1
|
Ma Z, Elango J, Hao J, Wu W. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 Isolated from the South China Sea. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:267. [PMID: 38921578 PMCID: PMC11204972 DOI: 10.3390/md22060267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel fibrinolytic enzyme, BSFE1, was isolated from the marine bacterium Bacillus sp. S-3685 (GenBank No.: KJ023685) found in the South China Sea. This enzyme, with a molecular weight of approximately 42 kDa and a specific activity of 736.4 U/mg, exhibited its highest activity at 37 °C in a phosphate buffer at pH 8.0. The fibrinolytic enzyme remained stable over a pH range of 7.5 to 10.0 and retained about 76% of its activity after being incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme at 37 °C were determined to be 2.1 μM and 49.0 μmol min-1 mg-1, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of BSFE1 was enhanced by Na+, Ba2+, K+, Co2+, Mn2+, Al3+, and Cu2+, while it was inhibited by Fe3+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+. These findings indicate that the fibrinolytic enzyme isolated in this study exhibits a strong affinity for fibrin. Moreover, the enzyme we have purified demonstrates thrombolytic enzymatic activity. These characteristics make BSFE1 a promising candidate for thrombolytic therapy. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study suggest that our work holds potential in the development of agents for thrombolytic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Ma
- School of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou 318020, China;
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Polar Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abu-Tahon MA, Abdel-Majeed AM, Ghareib M, Housseiny MM, Abdallah WE. Thrombolytic and anticoagulant efficiencies of purified fibrinolytic enzyme produced from Cochliobolus hawaiiensis under solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1954-1971. [PMID: 37463837 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cochliobolus hawaiiensis Alcorn Assiut University Mycological Centre 8606 was chosen from the screened 20 fungal species as the potent producer of fibrinolytic enzyme on skimmed-milk agar plates. The greatest enzyme yield was attained when the submerged fermentation (SmF) conditions were optimized, and it was around (39.7 U/mg protein). Moreover, upon optimization of fibrinolytic enzyme production under solid-state fermentation (SSF), the maximum productivity of fibrinolytic enzyme was greatly increased recorded a bout (405 U/mg protein) on sugarcane bagasse, incubation period of 5 days, moisture level of 100%, initial pH of salt basal medium 7.8, incubation temperature at 35°C, and supplementation of the salt basal medium with corn steep liquor (80%, v/v). The yield of fibrinolytic enzyme by C. hawaiiensis under SSF was higher than that of SmF with about 10.20-fold. The purification procedures of fibrinolytic enzyme by ammonium sulfate (70%), gel filtration, and ion-exchange columns chromatography caused a great increase in its specific activity to 2581.6 U/mg protein with an overall yield of 55.89%, 6.37 purification fold and molecular weight of 35 kDa. Maximal activity was recorded at pH 7 and 37°C. Significant pH stability was recorded at pH 6.6-7.2, and thermal stability was recorded at 33-41°C. The enzyme showed the highest affinity toward fibrin, with Vmax of 240 U/mL and an apparent Km value of 47.61 mmol. Mg2+ and Ca2+ moderately induced fibrinolytic activity, whereas Cu2+ and Zn2+ greatly suppressed the enzyme activity. The produced enzyme is categorized as serine protease and non-metalloprotease. The purified fibrinolytic enzyme showed efficient thrombolytic and antiplatelet aggregation activities by completely prevention and dissolution of the blood clot which confirmed by microscopic examination and amelioration of blood coagulation assays. These findings suggested that the produced fibrinolytic enzyme is a promising agent in management of blood coagulation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medhat Ahmed Abu-Tahon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Abdel-Majeed
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minya City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ghareib
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Maher Housseiny
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa E Abdallah
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Baky NA, Amara AAAF, Redwan EM. Nutraceutical and therapeutic importance of clots and their metabolites. NUTRACEUTICALS 2023:241-268. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-19193-0.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
4
|
Sharma C, Osmolovskiy A, Singh R. Microbial Fibrinolytic Enzymes as Anti-Thrombotics: Production, Characterisation and Prodigious Biopharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1880. [PMID: 34834294 PMCID: PMC8625737 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disorders such as acute myocardial infarction, embolism and stroke are primarily attributed to excessive fibrin accumulation in the blood vessels, usually consequential in thrombosis. Numerous methodologies including the use of anti-coagulants, anti-platelet drugs, surgical operations and fibrinolytic enzymes are employed for the dissolution of fibrin clots and hence ameliorate thrombosis. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have attracted much more attention in the management of cardiovascular disorders than typical anti-thrombotic strategies because of the undesirable after-effects and high expense of the latter. Fibrinolytic enzymes such as plasminogen activators and plasmin-like proteins hydrolyse thrombi with high efficacy with no significant after-effects and can be cost effectively produced on a large scale with a short generation time. However, the hunt for novel fibrinolytic enzymes necessitates complex purification stages, physiochemical and structural-functional attributes, which provide an insight into their mechanism of action. Besides, strain improvement and molecular technologies such as cloning, overexpression and the construction of genetically modified strains for the enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzymes significantly improve their thrombolytic potential. In addition, the unconventional applicability of some fibrinolytic enzymes paves their way for protein hydrolysis in addition to fibrin/thrombi, blood pressure regulation, anti-microbials, detergent additives for blood stain removal, preventing dental caries, anti-inflammatory and mucolytic expectorant agents. Therefore, this review article encompasses the production, biochemical/structure-function properties, thrombolytic potential and other surplus applications of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Alexander Osmolovskiy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karami Z, Tamri H, Badoei-dalfard A. Immobilization of Protease KHB3 onto Magnetic Metal–Organic Frameworks and Investigation of Its Biotechnological Applications. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
6
|
Diwan D, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Nelson JW, Thakur VK, Christie G, Molina G, Gupta VK. Thrombolytic Enzymes of Microbial Origin: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10468. [PMID: 34638809 PMCID: PMC8508633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme therapies are attracting significant attention as thrombolytic drugs during the current scenario owing to their great affinity, specificity, catalytic activity, and stability. Among various sources, the application of microbial-derived thrombolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes to prevent and treat vascular occlusion is promising due to their advantageous cost-benefit ratio and large-scale production. Thrombotic complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and peripheral occlusive diseases resulting from blood vessel blockage are the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality. Given the ability of microbial thrombolytic enzymes to dissolve blood clots and prevent any adverse effects, their use as a potential thrombolytic therapy has attracted great interest. A better understanding of the hemostasis and fibrinolytic system may aid in improving the efficacy and safety of this treatment approach over classical thrombolytic agents. Here, we concisely discuss the physiological mechanism of thrombus formation, thrombo-, and fibrinolysis, thrombolytic and fibrinolytic agents isolated from bacteria, fungi, and algae along with their mode of action and the potential application of microbial enzymes in thrombosis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.D.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science & Technology, Techno City, Killing Road, Baridua 9th Mile 793101, Meghalaya, India; (Z.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science & Technology, Techno City, Killing Road, Baridua 9th Mile 793101, Meghalaya, India; (Z.U.); (M.S.)
| | - James W. Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.D.); (J.W.N.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Graham Christie
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK;
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Bioflavors and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil;
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
- Centre for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Altaf F, Wu S, Kasim V. Role of Fibrinolytic Enzymes in Anti-Thrombosis Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:680397. [PMID: 34124160 PMCID: PMC8194080 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.680397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis, a major cause of deaths in this modern era responsible for 31% of all global deaths reported by WHO in 2017, is due to the aggregation of fibrin in blood vessels which leads to myocardial infarction or other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Classical agents such as anti-platelet, anti-coagulant drugs or other enzymes used for thrombosis treatment at present could leads to unwanted side effects including bleeding complication, hemorrhage and allergy. Furthermore, their high cost is a burden for patients, especially for those from low and middle-income countries. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel and low-cost drugs for thrombosis treatment. Fibrinolytic enzymes, including plasmin like proteins such as proteases, nattokinase, and lumbrokinase, as well as plasminogen activators such as urokinase plasminogen activator, and tissue-type plasminogen activator, could eliminate thrombi with high efficacy rate and do not have significant drawbacks by directly degrading the fibrin. Furthermore, they could be produced with high-yield and in a cost-effective manner from microorganisms as well as other sources. Hence, they have been considered as potential compounds for thrombosis therapy. Herein, we will discuss about natural mechanism of fibrinolysis and thrombus formation, the production of fibrinolytic enzymes from different sources and their application as drugs for thrombosis therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Altaf
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- The Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khankari S, Badoei-Dalfard A, Karami Z. Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates of Fibrinolytic Protease BC1 Immobilized on Magnetic Chitosan Nanoparticles (CLEAs-Fib-mChi): Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2004-2027. [PMID: 33538961 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial fibrinolytic proteases achieved more attention in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, so purification, characterization, and activity enhancement are of prime importance. In this study, a fibrinolytic serine metalloprotease was purified from the culture supernatant from Bacillus sp. BC1. It was purified to homogeneity by a two-step procedure with a 24-fold increase in specific activity and a 33.1% yield. It showed 28 kDa molecular weight, while its optimal pH and temperature were obtained 8 and 50-60 °C. The cross-link enzyme aggregates of this fibrinolytic BC1 successfully immobilized on magnetic chitosan nanoparticles. A 52% activity enhancement was obtained by immobilized enzyme at pH 6.0, compared to free protease. Km values of the free and immobilized proteases were obtained about 0.638 and 0.61 mg/ml, respectively. The free and immobilized enzymes did not show any activity concerning transferrin, γ-globulins, and hemoglobin, as blood plasma proteins. The in vitro blood clot lysis test of the free and immobilized proteases showed a maximum of 42 and 50% clot lysis, which was comparatively higher than that revealed by streptokinase and heparin at the same condition. These results indicated that the free and immobilized proteases have the potential to be effective fibrinolytic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Khankari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arastoo Badoei-Dalfard
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Karami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kornienko EI, Osmolovskiy AA, Kreyer VG, Baranova NA, Kotova IB, Egorov NS. Characteristics and Properties of the Complex of Proteolytic Enzymes of the Thrombolytic Action of the Micromycete Sarocladium strictum. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
10
|
Moula Ali AM, Bavisetty SCB. Purification, physicochemical properties, and statistical optimization of fibrinolytic enzymes especially from fermented foods: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1498-1517. [PMID: 32781120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes are proteases responsible for cleavage of fibrin mesh in thrombus clots, which are the primary causative agents in cardiovascular diseases. Developing safe, effective and cheap thrombolytic agents are important for prevention and cure of thrombosis. Although a wide variety of sources have been discovered for fibrinolytic enzymes, only few of them have been employed in clinical and therapeutic applications due to the drawbacks such as high cost of production, low stability of enzyme or therapeutic side effects. However, the discovery of new fibrinolytic enzymes requires complex purification stages and characterization, which gives an insight into their diverse modes of action. Post-discovery, approaches such as a) statistical optimization for fermentative bioprocessing and b) genetic engineering are advantageous in providing economic viability by finding simple and cost-effective medium, strain development with sufficient nutrient supplements for stable and high-level production of recombinant enzyme. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of different sources, purification techniques, production through genetic engineering approaches and statistical optimization of fermentation parameters as proteases have a wide variety of industrial and biotechnological applications making 60% of total enzyme market worldwide. New strategies targeting increased enzyme yields, non-denaturing environments, improved stability, enzyme activity and strain improvement have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Muhammed Moula Ali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Sri Charan Bindu Bavisetty
- Department of Fermentation Technology, Faculty of Food-Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han L, Li Y, Meng X, Chu G, Guo Y, Noman M, Dong Y, Li H, Yang J, Du L. De novo transcriptome sequencing of Paecilomyces tenuipes revealed genes involved in adenosine biosynthesis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3976-3984. [PMID: 32901833 PMCID: PMC7533470 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Paecilomyces tenuipes (P. tenuipes), a Chinese medicinal fungus in scientific research, is limited due to its low adenosine content. To improve adenosine production, the present study investigated the gene network of adenosine biosynthesis in P. tenuipes via transcriptome analysis. Mycelia of P. tenuipes cultured for 24 h (PT24), 102 h (PT102) and 196 h (PT192) were subjected to RNA sequencing. In total, 13,353 unigenes were obtained. Based on sequence similarity, 8,099 unigenes were annotated with known proteins. Of these 8,099 unigenes, 5,123 had functions assigned based on Gene Ontology terms while 4,158 were annotated based on the Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups database. Moreover, 1,272 unigenes were mapped to 281 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. In addition, the differential gene expression of the three libraries was also performed. A total of 601, 1,658 and 628 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in PT24 vs. PT102, PT24 vs. PT192 and PT102 vs. PT192 groups, respectively. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was performed to analyze the expression levels of 14 DEGs putatively associated with adenosine biosynthesis in P. tenuipes. The results showed that two DEGs were closely associated with adenosine accumulation of P. tenuipes. The present study not only provides an improved understanding of the genetic information of P. tenuipes but also the findings can be used to aid research into P. tenuipes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Han
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yaying Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Chu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Linna Du
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma C, Salem GEM, Sharma N, Gautam P, Singh R. Thrombolytic Potential of Novel Thiol-Dependent Fibrinolytic Protease from Bacillus cereus RSA1. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E3. [PMID: 31861284 PMCID: PMC7022875 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the production and thrombolytic potential of a novel thermostable thiol-dependent fibrinolytic protease by Bacillus cereus RSA1. Statistical optimization of different parameters was accomplished with Plackett-Burman design and validated further by central composite design with 30.75 U/mL protease production. Precipitation and chromatographic approaches resulted in 33.11% recovery with 2.32-fold purification. The molecular weight of fibrinolytic protease was 40 KDa and it exhibited a broad temperature and pH stability range of 20-80 °C and pH 5-10 with utmost activity at 50 °C and pH 8, respectively. The protease retained its fibrinolytic activity in organic solvents and enhanced the activity in solutions with divalent cations (Mn2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+). The enzyme kinetics revealed Km and Vmax values of 1.093 mg/mL and 52.39 µg/mL/min, respectively, indicating higher affinity of fibrinolytic activity towards fibrin. Also, complete inhibition of fibrinolytic activity with DFP and a 2-fold increase with DTT and β-mercaptoethanol indicates its thiol-dependent serine protease nature. MALDI-TOF analysis showed 56% amino acid sequence homology with Subtilisin NAT OS = Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto. The fibrinolysis activity was compared with a commercial thrombolytic agent for its therapeutic applicability, and fibrinolytic protease was found highly significant with absolute blood clot dissolution within 4 h in in vitro conditions. The isolated fibrinolytic protease of Bacillus cereus RSA1 is novel and different from other known fibrinolytic proteases with high stability and efficacy, which might have wide medicinal and industrial application as a thrombolytic agent and in blood stain removal, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
| | - Gad Elsayed Mohamed Salem
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa st., Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Neha Sharma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
| | - Prerna Gautam
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
| | - Rajni Singh
- Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joji K, Santhiagu A, Salim N. Computational modeling of culture media for enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzyme from marine bacterium Fictibacillus sp. strain SKA27 and in vitro evaluation of fibrinolytic activity. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:323. [PMID: 31406645 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the optimized production and purification of an extremely active fibrinolytic enzyme from newly isolated marine bacterium Fictibacillus sp. strain SKA27, with a specific activity of 125,107.85 U/mg and an apparent molecular weight of 28 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Wheat bran extract used for submerged production proved to be highly beneficial and enhanced fibrinolytic enzyme production when combined with yeast extract and CaCl2. Optimization of culture media by response surface methodology (RSM) resulted in high root mean square error (RMSE), which led to the training of a back propagation multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) with 3-5-1 topology for better prediction quality. The prediction and optimization capabilities of regression and ANN were critically examined and ANN displayed higher proficiency with R 2 of 0.99 and RMSE of 2.0 compared to 0.98 R 2 and 48.9 RMSE of the regression model. An adept ANN linked genetic algorithm (GA) optimized the medium components to achieve 1.8-fold higher enzyme production (4175.41 U/mL). Further, a new and improved in vitro qualitative analysis displayed high specificity of purified enzyme to fibrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Joji
- Bioprocess Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 India
| | - A Santhiagu
- Bioprocess Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 India
| | - Nisha Salim
- Bioprocess Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601 India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu Y, Yu D, Wang Z, Hou J, Tyagi R, Liang Y, Hu Y. Purification and characterization of a novel, highly potent fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis DC27 screened from Douchi, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean food. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9235. [PMID: 31239529 PMCID: PMC6592948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis DC27 and isolated from Douchi, a traditional fermented soybean food. The DFE27 enzyme was purified from the fermentation broth of B. subtilis DC27 by using UNOsphere Q column chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography. It was 29 kDa in molecular mass and showed the optimal reaction temperature and pH value of 45 °C and 7.0, respectively, with a stable fibrinolytic activity below 50 °C and within the pH range of 6.0 to 10.0. DFE27 was identified as a serine protease due to its complete inhibition by phenylmethysulfony fluoride. The first 24 amino acid residues of the N-terminal sequence of the enzyme were AQSVPYGVSQIKAPALHSQGFTGS. The enzyme displayed the highest specificity toward the substrate D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA for plasmin and it could not only directly degrade but also hydrolyze fibrin by activating plasminogen into plasmin. Overall, the DFE27 enzyme was obviously different from other known fibrinolytic enzymes in the optimum substrate specificity or fibrinolytic action mode, suggesting that it is a novel fibrinolytic enzyme and may have potential applications in the treatment and prevention of thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation& Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Dan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhaoting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianjun Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation& Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Rohit Tyagi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan, 430068, China.
| | - Yongmei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
da Silva MM, Rocha TA, de Moura DF, Chagas CA, de Aguiar Júnior FCA, da Silva Santos NP, Da Silva Sobral RV, do Nascimento JM, Lima Leite AC, Pastrana L, Costa RMPB, Nascimento TP, Porto ALF. Effect of acute exposure in swiss mice (Mus musculus) to a fibrinolytic protease produced by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262: An histomorphometric, genotoxic and cytological approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 103:282-291. [PMID: 30790607 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 was obtained by solid fermentation and purified by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A50. The enzyme toxicity was evaluated using mammalian cell lineages: HEK-293, J774.A1, Sarcoma-180 and PBMCs which appeared to be viable at a level of 80%. The biochemical parameters of the mice treated with an acute dose of enzyme (2000 mg/mL) identified alterations of AST and ALT and the histomorphometric analysis of the liver showed a loss of endothelial cells (P < 0.001). However, these changes are considered minimal to affirm that there was a significant degree of hepatotoxicity. The comet assay and the micronucleus test did not identify damage in the DNA of the erythrocytes of the animals treated. The protease did not degrade the Aα and Bβ chains of human and bovine fibrinogens, thus indicating that it does not act as anticoagulant, but rather as a fibrinolytic agent. The assay performed to assess blood biocompatibility shows that at dose of 0.3-5 mg/mL the hemolytic grade is considered insignificant. Moreover, the enzyme did not prolong bleeding time in mice when dosed with 1 mg/kg. These results indicate that this enzyme produced is a potential competitor for developing novel antithrombotic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marllyn Marques da Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Tamiris Alves Rocha
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Feijó de Moura
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Aparecido Chagas
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Noêmia Pereira da Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and Cell Culture, Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Renata Vitória Da Silva Sobral
- Laboratory of Research in Biotechnology and Hemoderivatives, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Miranda do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Research in Biotechnology and Hemoderivatives, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratory of Research in Biotechnology and Hemoderivatives, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Lorenzo Pastrana
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa
- Laboratory of Bioactive Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Pajeú Nascimento
- Laboratory of Bioactive Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto
- Laboratory of Bioactive Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s / n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fibrinolytic Enzymes for Thrombolytic Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:345-381. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Taneja K, Kumar Bajaj B, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N. Process optimization for production and purification of novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Stenotrophomonas sp. KG-16-3. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2018.1504925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapila Taneja
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anticoagulant mechanism, pharmacological activity, and assessment of preclinical safety of a novel fibrin(ogen)olytic serine protease from leaves of Leucas indica. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6210. [PMID: 29670183 PMCID: PMC5906637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The harnessing of medicinal plants containing a plethora of bioactive molecules may lead to the discovery of novel, potent and safe therapeutic agents to treat thrombosis-associated cardiovascular diseases. A 35 kDa (m/z 34747.5230) serine protease (lunathrombase) showing fibrin(ogen)olytic activity and devoid of N- and O- linked oligosaccharides was purified from an extract of aqueous leaves from L. indica. The LC-MS/MS analysis, de novo sequencing, secondary structure, and amino acid composition determination suggested the enzyme’s novel characteristic. Lunathrombase is an αβ-fibrinogenase, demonstrating anticoagulant activity with its dual inhibition of thrombin and FXa by a non-enzymatic mechanism. Spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric analyses revealed the binding of lunathrombase to fibrinogen, thrombin, and/or FXa with the generation of endothermic heat. It inhibited collagen/ADP/arachidonic acid-induced mammalian platelet aggregation, and demonstrated antiplatelet activity via COX-1 inhibition and the upregulation of the cAMP level. Lunathrombase showed in vitro thrombolytic activity and was not inhibited by endogenous protease inhibitors α2 macroglobulin and antiplasmin. Lunathrombase was non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells, non-hemolytic, and demonstrated dose-dependent (0.125–0.5 mg/kg) in vivo anticoagulant and plasma defibrinogenation activities in a rodent model. Lunathrombase (10 mg/kg) did not show toxicity or adverse pharmacological effects in treated animals.
Collapse
|
19
|
Production, purification and characterization of fibrinolytic enzyme from Serratia sp. KG-2-1 using optimized media. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28664371 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular thrombosis is one of the major causes of variety of cardiovascular disorders leading to high mortality worldwide. Fibrinolytic enzymes from microbial sources possess ability to dissolve these clots and help to circumvent these problems in more efficient and safer way. In the present study, fibrinolytic protease with higher fibrinolytic activity than plasmin was obtained from Serratia sp. KG-2-1 isolated from garbage dump soil. Response surface methodology was used to study the interactive effect of concentration of maltose, yeast extract + peptone (1:1), incubation time, and pH on enzyme production and biomass. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 33 °C after 24 h at neutral pH in media containing 1.5% Maltose, 4.0% yeast extract + peptone and other trace elements resulting in 1.82 folds increased production. The enzyme was purified from crude extract using ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography resulting in 12.9 fold purification with 14.9% yield. The purified enzyme belongs to metalloprotease class and had optimal activity in conditions similar to physiological environment with temperature optima of 40 °C and pH optima of 8. The enzyme was found to be stable in various solvents and its activity was enhanced in presence of Na+, K+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Hg2+ but inhibited by Ca2+ and Fe3+. Hence, the obtained enzyme may be used as potential therapeutic agent in combating various thrombolytic disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Choi JH, Kim DW, Kim S, Kim SJ. Purification and partial characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme from the fruiting body of the medicinal and edible mushroom Pleurotus ferulae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:539-546. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1181083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Bio-Health Science, Gwangju University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Purification, biochemical, and structural characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1209-1219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
22
|
Meshram V, Saxena S, Paul K, Gupta M, Kapoor N. Production, Purification and Characterisation of a Potential Fibrinolytic Protease from Endophytic Xylaria curta by Solid Substrate Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1496-1512. [PMID: 27787769 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation highlights the optimal conditions for production of a non-toxic, bi-functional fibrinolytic enzyme xylarinase produced by endophytic fungus Xylaria curta by solid substrate fermentation using rice chaff medium. The purified enzyme is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of ∼33 kDa. The enzyme exhibits cleavage of Aα and Bβ chains of fibrin(ogen) and has no effect on γ chain. The optimal fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme was observed at 35 °C and pH 8. The fibrinolytic activity was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, whereas it was completely inhibited in the presence of Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions and inhibitors like EDTA and EGTA suggesting it to be a metalloprotease. The K m and V max of the enzyme for azocasein were 326 μM and 0.13 μM min-1. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme (SNGPLPGGVVWAG) was same when compared to xylarinase isolated from culture broth of X. curta. Thus, xylarinase could be exploited as a potent clot busting enzyme which could be produced on large scale using solid substrate fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Meshram
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
| | - Karan Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Mahiti Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Choi JH, Lee HJ, Kim S. Purification and antithrombotic activity of wulfase, a fibrinolytic enzyme from the fruit bodies of the edible and medicinal mushroom Sparassis crispa Wulf. ex. Fr. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381606003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Chu F, Wang X, Sun Q, Liang H, Wang S, An D, Cui C, Chai Y, Li S, Song S, Ji A. Purification and characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Whitmania pigra Whitman. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:594-601. [PMID: 27668456 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2016.1174254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the dry body of Whitmania pigra Whitman. The fibrinolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a yield of 0.003% and a purification of 630.7 fold. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 26.7 kDa by reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme was tested by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and it showed that the enzyme was a novel fibrinolytic enzyme. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 8.5 and 55°C, respectively. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Na+, Mg2+, and K+. On the contrary, the proteolytic activity was significantly inhibited by Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic assays showed that the enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed fibrinogen Aα-chains, followed by Bβ- and γ-chains. The α-, β-, and γ-γ-chains of fibrin were also degraded by the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Chu
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Hao Liang
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Sijian Wang
- d Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital , Zaozhuang , China
| | - Dengkun An
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Chao Cui
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Yuchao Chai
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Shuaishuai Li
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Shuliang Song
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China
| | - Aiguo Ji
- a Marine College, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,b Weihai International Biotechnology Research and Development Center, Shandong University , Weihai , China.,c School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University , Jinan , China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fibrin(ogen)olytic and antiplatelet activities of a subtilisin-like protease from Solanum tuberosum (StSBTc-3). Biochimie 2016; 125:163-70. [PMID: 27039890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant serine proteases have been widely used in food science and technology as well as in medicine. In this sense, several plant serine proteases have been proposed as potential anti-coagulants and anti-platelet agents. Previously, we have reported the purification and identification of a plant serine protease from Solanum tuberosum leaves. This potato enzyme, named as StSBTc-3, has a molecular weight of 72 kDa and it was characterized as a subtilisin like protease. In this work we determine and characterize the biochemical and medicinal properties of StSBTc-3. Results obtained show that, like the reported to other plant serine proteases, StSBTc-3 is able to degrade all chains of human fibrinogen and to produces fibrin clot lysis in a dose dependent manner. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzes β subunit followed by partially hydrolyzed α and γ subunits of human fibrinogen. Assays performed to determine StSBTc-3 substrate specificity using oxidized insulin β-chain as substrate, show seven cleavage sites: Asn3-Gln4; Cys7-Gly8; Glu13-Ala14; Leu15-Tyr16; Tyr16-Leu17; Arg22-Gly23 and Phe25-Tyr26, all of them were previously reported for other serine proteases with fibrinogenolytic activity. The maximum StSBTc-3 fibrinogenolytic activity was determined at pH 8.0 and at 37 C. Additionally, we demonstrate that StSBTc-3 is able to inhibit platelet aggregation and is unable to exert cytotoxic activity on human erythrocytes in vitro at all concentrations assayed. These results suggest that StSBTc-3 could be evaluated as a new agent to be used in the treatment of thromboembolic disorders such as strokes, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Meshram V, Saxena S, Paul K. Xylarinase: a novel clot busting enzyme from an endophytic fungus Xylaria curta. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1502-11. [PMID: 27033431 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1151013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylarinase is a bi-functional fibrinolytic metalloprotease isolated from the culture filtrate of endophytic fungus Xylaria curta which is monomeric with a molecular mass of ∼33.76 kDa. The enzyme displayed both plasmin and tissue plasminogen activator like activity under in vitro conditions. It hydrolyses Aα and Bβ chains of the fibrinogen. Optimal fibrinolytic activity of xylarinase is observed at 35 °C, pH 8. Ca(2+) stimulated the fibrinolytic activity of xylarinase while Fe(2+) and Zn(2+) inhibited suggesting it to be a metalloprotease. The Km and Vmax values of xylarinase were 240.9 μM and 1.10 U/ml for fibrinogen and 246 μM and 1.22 U/ml for fibrin, respectively. Xylarinase was found to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. The N-terminal sequence of xylarinase (SNGPLPGGVVWAG) did not show any homology with previously known fibrinolytic enzymes. Thus xylarinase is a novel fibrinolytic metalloprotease which could be possibly used as a new clot busting enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Meshram
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , India and
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- a Department of Biotechnology , Thapar University , Patiala , India and
| | - Karan Paul
- b Department of Biochemistry , DAV University , Jalandhar , Punjab , India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun Z, Liu P, Cheng G, Zhang B, Dong W, Su X, Huang Y, Cui Z, Kong Y. A fibrinolytic protease AfeE from Streptomyces sp. CC5, with potent thrombolytic activity in a mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 85:346-54. [PMID: 26721382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinolytic proteases have potential applications in cardiovascular disease therapy. A novel fibrinolytic protease, AfeE, with strong thrombolytic activity was purified from Streptomyces sp. CC5. AfeE displayed maximum activity at 40°C in the pH range of 7.0-12.0. It was strongly inhibited by serine protease inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, soybean trypsin inhibitor, tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone and tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone. The activity of the enzyme was partially inhibited by Cu(2+), Co(2+) and Zn(2+). AfeE exhibited higher substrate specificity for fibrin than fibrinogen, which has rarely been reported in fibrinolytic enzymes. AfeE also showed high thrombolytic activity in a carrageenan-induced mouse tail thrombosis model. AfeE prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time in rat blood. A bleeding time assay revealed that AfeE did not prolong bleeding time in mice at a dose of 1mg/kg. No acute cytotoxicity was observed for AfeE at 320μg/well in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The afeE gene was cloned from the genome of Streptomyces sp. CC5. Full-length AFE-CC5E contained 434 amino acids and was processed into a mature form consisting 284 amino acids by posttranslational modification, as revealed by high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. These results indicate that AfeE is a prospective candidate for antithrombotic drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Biying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingli Su
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Kong
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Choi JH, Kim DW, Park SE, Kim S, Kim SJ. Purification and partial characterization of TFase, a fibrinolytic enzyme from the fruiting bodies of the medicinal and edible mushroom, Tremella fuciformis. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815060046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Cheng Q, Xu F, Hu N, Liu X, Liu Z. A novel Ca2+-dependent alkaline serine-protease (Bvsp) from Bacillus sp. with high fibrinolytic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
30
|
Singh S, Gupta P, Sharma V, Koul S, Kour K, Bajaj BK. Multifarious potential applications of keratinase ofBacillus subtilisK-5. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2014.978306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
31
|
Kotb E. The biotechnological potential of fibrinolytic enzymes in the dissolution of endogenous blood thrombi. Biotechnol Prog 2014; 30:656-72. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Essam Kotb
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt 44519
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Choi JH, Kim DW, Park SE, Choi BS, Sapkota K, Kim S, Kim SJ. Novel thrombolytic protease from edible and medicinal plant Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda with anticoagulant activity: purification and partial characterization. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:372-7. [PMID: 24746735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A thrombolytic protease named kitamase possessing anticoagulant property was purified from edible and medicinal plant Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda. Kitamase showed a molecular weight of 50 kDa by SDS-PAGE and displayed a strong fibrin zymogram lysis band corresponding to the similar molecular mass. The enzyme was active at high temperatures (50°C). The fibrinolytic activity of kitamase was strongly inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, TPCK and PMSF, inhibited by Zn(2+). The Km and Vmax values for substrate S-2251 were determined as 4.31 mM and 23.81 mM/mg respectively. It dissolved fibrin clot directly and specifically cleaved the α, Aα and γ-γ chains of fibrin and fibrinogen. In addition, kitamase delayed the coagulation time and increased activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Kitamase exerted a significant protective effect against collagen and epinephrine induced pulmonary thromboembolism in mice. These results suggest that kitamase may have the property of metallo-protease like enzyme, novel fibrino(geno)lytic enzyme and a potential to be a therapeutic agent for thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Life Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Won Kim
- Department of Life Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Eun Park
- Department of Life Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Suk Choi
- Jangheung Research Institute for Mushroom Industry, Jangheung 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumar Sapkota
- Department of Life Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea; Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Alternative Medicine, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Kim
- Department of Life Science & BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Enhanced production of fibrinolytic protease from Bacillus cereus NS-2 using cotton seed cake as nitrogen source. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
34
|
Activity assessment of microbial fibrinolytic enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:6647-65. [PMID: 23812278 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin inside blood vessels results in thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. In general, there are four therapy options: surgical operation, intake of antiplatelets, anticoagulants, or fibrinolytic enzymes. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes have attracted much more attention than typical thrombolytic agents because of the expensive prices and the side effects of the latter. The fibrinolytic enzymes were successively discovered from different microorganisms, the most important among which is the genus Bacillus. Microbial fibrinolytic enzymes, especially those from food-grade microorganisms, have the potential to be developed as functional food additives and drugs to prevent or cure thrombosis and other related diseases. There are several assay methods for these enzymes; this may due to the insolubility of substrate, fibrin. Existing assay methods can be divided into three major groups. The first group consists of assay of fibrinolytic activity with natural proteins as substrates, e.g., fibrin plate methods. The second and third groups of assays are suitable for kinetic studies and are based on the determination of hydrolysis of synthetic peptide esters. This review will deal primarily with the microorganisms that have been reported in literature to produce fibrinolytic enzymes and the first review discussing the methods used to assay the fibrinolytic activity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Choi BS, Sapkota K, Choi JH, Shin CH, Kim S, Kim SJ. Herinase: A Novel Bi-functional Fibrinolytic Protease from the Monkey Head Mushroom, Hericium erinaceum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:609-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
36
|
Purification and Characterization of a New Serine Protease with Fibrinolytic Activity from the Marine Invertebrate, Urechis unicinctus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:525-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
37
|
Thrombolytic, anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities of codiase, a bi-functional fibrinolytic enzyme from Codium fragile. Biochimie 2013; 95:1266-77. [PMID: 23402909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Thrombolytic agents are important for both the prevention and treatment of thrombosis. In this study, codiase, a new bi-functional fibrinolytic serine protease having thrombolytic, anticoagulant, and antiplatelet activities was purified from marine green alga, Codium fragile. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 48.9 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and mass spectrometry. Fibrin zymography analysis showed an active band with similar molecular weight. The N-terminal sequence was found to be APKASTDQTLPL, which is different from that of other known fibrinolytic enzymes. Codiase displayed maximum activity at 30 °C and pH 6.0, and the activity was inhibited by Zn(2+) and Fe(2+). Moreover, the enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by serine protease inhibitor such as PMSF. Codiase exhibited high specificity for the substrate S-2288, and the Km and Vmax values for this substrate were found to be 0.24 mM and 79 U/ml respectively. Fibrin plate assays revealed that it was able to hydrolyze fibrin clot either directly or by activation of plasminogen. Codiase effectively hydrolyzed fibrin and fibrinogen, preferentially degrading α- and Aα chains, followed by γ-γ, and γ-chains. However, it provoked slower degradation of Bβ and β-chains. The structural change of fibrin clot and fibrinogen by codiase was also detected by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy analysis. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that codiase reduces thrombosis in concentration-dependent manner. Codiase was found to prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prothrombin time (PT). PFA-100 studies showed that codiase prolonged the closure time (CT) of citrated whole human blood. These favorable antithrombotic profiles together with its anticoagulant and platelet disaggregation properties, and lack of toxicity to mice and NIH-3T3 cells, make it a potential agent for thrombolytic therapy.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim DW, Sapkota K, Choi JH, Kim YS, Kim S, Kim SJ. Direct acting anti-thrombotic serine protease from brown seaweed Costaria costata. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|