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Dini S, Oz F, Bekhit AEDA, Carne A, Agyei D. Production, characterization, and potential applications of lipopeptides in food systems: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13394. [PMID: 38925624 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are a class of lipid-peptide-conjugated compounds with differing structural features. This structural diversity is responsible for their diverse range of biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Lipopeptides have been attracting the attention of food scientists due to their potential as food additives and preservatives. This review provides a comprehensive overview of lipopeptides, their production, structural characteristics, and functional properties. First, the classes, chemical features, structure-activity relationships, and sources of lipopeptides are summarized. Then, the gene expression and biosynthesis of lipopeptides in microbial cell factories and strategies to optimize lipopeptide production are discussed. In addition, the main methods of purification and characterization of lipopeptides have been described. Finally, some biological activities of the lipopeptides, especially those relevant to food systems along with their mechanism of action, are critically examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Dini
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Agriculture Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Nematicidal lipopeptides from Bacillus paralicheniformis and Bacillus subtilis: A comparative study. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1537-1549. [PMID: 36719435 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop a comparative study between Bacillus paralicheniformis TB197 and B. subtilis ATCC 21332 strains in terms of growth, cyclic lipopeptide production, nematicidal activity, and active lipopeptide characteristics. Crude lipopeptide extracts (CLEs) from their fermentation broths were obtained, and their nematicidal activity (NA) was estimated as the mean lethal dose (LD50), employing Caenorhabditis elegans. Using a bioguided approach, CLE components were fractionated by semipreparative thin layer chromatography, and active lipopeptides were characterized by mass spectrometry. Both strains produced similar concentrations of CLEs (p ≥ 0.05) (0.99 ± 0.11 and 1.14 ± 0.15 mg/mL by TB197 and ATCC 21332, respectively). The estimated LD50 values of CLEs from the TB197 and ATCC 21332 strains were 3.88 and 8.15 mg/mL, respectively, showing that the NA of the TB197 strain CLE was 2.1-fold higher (p ≤ 0.05). Mass spectrometry revealed that strain TB197 synthesizes several families of lipopeptides, namely, fengycin A (C14-C17), fengycin B (C16-C17), surfactin (C15-C17), and lichenysin (C12, C13, C14, and C16), from which fengycins and lichenysins possess the highest NA (100 and 60% mortality in C. elegans larvae, respectively), while the ATCC 21332 strain produces mainly surfactin (C13-C17) (NA 63% mortality). The main differences found in this study were that the TB197 strain has a higher tolerance to inhibition by the product, and the lipopeptides they synthesize have a higher nematicidal activity due to the diversity of families compared to ATCC 21332. Likewise, it was shown that more polar lipopeptides (fengycins) are more effective at causing mortality in C. elegans larvae. KEY POINTS: • The nematicidal activity of lipopeptides from TB197 is higher than from ATCC 21332 • TB197 produces surfactin, lichenysin, and fengycin, while ATCC 21332 mainly produces surfactin • The most polar lipopeptides (fengycins) cause more mortality in C. elegans L2.
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Optimization of Sporulation Conditions for Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis spores have important biological applications; however, high spore-cell densities and sporulation efficiencies in fermentation is poorly reported. This study systematically analyzed the spore densities and formation efficiency of B. subtilis BSNK-5 in different culture substrates. A response surface regression equation was established based on the results of single factor and Box–Behnken experimental designs. The optimal medium formulation, as predicted from the equation, consisted of soluble starch at 3 g·L−1, soybean flour at 12 g·L−1, and MgSO4 at 5 g·L−1. The spore yield reached 2.43 × 109 CFU·mL−1, and the sporulation rate was 83.3%, which was nearly three times higher than before optimization using an optimized medium at 36 °C and 200 rpm for 60 h.
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Genome mining of Burkholderia ambifaria strain T16, a rhizobacterium able to produce antimicrobial compounds and degrade the mycotoxin fusaric acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:114. [PMID: 35578144 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia ambifaria T16 is a bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of barley plants that showed a remarkable antifungal activity. This strain was also able to degrade fusaric acid (5-Butylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid) and detoxify this mycotoxin in inoculated barley seedlings. Genes and enzymes responsible for fusaric acid degradation have an important biotechnological potential in the control of fungal diseases caused by fusaric acid producers, or in the biodegradation/bio catalysis processes of pyridine derivatives. In this study, the complete genome of B. ambifaria T16 was sequenced and analyzed to identify genes involved in survival and competition in the rhizosphere, plant growth promotion, fungal growth inhibition, and degradation of aromatic compounds. The genomic analysis revealed the presence of several operons for the biosynthesis of antimicrobial compounds, such as pyrrolnitrin, ornibactin, occidiofungin and the membrane-associated AFC-BC11. These compounds were also detected in bacterial culture supernatants by mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, this strain has multiple genes contributing to its plant growth-promoting profile, including those for acetoin, 2,3-butanediol and indole-3-acetic acid production, siderophores biosynthesis, and solubilisation of organic and inorganic phosphate. A pan-genomic analysis demonstrated that the genome of strain T16 possesses large gene clusters that are absent in the genomes of B. ambifaria reference strains. According to predictions, most of these clusters would be involved in aromatic compounds degradation. One genomic region, encoding flavin-dependent monooxygenases of unknown function, is proposed as a candidate responsible for fusaric acid degradation.
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Process Development in Biosurfactant Production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:195-233. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Role of Surfactin Production by Bacillus velezensis on Colonization, Biofilm Formation on Tomato Root and Leaf Surfaces and Subsequent Protection (ISR) against Botrytis cinerea. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112251. [PMID: 34835375 PMCID: PMC8626045 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects regarding the role of lipopeptides (LPs) in bacterial interaction with plants are not clear yet. Of particular interest is the LP family of surfactin, immunogenic molecules involved in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and the bacterial colonization of plant surfaces. We hypothesize that the concentration of surfactin produced by a strain correlates directly with its ability to colonize and persist on different plant surfaces, which conditions its capacity to trigger ISR. We used two Bacillus velezensis strains (BBC023 and BBC047), whose antagonistic potential in vitro is practically identical, but not on plant surfaces. The surfactin production of BBC047 is 1/3 higher than that of BBC023. Population density and SEM images revealed stable biofilms of BBC047 on leaves and roots, activating ISR on both plant surfaces. Despite its lower surfactin production, strain BBC023 assembled stable biofilms on roots and activated ISR. However, on leaves only isolated, unstructured populations were observed, which could not activate ISR. Thus, the ability of a strain to effectively colonize a plant surface is not only determined through its production of surfactin. Multiple aspects, such as environmental stressors or compensation mechanisms may influence the process. Finally, the importance of surfactin lies in its impacts on biofilm formation and stable colonization, which finally enables its activity as an elicitor of ISR.
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Botrydial confers Botrytis cinerea the ability to antagonize soil and phyllospheric bacteria. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ramchandran R, Ramesh S, A A, Thakur R, Chakrabarti A, Roy U. Improved Production of Two Anti- Candida Lipopeptide Homologues Co- Produced by the Wild-Type Bacillus subtilis RLID 12.1 under Optimized Conditions. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:438-450. [PMID: 31804165 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191205115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antifungal cyclic lipopeptides, bioactive metabolites produced by many species of the genus Bacillus, are promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides and antibiotics for the biocontrol of human pathogenic fungi. In a previous study, the co- production of five antifungal lipopeptides homologues (designated as AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4 and AF5) by the producer strain Bacillus subtilis RLID 12.1 using unoptimized medium was reported; though the two homologues AF3 and AF5 differed by 14 Da and in fatty acid chain length were found effective in antifungal action, the production/ yield rate of these two lipopeptides determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was less in the unoptimized media. METHODS In this study, the production/yield enhancement of the two compounds AF3 and AF5 was specifically targeted. Following the statistical optimization (Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs) of media formulation, temperature and growth conditions, the production of AF3 and AF5 was improved by about 25.8- and 7.4-folds, respectively under static conditions. RESULTS To boost the production of these two homologous lipopeptides in the optimized media, heat-inactivated Candida albicans cells were used as a supplement resulting in 34- and 14-fold increase of AF3 and AF5, respectively. Four clinical Candida auris isolates had AF3 and AF5 MICs (100 % inhibition) ranging between 4 and 16 μg/ml indicating the lipopeptide's clinical potential. To determine the in vitro pharmacodynamic potential of AF3 and AF5, time-kill assays were conducted which showed that AF3 (at 4X and 8X concentrations) at 48h exhibited mean log reductions of 2.31 and 3.14 CFU/ml of C. albicans SC 5314, respectively whereas AF5 at 8X concentration showed a mean log reduction of 2.14 CFU/ml. CONCLUSION With the increasing threat of multidrug-resistant yeasts and fungi, these antifungal lipopeptides produced by optimized method promise to aid in the development of novel antifungal that targets disease-causing fungi with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramchandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K.K Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
| | - Swetha Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K.K Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
| | - Anviksha A
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K.K Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
| | - RamLal Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science & Research, Balawala, Dehradun, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K.K Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, India
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Dang Y, Zhao F, Liu X, Fan X, Huang R, Gao W, Wang S, Yang C. Enhanced production of antifungal lipopeptide iturin A by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 through metabolic engineering and culture conditions optimization. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:68. [PMID: 30971238 PMCID: PMC6457013 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iturins, which belong to antibiotic cyclic lipopeptides mainly produced by Bacillus sp., have the potential for application in biomedicine and biocontrol because of their hemolytic and antifungal properties. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3, isolated previously by our lab, possesses a complete iturin A biosynthetic pathway as shown by genomic analysis. Nevertheless, iturin A could not be synthesized by strain LL3, possibly resulting from low transcription level of the itu operon. Results In this work, enhanced transcription of the iturin A biosynthetic genes was implemented by inserting a strong constitutive promoter C2up into upstream of the itu operon, leading to the production of iturin A with a titer of 37.35 mg l−1. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that the strain produced four iturin A homologs with molecular ion peaks at m/z 1044, 1058, 1072 and 1086 corresponding to [C14 + 2H]2+, [C15 + 2H]2+, [C16 + 2H]2+ and [C17 + 2H]2+. The iturin A extract exhibited strong inhibitory activity against several common plant pathogens. The yield of iturin A was improved to 99.73 mg l−1 by the optimization of the fermentation conditions using a response surface methodology. Furthermore, the yield of iturin A was increased to 113.1 mg l−1 by overexpression of a pleiotropic regulator DegQ. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on simultaneous production of four iturin A homologs (C14–C17) by a Bacillus strain. In addition, this study suggests that metabolic engineering in combination with culture conditions optimization may be a feasible method for enhanced production of bacterial secondary metabolites. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-019-1121-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fengjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Shufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Ramachandran R, Ramesh S, Ramkumar S, Chakrabarti A, Roy U. Calcium Alginate Bead-mediated Enhancement of the Selective Recovery of a Lead Novel Antifungal Bacillomycin Variant. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:917-936. [PMID: 29797296 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of new antifungal compounds, five coproduced lipopeptide variants (AF1 to AF5) from wild-type Bacillus subtilis RLID 12.1 were identified in our previous study. Out of five, AF4 was identified as a novel lead molecule belonging to the bacillomycin family showing less cytotoxicity at its respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) evaluated against 81 strains of Candida and Cryptococcus species (including clinical isolates); besides this, AF4 purified in the present study exhibited encouraging MIC values against 10 clinical mycelial fungi. Aiming for a selective production augmentation of AF4 lipopeptide variant, a new fermentation media comprising malt extract (1.01%), dextrose (0.55%), peptone (1.79%), MnSO4 (2 mM), and NaCl (0.5%) was formulated. Maximum production of 954.8 ± 10.8 mg/L was achieved with 44% selectivity at 30 °C compared to unoptimized conditions (186.4 ± 6.1 mg/L). Use of calcium alginate beads in the formulated media during the onset of lipopeptide production resulted in an augmentation in the selectivity of the most efficacious AF4 variant to about 72% presumably due to attenuation of other coproduced lipopeptide variants AF1 and AF2. Difference in yield of lipopeptides varied with bead size, bead preparation ratios, and sodium alginate concentrations. Use of Ca-alginate beads in the upstream production process of the lead AF4 variant may be considered as a novel strategy to address the potential challenge that may arise during the scale-up and downstream processing steps. Another significant finding derived from the study is that the proportion of bacillomycin variants of B. subtilis RLID 12.1 could be controlled by temperature and metal ions under static and shaking conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Swetha Ramesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Utpal Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology And Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India.
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Brevibacterium luteolum biosurfactant: Production and structural characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sushma C, Anand AP, Veeranki VD. Enhanced production of glutaminase free L-asparaginase II by Bacillus subtilis WB800N through media optimization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yewale T, Panchwagh S, Sawale S, Jain R, Dhamole PB. Xylitol production from non-detoxified and non-sterile lignocellulosic hydrolysate using low-cost industrial media components. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:68. [PMID: 28452022 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilized Candida tropicalis cells in freeze dried calcium alginate beads were used for production of xylitol from lignocellulosic waste like corn cob hydrolysate without any detoxification and sterilization of media. Media components for xylitol fermentation were screened by statistical methods. Urea, KH2PO4 and initial pH were identified as significant variables by Plackett-Burman (PB) design. Significant medium components were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Predicted xylitol yield by RSM model and experimental yield was 0.87 and 0.79 g/g, respectively. Optimized conditions (urea 1.5 g/L, KH2PO4 1.9 g/L, xylose 55 g/L, pH 6.7) enhanced xylitol yield by 32% and xylose consumption by twofold over those of basal media. In addition, the immobilized cells were reused five times at shake flask level with optimized medium without affecting the xylitol productivity and yield. Xylitol production was successfully scaled up to 7.5 L stirred tank reactor using optimized media. Thus, the optimized condition with non-detoxified pentose hydrolysate from corn cob lignocellulosic waste with minimal nutrients without any sterilization opens up the scope for commercialization of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyaso Yewale
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Shruti Panchwagh
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
| | - Shaileshkumar Sawale
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
| | - Rishi Jain
- Praj Matrix R & D Center, Division of Praj Industries Ltd., 402/403/1098, Urawade, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Pradip B Dhamole
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
- Chemical Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
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Mehta D, Satyanarayana T. Bacterial and Archaeal α-Amylases: Diversity and Amelioration of the Desirable Characteristics for Industrial Applications. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1129. [PMID: 27516755 PMCID: PMC4963412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial enzyme market has been projected to reach US$ 6.2 billion by 2020. Major reasons for continuous rise in the global sales of microbial enzymes are because of increase in the demand for consumer goods and biofuels. Among major industrial enzymes that find applications in baking, alcohol, detergent, and textile industries are α-amylases. These are produced by a variety of microbes, which randomly cleave α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch leading to the formation of limit dextrins. α-Amylases from different microbial sources vary in their properties, thus, suit specific applications. This review focuses on the native and recombinant α-amylases from bacteria and archaea, their production and the advancements in the molecular biology, protein engineering and structural studies, which aid in ameliorating their properties to suit the targeted industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Mehta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
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Effect of medium components and culture conditions in Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 spore production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:1879-88. [PMID: 26135004 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis spores have important biotechnological applications; however, achieving both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies in fermentation, is poorly reported. In this study, medium components and culture conditions were optimized with different statistical methods to increase spore production of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria B. subtilis EA-CB0575. Key medium components were determined with Plackett-Burman (PB) design, and the optimum concentration levels of two components (glucose, MgSO4·7H2O) were optimized with a full factorial and central composite design, achieving 1.37 × 10(9) CFU/mL of spore cell density and 93.5 % of sporulation efficiency in shake flask. The optimized medium was used to determine the effect of culture conditions on spore production at bioreactor level, finding that maintaining pH control did not affect significantly spore production, while the interaction of agitation and aeration rates had a significant effect on spore cell density. The overall optimization generated a 17.2-fold increase in spore cell density (8.78 × 10(9) CFU/mL) and 1.9-fold increase in sporulation efficiency (94.2 %) compared to that of PB design. These results indicate the potential of B. subtilis EA-CB0575 to produce both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies, with very low nutrient requirements and short incubation period which can represent savings of process production.
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Anvari S, Hajfarajollah H, Mokhtarani B, Noghabi KA. Physiochemical and thermodynamic characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant secreted by Bacillus tequilensis HK01. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17275f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive investigation was applied to isolate biosurfactant producing bacteria from urban waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Anvari
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Babak Mokhtarani
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
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Go TH, Cho KS, Lee SM, Lee OM, Son HJ. Simultaneous Production of Antifungal and Keratinolytic Activities by Feather-Degrading Bacillus subtilis S8. Indian J Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Response surface methodology: optimisation of antifungal bioemulsifier from novel Bacillus thuringiensis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:423289. [PMID: 25379529 PMCID: PMC4213991 DOI: 10.1155/2014/423289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An antifungal bioemulsifier compound was produced from a novel strain of Bacillus thuringiensis pak2310. To accentuate the production and as the first step to improve the yield, a central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effect of various factors like minimal salts (1X and 3X), glycerol concentration (2% and 4%), beef extract concentration (1% and 3%), and sunflower oil concentration (2% and 4%) on the production of bioemulsifier molecule and to optimize the conditions to increase the production. The E24 emulsification index was used as the response variable as the increase in surfactant production was seen to be proportional to increased emulsification. A quadratic equation was employed to express the response variable in terms of the independent variables. Statistical tools like student's t-test, F-test, and ANOVA were employed to identify the important factors and to test the adequacy of the model. Under optimum conditions (1X concentration of minimal salts (MS), 2.6% glycerol (v/v), 1% beef extract (w/v), and 2% sunflower oil (v/v)) a 65% increase in yield was produced.
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Multiple response optimization of Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0015 culture and identification of antifungal metabolites. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Feng CH, Drummond L, Sun DW, Zhang ZH. Evaluation of natural hog casings modified by surfactant solutions combined with lactic acid by response surface methodology. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Li G, Zhang H, Ma T. Electrochemical Studies on De-Emulsification: Effect of a Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus subtilisMO-1. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.807738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Feng CH, Sun DW. Optimisation of immersion vacuum cooling operation and quality of Irish cooked sausages by using response surface methodology. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hui Feng
- FRCFT; School of Biosystem Engineering; Agriculture and Food Science Center; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- FRCFT; School of Biosystem Engineering; Agriculture and Food Science Center; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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23
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Optimization of antifungal lipopeptide production from Bacillus sp. BH072 by response surface methodology. J Microbiol 2014; 52:324-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Optimization of Inocula Conditions for Enhanced Biosurfactant Production by Bacillus subtilis SPB1, in Submerged Culture, Using Box–Behnken Design. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2012; 5:92-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-012-9113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Micronutrient requirements for growth and hydrocarbon production in the oil producing green alga Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyta). PLoS One 2012; 7:e41459. [PMID: 22848502 PMCID: PMC3405085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The requirements of micronutrients for biomass and hydrocarbon production in Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 were studied using response surface methodology. The concentrations of four micronutrients (iron, manganese, molybdenum, and nickel) were manipulated to achieve the best performance of B. braunii in laboratory conditions. The responses of algal biomass and hydrocarbon to the concentration variations of the four micronutrients were estimated by a second order quadratic regression model. Genetic algorithm calculations showed that the optimal level of micronutrients for algal biomass were 0.266 µM iron, 0.707 µM manganese, 0.624 µM molybdenum and 3.38 µM nickel. The maximum hydrocarbon content could be achieved when the culture media contained 10.43 µM iron, 6.53 µM manganese, 0.012 µM molybdenum and 1.73 µM nickel. The validation through an independent test in a photobioreactor suggests that the modified media with optimised concentrations of trace elements can increase algal biomass by 34.5% and hydrocarbon by 27.4%. This study indicates that micronutrients play significant roles in regulating algal growth and hydrocarbon production, and the response surface methodology can be used to optimise the composition of culture medium in algal culture.
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Optimization of the Nutritional Parameters for Enhanced Production of B. subtilis SPB1 Biosurfactant in Submerged Culture Using Response Surface Methodology. BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:795430. [PMID: 22649736 PMCID: PMC3357924 DOI: 10.1155/2012/795430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional requirements can contribute considerably to the production cost and the bioprocess economics. Media optimisation using response surface methodology is one of the used methods to ameliorate the bioprocess economics. In the present study, biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis SPB1 was effectively enhanced by response surface methodology. A Plackett-Burman-based statistical screening procedure was adopted to determine the most important factor affecting lipopeptide production. Eleven variables are screened and results show that glucose, K2HPO4, and urea concentrations influence the most biosurfactant production. A Central Composite Design was conducted to optimize the three selected factors. Statistical analyses of the data of model fitting were done by using NemrodW. Results show a maximum predicted biosurfactant concentration of 2.93 (±0.32) g/L when using 15 g/L glucose, 6 g/L urea, and 1 g/L K2HPO4. The predicted value is approximately 1.65 much higher than the original production determined by the conventional one-factor-at-a-time optimization method.
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27
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Alvarez F, Castro M, Príncipe A, Borioli G, Fischer S, Mori G, Jofré E. The plant-associated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains MEP2 18 and ARP2 3 capable of producing the cyclic lipopeptides iturin or surfactin and fengycin are effective in biocontrol of sclerotinia stem rot disease. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:159-74. [PMID: 22017648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This work was conducted to identify the antifungal compounds produced by two previously isolated Bacillus sp. strains: ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18. Both strains were subjected to further analysis to determine their taxonomic position and to identify the compounds responsible for their antifungal activity as well as to evaluate the efficiency of these strains to control sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. METHODS AND RESULTS The antifungal compounds were isolated by acid precipitation of cell-free supernatants, purified by RP-HPLC and then tested for antagonistic activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mass spectra from RP-HPLC eluted fractions showed the presence of surfactin C(15) , fengycins A (C(16) -C(17)) and B (C(16)) isoforms in supernatants from strain ARP(2) 3 cultures, whereas the major lipopeptide produced by strain MEP(2) 18 was iturin A C(15) . Alterations in mycelial morphology and sclerotial germination were observed in the presence of lipopeptides-containing supernatants from Bacillus strains cultures. Foliar application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains on soybean plants prior to S. sclerotiorum infection resulted in significant protection against sclerotinia stem rot compared with noninoculated plants or plants inoculated with a nonlipopeptide-producing B. subtilis strain. CONCLUSIONS Both strains, renamed as B. amyloliquefaciens ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18, were able to produce antifungal compounds belonging to the cyclic lipopeptide family. Our data suggest that the foliar application of lipopeptide-producing B. amyloliquefaciens strains could be a promising strategy for the management of sclerotinia stem rot in soybean. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Sclerotinia stem rot was ranked as one of the most severe soybean disease in Argentina and worldwide. The results of this study showed the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens strains ARP(2) 3 and MEP(2) 18 to control plant diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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28
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Dhiman SS, Garg G, Sharma J, Mahajan R. Characterization of statistically produced xylanase for enrichment of fruit juice clarification process. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:746-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Lee YJ, Kim HJ, Gao W, Chung CH, Lee JW. Comparison of Statistical Methods for Optimization of Salts in Medium for Production of Carboxymethylcellulase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DL-3 by a Recombinant E. coli JM109/DL-3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2011.21.9.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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Choonia HS, Lele SS. RELEASE OF β-GALACTOSIDASE FROM INDIGENOUSLACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUSBY ULTRASONICATION: PROCESS OPTIMIZATION. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2011.532738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Biocompatible surfactin-stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Kumar PA, Manikandan M, Kannan V. Optimization of nutrients for the production of RNase by Bacillus firmus VKPACU1 using response surface methodology. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Shih IL, Lin CY, Wu JY, Hsieh C. Production of antifungal lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis in submerged fermentation using shake flask and fermentor. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-009-0237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Phytase production by fermentation of recombinant Pichia pastoris in monosodium glutamate wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nicoletti MC, Jain LC, Giordano RC. Computational Intelligence Techniques as Tools for Bioprocess Modelling, Optimization, Supervision and Control. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR BIOPROCESS MODELLING, SUPERVISION AND CONTROL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01888-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Shih IL, Kuo CY, Hsieh FC, Kao SS, Hsieh C. Use of surface response methodology to optimize culture conditions for iturin A production by Bacillus subtilis in solid-state fermentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcice.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Barros FFC, Ponezi AN, Pastore GM. Production of biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis LB5a on a pilot scale using cassava wastewater as substrate. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:1071-8. [PMID: 18594889 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main characteristic of biosurfactants is their property of reducing the superficial and interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids of different polarities. The main obstacle to the application of biosurfactants is the high production costs, the use of alternative substrates being indicated to solve this problem. This work report the production of biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis LB5a on a pilot scale using cassava wastewater as the substrate, and the study of the parameters related to its production. The cassava wastewater was heated, centrifuged and poured into a 40-liter batch pilot bioreactor adapted for simultaneous foam collection during the fermentative process. The temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C, agitation at 150 rpm and aeration 0.38 vvm during the first 12 h, and 0.63 vvm for the rest of the process. Samples of liquid fermentate were collected at regular intervals for the analysis of total carbohydrates, reducing sugars, pH, CFU/mL count and superficial tension. The foam was centrifuged and the biosurfactant purified. The kinetic data of the process showed that both the microbial population, which reached a maximum after about 24 h, and the foam production of 10.6 L, peaked between 24 and 36 h, coinciding with the greatest production of biosurfactant. The yield of semi-purified surfactant in the foam was 2.4 g/L. The superficial tension of the medium was reduced from 51 to 27 mN/m and the critical micellar concentration was 11 mg/L, which, in principle, characterizes it as a good tensoactive agent. As a function of its composition and productivity, cassava wastewater was identified as a good substrate for the production of the biosurfactant.
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38
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Chen X, Du W, Liu D. Response surface optimization of biocatalytic biodiesel production with acid oil. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Zheng ZM, Hu QL, Hao J, Xu F, Guo NN, Sun Y, Liu DH. Statistical optimization of culture conditions for 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae AC 15 via central composite design. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:1052-6. [PMID: 17448655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A central composite design was used to study the effect of glycerol, rate of stirring, air aeration and pH on the synthesis of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) by Klebsiella pneumoniae AC 15. Among the four variables, glycerol and rate of stirring significantly affected 1,3-PD productivity, whereas air aeration and pH were not effective. A quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for 1,3-PD productivity by multiple regression analysis using response surface methodology. The validation experimental confirmed with the predicted model. The optimum combinations for 1,3-PD productivity was glycerol, rate of stirring, air aeration, and pH of 50 g/l, 318 rpm, 0.6 vvm, 6.48, respectively. The subsequent fed batch experiments produced 1,3-PD of 70 g/l at a fermentation of 30 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-ming Zheng
- Department of Chemistry Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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40
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Revankar MS, Desai KM, Lele SS. Solid-state fermentation for enhanced production of laccase using indigenously isolated Ganoderma sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 143:16-26. [PMID: 18025593 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-0029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laccase production by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using an indigenously isolated white rot basidiomycete Ganoderma sp. was studied. Among the various agricultural wastes tested, wheat bran was found to be the best substrate for laccase production. Solid-state fermentation parameters such as optimum substrate, initial moisture content, and inoculum size were optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time method. A maximum laccase yield of 2,400 U/g dry substrate (U/gds) was obtained using wheat bran as substrate with 70% initial moisture content at 25 degrees C and the seven agar plugs as the inoculum. Further enhancement in laccase production was achieved by supplementing the solid-state medium with additional carbon and nitrogen source such as starch and yeast extract. This medium was optimized by response surface methodology, and a fourfold increase in laccase activity (10,050 U/g dry substrate) was achieved. Thus, the indigenous isolate seems to be a potential laccase producer using SSF. The process also promises economic utilization and value addition of agro-residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi S Revankar
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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41
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Production of raw starch-saccharifying thermostable and neutral glucoamylase by the thermophilic mold Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae in submerged fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 142:221-30. [PMID: 18025583 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Among physical and nutritional parameters optimized by "one variable at a time" approach, four cultural variables (sucrose, MgSO4 .7H2O, inoculum size, and incubation period) significantly affected glucoamylase production. These variables were, therefore, selected for optimization using response surface methodology. The p-values of the coefficients for linear effect of sucrose and inoculum size were less than 0.0001, suggesting them to be the key experimental variables in glucoamylase production. The enzyme production (34 U/ml) attained under optimized conditions (sucrose, 2%; MgSO4 .7H2O, 0.13%; yeast extract, 0.1%; inoculum size, 5 x 10(6) spores per 50 ml production medium; incubation time, 48 h; temperature, 40 degrees C; and pH 7.0) was comparable with the value predicted by polynomial model (34.2 U/ml). An over all 3.1-fold higher enzyme titers were attained due to response surface optimization. The experimental model was validated by carrying out glucoamylase production in shake flasks of increasing capacity (0.25-2.0 l) and 22-l laboratory bioreactors (stirred tank and airlift), where the enzyme production was sustainable. Furthermore, the fermentation time was reduced from 48 h in shake flasks to 32 h in bioreactors.
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42
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Mundra P, Desai K, Lele SS. Application of response surface methodology to cell immobilization for the production of palatinose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:2892-6. [PMID: 17113282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2006] [Revised: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM), based on multivariate non-linear model, was applied to study the interactions and optimization of the immobilization parameters for cell entrapment, namely alginate concentration, cell loading and bead diameter using Erwinia rhapontici NCPPB 1578 that produced palatinose. ANOVA analysis and statistical parameters calculations showed that RSM could be used effectively to model and improve a complex system like cell immobilization. Palatinose yield was increased by 40%. The maximum yield of 140 mg/ml was achieved in a batch of 1h at alginate concentration of 5% w/v, cell loading of 5 g l(-1) and 2.25 mm bead diameter. Thus, the E. rhapontici NCPPB 1578 immobilization in alginate bead and subsequent palatinose yield was successfully improved by application of RSM technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyushkumar Mundra
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400 019, India
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43
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Optimization of whole cell-catalyzed methanolysis of soybean oil for biodiesel production using response surface methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Kumar P, Satyanarayana T. Optimization of culture variables for improving glucoamylase production by alginate-entrapped Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae using statistical methods. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:1252-9. [PMID: 16806908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-entrapped sporangiospores of Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae were used for the production of glucoamylase. The critical variables that affected glucoamylase production were identified by Plackett-Burman design (sucrose, yeast-extract, K(2)HPO(4) and asparagine) and further optimized by using a four factor central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Immobilized sporangiospores secreted 41% and 60% higher glucoamylase titers in shake flasks and airlift fermenter, respectively, when the variables were used at their optimum levels (sucrose 3.0%, yeast-extract 0.2%, K(2)HPO(4) 0.1% and asparagine 0.35%). Glucoamylase production (26.3 U ml(-1)) in the optimized medium was in good agreement with the values predicted by the quadratic model (26.7 U ml(-1)), thereby confirming its validity. The enzyme production was sustainable in flasks of higher volume and also airlift fermenter, and attained a peak within 32 h in the fermenter as compared to that of 48 h in shake flasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
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