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Marivate A, Njengele-Tetyana Z, Fish MQ, Mosebi S. Recombinant expression, purification, and characterization of full-length human BST-2 from Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 188:105969. [PMID: 34500069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 virus release from infected cells is blocked by human BST-2, but HIV-1 Vpu efficiently antagonises BST-2 due to direct transmembrane domain interactions that occur between each protein. Targeting the interaction between these two proteins is seen as viable for HIV-1 antiviral intervention. This study describes the successful over-expression and purification of a recombinant full-length human BST-2 from inclusion bodies using affinity and anion exchange chromatography. Two milligrams of purified full-length BST-2 were produced per litre of BL21 (DE3) T7 Express® pLysY E. coli culture. Far-UV circular dichroism validated the renaturing of the recombinant protein and retention of its secondary structure. Furthermore, through ELISA, a known human BST-2 binding partner, HIV-1 Vpu, was shown to bind to the renatured and purified protein, further validating its folding. To our knowledge this is the first report of the purification of a wild-type, full-length human BST-2 from Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amukelani Marivate
- Biomedical Group, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg, 2125, South Africa.
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim Fish
- Biomedical Group, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg, 2125, South Africa
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Design of Experiments As a Tool for Optimization in Recombinant Protein Biotechnology: From Constructs to Crystals. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:873-891. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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3
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Joachim M, Maguire N, Schäfer J, Gerlach D, Czermak P. Process Intensification for an Insect Antimicrobial Peptide Elastin-Like Polypeptide Fusion Produced in Redox-Engineered Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:150. [PMID: 31316976 PMCID: PMC6610315 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins containing disulfide bonds can be produced in Escherichia coli by targeting the oxidizing periplasm, co-expressing isomerases or chaperons, refolding from inclusion bodies, or by using redox-engineered E. coli strains. Thus far, protein expression in glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase deficient (Δgor ΔtrxB) E. coli strains has required a complex medium. However, a chemically defined medium suitable for large-scale production would be preferable for industrial applications. Recently, we developed a minimal medium supplemented with iron (M9i) for high-density cultivation using E. coli Rosetta gami B(DE3)pLysS cells. Here we show that M9i is suitable for the production of insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI), which contains five disulfide bonds, in the same E. coli strain. We demonstrated the scalability of the new fed-batch process by combining the scale-up criteria of constant dissolved oxygen (DO) and matching volumetric power inputs (P/V) at the borders of the stirrer cascade. Process intensification was achieved by investigating production feed rates and different induction times. We improved product titers by ~200-fold compared to the standard process in complex medium while maintaining the activity of the IMPI protein. Our results show for the first time that it is possible to produce active proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds in a Δgor ΔtrxB E. coli strain using M9i medium. The success of scale-up and process intensification shows that the industrial production of complex recombinant proteins in such strains using chemically defined M9i minimal medium is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Joachim
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Maguire
- Department of Bioresources of Fraunhofer, Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schäfer
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Gerlach
- Department of Bioresources of Fraunhofer, Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Bioresources of Fraunhofer, Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Giessen, Germany
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Optimization of cell culture and cell disruption processes to enhance the production of thermophilic cellulase FnCel5A in E.coli using response surface methodology. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210595. [PMID: 30653549 PMCID: PMC6336418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FnCel5A from Fervidobacterium nodosum is one of the most thermostable endoglucanases that have phenomenal characteristics, such as high activity, pH stability, and multi-specificity towards various substrates. However, large-scale thermophilic enzyme production is still a challenge. Herein, we focus on an optimization approach based on response surface methodology to improve the production of this enzyme. First, a Box-Behnken design was used to examine physiochemical parameters such as induction temperatures, isopropylβ-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside concentrations and induction times on the heterogeneous expression of FnCel5A gene in E. coli. The best culture was collected after adding 0.56 mM IPTG and incubating it for 29.5 h at 24°C. The highest enzymatic activity observed was 3.31 IU/mL. Second, an economical "thermolysis" cell lysis method for the liberation of the enzymes was also optimized using Box-Behnken design. The optimal levels of the variables were temperature 77°C, pH 7.71, and incubation time of 20 min, which gave about 74.3% higher activity than the well-established bead-milling cell disruption method. The maximum productivity of FnCel5A achieved (5772 IU/L) illustrated that its production increased significantly after combining both optimal models. This strategy can be scaled-up readily for overproduction of FnCel5A from recombinant E.coli to facilitate its usage in biomass energy production.
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Efficient Biosynthesis of Xylitol from Xylose by Coexpression of Xylose Reductase and Glucose Dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1143-1157. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Antoniou G, Papakyriacou I, Papaneophytou C. Optimization of Soluble Expression and Purification of Recombinant Human Rhinovirus Type-14 3C Protease Using Statistically Designed Experiments: Isolation and Characterization of the Enzyme. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:407-424. [PMID: 28801725 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease is widely used in recombinant protein production for various applications such as biochemical characterization and structural biology projects to separate recombinant fusion proteins from their affinity tags in order to prevent interference between these tags and the target proteins. Herein, we report the optimization of expression and purification conditions of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged HRV 3C protease by statistically designed experiments. Soluble expression of GST-HRV 3C protease was initially optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), and a 5.5-fold increase in enzyme yield was achieved. Subsequently, we developed a new incomplete factorial (IF) design that examines four variables (bacterial strain, expression temperature, induction time, and inducer concentration) in a single experiment. The new design called Incomplete Factorial-Strain/Temperature/Time/Inducer (IF-STTI) was validated using three GST-tagged proteins. In all cases, IF-STTI resulted in only 10% lower expression yields than those obtained by RSM. Purification of GST-HRV 3C was optimized by an IF design that examines simultaneously the effect of the amount of resin, incubation time of cell lysate with resin, and glycerol and DTT concentration in buffers, and a further 15% increase in protease recovery was achieved. Purified GST-HRV 3C protease was active at both 4 and 25 °C in a variety of buffers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Antoniou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irineos Papakyriacou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Papaneophytou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Ave., 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Expression and Secretion of Endostar Protein by Escherichia Coli: Optimization of Culture Conditions Using the Response Surface Methodology. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:634-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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von Stosch M, Hamelink JM, Oliveira R. Hybrid modeling as a QbD/PAT tool in process development: an industrial E. coli case study. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:773-84. [PMID: 26879643 PMCID: PMC4839057 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Process understanding is emphasized in the process analytical technology initiative and the quality by design paradigm to be essential for manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products with consistent high quality. A typical approach to developing a process understanding is applying a combination of design of experiments with statistical data analysis. Hybrid semi-parametric modeling is investigated as an alternative method to pure statistical data analysis. The hybrid model framework provides flexibility to select model complexity based on available data and knowledge. Here, a parametric dynamic bioreactor model is integrated with a nonparametric artificial neural network that describes biomass and product formation rates as function of varied fed-batch fermentation conditions for high cell density heterologous protein production with E. coli. Our model can accurately describe biomass growth and product formation across variations in induction temperature, pH and feed rates. The model indicates that while product expression rate is a function of early induction phase conditions, it is negatively impacted as productivity increases. This could correspond with physiological changes due to cytoplasmic product accumulation. Due to the dynamic nature of the model, rational process timing decisions can be made and the impact of temporal variations in process parameters on product formation and process performance can be assessed, which is central for process understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz von Stosch
- CEAM, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK. .,REQUIMTE/DQ, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | | | - Rui Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/DQ, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Papaneophytou C, Kontopidis G. A comparison of statistical approaches used for the optimization of soluble protein expression in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 120:126-37. [PMID: 26721705 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During a discovery project of potential inhibitors for three proteins, TNF-α, RANKL and HO-1, implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, significant amounts of purified proteins were required. The application of statistically designed experiments for screening and optimization of induction conditions allows rapid identification of the important factors and interactions between them. We have previously used response surface methodology (RSM) for the optimization of soluble expression of TNF-α and RANKL. In this work, we initially applied RSM for the optimization of recombinant HO-1 and a 91% increase of protein production was achieved. Subsequently, we slightly modified a published incomplete factorial approach (called IF1) in order to evaluate the effect of three expression variables (bacterial strains, induction temperatures and culture media) on soluble expression levels of the three tested proteins. However, soluble expression yields of TNF-α and RANKL obtained by the IF1 method were significantly lower (<50%) than those obtained by RSM. We further modified the IF1 approach by replacing the culture media with induction times and the resulted method called IF-STT (Incomplete Factorial-Stain/Temperature/Time) was validated using the three proteins. Interestingly, soluble expression levels of the three proteins obtained by IF-STT were only 1.2-fold lower than those obtained by RSM. Although RSM is probably the best approach for optimization of biological processes, the IF-STT is faster, it examines the most important factors (bacterial strain, temperature and time) influencing protein soluble expression in a single experiment, and can be used in any recombinant protein expression project as a starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Papaneophytou
- Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, Karditsa 43100, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH.), The Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.TH.), Dimitriados 95 & Paulou Mela, Volos 383 33, Greece
| | - George Kontopidis
- Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, Karditsa 43100, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology of Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH.), The Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.TH.), Dimitriados 95 & Paulou Mela, Volos 383 33, Greece.
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Larentis AL, Nicolau JFMQ, Esteves GDS, Vareschini DT, de Almeida FVR, dos Reis MG, Galler R, Medeiros MA. Evaluation of pre-induction temperature, cell growth at induction and IPTG concentration on the expression of a leptospiral protein in E. coli using shaking flasks and microbioreactor. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:671. [PMID: 25252618 PMCID: PMC4190419 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptospirosis is a zoonose that is increasingly endemic in built-up areas, especially where there are communities living in precarious housing with poor or non-existent sanitation infrastructure. Leptospirosis can kill, for its symptoms are easily confused with those of other diseases. As such, a rapid diagnosis is required so it can be treated effectively. A test for leptospirosis diagnosis using Leptospira Immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins is currently at final validation at Fiocruz. Results In this work, the process for expression of LigB (131-645aa) in E. coli BL21 (DE3)Star™/pAE was evaluated. No significant difference was found for the experiments at two different pre-induction temperatures (28°C and 37°C). Then, the strain was cultivated at 37°C until IPTG addition, followed by induction at 28°C, thereby reducing the overall process time. Under this condition, expression was assessed using central composite design for two variables: cell growth at which LigB (131-645aa) was induced (absorbance at 600 nm between 0.75 and 2.0) and inducer concentration (0.1 mM to 1 mM IPTG). Both variables influenced cell growth and protein expression. Induction at the final exponential growth phase in shaking flasks with Absind
= 2.0 yielded higher cell concentrations and LigB (131-645aa) productivities. IPTG concentration had a negative effect and could be ten-fold lower than the concentration commonly used in molecular biology (1 mM), while keeping expression at similar levels and inducing less damage to cell growth. The expression of LigB (131-645aa) was associated with cell growth. The induction at the end of the exponential phase using 0.1 mM IPTG at 28°C for 4 h was also performed in microbioreactors, reaching higher cell densities and 970 mg/L protein. LigB (131-645aa) was purified by nickel affinity chromatography with 91% homogeneity. Conclusions It was possible to assess the effects and interactions of the induction variables on the expression of soluble LigB (131-645aa) using experimental design, with a view to improving process productivity and reducing the production costs of a rapid test for leptospirosis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Leites Larentis
- Fiocruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Vice Directory of Technological Development, Laboratory of Recombinant Technologies (LATER), Av, Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21,040-360, Brazil.
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Chen H, Jiang P, Li F, Wu H. Improving production of thermostable and fluorescent holo-β-allophycocyanin by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli using response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:730-41. [PMID: 25181561 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.943374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A stable fluorescent holo-β-allophycocyanin (holo-ApcB) was produced by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. The E. coli cells harbored two plasmids for expression of five genes that were involved in the holo-ApcB production. Response surface methodology was employed to investigate the individual and interactive effects of four variables, i.e., initial pH of culture medium, IPTG concentration, post-induction temperature, and induction start time, on holo-ApcB production by E. coli. The experimental results showed that the IPTG concentration, postinduction temperature, and induction start time had significant individual effects on holo-ApcB production. A significant interactive effect was also found between the initial pH of culture and induction start time. The maximum holo-ApcB production of 45.3 mg/L was predicted under the following optimized culture conditions: a postinduction temperature of 28.4°C, initial pH of culture of 7.3, IPTG concentration of 1.1 mM, and postinduction time of 66 min. Holo-ApcB production under the optimized culture conditions increased 5.8-fold, compared with that under the nonoptimized conditions. Response surface methodology proved to be a valuable tool for optimization of holo-ApcB production by metabolically engineered E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
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Fang XJ, Tang ZX, Li ZH, Zhang ZL, Shi LE. Production of a new non-specific nuclease from Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica: optimization of induction conditions using response surface methodology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:559-566. [PMID: 26019543 PMCID: PMC4433914 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.915612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A new non-specific nuclease from Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica (Y. NSN) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL 21 StarTM (DE3)plysS. Induction conditions, including isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) concentration, cell density (OD600), induction time and induction temperature, were optimized using response surface methodology. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that induction temperature and all the quadratic terms of variables had significant effects on enzyme activity of Y. NSN. The optimal induction conditions were as follows: 1.5 mmol/L IPTG, OD600 of 0.80, induction time of 20.5 h, and induction temperature of 32 °C. Under the optimized conditions, the highest enzyme activity could be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Xing Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P.R. China ; Date Palm Research Center, King Faisal University , Al-hasa , Saudi Arabia ; Department of Food Science, Anqing Vocational & Technical College , Anqing , Anhui , P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Liang Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P.R. China
| | - Lu-E Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P.R. China
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Marini G, Luchese MD, Argondizzo APC, de Góes ACMA, Galler R, Alves TLM, Medeiros MA, Larentis AL. Experimental design approach in recombinant protein expression: determining medium composition and induction conditions for expression of pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae in Escherichia coli and preliminary purification process. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:1. [PMID: 24400649 PMCID: PMC3897902 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) causes several serious diseases including pneumonia, septicemia and meningitis. The World Health Organization estimates that streptococcal pneumonia is the cause of approximately 1.9 million deaths of children under five years of age each year. The large number of serotypes underlying the disease spectrum, which would be reflected in the high production cost of a commercial vaccine effective to protect against all of them and the higher level of amino acid sequence conservation as compared to polysaccharide structure, has prompted us to attempt to use conserved proteins for the development of a simpler vaccine. One of the most prominent proteins is pneumolysin (Ply), present in almost all the serotypes known at the moment, which shows an effective protection against S. pneumoniae infections. Results We have cloned the pneumolysin gene from S. pneumoniae serotype 14 and studied the effects of eight variables related to medium composition and induction conditions on the soluble expression of rPly in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and a 28-4 factorial design was applied. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the conditions used to evaluate the expression of soluble pneumolysin; rPly activity was evaluated by hemolytic activity assay and served as the main response to evaluate the proper protein expression and folding. The optimized conditions, validated by the use of triplicates, include growth until an absorbance of 0.8 (measured at 600 nm) with 0.1 mM IPTG during 4 h at 25°C in a 5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L tryptone, 10 g/L NaCl, 1 g/L glucose medium, with addition of 30 μg/mL kanamycin. Conclusions This experimental design methodology allowed the development of an adequate process condition to attain high levels (250 mg/L) of soluble expression of functional rPly in E. coli, which should contribute to reduce operational costs. It was possible to recover the protein in its active form with 75% homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Marini
- Bio-Manguinhos (Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos) - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) - VDTEC (Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico), Av, Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Rockfeller Sala 202 - 21040-360, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Papaneophytou CP, Kontopidis G. Statistical approaches to maximize recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: a general review. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 94:22-32. [PMID: 24211770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The supply of many valuable proteins that have potential clinical or industrial use is often limited by their low natural availability. With the modern advances in genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics, the number of proteins being produced using recombinant techniques is exponentially increasing and seems to guarantee an unlimited supply of recombinant proteins. The demand of recombinant proteins has increased as more applications in several fields become a commercial reality. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most widely used expression system for the production of recombinant proteins for structural and functional studies. However, producing soluble proteins in E. coli is still a major bottleneck for structural biology projects. One of the most challenging steps in any structural biology project is predicting which protein or protein fragment will express solubly and purify for crystallographic studies. The production of soluble and active proteins is influenced by several factors including expression host, fusion tag, induction temperature and time. Statistical designed experiments are gaining success in the production of recombinant protein because they provide information on variable interactions that escape the "one-factor-at-a-time" method. Here, we review the most important factors affecting the production of recombinant proteins in a soluble form. Moreover, we provide information about how the statistical design experiments can increase protein yield and purity as well as find conditions for crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P Papaneophytou
- Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, Karditsa 43100, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology - Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH.), The Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.TH.), Technology Park of Thessaly, 1st Industrial Area, Volos 38500, Greece
| | - George Kontopidis
- Veterinary School, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, Karditsa 43100, Greece; Institute for Research and Technology - Thessaly (I.RE.TE.TH.), The Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CE.R.TH.), Technology Park of Thessaly, 1st Industrial Area, Volos 38500, Greece.
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Cao Y, Wang W, Xu Y, Yang B, Wang Y. Enzymatic synthesis of extremely pure triacylglycerols enriched in conjugated linoleic acids. Molecules 2013; 18:9704-16. [PMID: 23945644 PMCID: PMC6270589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was objectively targeted to synthesize extremely pure triacylglycerols (TAG) enriched in conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) for medical and dietetic purposes. Extremely pure CLA-enriched TAG was successfully synthesized by using the multi-step process: TAG was primarily synthesized by lipase-catalyzed esterification of CLA and glycerol and then the lower glycerides [monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG)] in the esterification mixtures was hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FFAs) by a mono- and di-acylglycerol lipase (lipase SMG1), finally, the FFAs were further separated from TAG by low temperature (150 °C) molecular distillation. The operation parameters for the lipase SMG1-catalyzed hydrolysis were optimized using response surface methodology based on the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The operation parameters included water content, pH and reaction temperature and all of these three parameters showed significant effects on the hydrolysis of lower glycerides. The optimal conditions were obtained with a water content of 66.4% (w/w, with respect to oil mass), pH at 5.7 and 1 h of reaction time at 19.6 °C. Under these conditions, the content of lower glycerides in the reaction mixture decreased from 45.2% to 0.3% and the purity of CLA-enriched TAG reached 99.7%. Further purification of TAG was accomplished by molecular distillation and the final CLA-enriched TAG product yielded 99.8% of TAG. These extremely pure CLA-enriched TAG would be used for in vivo studies in animals and humans in order to get specific information concerning CLA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.W.), (B.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-8711-3842 (Y.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-3938-0696 (B.Y.)
| | - Yonghua Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Y.W.), (B.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-8711-3842 (Y.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-3938-0696 (B.Y.)
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Papaneophytou CP, Kontopidis GA. Optimization of TNF-α overexpression in Escherichia coli using response surface methodology: Purification of the protein and oligomerization studies. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 86:35-44. [PMID: 22989548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is responsible for many autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Chron's disease, stroke, and atherosclerosis. Thus, inhibition of TNF-α is a major challenge in drug discovery. However, a sufficient amount of purified protein is needed for the in vitro screening of potential TNF-α inhibitors. In this work, induction conditions for the production of human TNF-α fusion protein in a soluble form by recombinant Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pLysS were optimized using response surface methodology based on the central composite design. The induction conditions included cell density prior induction (OD(600nm)), post-induction temperature, IPTG concentration and post-induction time. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that all variables and their interactions had significant impact on production of soluble TNF-α. An 11% increase of TNF-α production was achieved after determination of the optimum induction conditions: OD(600nm) prior induction 0.55, a post induction temperature of 25°C, an IPTG concentration of 1mM and a post-induction time of 4h. We have also studied TNF-α oligomerization, the major property of this protein, and a K(d) value of 0.26nM for protein dimerization was determined. The concentration of where protein trimerization occurred was also detected. However, we failed to determine a reliable K(d) value for protein trimerization probably due to the complexibility of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos P Papaneophytou
- The Centre for Research and Technology of Thessaly, 3rd km Karditsa-Mitropolis, Karditsa 43100, Greece
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Muntari B, Amid A, Mel M, Jami MS, Salleh HM. Recombinant bromelain production in Escherichia coli: process optimization in shake flask culture by response surface methodology. AMB Express 2012; 2:12. [PMID: 22336426 PMCID: PMC3293749 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromelain, a cysteine protease with various therapeutic and industrial applications, was expressed in Escherichia coli, BL21-AI clone, under different cultivation conditions (post-induction temperature, L-arabinose concentration and post-induction period). The optimized conditions by response surface methodology using face centered central composite design were 0.2% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 25°C. The analysis of variance coupled with larger value of R2 (0.989) showed that the quadratic model used for the prediction was highly significant (p < 0.05). Under the optimized conditions, the model produced bromelain activity of 9.2 U/mg while validation experiments gave bromelain activity of 9.6 ± 0.02 U/mg at 0.15% (w/v) L-arabinose, 8 hr and 27°C. This study had innovatively developed cultivation conditions for better production of recombinant bromelain in shake flask culture.
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Yoon S, Hong E, Kim S, Lee P, Kim M, Yang H, Ryu Y. Optimization of culture medium for enhanced production of exopolysaccharide from Aureobasidium pullulans. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:167-72. [PMID: 21915672 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides produced by microorganisms are utilized for a variety of purposes, including the use in cosmetics and as food additives. More recently, polysaccharides have been exploited by the medical and pharmaceutical industries, and those originated from many species of mushrooms have been especially useful in industrial applications; however, the production and synthesis of these compounds is costly and time consuming. In this study, we developed a method for low-cost production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) that effectively screens components and optimizes medium composition using statistical methods (Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design). As a result, we obtained the following optimized medium: sucrose 165.73 g/L, sodium nitrate 3.08 g/L, dipotassium phosphate 1.00 g/L, potassium chloride 0.50 g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.50 g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.01 g/L, and 0.71 g/L of Ashbya gossypii extract. The maximum production of about 29 g/L EPS was achieved in the optimized medium during 84 h batch fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoung Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Program, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
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Larentis AL, Sampaio HDCC, Martins OB, Rodrigues MI, Alves TLM. Influence of induction conditions on the expression of carbazole dioxygenase components (CarAa, CarAc, and CarAd) from Pseudomonas stutzeri in recombinant Escherichia coli using experimental design. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 38:1045-54. [PMID: 20953895 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase (CarA), the first enzyme in the carbazole degradation pathway used by Pseudomonas sp., was expressed in E. coli under different conditions defined by experimental design. This enzyme depends on the coexistence of three components containing [2Fe-2S] clusters: CarAa, CarAc, and CarAd. The catalytic site is present in CarAa. The genes corresponding to components of carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase from P. stutzeri were cloned and expressed by salt induction in E. coli BL21-SI (a host that allows the enhancement of overexpressed proteins in the soluble fraction), using the vector pDEST™14. The expression of these proteins was performed under different induction conditions (cell concentration, temperature, and time), with the help of two-level factorial design. Cell concentration at induction (measured by absorbance at 600 nm) was tested at 0.5 and 0.8. After salt induction, expression was performed at 30 and 37°C, for 4 h and 24 h. Protein expression was evaluated by densitometry analysis. Expression of CarAa was enhanced by induction at a lower cell concentration and temperature and over a longer time, according to the analysis of the experimental design results. The results were validated at Abs (ind) = 0.3, 25°C, and 24 h, at which CarAa expression was three times higher than under the standard condition. The behavior of CarAc and CarAd was the inverse, with the best co-expression condition tested being the standard one (Abs (ind) = 0.5, T = 37°C, and t = 4 h). The functionality of the proteins expressed in E. coli was confirmed by the degradation of 20 ppm carbazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Leites Larentis
- Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Centro de Tecnologia (CT), G115, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Caixa Postal 68502, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil.
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Optimal production of a novel endo-acting β-1,4-xylanase cloned from Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). N Biotechnol 2009; 26:157-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Expression and characterization of Trichoderma virens UKM-1 endochitinase in Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shin MH, Jung MW, Lee JH, Kim MD, Kim KH. Strategies for producing recombinant sucrose phosphorylase originating from Bifidobacterium longum in Escherichia coli JM109. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lo PK, Hassan O, Ahmad A, Mahadi NM, Illias RM. Excretory over-expression of Bacillus sp. G1 cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) in Escherichia coli: Optimization of the cultivation conditions by response surface methodology. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Islam RS, Tisi D, Levy MS, Lye GJ. Framework for the Rapid Optimization of Soluble Protein Expression inEscherichia coliCombining Microscale Experiments and Statistical Experimental Design. Biotechnol Prog 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/bp070059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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