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Chen N, Wan G, Zeng X. Integrated Whole-Transcriptome Profiling and Bioinformatics Analysis of the Polypharmacological Effects of Ganoderic Acid Me in Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:833375. [PMID: 35574354 PMCID: PMC9093067 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.833375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderic acid Me (GA-Me) is a natural bioactive compound derived from Ganoderma lucidum. Our present results suggested that GA-Me inhibited proliferation, induced DNA fragmentation and significantly activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HCT116 cells. As shown in our previous studies, GA-Me targets several genes to prevent cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, we hypothesized that GA-Me might be a multitarget ligand against cancer. However, its exact mechanism in CRC remains unclear. Here, whole-transcriptome sequencing was employed to assess the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles of GA-Me-treated HCT116 cells. In total, 1572 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 123 DEcircRNAs, 87 DEmiRNAs, and 1508 DEmRNAs were identified. DCBLD2 and RAPGEF5 were validated as two core mRNAs in the DElncRNA, DEcircRNA, and DEmiRNA networks. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed the biological functions and potential mechanisms of TCONS-00008997, XR-925056.2, circRNA-07908, hsa-miR-100-3p, hsa-miR-1257, hsa-miR-3182, NAV3, ADAM20, and STARD4, which were altered after GA-Me treatment. The regulatory relationships of the XR-925056.2-hsa-miR-3182-NAV3/ADAM20/STARD4, circRNA-07908|Chr22:38986298-39025349-hsa-miR-3182-NAV3/ADAM20, ENST00000414039/ENST00000419190-novel874_mature-MMP9 and circRNA-00314|Chr1:35470863-35479212/circRNA-05460|Chr17:72592203-72649268-novel874_mature-MMP9 immune-regulatory networks involved both noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and mRNAs. Molecular docking studies showed that Zn2+ and the His201, His205, His211, Glu202, and Ala165 residues of MMP2 contributed to its high affinity for GA-Me. Zn2+ and the Glu402 and Gly186 residues of MMP9 are important for its interaction with GA-Me. Our results suggested and confirmed that GA-Me is a potential multitarget lead compound for CRC treatment with unique polypharmacological advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianhong Chen
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen,China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen,China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen,China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Altannavch N, Zhou X, Khan MA, Ahmed A, Naranmandakh S, Fu JJ, Chen HC. Anti-Oxidant and Anticancerous Effect of Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et Sing) Mushroom on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro through NF-kB Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1561-1570. [PMID: 34102992 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr. Bond. et Sing) is a medicinal mushroom, commonly called 'Agarikon', traditionally used to treat cough and asthma in the Mongolian population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the significance of biological activity of F. officinalis, and evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activity of six fractions of F. officinalis residues (Fo1-powder form dissolved in ethanol, Fo2-petroleum ether residue, Fo3-chloroformic, Fo4-ethylacetate, Fo5-buthanolic, and Fo6-water-ethanolic) against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS We performed in vitro studies of cell proliferation and viability assay, annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide assay, and NF-kB signaling pathway by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Our findings revealed that all six fractions/extracts have antioxidant activity, and somehow, they exert anticancerous effects against cancer cells. In cancerous cell lines (HepG2 and LO2), Fo3 chloroformic extract promoted the cancer cell apoptosis, cell viability, activated G2/M-phase cell cycle, and selectively induced NF-kB proteins, revealing itself as a novel antitumor extract. CONCLUSION This study reports that Fo3-chloroformic extract is rich in antitumor activity; it was previously not investigated in cancer. To study the impact of F. officinalis among natural products to treat/prevent oxidative stress disorders or cancers, further examinations are needed. However, this study assessed only one extract, Fo3-chloroformic, which has a significant impact on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyamsambuu Altannavch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shinen Naranmandakh
- School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201. Mongolia
| | - Jun-Jiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Han-Chun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, China
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Varghese R, Dalvi YB, Lamrood PY, Shinde BP, Nair CKK. Historical and current perspectives on therapeutic potential of higher basidiomycetes: an overview. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:362. [PMID: 31572645 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1886-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are macroscopic fungi which can be either epigeous or hypogeous and is estimated to be 140,000 on earth, yet only 10% are known. Since ancient time, it played a diverse role in human history for mycolatry, mycophagy and as medicine in folklore and religion. Many Asian and western countries consider mushrooms as panacea for a large number of diseases and utilized for consumption as a gourmet food for its taste as well as flavor. In recent years, scientific research fraternities have confirmed that various extracts and metabolites of mushrooms used traditionally are able to treat a wide range of diseases due to their balanced modulation of multiple targets thereby providing a greater therapeutic effect or equivalent curative effect to that of modern medicine. Medicinal mushrooms especially those belonging to higher basidiomycete groups are reservoir of bioactive compounds with multiple therapeutic properties. The present review provides historical importance as well as an updated information on pharmacologically relevant higher basidiomycetes belong to the genus Agaricus, Auricularia, Phellinus, Ganoderma, Pleurotus, Trametes and Lentinus and their biologically active secondary metabolites. This will help the researchers to understand various type of secondary metabolites, their therapeutic role and related in vivo or in vitro work at a glance. The mounting evidences from several scientific community across the globe, regarding various therapeutic applications of mushroom extracts, unarguably make it an advance research area worth mass attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Varghese
- 1Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101 India
- MACFAST, Tiruvalla, Kerala India
| | - Yogesh Bharat Dalvi
- 1Pushpagiri Research Centre, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla, Kerala 689101 India
| | - Prasad Y Lamrood
- 3Department of Botany, Ahmednagar College (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Ahmednagar, Maharashtra India
| | - Bharat P Shinde
- Vidya Pratishthan's Arts Science Commerce College, Baramati, Maharashtra India
| | - C K K Nair
- MACFAST, Tiruvalla, Kerala India
- St. Gregorios Dental College and Research Centre, Kothamangalam, Kerala India
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Enhanced production of polysaccharides and triterpenoids in Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies on induction with signal transduction during the fruiting stage. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196287. [PMID: 29694432 PMCID: PMC5919040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom that has been widely used in East Asia for the treatment of various diseases. The pharmacological activity of this fungus is primarily attributable to the polysaccharides and triterpenoids. In this study, to obtain the fruit bodies with improved content of active constituents, we examined the effect of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium ion on the biosynthesis of polysaccharides and triterpenoids by spraying the chemicals during the fruiting. To explore the underlying mechanisms for the variation, the transcripts of related genes involved in the polysaccharide and triterpenoid biosynthesis were measured. Results showed that Ca2+ had no effect on production of polysaccharides and triterpenoids, whereas SA increased triterpenoid content by 23.32%, compared to the control, but it had little influence on polysaccharide production. Interestingly, the combined induction increased polysaccharide and triterpenoid content by 9.02% and 13.61%, respectively, compared to the control. Under Ca2+ induction, the transcript of ugp gene in the polysaccharide biosynthetic pathway up-regulated in all three stages (mycelium, primordium, and fruit body), while pgm and gls gave no response in the mycelium and primordium stages, and up-regulated in the fruit body stage. Differently, six key triterpenoid biosynthetic genes including hmgr, hmgs, mvd, fps, sqs, and ls did not respond to the induction. In the case of SA and combined induction, pgm and ugp were up-regulated in all three stages, while gls showed an increased expression in the primordium stage and no response in other stages. The six triterpenoid biosynthetic genes were up-regulated in all three stages. The present study provides a useful approach to producing G. lucidum fruit bodies with high polysaccharide and triterpenoid content. This is important to the G. lucidum industry.
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Gill BS, Navgeet, Mehra R, Kumar V, Kumar S. Ganoderic acid, lanostanoid triterpene: a key player in apoptosis. Invest New Drugs 2017; 36:136-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gill BS, Navgeet, Kumar S. Ganoderma lucidum targeting lung cancer signaling: A review. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317707437. [PMID: 28653896 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317707437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes huge mortality to population, and pharmaceutical companies require new drugs as an alternative either synthetic or natural targeting lung cancer. The conventional therapies cause side effects, and therefore, natural products are used as a therapeutic candidate in lung cancer. Chemical diversity among natural products highlights the impact of evolution and survival of fittest. One such neglected natural product is Ganoderma lucidum used for promoting health and longevity for a longer time. The major bioconstituents of G. lucidum are mainly terpenes, polysaccharides, and proteins, which were explored for various activities ranging from apoptosis to autophagy. The bioconstituents of G. lucidum activate plasma membrane receptors and initiate various downstream signaling leading to nuclear factor-κB, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin in cancer. The bioconstituents regulate the expression of various genes involved in cell cycle, immune response, apoptosis, and autophagy in lung cancer. This review highlights the inextricable role of G. lucidum and its bioconstituents in lung cancer signaling for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Singh Gill
- 1 Centre for Biosciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Navgeet
- 2 Department of Biotechnology, Doaba College, Jalandhar, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- 3 Centre for Plant Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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Lee JI, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Crude extract and solvent fractions of Calystegia soldanella induce G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle in HepG2 cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:414-420. [PMID: 28101580 PMCID: PMC5238786 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The representative halophyte Calystegia soldanella (L) Roem. et Schult is a perennial vine herb that grows in coastal dunes throughout South Korea as well as in other regions around the world. This plant has long been used as an edible and medicinal herb to cure rheumatic arthritis, sore throat, dropsy, and scurvy. Some studies have also shown that this plant species exhibits various biological activities. However, there are few studies on cytotoxicity induced by C. soldanella treatment in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the viability of HepG2 cells following treatment with crude extracts and four solvent-partitioned fractions of C. soldanella. Of the crude extract and four solvent fractions tested, treatment with the 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH) fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction induced a G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle progression. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction arrested HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner, and resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Additionally, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction treatment also arrested HepG2 cells in the S phase, with decreased expression of cyclin A, CDK2, and CDC25A. Also, treatment with this fraction reduced the expression of retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the transcription factor E2F. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibits potential anticancer activity in HepG2 cells by inducing G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Tubulin polymerization-stimulating activity of Ganoderma triterpenoids. J Nat Med 2017; 71:457-462. [PMID: 28078535 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin polymerization is an important target for anticancer therapies. Even though the potential of Ganoderma triterpenoids against various cancer targets had been well documented, studies on their tubulin polymerization-stimulating activity are scarce. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Ganoderma triterpenoids on tubulin polymerization. A total of twenty-four compounds were investigated using an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. Results showed that most of the studied triterpenoids exhibited microtuble-stabilizing activity to different degrees. Among the investigated compounds, ganoderic acid T-Q, ganoderiol F, ganoderic acid S, ganodermanontriol and ganoderic acid TR were found to have the highest activities. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was performed. Extensive investigation of the SAR suggests the favorable structural features for the tubulin polymerization-stimulating activity of lanostane triterpenes. These findings would be helpful for further studies on the potential mechanisms of the anticancer activity of Ganoderma triterpenoids and give some indications on the design of tubulin-targeting anticancer agents.
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Secondary Metabolites from Higher Fungi. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 106 2017; 106:1-201. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59542-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Wang XL, Ding ZY, Liu GQ, Yang H, Zhou GY. Improved Production and Antitumor Properties of Triterpene Acids from Submerged Culture of Ganoderma lingzhi. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101395. [PMID: 27775633 PMCID: PMC6273529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpene acids (TAs) are the major bioactive constituents in the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lingzhi. However, fermentative production of TAs has not been optimized for commercial use, and whether the TAs isolated from G. lingzhi submerged culture mycelia possess antitumor activity needs to be further proven. In this study, enhanced TA yield and productivity were attained with G. lingzhi using response surface methodology. The interactions of three variables were studied using a Box-Benhnken design, namely initial pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and fermentation temperature. The optimum conditions were an initial pH of 5.9, 20.0% DO and 28.6 °C. These conditions resulted in a TA yield of 308.1 mg/L in a 5-L stirred bioreactor. Furthermore, the optimized conditions were then successfully scaled up to a production scale of 200 L, and maximum TA production and productivity of 295.3 mg/L and 49.2 mg/L/day were achieved, which represented 80.9% and 111.5% increases, respectively, compared with the non-optimized conditions. Additionally, the triterpene acid extract (TAE) from G. lingzhi mycelia was found to be cytotoxic to the SMMC-7721 and SW620 cell lines in vitro, and the TAE exhibited dose-dependent antitumor activity against the solid tumor sarcoma 180 in vivo. Chemical analysis revealed that the key active triterpene compounds, ganoderic acid T and ganoderic acid Me, predominated in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Zhong-Yang Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Hailong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Guo-Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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Misconstrued versatility of Ganoderma lucidum: a key player in multi-targeted cellular signaling. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2789-804. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Que Z, Zou F, Zhang A, Zheng Y, Bi L, Zhong J, Tian J, Liu J. Ganoderic acid Me induces the apoptosis of competent T cells and increases the proportion of Treg cells through enhancing the expression and activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in mouse lewis lung cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:192-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1789-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang WX, Zhong JJ. Oxygen limitation improves ganoderic acid biosynthesis in submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Manosroi A, Chankhampan C, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. Anti-proliferative and matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibition of Longkong (Lansium domesticum) extracts on human mouth epidermal carcinoma. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1311-1320. [PMID: 23763335 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.790064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Longkong [Lansium domesticum Corr. (Meliaceae)] is a popular tropical plant producing economic edible fruits found mainly in Southeast Asia. However, limited information is available concerning anticancer activity of Longkong. OBJECTIVE To investigate anticancer activities in human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) of Longkong extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various parts of Longkong which was collected from Northern and Eastern of Thailand were extracted by the hot and cold processes using water, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were tested for anti-oxidative activities and anti-proliferation as well as matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on KB cells. RESULTS The hot water extract of seeds from Northern region (NSEWH), the cold water extract of old leaves from Northern region (NOLWC), and the hot chloroform extract of young leaves from Eastern region (EYLCH) showed the highest free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, and lipid peroxidation inhibition with SC50, MC50 and IPC50 values of 0.34 ± 0.03, 0.47 ± 1.60 and 0.86 ± 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. The hot and cold chloroform extract of young fruits from Northern region (NYFCH and NYFCC) exhibited anti-proliferation effect against KB cells with IC50 values of 603.45 ± 55.35 and 765.06 ± 46.19 mg/ml, respectively. NYFCC exhibited the highest pro- and active MMP-2 inhibition at 53.03 ± 2.65 and 31.30 ± 0.43%, more than all tested standard anticancer drugs except cisplatin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The cold chloroform extract of young fruits from Northern region appeared to contain anticancer active compounds against KB cells because of its high anti-proliferation and MMP-2 inhibition activities.
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Li YB, Wang JL, Zhong JJ. Enhanced recovery of four antitumor ganoderic acids from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia by a novel process of simultaneous extraction and hydrolysis. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Improving the fermentation production of the individual key triterpene ganoderic acid me by the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum in submerged culture. Molecules 2012; 17:12575-86. [PMID: 23095899 PMCID: PMC6269005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced ganoderic acid Me (GA-Me, an important anti-tumor triterpene) yield was attained with the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology (RSM). Interactions were studied with three variables, viz. glucose, peptone and culture time using a Central Composite Design (CCD). The CCD contains a total of 20 experiments with the first 14 experiments organized in a fractional factorial design, with the experimental trails from 15 to 20 involving the replications of the central points. A polynomial model, describing the relationships between the yield of GA-Me and the three factors in a second-order equation, was developed. The model predicted the maximum GA-Me yield of 11.9 mg·L−1 for glucose, peptone, culture time values of 44.4 g·L−1, 5.0 g·L−1, 437.1 h, respectively, and a maximum GA-Me yield of 12.4 mg·L−1 was obtained in the validation experiment, which represented a 129.6% increase in titre compared to that of the non-optimized conditions. In addition, 11.4 mg·L−1 of GA-Me was obtained in a 30-L agitated fermenter under the optimized conditions, suggesting the submerged culture conditions optimized in the present study were also suitable for GA-Me production on a large scale.
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Liriodenine induces G1/S cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells via nitric oxide- and p53-mediated pathway. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pharmacokinetics of ganoderic acids a and f after oral administration of ling zhi preparation in healthy male volunteers. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:780892. [PMID: 22577465 PMCID: PMC3346975 DOI: 10.1155/2012/780892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ganoderic acids A and F after a single oral dose of the water extract of MG2-strain Ling Zhi (MG2FB-WE) and to assess the influence of food on the pharmacokinetics in 12 healthy male volunteers. This study was a single-dose, open-label, randomized, two-phase crossover study with at least 2 wk washout period. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of 3,000 mg of MG2FB-WE in granular formulation dissolved in 200 mL of warm water, either under a fasting condition, or immediately after a standard breakfast (fed condition). Blood samples were collected immediately before and at specific time points until 8 h after MG2FB-WE administration. Plasma ganoderic acids A and F concentrations were determined by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic profile of both ganoderic acids under a fasting condition was characterized by rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract (Tmax at approximately 30 min) and a short elimination half-life (<40 min). Food significantly decreased Cmax and delayed Tmax, but did not affect the extent of ganoderic acid A absorption. However, concomitant food intake markedly impeded both rate and extent of ganoderic acid F absorption.
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Liu RM, Li YB, Zhong JJ. Cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of novel ganoderic acid derivatives on human cervical cancer cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 681:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Fatmawati S, Shimizu K, Kondo R. Ganoderol B: a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1053-5. [PMID: 21596546 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitor has considerable potential as a diabetes mellitus type 2 drug because it prevents the digestion of carbohydrates. The search for the constituents reducing α-glucosidase activity led to the finding of active compounds in the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. The CHCl(3) extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum was found to show inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase in vitro. The neutral fraction, with an IC(50) of 88.7 μg/ml, had stronger inhibition than a positive control, acarbose, with an IC(50) of 336.7 μg/ml (521.5 μM). The neutral fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and repeated p-HPLC to provide an active compound, (3β,24E)-lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3,26-diol (ganoderol B). It was found to have high α-glucosidase inhibition, with an IC(50) of 48.5 μg/ml (119.8 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Fatmawati
- Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Chen NH, Zhong JJ. p53 is important for the anti-invasion of ganoderic acid T in human carcinoma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:719-725. [PMID: 21353507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The function of p53 induced by ganoderic acids (GAs) in anti-invasion was unknown, although our previous work reported the inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by Ganoderic acid T (GA-T). This work indicated that GA-T promoted cell aggregation, inhibited cell adhesion and surpressed cell migration with a dose-dependent manner in human colon tumor cell lines of HCT-116 p53(+/+) and p53(-/-). Furthermore, comparing the ratios of HCT-116 p53(+/+) and p53(-/-) cells, p53 modified GA-T inhibition of migration and adhesion and GA-T promotion of cell aggregation, and p53 also modified GA-T inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation, IκBα degradation, and down-regulation of urokinase-type plaminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) protein expression and inducible nitric oxide (NO) production. The results indicated that p53 played an important role in anti-invasion of GA-T in human carcinoma cells. p53 may be an important target for GA-T inhibiting human carcinoma cells anti-invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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Jiang Z, Jin T, Gao F, Liu J, Zhong J, Zhao H. Effects of Ganoderic acid Me on inhibiting multidrug resistance and inducing apoptosis in multidrug resistant colon cancer cells. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Liu RM, Zhong JJ. Ganoderic acid Mf and S induce mitochondria mediated apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:349-355. [PMID: 21036023 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of a pair of positional isomer of ganoderic acids (GAs), namely ganoderic acid Mf (GA-Mf) and ganoderic acid S (GA-S) purified from the fermented mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum, on induction of cell apoptosis and the apoptotic pathway in HeLa cells were investigated. The results demonstrate that both isomers decreased cell population growth on various human carcinoma cell lines by MTT assay, while GA-Mf had better selectivity between normal and cancer cells. The flow cytometry analysis indicated that treatment of HeLa cells with GA-S caused cell cycle arrest in the S phase, while GA-Mf caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Compared with GA-S, GA-Mf had more potent increase in the number of early and late apoptotic cells. Treatment of HeLa cells with each isomer decreased the mitochondria membrane potential and caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, stimulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity was observed. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was also increased in GA-treated HeLa cells. The results demonstrated that both isomers GA-Mf and GA-S induced apoptosis of human HeLa cells through a mitochondria mediated pathway, but they had the different cell cycle arrest specificity. The findings will be helpful to the development of useful cancer chemopreventive compounds from G. lucidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Zhou L, Shi P, Chen NH, Zhong JJ. Ganoderic acid Me induces apoptosis through mitochondria dysfunctions in human colon carcinoma cells. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Biotechnological production and application of ganoderic acids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:457-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Um YR, Kong CS, Lee JI, Kim YA, Nam TJ, Seo Y. Evaluation of chemical constituents from Glehnia littoralis for antiproliferative activity against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cao H, Feng Q, Xu W, Li X, Kang Z, Ren Y, Du L. Genipin Induced Apoptosis Associated with Activation of the c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase and p53 Protein in HeLa Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1343-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Houli Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University
| | - Yanqin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University
| | - Linfang Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University
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