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Amoah K, Cai J, Huang Y, Wang B, Shija VM, Wang Z, Jin X, Cai S, Lu Y, Jian J. Identification and characterization of four Bacillus species from the intestine of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂), their antagonistic role on common pathogenic bacteria, and effects on intestinal health. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109795. [PMID: 39069109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative to the criticized antibiotics, probiotics have been adopted for their eco-friendly nature and ability to enhance host growth and immunity. Nevertheless, reports suggest ineffectiveness in commercially available probiotics since most are from non-fish sources; thus, this study was envisaged to isolate and characterize new Bacillus spp. from the gut of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) which could serve as potential probiotics. The isolation and characterization were performed based on their morphological and biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequencing homology analysis. A subsequent 30-day in vivo biosafety feeding trial was conducted to ascertain isolates' non-pathogenicity, as well as their effects on fish growth, and intestinal mucosal microvilli via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Four Bacillus spp. strains, namely, B. velezensis strain PGSAK01 (accession number OQ726606), B. stercoris strain PGSAK05 (accession number OQ726607), B. velezensis strain PGSAK17 (accession number OQ726601), and B. subtilis strain PGSAK19 (accession number OQ726605), were identified and characterized in the current study. The strains showed promising probiotic properties such higher adhesion capability, higher thermotolerance, displaying higher survivability to 0.5 % bile, lower pH tolerance, γ-haemolytic activity, and multispecies characteristics. Among the 24 antibiotics tested, while all isolates showed susceptibility to 21, the PGSAK01 strain showed resistance to furazolidone antibiotics. None of the isolates showed possession of i) virulence factor genes encoding enterotoxigenic (hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, and entFM) and emetic (cereulide synthetase gene, ces) genes, and ii) streptomycin resistance gene (vat c), ampicillin-resistant genes (mecA and bla), and vancomycin-resistant gene (van B). Nevertheless, the PGSAK01 and PGSAK17 strains showed possession of tek K, cat, and ant(4')-Ia (adenylyltransferase) (except the PGSAK01) resistant genes. All isolates displayed better antimicrobial effects against pathogenic bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, Vibrio harveyi, and V. alginolyticus. The in vivo biosafety trial involved hybrid grouper fish being grouped into five (average weight 32 ± 0.94 g), namely, the group fed the basal diet void of isolate's supplementation (control), and the remaining four groups fed the basal diet with 1 × 108 CFU/g diet of individual strain PGSAK01, PGSAK05, PGSAK17, and PGSAK19 supplementation. At the end of the study, a significantly higher WGR, K (except the PGSAK01 group), VSI; lysozyme (except PGSAK01 group), total antioxidant activity, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase enzyme activities; highly dense intestinal mucosal villi (based on the scanning electron microscopy analysis); and significantly lower malondialdehyde levels were witnessed in the isolated treated groups compared to the control, supporting the results obtained in the auto-aggregation and cell-surface hydrophobicity test. This work's results have provided thought-provoking targets; thus, studies involving extensive genome sequencing and functional annotation analysis will be explored to offer unfathomable insights into their mechanisms of action and potential health benefits, further establishing the four Bacillus strains' (PGSAK01, PGSAK05, PGSAK17, and PGSAK19) potential role in probiotic fields and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Vicent Michael Shija
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524000, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 327005, China.
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Rajesh R, Gummadi SN. Purification and biochemical characterization of novel α-amylase and cellulase from Bacillus sp. PM06. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:796-808. [PMID: 38141162 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2288574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. PM06, previously isolated from sugarcane waste pressmud, could produce dual enzymes α-amylase and cellulase. The isolate's crude enzymes were purified homogeneously using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by High Quaternary amine anion exchange chromatography. Purified enzymes revealed the molecular weights of α-amylase and cellulase as 55 and 52 kDa, with a purification fold of 15.4 and 11.5, respectively. The specific activity of purified α-amylase and cellulase were 740.7 and 555.6 U/mg, respectively. It demonstrated a wide range of activity from pH 5.0 to 8.5, with an optimum pH of 5.5 and 6.4 for α-amylase and cellulase. The optimum temperature was 50 °C for α-amylase and 60 °C for cellulase. The kinetic parameters of purified α-amylase were 741.5 ± 3.75 µmol/min/mg, 1.154 ± 0.1 mM, and 589 ± 3.5/(s mM), using starch as a substrate. Whereas cellulase showed 556.3 ± 1.3 µmol/min/mg, 1.78 ± 0.1 mM, and 270.9 ± 3.8/(s mM) of Vmax, Km, Kcat/Km, respectively, using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as substrate. Among the various substrates tested, α-amylase had a higher specificity for amylose and CMC for cellulase. Different inhibitors and activators were also examined. Ca2+ Mg2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ boosted α-amylase and cellulase activities. Cu2+ and Ni2+ both inhibited the enzyme activities. Enzymatic saccharification of wheat bran yielded 253.61 ± 1.7 and 147.5 ± 1.0 mg/g of reducing sugar within 12 and 24 h of incubation when treated with purified α-amylase and cellulase. A more significant amount of 397.7 ± 1.9 mg/g reducing sugars was released from wheat bran due to the synergetic effect of two enzymes. According to scanning electron micrograph analysis, wheat bran was effectively broken down by both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Rajesh
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, BJM School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Yan G, Zhou Y, Wu J, Jin C, Zhao L, Wang W. Novel Strain of Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae CS-148 for the Direct Hydrolysis of Raw Starch into Glucose: Isolation and Fermentation Optimization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4125-4139. [PMID: 37897622 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The conventional process for converting starch to glucose is energy-intensive. To lower the cost of this process, a novel strain of Paenibacillus phyllosphaerae CS-148 was isolated and identified, which could directly hydrolyze raw starch into glucose and accumulate glucose in the fermentation broth. The effects of different organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, the culture temperature, the initial pH, and the agitation speed on the yield of glucose were optimized through the one-factor-at-a-time method. Nine factors were screened by Plackett-Burman design, and three factors (raw corncob starch, yeast extract and (NH4)2SO4) had significant effects on glucose yield. Three significant factors were further optimized using Box-Behnken design. Under the optimized fermentation conditions (raw corncob starch 40.4 g/L, yeast extract 4.27 g/L, (NH4)2SO4 4.39 g/L, KH2PO4 2 g/L, MgSO4`7H2O 2 g/L, FeSO4`7H2O 0.02 g/L, NaCl 2 g/L, KCl 0.5 g/L, inoculums volume 4%, temperature 35 °C, agitation rate 150 rpm, and initial pH 7.0), the maximum glucose yield reached 17.32 ± 0.46 g/L, which is 1.33-fold compared to that by initial fermentation conditions. The maximum conversion rate and glucose productivity were 0.43 ± 0.01 g glucose/g raw corn starch and 0.22 ± 0.01 g/(L·h), respectively. These results implied that P. phyllosphaerae CS-148 could be used in the food industry or fermentation industry at a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Safety and Nutrition Function Evaluation, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China.
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Ci Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
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Abo-Kamer AM, Abd-El-Salam IS, Mostafa FA, Mustafa AERA, Al-Madboly LA. A promising microbial α-amylase production, and purification from Bacillus cereus and its assessment as antibiofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogen. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37528448 PMCID: PMC10391895 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The purpose of the current study is to isolate a heavily amylase-producing bacteria of the genus Bacillus from soil samples, optimize the production of the enzyme, purify it, and evaluate its activity against biofilm-producing bacteria. A total of 12 soil samples were collected and screened for promising Bacillus species with good amylolytic activity. Isolation was done by serial dilution and plating technique and amylolytic activity was determined by starch agar plate method. Among the 12 Bacillus isolates recovered from soil samples, 7 showed positive α-amylase production. The best isolate that recorded the greatest amylolytic activity was selected for further studies. This isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus cereus and registered under gene bank accession number OP811897. Furthermore, the α-amylase enzyme was produced by a submerged fermentation technique using best production media and partially purified by ammonium sulfate and chilled ethanol and molecular weight had been determined by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. The production of α-amylase was optimized experimentally by one-factor at a time protocol and statistically by Plackett-Burman design as well as RSM CCD design. Data obtained from OFAT and CCD revealed that α-amylase activities were 1.5- and twofold respectively higher as compared to un-optimized conditions. The most significant factors had been identified and optimized by CCD design. RESULTS Among the eleven independent variables tested by PBD, glucose, peptone, (NH4)2SO4, and Mg SO4 were the most significant parameters for α-amylase production with an actual yield of 250U/ml. The best physical parameters affecting the enzyme production were incubation time at 35 °C, and pH 5.5 for 48 h. The partially purified enzyme with 60% ammonium sulphate saturation with 1.38- fold purification showed good stability characteristics at a storage temperature of 4 °C and pH up to 8.5 for 21 days. Antibiofilm activity of purified α-amylase was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 35659) by spectrophotometric analysis and CLSM microscopic analysis. Results demonstrated biofilm inhibition by 84% of the formed Pseudomonas biofilm using a microtiter plate assay and thickness inhibition activity by 83% with live/Dead cells percentage of 17%/83% using CLSM protocol. CONCLUSIONS A highly stable purified α-amylase from B. cereus showed promising antibiofilm activity against one of the clinically important biofilm-forming MDR organisms that could be used as a cost-effective tool in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Abo-Kamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S Abd-El-Salam
- Departemet of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten A Mostafa
- Departemet of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd-El-Rahman A Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Valorization of rice milled by-products (rice husk and de-oiled rice bran) into α-amylase with its process optimization, partial purification and kinetic study. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xie F, Feng F, Liu D, Quan S, Liu L, Zhang X, Chen G. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 35 M can exclusively produce and secrete proteases when cultured in soybean-meal-based medium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 209:112188. [PMID: 34742021 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Some microbial strains are ideal producers of extracellular enzymes that can be used in various industries. However, in many fields, especially in the pharmaceutical field, these enzymes need to be recovered and purified through multistep processes and tedious procedures before they can be used. The recovery process is difficult and increases the cost of enzyme production. Therefore, reducing purification steps will greatly benefit the utilization of microbial enzymes. The 35 M strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which has high extracellular protease production, was isolated from a phosphate mine. When cultured in a medium with soybean meal as the main component, the maximum activity of extracellular protease reached 16,992 U/mL. SDS-PAGE showed that there were two main proteins in the fermentation supernatant, with a paucity of other defined protein bands. Mass spectrometry and zymogram analysis showed that the two main bands were two proteases, corresponding to alkaline protease (AprM) and neutral protease (NprM), respectively. Gene cloning, sequencing, and further comparisons were used to confirm AprM and NprM correspond to these proteases from B. amyloliquefaciens. Notably, SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis showed that NprM had obviously higher catalytic efficiency toward casein than did AprM. Strain 35 M is a promising protease producer with great potential for applications in industrial protease production. Additionally, this study demonstrates strain 35 M may be particularly well suited to use in degrading anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal, so as to improve the nutritional value of soybean meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Xie
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Fei Feng
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Dehai Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Shujing Quan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Li Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xiujiang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Guocan Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Industrial Enzymes, Biology Institute of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Enez B. Purification and Characterization of Thermostable α-Amylase from Soil Bacterium Bacillus sp. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1372-1378. [PMID: 34711150 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211027113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amylases are used in several industrial and biotechnological sectors, including those producing textiles, detergents, paper and bakery products. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to purify an industrially important α-amylase from Bacillus sp. For this purpose, a single and rapid α-amylase purification was performed using the starch affinity method. METHODS Characterization of the purified enzyme was determined by investigating temperature, pH stability, detergents, and metal ions. RESULTS The purification coefficient of 29.8-fold with a yield of 9.2% was found. The molecular weight of the purified α-amylase was determined to be 53 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and thermostability was confirmed with 100% activity at 30ºC and 40ºC after 1 h. The purified enzyme was stable over a wide range of pH values, with optimum activity at pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 after 2 h. The study also investigated the effects of the metal ions and detergents on the purified amylase and found that Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions were the activators of the enzyme, while Zn2+, Co2+ and Na+ ions decreased the activity. Furthermore, Hg2+ indicated complete inhibition of amylase activity. The detergents Triton X-100 and Tween 20 increased the α-amylase activity, while sodium dodecyl sulfate inhibited the activity. CONCLUSION The purified α-amylase obtained from Bacillus sp. is considered to be environmentally friendly, can be processed in a short time, and has a low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barış Enez
- Veterinary Health Department, Vocational School of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Bingöl University, Bingöl. Turkey
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Bacillus velezensis Identification and Recombinant Expression, Purification, and Characterization of Its Alpha-Amylase. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylases account for about 30% of the global market of industrial enzymes, and the current amylases cannot fully meet industrial needs. This study aimed to identify a high α-amylase producing bacterium WangLB, to clone its α-amylase coding gene, and to characterize the α-amylase. Results showed that WangLB belonged to Bacillus velezensis whose α-amylase gene was 1980 bp coding 659 amino acids designated as BvAmylase. BvAmylase was a hydrophilic stable protein with a signal peptide and a theoretical pI of 5.49. The relative molecular weight of BvAmylase was 72.35 kDa, and was verified by SDS-PAGE. Its modeled structure displayed that it was a monomer composed of three domains. Its optimum temperature and pH were 70 °C and pH 6.0, respectively. It also showed high activity in a wide range of temperatures (40–75 °C) and a relatively narrow pH (5.0–7.0). It was a Ca2+-independent enzyme, whose α-amylase activity was increased by Co2+, Tween 20, and Triton X-100, and severely decreased by SDS. The Km and the Vmax of BvAmylase were 3.43 ± 0.53 and 434.19 ± 28.57 U/mg. In conclusion, the α-amylase producing bacterium WangLB was identified, and one of its α-amylases was characterized, which will be a candidate enzyme for industrial applications.
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Kuebutornye FKA, Lu Y, Abarike ED, Wang Z, Li Y, Sakyi ME. In vitro Assessment of the Probiotic Characteristics of Three Bacillus Species from the Gut of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:412-424. [PMID: 31243734 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics used in aquaculture are mostly from non-fish sources, as a result ineffective in eliciting the desired effects in aquatic animals. In this study, three Bacillus species were isolated from the digestive tract of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus and characterised based on their morphological, biochemical and evolutionary relationships. Their probiotic potentials were evaluated based on their ability to tolerate low pH, bile salt concentration, high temperatures, adhesion ability (auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity), haemolytic activity and antimicrobial activity including biosafety assay. Three Bacillus strains identified as Bacillus velezensis TPS3N (MK130897), Bacillus subtilis TPS4 (MK130899) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TPS17 (MK130898) were designated as TPS3N, TPS4 and TPS17, respectively. TPS3N and TPS17 were α-haemolytic, while TPS4 was γ-haemolytic. The three isolates had higher viability ability after exposure to higher temperatures (80 °C, 90 °C and 100 °C) and were resistant to low pH (1) and bile salt concentration (0.5%) as well as high cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation. The three isolates were compatible with one another and thus can be used in consortia. These strains were susceptible to gentamicin, cephalexin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, amikacin, penicillin, cefoperazone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin (except TPS4) and furazolidone (except TPS17). The antimicrobial assessment showed that among the three isolates, TPS3N and TPS17 exhibited good antimicrobial activity against the three fish pathogens (Streptococcus agalactiae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio harveyi), while TPS4 was effective against Streptococcus agalactiae only. The results of this work suggest that Bacillus strains TPS3N, TPS4 and TPS17 could be considered as potential probiotics in tilapia aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix K A Kuebutornye
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Michael Essien Sakyi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Huguang Yan East, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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10
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Amoah K, Dong XH, Tan BP, Zhang S, Kuebutornye FKA, Chi SY, Yang QH, Liu HY, Zhang HT, Yang YZ. In vitro Assessment of the Safety and Potential Probiotic Characteristics of Three Bacillus Strains Isolated From the Intestine of Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:675962. [PMID: 34124228 PMCID: PMC8193502 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.675962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics serving as an alternative to the criticized antibiotics mainly focus on improving animal's growth and health. After realizing the dangers posed by diseases that have led to lots of economic losses, aquaculture scientists have sought the usage of probiotics. However, most probiotics are ineffective in eliciting aquatic animals' preferred effects, since they are from non-fish sources. Again, there are even a few marine aquatic probiotics. Given this, a study was conducted to investigate the probiotic potential of the bacteria species isolated from the digestive tract of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). Based on the morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and evolutionary relationships, the isolated species were identified as Bacillus tequilensis GPSAK2 (MW548630), Bacillus velezensis GPSAK4 (MW548635), and Bacillus subtilis GPSAK9 (MW548634), which were designated as GPSAK2, GPSAK4, and GPSAK9 strains, respectively. Their probiotic potentials including their ability to tolerate high bile salt concentration, low pH, high temperatures, adhesion ability (auto-aggregation and cell-surface hydrophobicity), antimicrobial activity and biosafety test, compatibility test, hemolytic activity, and antibiotic susceptibility test were evaluated. While GPSAK2 and GPSAK9 strains were γ-hemolytic, that of GPSAK4 was α-hemolytic. All the isolates were resistant to low pH (1) and higher bile salt concentration (0.5%), showed higher viability ability after higher temperature exposure (80, 90, and 100°C), as well as higher cell-surface percentage hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation. All isolates exhibited positive compatibility with each other, signifying their ability to be used as multispecies. The three strains were susceptible to ampicillin (except GPSAK9, which was resistant), penicillin, kanamycin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, furazolidone (except GPSAK2 and GPSAK9, which were moderately susceptible and resistant, respectively), polymyxin B, vancomycin (except GPSAK9, which was resistant), sulfamethoxazole (except GPSAK9, which was moderately susceptible), amikacin, minocycline, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, doxycycline, neomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, carbenicillin, midecamycin (except GPSAK9, which was moderately susceptible), ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, and cefoperazone. All isolates demonstrated good antimicrobial activity against four pathogens, viz. Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio alginolyticus. The results collectively suggest that Bacillus strains GPSAK2, GPSAK4, and GPSAK9 could serve as potential probiotic candidates that can be used to improve the growth and health status of aquatic animals, especially grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bei-Ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Felix K A Kuebutornye
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shu-Yan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi-Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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11
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Bandal JN, Tile VA, Sayyed RZ, Jadhav HP, Azelee NIW, Danish S, Datta R. Statistical Based Bioprocess Design for Improved Production of Amylase from Halophilic Bacillus sp. H7 Isolated from Marine Water. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102833. [PMID: 34064563 PMCID: PMC8150710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) enzyme has gained tremendous demand in various industries, including wastewater treatment, bioremediation and nano-biotechnology. This compels the availability of enzyme in greater yields that can be achieved by employing potential amylase-producing cultures and statistical optimization. The use of Plackett-Burman design (PBD) that evaluates various medium components and having two-level factorial designs help to determine the factor and its level to increase the yield of product. In the present work, we are reporting the screening of amylase-producing marine bacterial strain identified as Bacillus sp. H7 by 16S rRNA. The use of two-stage statistical optimization, i.e., PBD and response surface methodology (RSM), using central composite design (CCD) further improved the production of amylase. A 1.31-fold increase in amylase production was evident using a 5.0 L laboratory-scale bioreactor. Statistical optimization gives the exact idea of variables that influence the production of enzymes, and hence, the statistical approach offers the best way to optimize the bioprocess. The high catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of amylase from Bacillus sp. H7 on soluble starch was estimated to be 13.73 mL/s/mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Bandal
- Department of Microbiology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce, and A.M. Science College, Nashik 422002, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (J.N.B.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - V. A. Tile
- Department of Microbiology, K.R.T. Arts, B.H. Commerce, and A.M. Science College, Nashik 422002, Maharashtra, India;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s, Arts, Science & Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (J.N.B.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
| | - H. P. Jadhav
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s, Arts, Science & Commerce College, Shahada 425409, Maharashtra, India;
| | - N. I. Wan Azelee
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Subhan Danish
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno-sever-Černá Pole, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (J.N.B.); (R.Z.S.); (R.D.)
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12
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Paul JS, Gupta N, Beliya E, Tiwari S, Jadhav SK. Aspects and Recent Trends in Microbial α-Amylase: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2649-2698. [PMID: 33715051 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylases are the oldest and versatile starch hydrolysing enzymes which can replace chemical hydrolysis of starch in industries. It cleaves the α-(1,4)-D-glucosidic linkage of starch and other related polysaccharides to yield simple sugars like glucose, maltose and limit dextrin. α-Amylase covers about 30% shares of the total enzyme market. On account of their superior features, α-amylase is the most widely used among all the existing amylases for hydrolysis of polysaccharides. Endo-acting α-amylase of glycoside hydrolase family 13 is an extensively used biocatalyst and has various biotechnological applications like in starch processing, detergent, textile, paper and pharmaceutical industries. Apart from these, it has some novel applications including polymeric material for drug delivery, bioremediating agent, biodemulsifier and biofilm inhibitor. The present review will accomplish the research gap by providing the unexplored aspects of microbial α-amylase. It will allow the readers to know about the works that have already been done and the latest trends in this field. The manuscript has covered the latest immobilization techniques and the site-directed mutagenesis approaches which are readily being performed to confer the desirable property in wild-type α-amylases. Furthermore, it will state the inadequacies and the numerous obstacles coming in the way of its production during upstream and downstream steps and will also suggest some measures to obtain stable and industrial-grade α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Shankar Paul
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Nisha Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Esmil Beliya
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India.,Department of Botany, Govt. College, Bichhua, Chhindwara, MP, 480111, India
| | - Shubhra Tiwari
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Jadhav
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG, 492010, India.
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13
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Rajesh R, Gummadi SN. α-Amylase and cellulase production by novel halotolerant Bacillus sp.PM06 isolated from sugarcane pressmud. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:149-159. [PMID: 33369761 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel Bacillus sp.PM06 isolated from sugarcane waste pressmud was tested for extracellular α-amylase and cellulase enzyme production. The effect of different substrates, nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on growth and extracellular enzyme production was examined. Bacillus sp.PM06 was able to grow with starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a sole source of carbon and ammonium chloride was found to be the best nitrogen source. Maximum enzyme production was obtained at 48 H for both α-amylase and cellulase. The optimal condition for measuring enzyme activity was found to be pH 5.5 at 50 °C for α-amylase and pH 6.4 at 60 °C for cellulase respectively. It was found that Bacillus sp.PM06 exhibited halotolerance up to 2 M Sodium chloride (NaCl) and Potassium chloride (KCl). The isolate could produce α-amylase in the presence of 2 M NaCl and 1 M KCl. However, the strain produced cellulase even in the presence of 2 M NaCl and KCl. Concomitant production of both enzymes was observed when the medium was supplemented with starch and CMC. A maximum of 31 ± 1.15 U/mL of amylase and 15 ± 1.5 U/mL of cellulase was produced in 48 H. The enzyme was partially purified by Ammonium sulphate (NH4 )2 SO4 precipitation with 2.2 and 2.3-fold purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Rajesh
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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14
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Production and characterization of psychrophilic α-amylase from a psychrophilic bacterium, Shewanella sp. ISTPL2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/amylase-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA psychrophilic and halophilic bacterial isolate, Shewanella sp. ISTPL2, procured from the pristine Pangong Lake, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India, was used for the production and characterization of the psychrophilic and alkalophilic α-amylase enzyme. The α-amylase is a critical enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch molecules and is predominately utilized in biotechnological applications. The highest enzyme activity of partially purified extracellular α-amylase was 10,064.20 U/mL after 12 h of incubation in a shake flask at pH 6.9 and 10 °C. Moreover, the maximum intracellular α-amylase enzyme activity (259.62 U/mL) was also observed at 6 h of incubation. The extracellular α-amylase was refined to the homogeneity with the specific enzyme activity of 36,690.47 U/mg protein corresponding to 6.87-fold purification. The optimized pH and temperature for the α-amylase were found to be pH 8 and 4 °C, respectively, suggesting its stability at alkaline conditions and low or higher temperatures. The amylase activity was highly activated by Cu2+, Fe2+ and Ca2+, while inhibited by Cd2+, Co2+ and Na2+. As per our knowledge, the current study reports the highest activity of a psychrophilic α-amylase enzyme providing prominent biotechnological potential.
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15
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Fincan SA, Özdemir S, Karakaya A, Enez B, Mustafov SD, Ulutaş MS, Şen F. Purification and characterization of thermostable α-amylase produced from Bacillus licheniformis So-B3 and its potential in hydrolyzing raw starch. Life Sci 2020; 264:118639. [PMID: 33141041 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This work was achieved to obtain the optimum culture conditions of the thermostable alpha-amylase produced by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3. Furthermore, the α-amylase was purified and then characterized, and also its kinetic parameters were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A new thermotolerant bacteria called Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3 employed in this work was isolated from a sample of thermal spring mud in Şırnak (Meyremderesi). Several parameters such as the impact of temperature, time, and pH on enzyme production were examined. Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed to analyze the end-products of soluble starch hydrolysis, and the utilization of purified α-amylase in the clarification of unripe apple juices was studied. KEY FINDINGS The highest enzyme production conditions were determined as 35 °C, 36th hour, and pH 7.0. Thermostable α-amylase was purified by 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and dialysis, with a 51-purification fold and 30% yield recovery. The Km and Vmax values for this enzyme were 0.004 mM and 3.07 μmol min-1 at 70 °C, respectively. The α-amylase's molecular weight was found as 74 kDa. In addition, α-amylase showed a good degradation rate for raw starch. SIGNIFICANCE It was hypothesized that Bacillus licheniformis SO-B3 could be used as an α-amylase source. These findings displayed that purified enzyme could be utilized in fruit juice industries for clarification of apple juice and raw starch hydrolyzing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Agüloğlu Fincan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Science Faculty, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, TR-33343 Yenişehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Adem Karakaya
- Biology Department, Arts and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Barış Enez
- Veterinary Health Department, Technical Science Vocational School, Bingöl University, 12000 Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Sibel Demiroğlu Mustafov
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100 Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sefa Ulutaş
- Biology Department, Arts and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100 Kütahya, Turkey
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16
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Statistical optimization of amylase production and its purification from a palm wine isolate Bacillus sp., Q-164. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Paul JS, Beliya E, Tiwari S, Patel K, Gupta N, Jadhav S. Production of biocatalyst α-amylase from agro-waste ‘rice bran’ by using Bacillus tequilensis TB5 and standardizing its production process. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Liu Z, Wang H, Xu W, Wang Z. Isolation and evaluation of the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus methylotrophicus (DD-1) for growth enhancement of rice seedling. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2169-2179. [PMID: 32519022 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus methylotrophicus has been demonstrated to promote growth of various plants, whereas the promoting effect of B. methylotrophicus on rice growth has been rarely reported. In this study, B. methylotrophicus DD-1, capable of efficiently promoting the growth of rice, was isolated from the root soil of rice plants. The isolate exhibited potassium-solubilizing (1.18 mg/L), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (87.26 mg/L), Gibberellic acid (GA) (25.91 mg/L) and Siderophore production activity (52.32%). As indicated from the result, plant growth parameters (e.g., dry weight, tiller number, root and shoot length) of rice seedlings treated with the isolate DD-1 were more effective than those of the control group in pot and soilless culture experiments. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of rice roots which were soaked in the bacterial suspension of isolate increased with the increase in concentration and absorption time. In sterilized and unsterilized soil, conformation of root colonization activity by bacterial isolate established by its nearer existence to the rice root. Thus, the B. methylotrophicus DD-1 enhances plant growth promotion by multifarious growth promoting and root colonization traits, thereby augmenting potassium level in soil. Henceforth, the potential bacterium could be exploited for the development of biological fertilizer, leading towards sustainable agronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeping Liu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hengxu Wang
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weihui Xu
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China. .,Heilongjiang Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Agromicrobial Preparation Industrialization, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
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19
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Salem K, Elgharbi F, Ben Hlima H, Perduca M, Sayari A, Hmida-Sayari A. Biochemical characterization and structural insights into the high substrate affinity of a dimeric and Ca 2+ independent Bacillus subtilis α-amylase. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2964. [PMID: 31951110 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular amylase (AmyKS) produced by a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis strain US572 was purified and characterized. AmyKS showed maximal activity at pH 6 and 60°C with a half-life of 10 min at 70°C. It is a Ca2+ independent enzyme and able to hydrolyze soluble starch into oligosaccharides consisting mainly of maltose and maltotriose. When compared to the studied α-amylases, AmyKS presents a high affinity toward soluble starch with a Km value of 0.252 mg ml-1 . Coupled with the size-exclusion chromatography data, MALDI-TOF/MS analysis indicated that the purified amylase is a dimer with a molecular mass of 136,938.18 Da. It is an unusual feature of a non-maltogenic α-amylase. A 3D model and a dimeric model of AmyKS were generated showing the presence of an additional domain suspected to be involved in the dimerization process. This dimer arrangement could explain the high substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Salem
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Fatma Elgharbi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, ENIS, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography and Nanostructure Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Aïda Hmida-Sayari
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et d'Ingénierie des Enzymes (LBMIE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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20
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Production of a novel α-amylase by Bacillus atrophaeus NRC1 isolated from honey: Purification and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:292-301. [PMID: 31945438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Different bacterial isolates with amylolytic activity were insulated from various honey samples. The most active isolate was identified by the molecular 16SrRNA sequence technique as Bacillus atrophaeus NRC1. The bacterium showed maximum amylase production under optimum culture conditions at pH 6.0, 40 °C and after 24 h incubation. Two amylase isoenzymes (AmyI and AmyII) from Bacillus atrophaeus NRC1 have been purified to homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. The major isoenzyme, AmyI, had a specific activity 4635 U/mg proteins with molecular weight of 61 kDa using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The maximum activity of AmyI against starch was determined at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. AmyI was stable up to 50 °C after incubation for 30 min, retained 65 and 23% of its activity at 60 and 70 °C, respectively. Pre-incubation with Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+ cations for 30 min enhanced the enzyme activity; while it was completely inhibited by Hg2+. Varied inhibition degree of the enzyme activity was determined with K+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Na2+ and Cu2+ ions. AmyI was inhibited by EDTA, PMSF and SDS, while it was activated by l-Cysteine-HCl and DTT. AmyI had the ability to degrade starch, amylopectin, glycogen, amylose and lacked the affinity towards β-1,4-linked xyloses.
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Low molecular weight alkaline thermostable α-amylase from Geobacillus sp. nov. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02171. [PMID: 31388592 PMCID: PMC6667821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Industrial demands for enzymes that are stable in a broad range of conditions are increasing. Such enzymes, one of which is α-amylase, could be produced by extremophiles. This study reports a thermostable α-amylase produced by a newly isolated Geobacillus sp. nov. from a geothermal area. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the isolate formed a separate branch with 95% homology to Geobacillus sp. After precipitation using ammonium sulphate followed by ion-exchange chromatography, the enzyme produced a specific activity of 25.1 (U/mg) with a purity of 6.5-fold of the crude extract. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 12.2 kDa. The optimum activity was observed at 75 °C and pH 8. The activity increased in the presence of Ba2+ and Fe2+ but decreased in the presence of K+ and Mg2+. Ca2+ and Mn2+ increased the activity slightly. The activity completely diminished with the addition of Cu2+. EDTA and PMSF also sharply reduced enzyme activity. Although the stability was moderate, the low molecular weight could be an important feature for its future applications.
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22
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Naidu K, Maseko S, Kruger G, Lin J. Purification and characterization of α-amylase from Paenibacillus sp. D9 and Escherichia coli recombinants. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1628738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayleen Naidu
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Sibusiso Maseko
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Gert Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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Elumalai P, Lim JM, Park YJ, Cho M, Shea PJ, Oh BT. Enhanced amylase production by a Bacillus subtilis strain under blue light-emitting diodes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:143-150. [PMID: 30636516 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1550656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A chemotrophic, aerobic bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis B2, was used to produce amylase by submerged fermentation under different light sources. SDS-PAGE indicated that the 55 kDa enzyme belonged to the α-amylase group. B2 was incubated in basal media with 1% soluble starch (pH 7.0) under blue, green, red, and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and white fluorescent light. Fermentation under blue LEDs maximized amylase production (180.59 ± 1.6 U/mL at 24 h). Production at 48 h increased to 310.56 ± 1.6 U/mL with 5% glucose as a simple carbon source and to 300.51 ± 1.7 U/mL with 5% groundnut oil cake as an agricultural waste substrate. Activity and stability of the amylase were greatest at pH 7.0 and 45-55 °C. Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Ba2+, and K+ increased activity, while Ni2+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Zn2+ inhibited activity. EDTA, PMSF and DTNB reduced activity by 50% or more, while tetrafluoroethylene and 1,10-phenanthroline reduced activity by 30%. The amylase was highly tolerant of the surfactants, compatible with organic solvents, oxidizing agents and the reducing agents reduced activity. These properties suggest utility of amylase produced by B. subtilis B2 under blue LED-mediated fermentation for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punniyakotti Elumalai
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Jeong-Muk Lim
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Yool-Jin Park
- b Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-Design, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Min Cho
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
| | - Patrick J Shea
- c School of Natural Resources , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA
| | - Byung-Taek Oh
- a Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan , South Korea
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24
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Sanchez AC, Ravanal MC, Andrews BA, Asenjo JA. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel cold-active α-amylase from the Antarctic bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. 2-3. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 155:78-85. [PMID: 30496815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase is an endo-acting enzyme which catalyzes random hydrolysis of starch. These enzymes are used in various biotechnological processes including the textile, paper, food, biofuels, detergents and pharmaceutical industries. The use of active enzymes at low temperatures has a high potential because these enzymes would avoid the demand for heating during the process thereby reducing costs. In this work, the gene of α-amylase from Pseudoalteromonas sp. 2-3 (Antarctic bacteria) has been sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The ORF of the α-amylase gene cloned into pET22b(+) is 1824 bp long and codes for a protein of 607 amino acid residues including a His6-tag. The mature protein has a calculated molecular mass of 68.8 kDa. Recombinant α-amylase was purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme is active on potato starch with a Km of 6.94 mg/ml and Vmax of 0.27 mg/ml*min. The pH optimum is 8.0 and the optimal temperature is 20 °C. This enzyme was strongly activated by Ca2+; results consistent with other α-amylases. To the best of our knowledge, this enzyme has the lowest temperature optimum so far reported for α-amylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria C Sanchez
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María Cristina Ravanal
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICYTAL), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Julio Sarrazín s/n, Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Barbara A Andrews
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan A Asenjo
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Beauchef 851, Santiago, Chile.
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25
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Du R, Zhao F, Qiao X, Song Q, Ye G, Wang Y, Wang B, Han Y, Zhou Z. Optimization and partial characterization of ca-independent α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BH1. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:768-774. [PMID: 30303444 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1504221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BH1 was evaluated for the generation of α-amylase. Culture conditions and medium components were optimized by a statistical approach for the optimal generation of α-amylase with response surface methodology (RSM) method. The Plackett-Burman (PB) design was executed to select the fermentation variables and Central composite design (CCD) for optimizing significant factors influencing production. The optimum levels for highest generation of α-amylase activity (198.26 ± 3.54 U/mL) were measured. A 1.69-fold improve generation was acquired in comparison with the non-optimized. Partial characterization of the α-amylase indicated optimal pH and temperature at 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. Crude α-amylase maintained a constant pH range 5.0-8.0 and 30-70 °C. The α-amylase was independent of Ca2+, and the activity was inhibited by Fe3+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+. The thermo and pH stability of the α-amylase indicate its extensive application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Du
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiao
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Qiaozhi Song
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Guangbin Ye
- b YoujiangMedical University for Nationalities , Guangxi , Baise , PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Binbin Wang
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Ye Han
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- a School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , PR China
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26
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Simultaneous production of alkaline amylase and biosurfactant by Bacillus methylotrophicus DCS1: application as detergent additive. Biodegradation 2018; 30:247-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-018-9847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Chaiyaso T, Srisuwan W, Techapun C, Watanabe M, Takenaka S. Direct bioconversion of rice residue from canteen waste into lipids by new amylolytic oleaginous yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus KX709872. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:361-371. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1446155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanongsak Chaiyaso
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wimada Srisuwan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Charin Techapun
- Bioprocess Research Cluster, Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takenaka
- Environmental Microbiology, Division of Agribioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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28
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Wu YR, Mao A, Sun C, Shanmugam S, Li J, Zhong M, Hu Z. Catalytic hydrolysis of starch for biohydrogen production by using a newly identified amylase from a marine bacterium Catenovulum sp. X3. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [PMID: 28647525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An identified cold-adaptive, organic solvents-tolerant alkaline α-amylase (HP664) from Catenovulum sp. strain X3 was heterologously expressed and characterized in E. coli, and it was further applied to starch saccharification for biohydrogen production. The recombinant HP664 belongs to a member of glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13), with a molecular weight of 69.6kDa without signal peptides, and also shares a relatively low similarity (49%) to other reported amylases. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the maximal enzymatic activity of HP664 was observed at 35°C and pH 9.0. Most metal ions inhibited its activity; however, low polar organic solvents (e.g., benzene and n-hexane) could enhance the activity by 35-50%. Additionally, HP664 also exhibited the catalytic capability on various polysaccharides, including potato starch, amylopectin, dextrin and agar. In order to increase the bioavailability of starch for H2 production, HP664 was utilized to elevate fermentable oligosaccharide level, and the results revealed that the maximal hydrolytic percentage of starch was up to 44% with 12h of hydrolysis using 5.63U of HP664. Biohydrogen fermentation of the starch hydrolysate by Clostridium sp. strain G1 yielded 297.7mL of H2 after 84h of fermentation, which is 3.73-fold higher than the control without enzymatic treatment of HP664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rui Wu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063 China
| | - Aihua Mao
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063 China
| | - Chongran Sun
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063 China
| | | | - Jin Li
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063 China
| | - Mingqi Zhong
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063 China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063 China.
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29
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Simair AA, Qureshi AS, Khushk I, Ali CH, Lashari S, Bhutto MA, Mangrio GS, Lu C. Production and Partial Characterization of α-Amylase Enzyme from Bacillus sp. BCC 01-50 and Potential Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9173040. [PMID: 28168200 PMCID: PMC5267059 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9173040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Amylase is an industrially important enzyme and applied in many industrial processes such as saccharification of starchy materials, food, pharmaceutical, detergent, and textile industries. This research work deals with the optimization of fermentation conditions for α-amylase production from thermophilic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. BCC 01-50 and characterization of crude amylase. The time profile of bacterial growth and amylase production was investigated in synthetic medium and maximum enzyme titer was observed after 60 h. In addition, effects of different carbon sources were tested as a substrate for amylase production and molasses was found to be the best. Various organic and inorganic compounds, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, urea, yeast extract, tryptone, beef extract, and peptone, were used and beef extract was found to be the best among the nitrogen sources used. Temperature, pH, agitation speed, and size of inoculum were also optimized. Highest enzyme activity was obtained when the strain was cultured in molasses medium for 60 h in shaking incubator (150 rpm) at 50°C and pH 8. Crude amylase showed maximal activity at pH 9 and 65°C. Enzyme remained stable in alkaline pH range 9-10 and 60-70°C. Crude amylase showed great potential for its application in detergent industry and saccharification of starchy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Ahmed Simair
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Abdul Sattar Qureshi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Imrana Khushk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Chaudhry Haider Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, KSK Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Safia Lashari
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Sughra Mangrio
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Changrui Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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30
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Dey TB, Kumar A, Banerjee R, Chandna P, Kuhad RC. Improvement of microbial α-amylase stability: Strategic approaches. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Wang S, Jeyaseelan J, Liu Y, Qin W. Characterization and Optimization of Amylase Production in WangLB, a High Amylase-Producing Strain of Bacillus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:136-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Shukla R, Singh S. Characteristics and thermodynamics of α-amylase from thermophilic actinobacterium, Laceyella sacchari TSI-2. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Purification and characterization of a novel and versatile α-amylase from thermophilicAnoxybacillussp. YIM 342. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Gao B, Mao Y, Zhang L, He L, Wei D. A novel saccharifying α-amylase of Antarctic psychrotolerant fungiGeomyces pannorum: Gene cloning, functional expression, and characterization. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201500077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Youzhi Mao
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Lei He
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering; New World Institute of Biotechnology; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai P.R. China
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35
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Wu J, Xia B, Li Z, Ye X, Chen Q, Dong W, Zhou J, Huang Y, Cui Z. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel GH13 saccharifying α‐amylase AmyC fromCorallococcussp. EGB. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Wu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Bingjie Xia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Qiongzhen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life SciencesKey Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityP. R. China
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36
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Shukla RJ, Singh SP. Production optimization, purification and characterization of α-amylase from thermophilicBacillus licheniformis TSI-14. STARCH-STARKE 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rushit J. Shukla
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot India
| | - Satya P. Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences; Saurashtra University; Rajkot India
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37
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Microbial interactions for enhancement of α-amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 04BBA15 and Lactobacillus fermentum 04BBA19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [PMID: 28626668 PMCID: PMC5466130 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interactions occurring between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two thermostable α-amylase producing strains (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 04BBA15 and Lactobacillus fermentum 04BBA19) were analyzed by comparing their growth patterns obtained in isolation with those obtained in mixture. The difference between the patterns was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in order to measure how much the growth of an organism was affected by other. The results showed two types of interactions in mixed culture; commensalism between S. cerevisiae and B. amyloliquefaciens 04BBA15 and mutualism between S. cerevisiae and L. fermentum 04BBA19. In mixed culture, the α-amylase production increased significantly compared to that observed in monoculture (P < 0.05). Response surface optimization of fermentation parameters in mixed cultures (initial yeast to bacteria ratio 1.125, temperature 33.5 °C, pH 5.5) resulted in about 1.8 fold higher enzyme production than that observed in the unoptimized fermentation.
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38
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Mesbah NM, Wiegel J. Halophilic alkali- and thermostable amylase from a novel polyextremophilic Amphibacillus sp. NM-Ra2. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:222-9. [PMID: 25008132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular gluco-amylo-pullulanase from Amphibacillus sp. NM-Ra2 was purified to homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Molecular mass of the enzyme was 50kDa (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme showed maximal activity at 1.9 M NaCl, pH50°C 8.0 and 54°C and was active from 0 to 4.3 M NaCl and 37 to 65°C. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and was stable and active in the presence of PMSF, DTT, H2O2, Triton-X-100, Tween 20 and Tween 80. Ca2+ is inessential for activity. The amylase was stimulated with K+ and inhibited with Cu2+ and Mg2+. Hg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ had no effect on activity. Amylase was stable and active in the presence of ethanol, methanol and benzene (25%, v/v). The enzyme hydrolyzed linear and branched polysaccharides including pullulan, glycogen and amylopectin, and hydrolyzed raw wheat starch and raw corn starch (14.6% and 13.5% over 2 h). Amylase activity was inhibited by soluble starch concentrations greater than 0.3%. The major products of soluble starch hydrolysis were maltose and maltotriose. The amylase, being halophilic and alkali-thermostable, in addition to being resistant to surfactants, oxidizing agents and organic solvents, can find applications in the starch processing, pharmaceutical, food and paper/pulp industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Mesbah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Juergen Wiegel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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