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Orhan F, Akıncıoğlu A, Ceyran E. Ectoine production from a novel bacterial strain and high-purity purification with a cost-effective and single-step method. J Biotechnol 2024; 388:24-34. [PMID: 38599284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study marks the exploration into the production of ectoine, a valuable compound with significant potential as an antioxidant, osmoprotectant, anti-inflammatory agent, and stabilizer of cell membranes, proteins, and DNA integrity. Our focus centred on investigating the presence of ectoine and optimizing its production by the novel ectoine producer bacterial strain, Piscibacillus halophilus. For the optimization of ectoine production the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, salt, pH, agitation and incubation period were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time. We started with an initial ectoine content of 46.92 mg/L, and through a series of optimization processes, we achieved a remarkable increase, resulting in an ectoine content of 1498.2 mg/L. The bacterial species P. halophilus achieved its highest ectoine production after 48 h of incubation, with conditions set at 10 % (w/v) salinity, pH of 7.50, and an agitation speed of 160 rpm. These precise conditions were found to be the most favourable for maximizing ectoine production by this strain. Besides, we have achieved successful purification of ectoine from the crude extract through a streamlined single-step process. This purification method has delivered an exceptional level of purity, surpassing 99.15 %, and an impressive yield of over 99 %. Importantly, we accomplished this using readily available and cost-effective strong acids (HCl) and strong bases (NaOH) to arrange pH gradients. The use of acid and base in the purification process of ectoine reflects an innovative and sustainable methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Orhan
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Agri 4100, Turkey; Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey.
| | - Akın Akıncıoğlu
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey; Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Ceyran
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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Zhang K, Zhang W, Qin M, Li Y, Wang H. Characterization and Application of the Sugar Transporter Zmo0293 from Zymomonas mobilis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065888. [PMID: 36982961 PMCID: PMC10055971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologen with many desirable characteristics, which makes it an ideal industrial microbial biocatalyst for the commercial production of desirable bioproducts. Sugar transporters are responsible for the import of substrate sugars and the conversion of ethanol and other products. Glucose-facilitated diffusion protein Glf is responsible for facilitating the diffusion of glucose uptake in Z. mobilis. However, another sugar transporter-encoded gene, ZMO0293, is poorly characterized. We employed gene deletion and heterologous expression mediated by the CRISPR/Cas method to investigate the role of ZMO0293. The results showed that deletion of the ZMO0293 gene slowed growth and reduced ethanol production and the activities of key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism in the presence of high concentrations of glucose. Moreover, ZMO0293 deletion caused different transcriptional changes in some genes of the Entner Doudoroff (ED) pathway in the ZM4-ΔZM0293 strain but not in ZM4 cells. The integrated expression of ZMO0293 restored the growth of the glucose uptake-defective strain Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)-ΔptsG. This study reveals the function of the ZMO0293 gene in Z. mobilis in response to high concentrations of glucose and provides a new biological part for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengxing Qin
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Dutta B, Bandopadhyay R. Biotechnological potentials of halophilic microorganisms and their impact on mankind. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 11:75. [PMID: 35669848 PMCID: PMC9152817 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Halophiles are extremophilic organisms represented by archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes that thrive in hypersaline environment. They apply different osmoadaptation strategies to survive in hostile conditions. Habitat diversity of halophilic microorganisms in hypersaline system provides information pertaining the evolution of life on Earth. Main body The microbiome-gut-brain axis interaction contributes greatly to the neurodegenerative diseases. Gut resident halophilic bacteria are used as alternative medication for chronic brain diseases. Halophiles can be used in pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, agriculture, saline waste water treatment, biodegradable plastic production, metal recovery, biofuel energy generation, concrete crack repair and other sectors. Furthermore, versatile biomolecules, mainly enzymes characterized by broad range of pH and thermostability, are suitable candidate for industrial purposes. Reflectance pattern of halophilic archaeal pigment rhodopsin is considered as potential biosignature for Earth-like planets. Short conclusions This review represents important osmoadaptation strategies acquired by halophilic archaea and bacteria and their potential biotechnological applications to resolve present day challenges. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhramar Dutta
- Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713104 India
| | - Rajib Bandopadhyay
- Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713104 India
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Elsakhawy T, Ghazi A, Abdel-Rahman MA. Developing Liquid Rhizobium Inoculants with Enhanced Long-Term Survival, Storage Stability, and Plant Growth Promotion Using Ectoine Additive. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:282-291. [PMID: 33136205 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid microbial inoculants have recently received great attention due to their vital roles for sustainable agricultural practices. However, long-term conservation under ambient temperature conditions and deleterious environmental factors might negatively impact microbial cell survival and limit their efficacy in the field. Thus, developing efficient liquid formulation providing prolonged survival of rhizobia in the final product and after an application is crucial. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of various additives on the long-term survival of rhizobia stored in liquid cultures at room temperature (25 °C) for 12 months. Various yeast sucrose media amended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or gum arabic as colloidal agents in combination with ectoine (as a compatible solute) and/or glycerol were evaluated. A dramatic decline in viable cell count was obtained in formulas amended only with PVP from Log 8.5 to Log 5 in the first six months and then to Log 1.5 after 12 months. In contrast, rhizobia stored at PVP-based formulas amended with 10 mg L‒1 ectoine exhibited almost constant survival level till the end of the storage period. The same trend was obtained using formulas based on gum arabic as a colloidal dispersing agent; however, less decline in cell count using a formula containing gum arabic alone as compared to using PVP. On the other hand, PVP based formulas exhibited higher viscosity compared with another formula. Increased viscosity till the 8th month of storage was achieved in the presence of ectoine indicating the increase of exopolymeric substances production. Electrophoretic protein pattern of rhizobial cells (stored for 12 months) exhibited several low molecular weight protein bands in cells stored in PVP based formula with ectoine as compared to the other treatments. Thus, the amendment of the liquid formulation of rhizobia bioinoculant with PVP plus ectoine not only improved cell survival but also enhanced the culture viscosity and consequently ameliorate the colonization and performance of rhizobial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Elsakhawy
- Microbiological Research Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Soils, Water & Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Cairo University Street, Giza, 12112- 9, Egypt
| | - Azza Ghazi
- Microbiological Research Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Soils, Water & Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Cairo University Street, Giza, 12112- 9, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Abdel-Rahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo, 11884, Egypt. .,Al-Azhar Center of Fermentation Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Fatollahi P, Ghasemi M, Yazdian F, Sadeghi A. Ectoine production in bioreactor by Halomonas elongata DSM2581: Using MWCNT and Fe-nanoparticle. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3073. [PMID: 32862555 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Halomonas elongate produces ectoine to protect itselt from environmental stresses. In this research, important factors in the production of ectoine were optimized using statistical methods to achieve the best production efficiency in bioreactor. Screening important variables (ectoine, hydroxyectoine, l-aspartic acid, and glutamate) on H. elongate growth showed that ectoine and l-aspartic acid directly affect ectoine production. Two nanostructures, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe2 O3 NPs), were used to increase the availability of substrate for the microorganism. The results showed that Fe2 O3 nanoparticles and MWCNT could have a negative or positive effect on bacterial growth and ectoine production depending on the concentration of nanoparticles. At optimized conditions, the amounts of bacterial growth and ectoine production in fermenter were 10.4 g/L and 14.25 g/L, respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that nanoparticles improve bacterial growth and ectoine production at optimized concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Fatollahi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Ghasemi
- Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), AREEO, Karaj, Iran
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Timson DJ, Eardley J. Destressing Yeast for Higher Biofuel Yields: Can Excess Chaotropicity Be Mitigated? Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1368-1375. [PMID: 32803494 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels have the capacity to contribute to carbon dioxide emission reduction and to energy security as oil reserves diminish and/or become concentrated in politically unstable regions. However, challenges exist in obtaining the maximum yield from industrial fermentations. One challenge arises from the nature of alcohols. These compounds are chaotropic (i.e. causes disorder in the system) which causes stress in the microbes producing the biofuel. Brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) typically cannot grow at ethanol concentration much above 17% (v/v). Mitigation of these properties has the potential to increase yield. Previously, we have explored the effects of chaotropes on model enzyme systems and attempted (largely unsuccessfully) to offset these effects by kosmotropes (compounds which increase the order of the system, i.e. the "opposite" of chaotropes). Here we present some theoretical results which suggest that high molecular mass polyethylene glycols may be the most effective kosmotropic additives in terms of both efficacy and cost. The assumptions and limitations of these calculations are also presented. A deeper understanding of the effects of chaotropes on biofuel-producing microbes is likely to inform improvements in bioethanol yields and enable more rational approaches to the "neutralisation" of chaotropicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Timson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Joshua Eardley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
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Zhu D, Adebisi WA, Ahmad F, Sethupathy S, Danso B, Sun J. Recent Development of Extremophilic Bacteria and Their Application in Biorefinery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:483. [PMID: 32596215 PMCID: PMC7303364 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biorefining technology for biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass has made great progress in the world. However, mobilization of laboratory research toward industrial setup needs to meet a series of criteria, including the selection of appropriate pretreatment technology, breakthrough in enzyme screening, pathway optimization, and production technology, etc. Extremophiles play an important role in biorefinery by providing novel metabolic pathways and catalytically stable/robust enzymes that are able to act as biocatalysts under harsh industrial conditions on their own. This review summarizes the potential application of thermophilic, psychrophilic alkaliphilic, acidophilic, and halophilic bacteria and extremozymes in the pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation, and lignin valorization process. Besides, the latest studies on the engineering bacteria of extremophiles using metabolic engineering and synthetic biology technologies for high-efficiency biofuel production are also introduced. Furthermore, this review explores the comprehensive application potential of extremophiles and extremozymes in biorefinery, which is partly due to their specificity and efficiency, and points out the necessity of accelerating the commercialization of extremozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wasiu Adewale Adebisi
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fiaz Ahmad
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Blessing Danso
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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The roles and applications of chaotropes and kosmotropes in industrial fermentation processes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:89. [PMID: 32507915 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chaotropicity has long been recognised as a property of some compounds. Chaotropes tend to disrupt non-covalent interactions in biological macromolecules (e.g. proteins and nucleic acids) and supramolecular assemblies (e.g. phospholipid membranes). This results in the destabilisation and unfolding of these macromolecules and assemblies. Unsurprisingly, these compounds are typically harmful to living cells since they act against multiple targets, comprising cellular integrity and function. Kosmotropes are the opposite of chaotropes and these compounds promote the ordering and rigidification of biological macromolecules and assemblies. Since many biological macromolecules have optimum levels of flexibility, kosmotropes can also inhibit their activity and can be harmful to cells. Some products of industrial fermentations, most notably alcohols, are chaotropic. This property can be a limiting factor on rates of production and yields. It has been hypothesised that the addition of kosmotropes may mitigate the chaotropicity of some fermentation products. Some microbes naturally adapt to chaotropic environments by producing kosmotropic compatible solutes. Exploitation of this in industrial fermentations has been hampered by scientific and economic issues. The cost of the kosmotropes and their removal during purification needs to be considered. We lack a complete understanding of the chemistry of chaotropicity and a robust, quantitative framework for estimating overall chaotropicities of mixtures. This makes it difficult to predict the amount of kosmotrope required to neutralise the chaotropicity. This review considers examples of industrial fermentations where chaotropicity is an issue and suggests possible mitigations.
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Abstract
AbstractPurposeAt present, the nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of the microbial treatment in the high-salinity nitrogenous wastewaters is relatively low. Study on the N removal behavior and properties of moderately halophilic bacteriaHalomonasunder high salinity is of great significance for the microbial treatment of high-salinity nitrogenous wastewater.MethodsThe response mechanism ofHalomonassp. B01 to high osmotic pressure stress was investigated by measuring the compatible solute ectoine concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The salt tolerance during growth and N removal of the strain was evaluated by measuring the activities of growth-related and N removal–related enzymes and the mRNA expression abundance of ammonia monooxygenase-encoding gene (amoA). The process of simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SND) under high salinity was described by measuring the concentration of inorganic N.ResultHalomonassp. B01 synthesized ectoine under NaCl stress, and the intracellular ectoine concentration increased with increased NaCl concentration in the growth medium. When the NaCl concentration of the medium reached 120 g L−1, the malondialdehyde concentration and SOD activity were significantly increased to 576.1 μg mg−1and 1.7 U mg−1, respectively. The growth-related and N removal–related enzymes of the strain were active or most active in medium with 30–60 g L−1NaCl. TheamoAof the strain cultured in medium with 60 g L−1NaCl had the highest mRNA expression abundance. In the N removal medium containing 60 g L−1NaCl and 2121 mg L−1NH4+-N, SND byHalomonassp. B01 was performed over 96 h and the N removal rate reached 98.8%.ConclusionIn addition to the protective mechanism of synthetic compatible solutes,Halomonassp. B01 had the repair mechanism of SOD for lipid peroxidation. The growth-related and N removal–related enzymes of the strain were most active at a certain salt concentration;amoAalso had the highest mRNA expression abundance under high salinity.Halomonassp. B01 could efficiently perform N removal by SND under high salinity.
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Gießelmann G, Dietrich D, Jungmann L, Kohlstedt M, Jeon EJ, Yim SS, Sommer F, Zimmer D, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M, Jeong KJ, Becker J, Wittmann C. Metabolic Engineering of
Corynebacterium glutamicum
for High‐Level Ectoine Production: Design, Combinatorial Assembly, and Implementation of a Transcriptionally Balanced Heterologous Ectoine Pathway. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800417. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Gießelmann
- Institute of Systems BiotechnologySaarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Demian Dietrich
- Institute of Systems BiotechnologySaarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Lukas Jungmann
- Institute of Systems BiotechnologySaarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Kohlstedt
- Institute of Systems BiotechnologySaarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Eun J. Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKAIST 335 Gwahagno Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 305‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung S. Yim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKAIST 335 Gwahagno Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 305‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems BiologyTU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - David Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems BiologyTU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems BiologyTU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Systems BiologyTU Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - Ki J. Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKAIST 335 Gwahagno Yuseong‐gu Daejeon 305‐701 Republic of Korea
| | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems BiotechnologySaarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems BiotechnologySaarland University 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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Zhang K, Lu X, Li Y, Jiang X, Liu L, Wang H. New technologies provide more metabolic engineering strategies for bioethanol production in Zymomonas mobilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2087-2099. [PMID: 30661108 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol has been considered as a potentially renewable energy source, and metabolic engineering plays an important role in the production of biofuels. As an efficient ethanol-producing bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis has garnered special attention due to its high sugar uptake, ethanol yield, and tolerance. Different metabolic engineering strategies have been used to establish new metabolic pathways for Z. mobilis to broaden its substrate range, remove competing pathways, and enhance its tolerance to ethanol and lignocellulosic hydrolysate inhibitors. Recent advances in omics technology, computational modeling and simulation, system biology, and synthetic biology contribute to the efficient re-design and manipulation of microbes via metabolic engineering at the whole-cell level. In this review, we summarize the progress of some new technologies used for metabolic engineering to improve bioethanol production and tolerance in Z. mobilis. Some successful examples of metabolic engineering used to develop strains for ethanol production are described in detail. Lastly, some important strategies for future metabolic engineering efforts are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Hailei Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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Behazin R, Ebrahimi A. The physicochemical properties and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ectoine and its analogues: A theoretical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Vyrides I, Stuckey DC. Compatible solute addition to biological systems treating waste/wastewater to counteract osmotic and other environmental stresses: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:865-879. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1266460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - David C. Stuckey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Salmannejad F, Nafissi-Varcheh N. Ectoine and hydroxyectoine inhibit thermal-induced aggregation and increase thermostability of recombinant human interferon Alfa2b. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 97:200-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Zhang K, Shao H, Cao Q, He MX, Wu B, Feng H. Transcriptional analysis of adaptation to high glucose concentrations in Zymomonas mobilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2009-22. [PMID: 25582559 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis is usually tolerant to high concentrations of glucose. The addition of sorbitol decreases the lag phase and increases ethanol yield and productivity of the bacteria in high glucose concentrations. The molecular mechanisms of adaptation to high glucose concentrations and the effect of sorbitol are still unclear. In this study, microarray analysis was used to study the global transcriptional adaptation responses of Z. mobilis to high glucose concentrations. A total of 235 genes were differentially expressed when 220 g/L glucose was added with or without 10 mM sorbitol. These genes are involved in diverse aspects of cell metabolism and regulation, including membrane transporters, nitrogen metabolism, and plasmid-encoded genes. However, most differentially expressed genes were downregulated when sorbitol was added. Notably, the transcription of almost all genes involved in the Entner-Doudoroff and ethanol production pathways was not significantly affected. In addition, a prophage and a nitrogen-fixation cluster were significantly induced. These results revealed that Z. mobilis cells responded to high glucose concentrations by regulating the transcriptional levels of genes related to membrane channels and transporters, stress response mechanisms, and metabolic pathways. These data provide insight into the intracellular adaptation responses to high glucose concentrations and reveal strategies to engineer efficient ethanol fermentation in Z. mobilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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Cyplik P, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Marecik R, Czarny J, Drozdzyńska A, Chrzanowski Ł. Biological denitrification of brine: the effect of compatible solutes on enzyme activities and fatty acid degradation. Biodegradation 2012; 23:663-72. [PMID: 22286267 PMCID: PMC3411302 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-012-9542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the addition of compatible solutes (ectoine and trehalose) on the denitrification process of saline wastewater was studied. In saline wastewater, it was observed that the initial concentration of nitrates was 500 mg N l⁻¹. A fatty substance isolated from oiled bleaching earth (waste of vegetable oil refining process) was used as a source of carbon.The consortium, which was responsible for the denitrification process originated from the wastewater of the vegetable oil industry. The consortium of microorganisms was identified by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and sequencing techniques. It was noted that ectoine affects significantly the activity of lipase and nitrate reductase, and resulted in faster denitrification compared to saline wastewater with the addition of trehalose or control saline wastewater (without compatible solutes). It was observed that relative enzyme activities of lipase and nitrate reductase increased by 32 and 35%, respectively, in the presence of 1 mM ectoine. This resulted in an increase in specific nitrate reduction rate in the presence of 1 mM ectoine to 5.7 mg N g⁻¹ VSS h⁻¹, which was higher than in the absence of ectoine (3.2 mg N g⁻¹ VSS h⁻¹). The addition of trehalose did not have an effect on nitrate removals. Moreover, it was found that trehalose was used up completely by bacteria as a source of carbon in the denitrification process. The fatty acids were biodegraded by 74% in the presence of 1 mM ectoine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Cyplik
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland.
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Ectoines in cell stress protection: uses and biotechnological production. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:782-801. [PMID: 20600783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms produce and accumulate compatible solutes aiming at protecting themselves from environmental stresses. Among them, the wide spread in nature ectoines are receiving increasing attention by the scientific community because of their multiple applications. In fact, increasing commercial demand has led to a multiplication of efforts in order to improve processes for their production. In this review, the importance of current and potential applications of ectoines as protecting agents for macromolecules, cells and tissues, together with their potential as therapeutic agents for certain diseases are analyzed and current theories for the understanding of the molecular basis of their biological activity are discussed. The genetic, biochemical and environmental determinants of ectoines biosynthesis by natural and engineered producers are described. The major limitations of current bioprocesses used for ectoines production are discussed, with emphasis on the different microorganisms, environments, molecular engineering and fermentation strategies used to optimize the production and recovery of ectoines. The combined application of both bioprocess and metabolic engineering strategies, allowing a deeper understanding of the main factors controlling the production process is also stated. Finally, this review aims to summarize and update the state of the art in ectoines uses and applications and industrial scale production using bacteria, emphasizing the importance of reactor design and operation strategies, together with the metabolic engineering aspects and the need for feedback between wet and in silico work to optimize bioproduction.
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Nagata S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Sasaki H, Oshima A, Ishida A. Effect of moderate salinity stress treatment on the stimulation of proline uptake and growth in Escherichia coli CSH4 and its mutants under high salinity. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 108:205-10. [PMID: 19664553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Revised: 03/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activity of proline uptake in Escherichia coli CSH4 was inhibited in the presence of 1 M NaCl, while it was recovered if the cells were incubated at 30 degrees C for 1 h in a moderate salinity stress (MSS) solution which consists of Davis minimal medium with 5 mM proline and 0.5 M NaCl. Then, an attempt was made to examine whether MSS treatment is also effective on the activity restoration of proline uptake and growth under high salinity for E. coli CSH4 mutants with different combinations of proP, putA, putP, and proU which are related to the transport and metabolization of proline. After MSS treatment, proline uptake was vigorously occurred for the mutants with proline transporter gene proP but not for its deficient ones. For the expression of proline uptake activities of these mutant strains after MSS treatment, PO(4)(3-) in MSS solution is more important than K(+). No growth of strain CSH4 and its mutants without MSS treatment was observed, when cultured in high osmotic medium G (0.8 M NaCl) consisting of 1 mM glycine betaine and Davis minimal medium without potassium phosphate supplemented. After MSS treatment, however, mutant strains lacking proP showed sufficient growth in medium G. Cell growth of proP(+) strains was recognized if MSS treatment was performed in the absence of proline. In conclusion, growth of mutant strains under high-salinity medium G depended on their amount of proline accumulated during MSS treatment, in which K(+) and PO(4)(3-) might play a key role to guarantee their sufficient growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Nagata
- Environmental Biochemistry Division, Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Japan.
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