rate (OLR). This has caused a decrease in biomass concentration (MLSS), reduction in mean size of the granules, lowered the settling ability of the granules and reduction of oxygen uptake rate (OUR), overall specific biomass growth rate (ìoverall), endogeneous decay rate (kd) and biomass yield (Yobs, Y). When the OLR was increased by adding carbon sources (glucose, sodium acetate and ethanol), there was a slight increase in the MLSS, the granules mean size, ìoverall, and biomass yield. Under high HRT, increasing the anaerobic to aerobic reaction time ratio caused an increase in the concentration of MLSS, mean size of granules and lowered the SVI value and biomass yield. The ìoverall and biomass yield increased with the reduction in anaerobic/aerobic time ratio. The HRT of 24 h with anaerobic and aerobic reaction time of 17.8 and 5.8 h respectively appear to be the best cycle operation of SBR. Under these conditions, not only the physical properties of the biogranules have improved, the highest removal of color (i.e. 94.1±0.6%) and organics (i.e. 86.5±0.5%) of the synthetic textile dyeing wastewater have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Muda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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43
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Li X, Gao D, Liang H, Liu L, Fu Y. Phosphorus removal characteristics of granular and flocculent sludge in SBR. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:231-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Huang L, Yang T, Wang W, Zhang B, Sun Y. Effect of Mn2+ augmentation on reinforcing aerobic sludge granulation in a sequencing batch reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2615-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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45
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Gao D, Liu L, Liang H, Wu WM. Comparison of four enhancement strategies for aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:320-327. [PMID: 21111533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granules were developed in four identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) with synthetic wastewater to compare different strategies for the enhancement of granulation. The SBRs were operated by (a) increasing organic loading rate in R1; (b) reducing settling time in R2; (c) extending starvation period in R3; and (d) increasing shear force in R4. The results showed that four operational strategies were able to enhance aerobic granulation successfully in SBR, but that also showed different effect on the granulation process and characteristics of mature aerobic granules. The rapidest granulation was observed by using short settling time (R2) and the granules had higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) than other reactors. Extended starvation period (R3) and high shear force (R4) resulted in longer granulation period and the granules with higher integrity and smaller size. Higher organic loading rate (R1) resulted in the granules with larger size and higher K value. The maximum specific COD removal rates (q(max)) of the granules in all SBRs were at a similar level (0.13-0.16 g COD/h-g VSS) but the granules in R1 and R2 had higher apparent half rate constant (K) of 18 and 16 mg/L, than those in R3 and R4 (2.8 and 3.3 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Gao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China.
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46
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Liu L, Sheng GP, Li WW, Zeng RJ, Yu HQ. Experimental and numerical analysis of the hydrodynamic behaviors of aerobic granules. AIChE J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Ni BJ, Yu HQ. Mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:895-909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Lee DJ, Chen YY, Show KY, Whiteley CG, Tay JH. Advances in aerobic granule formation and granule stability in the course of storage and reactor operation. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:919-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Gao D, Liu L, Liang H, Wu WM. Aerobic granular sludge: characterization, mechanism of granulation and application to wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 31:137-52. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.497961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Liu L, Gao DW, Zhang M, Fu Y. Comparison of Ca2+ and Mg2+ enhancing aerobic granulation in SBR. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 181:382-387. [PMID: 20537460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated to investigate the effect of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) augmentation on aerobic granulation. Reactor R1 was augmented with Ca(2+) at 40 mg/L, while Mg(2+) was added to the reactor R2 with 40 mg/L. Results showed that the reactor R1 had a faster granulation process compared with R2, and the mature granules in R1 showed better physical characteristics. However, the mature granules in R2 had the higher production yield of polysaccharides and proteins, and aerobic granules in R2 experienced a faster substrate biodegradation. Microbial and genetic characteristics in mature granules were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques. The results revealed that Mg(2+) addition led to higher microbial diversity in mature granules. In addition, an uncultured bacterium (AB447697) was major specie in R1, and beta-proteobacterium was dominant in R2. It can be concluded that Ca(2+) had an important effect on physical properties of aerobic granules, while Mg(2+) played a key role on biological properties during the sludge granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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