1
|
Lee KY, Shin JY, Ahn MS, Kim SJ, An HR, Kim YJ, Kwon OH, Lee SY. Callus Derived from Petals of the Rosa hybrida Breeding Line 15R-12-2 as New Material Useful for Fragrance Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2986. [PMID: 37631197 PMCID: PMC10457957 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rose (Rosa hybrida) is a major flower crop worldwide and has long been loved for its variety of colors and scents. Roses are mainly used for gardening or cutting flowers and are also used as raw materials for perfumes, cosmetics, and food. Essential oils, which are extracted from the flowers of plants, including roses, have various scents, and the essential oil market has been growing steadily owing to the growing awareness of the benefits of natural and organic products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that stably supplies raw materials with uniform ingredients in line with the continuous increase in demand. In this study, conditions for the efficient induction of callus were established from the petals of the rose breeding line 15R-12-2, which has a strong scent developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration. The highest callus induction rate (65%) was observed when the petals of the fully open flower (FOF) were placed on the SH11DP medium so that the abaxial surface was in contact with the medium. In addition, the VOCs contained in the petals of 15R-12-2 and the petal-derived callus were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS. Thirty components, including esters and alcohols, were detected in the petal-derived callus. Among them, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, which showed 59.01% relative content when extracted with hexane as a solvent, was the same component as detected in petals. Therefore, petal-derived callus is expected to be of high industrial value and can be suggested as an alternative pathway to obtaining VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Su Young Lee
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (K.Y.L.); (J.Y.S.); (M.S.A.); (S.J.K.); (H.R.A.); (Y.J.K.); (O.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yin J, Zhuang J, Zhang X, Xu C, Lv S. Ginseng of different ages is affected by the accumulation of heavy metals in ginseng soil. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269238. [PMID: 35696360 PMCID: PMC9191705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal pollution has been established to affect ginseng quality. However, this effect is still unknown in ginseng of different ages, emphasizing the need to investigate the effects of heavy metals in soils on ginseng growth. Herein, we determined the content of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As) in ginseng of different ages (2 to 6-year-old) and the corresponding soil samples. Then, the total ginsenosides content of ginseng and rate-limiting enzyme (HMGR, SQE, CYP450) activity in the synthesis of ginsenosides were assessed. Results from 200 differently-aged Chinese ginseng showed that increased ginsenoside content in 3 to 5-year-old ginseng was paralleled by increased heavy metal element content in ginseng and its soil. The activity of rate-limiting enzymes increased in the first four years of ginseng growth and then exhibited a steady or downward trend. Further analysis suggested that heavy metal elements in soils could directly affect ginsenoside content. Moreover, we found that Cu significantly affected the rate-limiting enzyme CYP450 activity. Further principal component analysis and correlation analysis found that heavy metals could obviously inhibit ginseng growth during the 5th and 6th years. Heavy metal content in soils has huge prospects for predicting ginsenoside, Cu and As content in ginseng. This study provided support for ginseng cultivation, quality research and quality assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juxin Yin
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianjian Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (SL)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaojian Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaowu Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (SL)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ali B. Practical applications of jasmonates in the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
4
|
Zhang R, Tan S, Zhang B, Hu P, Li L. Cerium-Promoted Ginsenosides Accumulation by Regulating Endogenous Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng. Molecules 2021; 26:5623. [PMID: 34577094 PMCID: PMC8467428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among rare earth elements, cerium has the unique ability of regulating the growth of plant cells and the biosynthesis of metabolites at different stages of plant development. The signal pathways of Ce3+-mediated ginsenosides biosynthesis in ginseng hairy roots were investigated. At a low concentration, Ce3+ improved the elongation and biomass of hairy roots. The Ce3+-induced accumulation of ginsenosides showed a high correlation with the reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the biosynthesis of endogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ginsenoside key enzyme genes (PgSS, PgSE and PgDDS). At a Ce3+ concentration of 20 mg L-1, the total ginsenoside content was 1.7-fold, and the total ginsenosides yield was 2.7-fold that of the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the ROS production rate were significantly higher than those of the control. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly activated within the Ce3+ concentration range of 10 to 30 mg L-1. The activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) strengthened with the increasing concentration of Ce3+ in the range of 20-40 mg L-1. The Ce3+ exposure induced transient production of superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Together with the increase in the intracellular MeJA level and enzyme activity for lipoxygenase (LOX), there was an increase in the gene expression level of MeJA biosynthesis including PgLOX, PgAOS and PgJMT. Our results also revealed that Ce3+ did not directly influence PgSS, PgSE and PgDDS activity. We speculated that Ce3+-induced ROS production could enhance the accumulation of ginsenosides in ginseng hairy roots via the direct stimulation of enzyme genes for MeJA biosynthesis. This study demonstrates a potential approach for understanding and improving ginsenoside biosynthesis that is regulated by Ce3+-mediated signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shiquan Tan
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Bianling Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Ling Li
- Hunan Institute of Engineering, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China; (S.T.); (B.Z.); (P.H.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chopra P, Chhillar H, Kim YJ, Jo IH, Kim ST, Gupta R. Phytochemistry of ginsenosides: Recent advancements and emerging roles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:613-640. [PMID: 34278879 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, a group of tetracyclic saponins, accounts for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical relevance of the ginseng (Panax sp.) herb. Owing to the associated therapeutic potential of ginsenosides, their demand has been increased significantly in the last two decades. However, a slow growth cycle, low seed production, and long generation time of ginseng have created a gap between the demand and supply of ginsenosides. The biosynthesis of ginsenosides involves an intricate network of pathways with multiple oxidation and glycosylation reactions. However, the exact functions of some of the associated genes/proteins are still not completely deciphered. Moreover, ginsenoside estimation and extraction using analytical techniques are not feasible with high efficiency. The present review is a step forward in recapitulating the comprehensive aspects of ginsenosides including their distribution, structural diversity, biotransformation, and functional attributes in both plants and animals including humans. Moreover, ginsenoside biosynthesis in the potential plant sources and their metabolism in the human body along with major regulators and stimulators affecting ginsenoside biosynthesis have also been discussed. Furthermore, this review consolidates biotechnological interventions to enhance the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in their potential sources and advancements in the development of synthetic biosystems for efficient ginsenoside biosynthesis to meet their rising industrial demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Chhillar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ick Hyun Jo
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Department of Forestry, Environment, and Systems, College of Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hou M, Wang R, Zhao S, Wang Z. Ginsenosides in Panax genus and their biosynthesis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1813-1834. [PMID: 34386322 PMCID: PMC8343117 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids which belong to protopanaxadiol (PPD)-, protopanaxatriol (PPT)-, ocotillol (OCT)- and oleanane (OA)-type saponins known as active compounds of Panax genus. They are accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The content and composition of ginsenosides are varied in different ginseng species, and in different parts of a certain plant. In this review, we summarized the representative saponins structures, their distributions and the contents in nearly 20 Panax species, and updated the biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides focusing on enzymes responsible for structural diversified ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also emphasized the transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis and non-coding RNAs in the growth of Panax genus plants, and highlighted the current three major biotechnological applications for ginsenosides production. This review covered advances in the past four decades, providing more clues for chemical discrimination and assessment on certain ginseng plants, new perspectives for rational evaluation and utilization of ginseng resource, and potential strategies for production of specific ginsenosides.
Collapse
Key Words
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AtCPR (ATR), Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase
- BARS, baruol synthase
- Biosynthetic pathway
- Biotechnological approach
- CAS, cycloartenol synthase
- CDP, cytidine diphosphate
- CPQ, cucurbitadienol synthase
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- DDS, dammarenediol synthase
- DM, dammarenediol-II
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate
- FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate
- FPPS (FPS), farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GDP, guanosine diphosphate
- Ginsenoside
- HEJA, 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate
- HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase
- IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate
- ITS, internal transcribed spacer
- JA, jasmonic acid
- JA-Ile, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine
- JAR, JA-amino acid synthetase
- JAZ, jasmonate ZIM-domain
- KcMS, Kandelia candel multifunctional triterpene synthases
- LAS, lanosterol synthase
- LUP, lupeol synthase
- MEP, methylerythritol phosphate
- MVA, mevalonate
- MVD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate
- Non-coding RNAs
- OA, oleanane or oleanic acid
- OAS, oleanolic acid synthase
- OCT, ocotillol
- OSC, oxidosqualene cyclase
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPDS, PPD synthase
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- PPTS, PPT synthase
- Panax species
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SA, salicylic acid
- SE (SQE), squalene epoxidase
- SPL, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like
- SS (SQS), squalene synthase
- SUS, sucrose synthase
- TDP, thymine diphosphate
- Transcription factors
- UDP, uridine diphosphate
- UGPase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphosphprylase
- UGT, UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase
- WGD, whole genome duplication
- α-AS, α-amyrin synthase
- β-AS, β-amyrin synthase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Hou
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ampofo JO, Ngadi M. Stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and antioxidant capacities by biotic and abiotic elicitation strategies in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) sprouts. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
8
|
Liu Z, Wang S, Xu X, Wang S, Sun T, Zou L. Molecular cloning and characterization of a gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase involved in triterpenoids biosynthetic pathway from Sanghuangporus baumii. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1929482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zengcai Liu
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xinru Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Z, Sun T, Wang S, Zou L. Cloning, molecular properties and differential expression analysis of the isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene in Sanghuangporus baumii. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1792342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zengcai Liu
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Engineering, Harbin University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Biswas T, Dwivedi UN. Plant triterpenoid saponins: biosynthesis, in vitro production, and pharmacological relevance. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1463-1486. [PMID: 31297656 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The saponins are a diverse class of natural products, with a broad scale distribution across different plant species. Chemically characterized as triterpenoid glycosides, they posses a 30C oxidosqualene precursor-based aglycone moiety (sapogenin), to which glycosyl residues are subsequently attached to yield the corresponding saponin. Based on the chemically distinct aglycone moieties, broadly, they are divided into triterpenoid saponins (dammaranes, ursanes, oleananes, lupanes, hopanes, etc.) and the sterol glycosides. This review aims to present in detail the biosynthesis patterns of the different aglycones from a common precursor and their glycosylation patterns to yield the functionally active glycoside. The review also presents recent advances in the pharmacological activities of these saponins, particularly as potent anti-neoplastic pharmacophores, antioxidants, or anti-viral/antibacterial agents. Since alternate production pedestals for these pharmacologically important triterpenes via cell and tissue cultures are an attractive option for their sustainable production, recent trends in the variety and scale of in vitro production of plant triterpenoids have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
- Institute for Development of Advanced Computing, ONGC Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kubes J, Skalicky M, Tumova L, Martin J, Hejnak V, Martinkova J. Vanadium elicitation of Trifolium pratense L. cell culture and possible pathways of produced isoflavones transport across the plasma membrane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:657-671. [PMID: 30770962 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds increased the content and release of distinct isoflavones in a Trifolium pratense suspension culture. Regarding transport-mechanism inhibitors, the process was mostly facilitated by ABC proteins and vesicular transport. The transport of isoflavones and other secondary metabolites is an important part of metabolism within plants and cultures in vitro regarding their role in defence against various abiotic and biotic stressors. This research focuses on the way how to increase production and exudation of isoflavones by application of chemical elicitor and the basic identification of their transport mechanisms across cell membranes. The release of five isoflavones (genistin, genistein, biochanin A, daidzein, and formononetin) into a nutrient medium was determined in a Trifolium pratense var. DO-8 suspension culture after two vanadium compound treatments and cultivation for 24 and 48 h. The NH4VO3 solution caused a higher concentration of isoflavones in the medium after 24 h. This increased content of secondary metabolites was subsequently suppressed by distinct transport-mechanism inhibitors. The transport of isoflavones in T. pratense was mostly affected by ABC inhibitors from the multidrug-resistance-associated protein subfamily, but the genistein concentration in the medium was lower after treatment with multidrug-resistance protein subfamily inhibitors. Brefeldin A, which blocks vesicular transport, also decreased the concentration of some isoflavones in the nutrient medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kubes
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Tumova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Martinkova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mosavat N, Golkar P, Yousefifard M, Javed R. Modulation of callus growth and secondary metabolites in different Thymus species and Zataria multiflora micropropagated under ZnO nanoparticles stress. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:316-322. [PMID: 30648768 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thymus species are aromatic plants with diverse applications in food industries and medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential effect of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on callus proliferation and thymol and carvacrol production in three Thymus species, that is, T. vulgaris, T. daenensis, and T. kotschyanus, and Zataria multiflora. For this purpose, callus induction was performed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different plant growth regulators (PGRs). After optimization of callus growth, the effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs (100 and 150 mg L-1 ) were investigated. MS containing 2 mg L-1 of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg L-1 of kinetin (Kin) revealed significantly highest fresh weight (0.18 g) of callus in T. kotschyanus. Callus growth rate (0.079 mm day-1 ) was found highest in T. vulgaris under similar conditions. Moreover, highest callus induction (92.50%) was achieved by T. kotschyanus in MS containing 2.5 mg L-1 of 2,4-D. Regarding the highest content of thymol (22.8 mg L-1 ) and carvacrol (0.68 mg L-1 ) evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography, best results were achieved under 150 mg L-1 of ZnO NPs in T. kotschyanus and T. daenesis, respectively. This is simple and cost-effective method to be applied on industrial level for production of enhanced secondary metabolites content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Mosavat
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pooran Golkar
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Yousefifard
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zu Y, Li Z, Mei X, Wu J, Cheng S, Jiang Y, Li Y. Transcriptome analysis of main roots of Panax notoginseng identifies genes involved in saponin biosynthesis under arsenic stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Skalicky M, Kubes J, Hejnak V, Tumova L, Martinkova J, Martin J, Hnilickova H. Isoflavones Production and Possible Mechanism of Their Exudation in Genista tinctoria L. Suspension Culture after Treatment with Vanadium Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:E1619. [PMID: 29970854 PMCID: PMC6099964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Fabaceae traditionally serves as a food and herbal remedies source. Certain plants serve for treatment of menopausal symptoms based on a presence of typical secondary metabolites, isoflavones. Beside soybean and clovers, other plants or cultures in vitro can produce these molecules. A cultivation in vitro can be enhanced by elicitation that stimulates metabolites biosynthesis via stress reaction. Vanadium compounds have been already described as potential elicitors, and the aim of this study was to determine the impact of NH₄VO₃ and VOSO₄ solutions on isoflavones production in Genista tinctoria L. cell cultures. The significant increase of isoflavones content, such as genistin, genistein, or formononetin, was measured in a nutrient medium or dry mass after NH₄VO₃ treatment for 24 or 48 h. The possible transport mechanism of isoflavones release as a result of elicitation was further evaluated. An incubation with different transport inhibitors prior to elicitation took effect on isoflavones content in the medium. However, there was a non-ended result for particular metabolites such as genistein and daidzein, where ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or, alternatively, multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) proteins can participate. Possible elicitation by some inhibitors was discussed as a result of their pleiotropic effect. Despite this outcome, the determination of the transport mechanism is an important step for identification of the specific transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Kubes
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Tumova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslava Martinkova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Martin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Hnilickova
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biswas T, Pandey SS, Maji D, Gupta V, Kalra A, Singh M, Mathur A, Mathur AK. Enhanced expression of ginsenoside biosynthetic genes and in vitro ginsenoside production in elicited Panax sikkimensis (Ban) cell suspensions. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1147-1160. [PMID: 29450757 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dual metabolite, i.e., ginsenoside and anthocyanin, co-accumulating cell suspensions of Panax sikkimensis were subjected to elicitation with culture filtrates of Serratia marcescens (SD 21), Bacillus subtilis (FL11), Trichoderma atroviridae (TA), and T. harzianum (TH) at 1.25% and 2.5% v/v for 1- and 3-week duration. The fungal-derived elicitors (TA and TH) did not significantly affect biomass accumulation; however, bacterial elicitors (SD 21 and FL11), especially SD 21, led to comparable loss in biomass growth. In terms of ginsenoside content, differential responses were observed. A maximum of 3.2-fold increase (222.2 mg/L) in total ginsenoside content was observed with the use of 2.5% v/v TH culture filtrate for 1 week. Similar ginsenoside accumulation was observed with the use of 1-week treatment with 2.5% v/v SD 21 culture filtrate (189.3 mg/L) with a 10-fold increase in intracellular Rg2 biosynthesis (31 mg/L). Real-time PCR analysis of key ginsenoside biosynthesis genes, i.e., FPS, SQS, DDS, PPDS, and PPTS, revealed prominent upregulation of particularly PPTS expression (20-23-fold), accounting for the observed enhancement in protopanaxatriol ginsenosides. However, none of the elicitors led to successful enhancement in in vitro anthocyanin accumulation as compared to control values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Microbiology and Entomology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Deepamala Maji
- Microbiology and Entomology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Vikrant Gupta
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- Microbiology and Entomology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Manju Singh
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Archana Mathur
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - A K Mathur
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Faizah H, Tanjung M, Purnobasuk H, Sri Wulan Y. Biomass and Flavonoid Production of Gynura procumbens (L.). Merr Adventitious Root Culture in Baloon-type Bubble-bioreactor Influenced by Elicitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2018.107.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Lu J, Li J, Wang S, Yao L, Liang W, Wang J, Gao W. Advances in ginsenoside biosynthesis and metabolic regulation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2018; 65:514-522. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Tianjin University; Tianjin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qi HY, Li L, Ma H. Cellular stress response mechanisms as therapeutic targets of ginsenosides. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:625-654. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yi Qi
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kochan E, Szymczyk P, Kuźma Ł, Lipert A, Szymańska G. Yeast Extract Stimulates Ginsenoside Production in Hairy Root Cultures of American Ginseng Cultivated in Shake Flasks and Nutrient Sprinkle Bioreactors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060880. [PMID: 28587128 PMCID: PMC6152677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective strategies to enhance metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation in biotechnological systems is the use of elicitation processes. This study assesses the influence of different concentrations of yeast extract (YE) on ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) hairy roots cultivated in shake flasks and in a nutrient sprinkle bioreactor after 3 and 7 days of elicitation. The saponin content was determined using HPLC. The maximum yield (20 mg g−1 d.w.) of the sum of six examined ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1) in hairy roots cultivated in shake flasks was achieved after application of YE at 50 mg L−1 concentration and 3 day exposure time. The ginsenoside level was 1.57 times higher than that attained in control medium. The same conditions of elicitation (3 day time of exposure and 50 mg L−1 of YE) also favourably influenced the biosynthesis of studied saponins in bioreactor cultures. The total ginsenoside content was 32.25 mg g−1 d.w. and was higher than that achieved in control medium and in shake flasks cultures. Obtained results indicated that yeast extract can be used to increase ginsenoside production in hairy root cultures of P. quinquefolium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kochan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, Lodz 90-151, Poland.
| | - Piotr Szymczyk
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, Lodz 90-151, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Kuźma
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego l, Lodz 90-151, Poland.
| | - Anna Lipert
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, Lodz 92-213, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Szymańska
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, Lodz 90-151, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Biswas T, Mathur AK, Mathur A. A literature update elucidating production of Panax ginsenosides with a special focus on strategies enriching the anti-neoplastic minor ginsenosides in ginseng preparations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4009-4032. [PMID: 28411325 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng, an oriental gift to the world of healthcare and preventive medicine, is among the top ten medicinal herbs globally. The constitutive triterpene saponins, ginsenosides, or panaxosides are attributed to ginseng's miraculous efficacy towards anti-aging, rejuvenating, and immune-potentiating benefits. The major ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd., Re, and Rg1, formed after extensive glycosylations of the aglycone "dammaranediol," dominate the chemical profile of this genus in vivo and in vitro. Elicitations have successfully led to appreciable enhancements in the production of these major ginsenosides. However, current research on ginseng biotechnology has been focusing on the enrichment or production of the minor ginsenosides (the less glycosylated precursors of the major ginsenosides) in ginseng preparations, which are either absent or are produced in very low amounts in nature or via cell cultures. The minor ginsenosides under current scientific scrutiny include diol ginsenosides such as Rg3, Rh2, compound K, and triol ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1, which are being touted as the next "anti-neoplastic pharmacophores," with better bioavailability and potency as compared to the major ginsenosides. This review aims at describing the strategies for ginsenoside production with special attention towards production of the minor ginsenosides from the major ginsenosides via microbial biotransformation, elicitations, and from heterologous expression systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Biswas
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, PO- CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - A K Mathur
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, PO- CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Archana Mathur
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants; Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, PO- CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lu X, Tang K, Li P. Plant Metabolic Engineering Strategies for the Production of Pharmaceutical Terpenoids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1647. [PMID: 27877181 PMCID: PMC5099148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical terpenoids belong to the most diverse class of natural products. They have significant curative effects on a variety of diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, malaria and Alzheimer's disease. Nowadays, elicitors, including biotic and abiotic elicitors, are often used to activate the pathway of secondary metabolism and enhance the production of target terpenoids. Based on Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, several plant metabolic engineering strategies hold great promise to regulate the biosynthesis of pharmaceutical terpenoids. Overexpressing terpenoids biosynthesis pathway genes in homologous and ectopic plants is an effective strategy to enhance the yield of pharmaceutical terpenoids. Another strategy is to suppress the expression of competitive metabolic pathways. In addition, global regulation which includes regulating the relative transcription factors, endogenous phytohormones and primary metabolism could also markedly increase their yield. All these strategies offer great opportunities to enhance the supply of scarce terpenoids drugs, reduce the price of expensive drugs and improve people's standards of living.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rahimi S, Kim YJ, Sukweenadhi J, Zhang D, Yang DC. PgLOX6 encoding a lipoxygenase contributes to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and ginsenoside production in Panax ginseng. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6007-6019. [PMID: 27811076 PMCID: PMC5100016 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides, the valuable pharmaceutical compounds in Panax ginseng, are triterpene saponins that occur mainly in ginseng plants. It was shown that in vitro treatment with the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is able to increase ginsenoside production in ginseng plants. To understand the molecular link between JA biosynthesis and ginsenoside biosynthesis, we identified a JA biosynthetic 13-lipoxygenase gene (PgLOX6) in P. ginseng that promotes ginsenoside production. The expression of PgLOX6 was high in vascular bundles, which corresponds with expression of ginsenoside biosynthetic genes. Consistent with the role of PgLOX6 in synthesizing JA and promoting ginsenoside synthesis, transgenic plants overexpressing PgLOX6 in Arabidopsis had increased amounts of JA and methyl jasmonate (MJ), increased expression of triterpene biosynthetic genes such as squalene synthase (AtSS1) and squalene epoxidase (AtSE1), and increased squalene content. Moreover, transgenic ginseng roots overexpressing PgLOX6 had around 1.4-fold increased ginsenoside content and upregulation of ginsenoside biosynthesis-related genes including PgSS1, PgSE1, and dammarenediol synthase (PgDDS), which is similar to that of treatment with MJ. However, MJ treatment of transgenic ginseng significantly enhanced JA and MJ, associated with a 2.8-fold increase of ginsenoside content compared with the non-treated, non-transgenic control plant, which was 1.4 times higher than the MJ treatment effect on non-transgenic plants. These results demonstrate that PgLOX6 is responsible for the biosynthesis of JA and promotion of the production of triterpenoid saponin through up-regulating the expression of ginsenoside biosynthetic genes. This work provides insight into the role of JA in biosynthesizing secondary metabolites and provides a molecular tool for increasing ginsenoside production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Johan Sukweenadhi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Wang J, Wu X, Liu D, Li J, Li J, Liu S, Gao W. Jasmonic acid and methyl dihydrojasmonate enhance saponin biosynthesis as well as expression of functional genes in adventitious roots of Panax notoginseng F.H. Chen. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2016; 64:225-238. [PMID: 26777985 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng, an important herbal medicine, has wide uses for its bioactive compounds and health function. In this work, we compared the content of saponin in cultivation and adventitious root. The total content of saponins in adventitious root (8.48 mg⋅g-1 ) was found lower than in the native one (3-year-old) (34.34 mg⋅g-1 ). To enhance the content of bioactive compounds, we applied elicitors jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl dihydrojasmonate (MDJ) to the adventitious root culture. It was observed that the highest total content of saponins (71.94 mg⋅g-1 ) was achieved after treatment with 5 mg⋅L-1 JA, which was 2.09-fold higher than native roots and 8.45-fold higher than the control group. The findings from high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that six new compounds were present after the treatment with the elicitors. Furthermore, we found that JA and MDJ significantly upregulated the expression of the geranyl diphosphate synthase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, dammarenediol synthase, and CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2 (CYP450 enzyme) genes; downregulated the expression of the cycloartenol synthase gene; and increased superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Tianjin ZhongXin Pharmaceuticals R&D Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Biswas T, Kalra A, Mathur AK, Lal RK, Singh M, Mathur A. Elicitors’ influenced differential ginsenoside production and exudation into medium with concurrent Rg3/Rh2 panaxadiol induction in Panax quinquefolius cell suspensions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4909-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Rahimi S, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Production of ginseng saponins: elicitation strategy and signal transductions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6987-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Kim YJ, Zhang D, Yang DC. Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of ginsenosides. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:717-35. [PMID: 25747290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are essential for improving human health, and around 75% of the population in developing countries relies mainly on herb-based medicines for health care. As the king of herb plants, ginseng has been used for nearly 5,000 years in the oriental and recently in western medicines. Among the compounds studied in ginseng plants, ginsenosides have been shown to have multiple medical effects such as anti-oxidative, anti-aging, anti-cancer, adaptogenic and other health-improving activities. Ginsenosides belong to a group of triterpene saponins (also called ginseng saponins) that are found almost exclusively in Panax species and accumulated especially in the plant roots. In this review, we update the conserved and diversified pathway/enzyme biosynthesizing ginsenosides which have been presented. Particularly, we highlight recent milestone works on functional characterization of key genes dedicated to the production of ginsenosides, and their application in engineering plants and yeast cells for large-scale production of ginsenosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Youngin, 446-701, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang J, Qian J, Yao L, Lu Y. Enhanced production of flavonoids by methyl jasmonate elicitation in cell suspension culture of Hypericum perforatum. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-014-0033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Flavonoids of Hypericum perforatum are important secondary metabolites which have been widely utilized in medicine for a range of purposes. The use of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitation for the enhancement of flavonoid production in cell suspension culture of H. perforatum would be an efficient alternative method for the flavonoid production.
Results
MeJA influenced the cells growth and flavonoid production. The optimal elicitation strategy was treatment of the cell cultures with 100 μmol/L MeJA on day 15, which resulted in the highest flavonoid production (280 mg/L) and 2.7 times of control cultures. The activities of catalase (CAT) were inhibited after MeJA treatment in the cell cultures, while the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) increased, which led to the enhancement of flavonoid production.
Conclusion
MeJA elicitation is a useful method for the enhancement of flavonoid production in cell suspension culture of H. perforatum.
Collapse
|
29
|
Liang Y, Wu J, Li Y, Li J, Ouyang Y, He Z, Zhao S. Enhancement of ginsenoside biosynthesis and secretion by Tween 80 in Panax ginseng hairy roots. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:193-9. [PMID: 24889095 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of Tween 80 permeabilization on ginsenoside secretion in Panax ginseng hairy roots. Tween 80 (1.2%, w/v) had no significant effect on hairy root vitality. After a 25-day treatment with Tween 80, approximately 76% of the total ginsenosides was released into the surrounding medium. In the case of control, the ginsenosides secreted into the medium were negligible. Furthermore, when compared with control, the level of total ginsenosides was enhanced by approximately threefold under Tween treatment. Additionally, secretion of the typical ginsenoside monomers including Rb1 , Rg1 , and Re was analyzed, indicating that the most of them were released into the medium. Moreover, it was observed that dammarenediol synthase, a key enzyme involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, was upregulated at both gene expression and enzyme activity levels. The expression of genes CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2 encoding Cyt P450 enzymes catalyzing the formation of protopanaxadiol from dammarenediol and protopanaxatriol from protopanaxadiol, respectively, was slightly upregulated. These results clearly demonstrated that Tween 80 could act not only as an efficient permeabilizer to enhance ginsenoside secretion from the hairy roots, but also as an elicitor to promote the biosynthesis of ginsenoside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Liang
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu YN, Xia XX, Zhong JJ. Induction of ganoderic acid biosynthesis by Mn2+ in static liquid cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:2358-65. [PMID: 24870062 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions affect cell physiology and metabolism significantly, but the role of Mn(2+) in the secondary metabolism of mushrooms is yet unclear. In static liquid cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum for producing antitumor ganoderic acids (GAs), the Mn(2+) addition was performed. Addition of 10 mM Mn(2+) at the start of the static liquid cultivation resulted in 2.2-fold improvement of total GAs production. The expression levels of GA biosynthetic and Ca(2+) sensors' genes were up-regulated with Mn(2+) induction while down-regulated by adding cyclosporin A (calcineurin inhibitor), suggesting that higher GA production might result from calcineurin signal regulation. Intracellular Ca(2+) imaging and calcineurin inhibitor study revealed that addition of Mn(2+) led to Ca(2+) influx from medium to the cells to trigger calcineurin signals. Mn(2+) addition was therefore an efficient induction strategy for improving GAs production, whose regulation mechanism was via calcineurin signaling transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Murthy HN, Georgiev MI, Kim YS, Jeong CS, Kim SJ, Park SY, Paek KY. Ginsenosides: prospective for sustainable biotechnological production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6243-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|