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Yang YJ, Chang HC, Wang MY, Suen SY. Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Immobilized Copper-Ion Affinity Membranes for Protein Adsorption. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:271. [PMID: 36984658 PMCID: PMC10056745 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based immobilized metal-ion affinity membrane (IMAM) was prepared with a high capacity for protein adsorption. PAN was selected as the substrate due to its excellent thermal and chemical stability. The cyano groups on the PAN membrane were substituted with carboxyl groups, followed by reactions with ethylenediamine (EDA) and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) to produce the terminal epoxy groups. The chelating agent iminodiacetic acid (IDA) was then bound to the modified PAN membrane and further chelated with copper ions. The immobilized copper ion amount of membrane was analyzed to obtain the optimal reaction conditions, which were 60 °C/3 h for EDA coupling and 60 °C/4 h for EGDGE grafting. Furthermore, under the use of minor IDA and copper ion concentrations, the immobilized copper ion capacity of the IMAM was 4.8 μmol/cm2 (253.4 µmol/mL, or 1.47 μmol/mg). At a neutral pH, the cationic lysozyme exhibited a large adsorption capacity with the IMAM (1.96 μmol/mL), which was most likely multilayer binding, whereas the adsorption capacity for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP-His6) was 0.053 μmol/mL and 0.135 μmol/mL, respectively, with a monolayer adsorption arrangement. The protein desorption efficiency was greater than 95%, implying that the prepared IMAM could be reused for protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jie Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Chien Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Yi Suen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Metal-Chelating Peptides Separation Using Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography: Experimental Methodology and Simulation. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-Chelating Peptides (MCPs), obtained from protein hydrolysates, present various applications in the field of nutrition, pharmacy, cosmetic etc. The separation of MCPs from hydrolysates mixture is challenging, yet, techniques based on peptide-metal ion interactions such as Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) seem to be efficient. However, separation processes are time consuming and expensive, therefore separation prediction using chromatography modelling and simulation should be necessary. Meanwhile, the obtention of sorption isotherm for chromatography modelling is a crucial step. Thus, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), a biosensor method efficient to screen MCPs in hydrolysates and with similarities to IMAC might be a good option to acquire sorption isotherm. This review highlights IMAC experimental methodology to separate MCPs and how, IMAC chromatography can be modelled using transport dispersive model and input data obtained from SPR for peptides separation simulation.
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Chang JC, Chen YA, Lin SC. Development and application of metal chelate-epoxy bifunctional loofah sponge for the purification and immobilization of recombinant trehalose synthase. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Green CM, Mathur D, Susumu K, Oh E, Medintz IL, Díaz SA. Polyhistidine-Tag-Enabled Conjugation of Quantum Dots and Enzymes to DNA Nanostructures. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2525:61-91. [PMID: 35836061 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2473-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures self-assemble into almost any arbitrary architecture, and when combined with their capability to precisely position and orient dyes, nanoparticles, and biological moieties, the technology reaches its potential. We present a simple yet multifaceted conjugation strategy based on metal coordination by a multi-histidine peptide tag (Histag). The versatility of the Histag as a means to conjugate to DNA nanostructures is shown by using Histags to capture semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with numerical and positional precision onto a DNA origami breadboard. Additionally, Histag-expressing enzymes, such as the bioluminescent luciferase, can also be captured to the DNA origami breadboard with similar precision. DNA nanostructure conjugation of the QDs or luciferase is confirmed through imaging and/or energy transfer to organic dyes integrated into the DNA nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Green
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
- National Research Council, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
- Jacobs Corporation, Hanover, MD, USA
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Code 6900, Washington, DC, USA.
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Lin TN, Lin SC. Metal chelate-epoxy bifunctional membranes for selective adsorption and covalent immobilization of a His-tagged protein. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:258-264. [PMID: 34930669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and application of metal chelate-epoxy bifunctional membranes for the selective adsorption and covalent immobilization of His-tagged protein switch RG13 were shown in this study. By controlling the concentration of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and reaction time during the conjugation of IDA on to the epichlorohydrin-activated regenerated cellulose membrane, 5 metal chelate-epoxy bifunctional membranes, with degrees of IDA conjugation in the range of 20%-81%, were prepared. The bifunctional membrane with an IDA conjugation degree of 30%, designated as BFM30, exhibited a sound adsorption capacity of 0.203 mg/cm2 with a relatively high content of epoxy groups for covalent immobilization, were selected. The concomitant selective adsorption and covalent immobilization of the His-tagged RG13 with BFM30 were carried out by 2-h incubation for protein adsorption and subsequent 16-h incubation for covalent immobilization after the removal of undesired proteins with wash buffer, giving an immobilization yield of 63% and a global activity yield 40%. The RG13 immobilized on the metal chelate-epoxy bifunctional membrane exhibited superior operational stability in a repeated batch process, retaining 94% of its initial activity after 20 cycles. The employment of the bifunctional membranes could significant facilitate enzyme immobilization processes by eliminating the need for prior protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ning Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xinda Road, South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chyr Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xinda Road, South District, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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6
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You CX, Huang PH, Lin SC. Concomitant selective adsorption and covalent immobilization of a His-tagged protein switch with silica-based metal chelate-epoxy bifunctional adsorbents. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zeng K, Sun EJ, Liu ZW, Guo J, Yuan C, Yang Y, Xie H. Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with an IDA or TED modified surface for purification and immobilization of poly-histidine tagged proteins. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11524-11534. [PMID: 35495316 PMCID: PMC9050487 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) chelating with metal ions can specifically interact with poly-histidine peptides and facilitate immobilization and purification of proteins with poly-histidine tags. Fabrication of MNPs is generally complicated and time consuming. In this paper, we report the preparation of Ni(ii) ion chelated MNPs (Ni-MNPs) in two stages for protein immobilization and purification. In the first stage, organic ligands including pentadentate tris (carboxymethyl) ethylenediamine (TED) and tridentate iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and inorganic Fe3O4–SiO2 MNPs were synthesized separately. In the next stage, ligands were grafted to the surface of MNPs and MNPs with a TED or IDA modified surface were acquired, followed by chelating with Ni(ii) ions. The Ni(ii) ion chelated forms of MNPs (Ni-MNPs) were characterized including morphology, surface charge, structure, size distribution and magnetic response. Taking a his-tagged glycoside hydrolase DspB (Dispersin B) as the protein representative, specific interactions were confirmed between DspB and Ni-MNPs. Purification of his-tagged DspB was achieved with Ni-MNPs that exhibited better performance in terms of purity and activity of DspB than commercial Ni-NTA. Ni-MNPs as enzyme carriers for DspB also exhibited good compatibility and reasonable reusability as well as improved performance in various conditions. This article reports a novel approach for synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with a modified surface for purification and immobilization of histidine-tagged proteins.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - En-Jie Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Ze-Wen Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Junhui Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Chengqing Yuan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University Staffordshire ST4 7QB UK
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
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Lai WJ, Lin SC. Hydroxyethyl cellulose-grafted loofa sponge-based metal affinity adsorbents for protein purification and enzyme immobilization. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Uygun M. Ni(II) chelated IDA functionalized poly(HEMA-GMA) cryogels for urease adsorption. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2015; 1286:213-20. [PMID: 25749957 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2447-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cryogelic support materials have been intensively used for the purification and separation of biomolecules. Cryogels are cheap materials, they can be easily used for different purposes and their chemical and physical stabilities are very high. Cryogels can also be easily functionalized with different type of ligands and are be applicable to different affinity systems. Within these affinity systems, immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) offers efficient and simple protein purification strategies. IMAC technology has been deeply applied to bioseparations studies. In the present chapter, the preparation of a cryogel support material and the functionalization with the chelating agent iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and the subsequent Ni(II) chelation are described. Characterization techniques and the cryogel preparation method are summarized and urease adsorption studies on the metal chelate cryogel are briefly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Uygun
- Koçarlı Vocational and Training School, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey,
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Uygun M, Akduman B, Akgöl S, Denizli A. A New Metal-Chelated Cryogel for Reversible Immobilization of Urease. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1815-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Meng Q, Wang J, Ma G, Su Z. Isotherm Type Shift of Hydrophobic Interaction Adsorption and its Effect on Chromatographic Behavior. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 51:173-80. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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12
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Exploiting the interactions between poly-histidine fusion tags and immobilized metal ions. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1075-84. [PMID: 21318632 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) of proteins containing poly-histidine fusion tags is an efficient research tool for purifying recombinant proteins from crude cellular feedstocks at laboratory scale. Nevertheless, to achieve successful purification of large amounts of the target protein for critical therapeutic applications that demand the precise removal of fusion tags, it is important to also take into consideration issues such as protein quality, efficiency, cost effectiveness, and optimal affinity tag choice and design. Despite the many considerations described in this article, it is expected that enhanced selectivity, the primary consideration in the field of protein separation, will continue to see the use of IMAC in solving new purification challenges. In addition, the platform nature of this technology makes it an ideal choice in purifying proteins with unknown properties. Finally, the unique interaction between immobilized metal ions and poly-histidine fusion tag has enabled new developments in the areas of biosensor, immunoassay, and other analytical technologies.
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Yap WB, Tey BT, Alitheen NBM, Tan WS. Purification of His-tagged hepatitis B core antigen from unclarified bacterial homogenate using immobilized metal affinity-expanded bed adsorption chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3473-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Surface functionalization of polyketal microparticles with nitrilotriacetic acid-nickel complexes for efficient protein capture and delivery. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4987-94. [PMID: 20346498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microparticle drug delivery systems have been used for over 20 years to deliver a variety of drugs and therapeutics. However, effective microencapsulation of proteins has been limited by low encapsulation efficiencies, large required amounts of protein, and risk of protein denaturation. In this work, we have adapted a widely used immobilized metal affinity protein purification strategy to non-covalently attach proteins to the surface of microparticles. Polyketal microparticles were surface modified with nitrilotriacetic acid-nickel complexes which have a high affinity for sequential histidine tags on proteins. We demonstrate that this high affinity interaction can efficiently capture proteins from dilute solutions with little risk of protein denaturation. Proteins that bound to the Ni-NTA complex retain activity and can diffuse away from the microparticles to activate cells from a distance. In addition, this surface modification can also be used for microparticle targeting by tethering cell-specific ligands to the surface of the particles, using VE-Cadherin and endothelial cells as a model. In summary, we show that immobilized metal affinity strategies have the potential to improve targeting and protein delivery via degradable polymer microparticles.
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Bayramoglu G, Arica MY. Reversible immobilization of catalase on fibrous polymer grafted and metal chelated chitosan membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Glycidyl methacrylate grafted on p(VBC) beads by SI-ATRP technique: Modified with hydrazine as a salt resistance ligand for adsorption of invertase. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jiang W, Prescott M, Devenish RJ, Spiccia L, Hearn MT. Separation of hexahistidine fusion proteins with immobilized metal ion affinity chromatographic (IMAC) sorbents derived from MN+-tacn and its derivatives. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:747-56. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yavuz E, Bayramoğlu G, Şenkal BF, Arıca MY. Poly(glycidylmethacrylate) brushes generated on poly(VBC) beads by SI-ATRP technique: Hydrazine and amino groups functionalized for invertase adsorption and purification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1479-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu LL, Chen L, Song C, Liu XW, Deng HP, Gao NY, Gao HW. Potential enzyme toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid. Amino Acids 2008; 38:113-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lin PC, Lin SC, Hsu WH. Adsorption behaviors of recombinant proteins on hydroxyapatite-based immobilized metal affinity chromatographic adsorbents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcice.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Bayramoğlu G, Erdogan H, Arica MY. Studies of adsorption of alkaline trypsin by poly(methacrylic acid) brushes on chitosan membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Bayramoğlu G, Ekici G, Beşirli N, Arica MY. Preparation of ion-exchange beads based on poly(methacrylic acid) brush grafted chitosan beads: Isolation of lysozyme from egg white in batch system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao HW, Xu Q, Chen L, Wang SL, Wang Y, Wu LL, Yuan Y. Potential protein toxicity of synthetic pigments: binding of poncean S to human serum albumin. Biophys J 2007; 94:906-17. [PMID: 17905844 PMCID: PMC2186231 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Using various methods, e.g., spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, and isothermal titration calorimetry, the interaction of poncean S (PS) with human serum albumin (HSA) was characterized at pH 1.81, 3.56, and 7.40 using the spectral correction technique, and Langmuir and Temkin isothermal models. The consistency among results concerning, e.g., binding number, binding energy, and type of binding, showed that ion pair electrostatic attraction fixed the position of PS in HSA and subsequently induced a combination of multiple noncovalent bonds such as H-bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces. Ion pair attraction and H-bonds produced a stable PS-HSA complex and led to a marked change in the secondary structure of HSA in acidic media. The PS-HSA binding pattern and the process of change in HSA conformation were also investigated. The potentially toxic effect of PS on the transport function of HSA in a normal physiological environment was analyzed. This work provides a useful experimental strategy for studying the interaction of organic substances with biomacromolecules, helping us to understand the activity or mechanism of toxicity of an organic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Arica MY, Akyol AB, Bayramoğlu G. Adsorption of trypsin onto magnetic ion-exchange beads of poly(glycidylmethacrylate-co-ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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