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Wang J, Li S, Zhang H, Zhang X. A review of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structural-property relationships, and bioactive molecular mechanisms. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109230. [PMID: 39137472 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum L. is of great significance medicinal and edible plant, which is native to N. & Central China. The extensive health benefits of L. barbarum have earned it great respect in traditional medicine for centuries. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) being recognized as one of the most crucial bioactive compounds found within this plant, with it exhibit a diverse range of pharmacological activities and nutritional functions, thereby generating substantial market demand and broad application prospects. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of LBPs, the review discussed the extraction, purification and structural-property relationships of these compounds. In addition, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the potential mechanisms underlying various biological activities attributed to LBPs, including immune modulation, antioxidant effects, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, and antitumor properties. The application status and the future research directions of LBPs were subsequently presented. This review will establish a robust foundation and serve as an invaluable resource for future research and advancements in the field of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Shifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
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Xie Q, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu G. Development and characterization of a new potato starch/watermelon peel pectin composite film loaded with TiO 2 nanoparticles and microencapsulated Lycium barbarum leaf flavonoids and its use in the Tan mutton packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126532. [PMID: 37634783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Reinforced edible film with active nanoparticles has been in increasing demand as a new technology to improve the quality and extend the shelf-life of muscle foods. The study aimed to fabricate and characterize a novel potato starch (Pst)/watermelon peel pectin (Wpp) composite film with the microencapsulated Lycium barbarum leaf flavonoids (MLF) and nano-TiO2 (Pst/Wpp/MLF/TiO2) and further apply the film in Tan mutton preservation. The moisture content, thickness and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the composite film were relatively increased with increasing the percentage of MLF, while nano-TiO2 had slight influence on the thickness, but leaded to a significantly decreased the moisture content and WVP. Also, the SEM images showed that the roughness and porosity were created on the film surface by adding MLF and nano-TiO2. FTIR revealed electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions between the components in the film system. Meanwhile, MLF and nano-TiO2 effectively enhanced the mechanical strength, UV-barrier, controlled-release, thermal stability, antimicrobial and antioxidation properties of the Pst/Wpp film. Also, the composite film containing MLF and nano-TiO2 significantly inhibited the growth of microorganisms and chemical deterioration of mutton samples, which suggested that such film has potential as a prospective active packaging for preserving Tan mutton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Xuexia Liu
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yuanlv Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Guishan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Fu R, Xie R, Wang B, Li Q. Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of processed polysaccharides PCP-F1 from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1272977. [PMID: 37731400 PMCID: PMC10508638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1272977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. (PC) is a traditional Chinese herb with a history of use in both food and medicine. For clinical use, processed PC pieces are most commonly used, while present research has focused on crude PC polysaccharides (PCPs). Methods In this study, a new polysaccharide, PCP-F1, with a molecular weight of 37.46 kDa, was separated from four-time processed PCPs by column chromatography and evaluated by antioxidant activity. It was composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid with a molar ratio of 3.5: 2.5: 1.3: 1.8: 0.8. Results and Discussion The methylation analysis and two-dimensional NMR measurement revealed that the configuration of PCP-F1 contained nine residues in the primary structural unit by the chain of →3)-α-D-Glcp, →2)-α-D-Glcp (6→, →1)-ꞵ-D-Glcp (2→, →2)-α-D-GalAp (3,4→, →1) -ꞵ-D-Manp (3→, →2)-α-D-Glcp (3→, branched for →3)-α-D-Glcp, →2)-ꞵ-D-Galp (4→, →1)-ꞵ-D-Glcp (2→, →2,4)-α-D-Manp (6→, →3)-α-L-Rhap (4→. Radical scavenging assays indicated that PCP-F1 could scavenge radicals with a high scavenging rate, suggesting PCP-F1 possesses good antioxidant activity. The study confirms the importance of processed PC and offers the potential for exploiting it as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ranze Fu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ruonan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Effects of Lactobacillus fermentation on Eucheuma spinosum polysaccharides: Characterization and mast cell membrane stabilizing activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120742. [PMID: 36925257 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Eucheuma polysaccharides have varieties of biological activities. However, it is accompanied by problems like large molecular weight, high viscosity, and low utilization. Here, we first prepared fermented Eucheuma spinosum polysaccharides (F-ESP) by Lactobacillus fermentation, compared with low-temperature freeze-thaw ESP (L-ESP) prepared by the freeze-thaw method, explored the composition and structural characteristics of F-ESP and L-ESP, and evaluation of the ability of different samples to inhibit mast cell degranulation using classical mast cell model. Then, the activity of L-ESP and F-ESP in vivo was preliminarily evaluated using a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model. Two kinds of F-ESP named F1-ESP-3 and F2-ESP-3 were obtained by fermentation of Eucheuma spinosum with the selected strains of Lactobacillus.sakei subsp.sakei and Lactobacillus.rhamnosus. Compared with the purified component L-ESP-3, the monosaccharide composition of F1-ESP-3 contains more glucuronic acid, the molecular weight reduced from >600 kDa (L-ESP-3) to 28.30 kDa (F1-ESP-3) and 33.58 kDa (F2-ESP-3), F1-ESP-3 has higher solubility and lower apparent viscosity. Fermentation did not destroy the functional groups and structure of ESP. Moreover, F1-ESP-3 significantly inhibited RBL-2H3 cell degranulation by reducing depolymerization of F-actin and Ca2+ influx. F1-ESP-3 reduced the symptoms of mast cell-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, indicating that F1-ESP-3 may have better anti-allergic activity in vivo.
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Wang Z, Liu H, Fu R, Ou J, Wang B. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide PKP2-1 from Polygonatum kingianum. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1156798. [PMID: 37051130 PMCID: PMC10083337 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1156798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the structure characterization and antiinflammatory activity of a novel polysaccharide, PKP2-1, from the rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. and Hemsl.MethodsWe isolated a novel polysaccharide, PKP2-1, from the rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. and Hemsl. for the first time, which was then successively purified through hot-water extraction, 80% alcohol precipitation, anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PKP2-1 in MH7A cells was assessed using a CCK-8 kit assay.ResultsMonosaccharide composition assay revealed that PKP2-1 was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid at an approximate molar ratio of 6:2:2:1. It had a molecular weight of approximately 17.34 kDa. Structural investigation revealed that the backbone of PKP2-1 consisted of (→2, 3)-α-D-Galp(4→, →2)-α-D-Manp(3→, →2)-β-D-Glcp(4→) and α-D-Glcp(3→) residues with side chains (→2)-β-D-Glcp(4→, →1)-α-D-Galp(4→) and α-D-Glcp(3→) branches located at O-3 position of (→2, 3)-α-D-Galp(4→). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of PKP2-1 in MH7A cells revealed that PKP2-1 could reduce the expression of IL-11β and IL-6, increase the expression of IL-10 and induce apoptosis of synovial fibroblasts.ConclusionThe PKP2-1 could inhibit MH7A cell growth and potentially be exploited as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Yu Z, Xia M, Lan J, Yang L, Wang Z, Wang R, Tao H, Shi Y. A comprehensive review on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of the genus Lycium in China. Food Funct 2023; 14:2998-3025. [PMID: 36912477 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The Lycium genus, perennial herbs of the Solanaceae family, has been an important source of medicines and nutrient supplements for thousands of years in China, where seven species and three varieties are cultivated. Among these, Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense Mill., two "superfoods", together with Lycium ruthenicum Murr, have been extensively commercialized and studied for their health-related properties. The dried ripe fruits of the genus Lycium are well recognized as functional foods for the management of various ailments including waist and knee pain, tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea, blood deficiency and weak eyes since ancient times. Phytochemical studies have reported numerous chemical components in the Lycium genus, categorized as polysaccharides, carotenoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and fatty acids, and its therapeutic roles in antioxidation, immunomodulation, antitumor treatment, hepatoprotection and neuroprotection have been further confirmed by modern pharmacological studies. As a multi-functional food, the quality control of Lycium fruits has also attracted attention internationally. Despite its popularity in research, limited systematic and comprehensive information has been provided on the Lycium genus. Therefore, herein, we provide an up-to-date review of the distribution, botanical features, phytochemistry, pharmacology and quality control of the Lycium genus in China, which will provide evidence for further in-depth exploration and comprehensive utilization of Lycium, especially its fruits and active ingredients in the healthcare field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Mengqin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jiping Lan
- Experiment center for teaching & learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongxun Tao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212016, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,Institute of TCM International Standardization, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Taoerdahong H, Kadeer G, Chang J, Kang J, Ma X, Yang F. A Review Concerning the Polysaccharides Found in Edible and Medicinal Plants in Xinjiang. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052054. [PMID: 36903300 PMCID: PMC10004434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 110 types of medicinal materials are listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, both for medicinal purposes and for use as food. There are several domestic scholars who have carried out research on edible plant medicine in China and the results are satisfactory. Though these related articles have appeared in domestic magazines and journals, many of them are yet to be translated into English. Most of the research stays in the extraction and quantitative testing stage, and there are a few medicinal and edible plants that are still under in-depth study. A majority of these edible and herbal plants are also highly enriched in polysaccharides, and this has an effect on immune systems for the prevention of cancer, inflammation, and infection. Comparing the polysaccharide composition of medicinal and edible plants, the monosaccharide and polysaccharide species were identified. It is found that different polysaccharides of different sizes have different pharmacological properties, with some polysaccharides containing special monosaccharides. The pharmacological properties of polysaccharides can be summarized as immunomodulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and anti-hyperlipemic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. There have been no poisonous effects found in studies of plant polysaccharides, probably because the substances have a long history of use and are safe. In this paper, the application potential of polysaccharides in medicinal and edible plants in Xinjiang was reviewed, and the research progress in the extraction, separation, identification, and pharmacology of these plant polysaccharides was reviewed. At present, the research progress of plant polysaccharides in medicines and food in Xinjiang has not been reported. This paper will provide a data summary for the development and utilization of medical and food plant resources in Xinjiang.
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Wang H, Li Y, Dai Y, Ma L, Di D, Liu J. Screening, structural characterization and anti-adipogenesis effect of a water-soluble polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. by an activity-oriented approach. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Xu Z, Li X, Tian X, Yang S, Li Y, Li Z, Guo T, Kong J. Characterization of the antioxidant activities of the exopolysaccharides produced by Streptococcus thermophilus CGMCC 7.179. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The interfacial destabilization of bile salt-emulsified oil droplets, essential for lipase function, is mediated by Lycium barbarum L. leaf polysaccharides. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cao C, Wang Z, Gong G, Huang W, Huang L, Song S, Zhu B. Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides on Immunity and Metabolic Syndrome Associated with the Modulation of Gut Microbiota: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:3177. [PMID: 37430929 PMCID: PMC9602392 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have attracted increasing attention due to their multiple pharmacological activities and physiological functions. Recently, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the biological effects of dietary LBPs are related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Supplementation with LBPs could modulate the composition of microbial communities, and simultaneously influence the levels of active metabolites, thus exerting their beneficial effects on host health. Interestingly, LBPs with diverse chemical structures may enrich or reduce certain specific intestinal microbes. The present review summarizes the extraction, purification, and structural types of LBPs and the regulation effects of LBPs on the gut microbiome and their derived metabolites. Furthermore, the health promoting effects of LBPs on host bidirectional immunity (e.g., immune enhancement and immune inflammation suppression) and metabolic syndrome (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) by targeting gut microbiota are also discussed based on their structural types. The contents presented in this review might help to better understand the health benefits of LBPs targeting gut microbiota and provide a scientific basis to further clarify the structure-function relationship of LBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Lycium Genus Polysaccharide: An Overview of its Extraction, Structures, Pharmacological Activities and Biological Applications. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide is considered to be the main active ingredient of the genus Lycium L., which is taken from the dried fruit of the famous Chinese herbal medicine and precious tonic known as wolfberry. Traditional uses include nourishing the liver and kidney and improving eyesight, with widespread use in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine. Many studies have focused on the isolation and identification of the genus Lycium L. polysaccharide and its biological activities. However, the variety of raw materials and the mechanisms of polysaccharides differ. After extraction, the structure and biological activity of the obtained polysaccharides also differ. To date, approximately 58 kinds of polysaccharides have been isolated and purified from the Lycium genus, including water-soluble polysaccharides; homogeneous polysaccharides; pectin polysaccharides; acidic heteropolysaccharides; and arabinogalactans, which are composed of arabinose, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, ribose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. Pharmacological studies have shown that LBPs exhibit a variety of important biological activities, such as protection of nerves; promotion of reproduction; and anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and eyesight-improving activities. The aim this paper is to summarize previous and current references to the isolation process, structural characteristics, and biological activities of the genus Lycium L. polysaccharide. This review will provide a useful reference for further research and application of the genus Lycium L. polysaccharide in the field of functional food and medicine.
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Novel Compound Polysaccharides from Chinese Herbal Medicines: Purification, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9973419. [PMID: 35720177 PMCID: PMC9205717 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9973419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities in vivo and in vitro of purified compound polysaccharides (CPs-1) from Chinese herbal medicines, composed of lotus leaf, hawthorn, Fagopyrum tataricum, Lycium barbarum, Semen cassiae, and Poria cocos with the mass ratio of 2 : 4 : 2 : 1 : 1.5 : 1. The HPGPC profile and FT-IR spectra indicated that the average molecular weight of CPs-1 was 38.7 kDa and possessed the α- and β-D-pyranose, respectively. The methylation analysis and NMR spectrum demonstrated that CPs-1 had a →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp(1→ backbone. Furthermore, the antioxidant assays in vitro revealed that CPs-1 displayed high scavenging abilities for DPPH, hydroxyl, and reducing power, as well as ABTS and superoxide scavenging capacity. The antioxidant experiments in vivo revealed that CPs-1 could significantly enhance CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px activities and dramatically reduce MDA levels in liver and serum of high-fat mice. Therefore, CPs-1 could be potentially incorporated into pharmaceutical products or functional foods as a natural antioxidant.
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Feng X, Du C, Wang C. Structural characterization of polysaccharide from yellow sweet potato and ameliorates DSS-induced mice colitis by active GPR41/MEK/ERK 1/2 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:278-288. [PMID: 34597702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A polysaccharide isolated from yellow sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) consisted of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glc, GalA, GlcA with the ratio of 1.00, 2.00, 3.63, 1.21, 1.17, 1.14, respectively. The molecular weight (Mw) of RSPP-A was determinted to be 2.51×106 kDa. Methylation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (1D & 2D) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that RSPP-A possessed six glycosidic bonds including α-L-Araf-(1→, →5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-L-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. In dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced mouse-acute-colitis model, the results indicated that RSPP-A could down- regulate the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β, and promote the secretion of IL-10 in serum and colon, which also suggested that RSPP-A could enhance the contents of short chain fatty acids(SCFAs) and up-regulate the expression of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR41) in colon. Moreover, the expression of Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were up-regulated in colon after intervention with RSPP-A, result from above suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity might be related to the production of SCFA, activating GPR41/MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No.29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Structural characteristics of a highly branched and acetylated pectin from Portulaca oleracea L. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Shi Y, Ye YF, Zhang BW, Liu Y, Wang JH. Purification, structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Umbilicaria esculenta. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:743-751. [PMID: 33798575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an active component UP1-1 was isolated from Chinese Huangshan Umbilicaria esculenta via hot water extraction and purified by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. UP1-1 mainly composed of galactose, mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 0.8:1.0:4.6 with an average molecular weight of 281 kDa. Methylation analysis of UP1-1 revealed the major glycosidic bonds comprised 1,6-linked Glcp, 1,4-linked Glcp, t-linked Glcp, 1,3,6-linked Manp, 1,3-linked Galp, t-linked Galp at the ratio of 2.28:0.38:0.32:0.63:0.25:0.29. Structural analysis results revealed that the backbone of UP1-1 consisted of →6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-β-D-Manp-(1→, →4)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → residues with side chains of →3)-β-D-Galp-(1→, β-D-Galp-(1 → and β-D-Glcp-(1 → branches located at O-3 position of →6)-β-D-Manp-(1→. Immunostimulatory activity tests showed that UP1-1 could promote the phagocytic activity and NO production of RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. UP1-1 could significantly improve the proliferation effect of RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. Thus, UP1-1 exerted good immunostimulatory activity, suggesting that UP1-1 has a great potential application in pharmacological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Hui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Yang X, Ji HY, Feng YY, Yu J, Liu AJ. A Novel Optimization of Water-Soluble Compound Polysaccharides from Chinese Herbal Medicines by Quantitative Theory and Study on Its Characterization and Antioxidant Activities. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000688. [PMID: 33258537 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study optimized the extraction characterization and antioxidant activities of water-soluble compound polysaccharides (CPs) from hawthorn, lotus leaf, Fagopyrum tataricum, semen cassiae, Lycium barbarum, and Poria cocos Chinese herbal medicines that have mass ratios of 4 : 2 : 2 : 1.5 : 1 : 1. The CPs yield equation was predicted using quantitative theory, to which a maximum CPs yield of 7.18±0.24 % under the following optimal extraction conditions: a water-to-raw material ratio of 30 mL/g, an extraction temperature of 65 °C, an extraction time of 45 min, and extraction mode ultrasonic-assistant extraction. CPs were consisted of Ara, Gal, Glc, Xyl, Man, GalA and GlcA in a molar ratio of 3.1 : 2.6 : 50.6 : 1.7 : 20.4 : 17.2 : 4.2. The HPGPC profiles and FT-IR spectra implied that CPs were heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides and possessed the β-d-pyranose configuration. Congo red test, CD spectrum and SEM revealed that CPs with three helix conformation showed a flocculent, granulous or sheet-like appearance. Furthermore, the relationships between antioxidant activity and concentration of CPs displayed significant positive correlation, and the scavenging abilities for DPPH, hydroxyl radical, ABTS, superoxide-anion radical and reducing power of CPs were 93.56±2.51 %, 84.03±1.69 %, 83.29±1.93 %, 37.49±1.93 % and 0.467±0.006 at a concentration of 4.0 mg/mL. Therefore, CPs could be applied as a potential natural antioxidant in pharmaceutical or functional food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Tianjin Food Safety Inspection Technology Institute, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - An-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
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18
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Fakhfakh J, Athmouni K, Mallek-Fakhfakh H, Ayedi H, Allouche N. Polysaccharide from Lycium arabicum: Structural Features, in Vitro Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effect against Oxidative Damage in Human Erythrocytes. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000614. [PMID: 33084194 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this research work, a water-soluble polysaccharide (LAP) isolated from the fruits of Lycium arabicum was investigated. LAP contains carbohydrates (82.45±1.23 %), protein (1.56±0.21 %), and uronic acids (3.56±0.34 %). The analysis of the monosaccharide composition revealed the presence of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose and mannose in a molar ratio of 4.7 : 1.5 : 1 : 8.7 : 16.4 : 5.6. The extracted polysaccharide (PS) was considered as heterogeneous and highly branched by interpreting its GC/MS, FT-IR and NMR data. Crystallinity of LAP was inferred from its X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. LAP exhibited an interesting stability at high temperatures (∼254 °C) and in a wide range of pH (3-9) deduced, respectively, from its DSC and zeta potential analysis. LAP displayed a strong antioxidant activity at low concentrations evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity power (FRAP), free radical scavenging ability, superoxide radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging abilities. Inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis and lipid peroxidation was also assessed. In 5 h, LAP treatment allowed the protection of the damaged erythrocytes caused by AAPH (2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), to reduce the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as to increase the reduced glutathione (GSH) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawhar Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Section), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Road of Soukra, Km 4.5, P.O. Box 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Athmouni
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Mallek-Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Section), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Road of Soukra, Km 4.5, P.O. Box 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology of Eucaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, Sidi Mansour, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayedi
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, University of Sfax, P.O. Box 95, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08 (Natural Substances Section), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Road of Soukra, Km 4.5, P.O. Box 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia
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19
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Wang C, He Y, Tang X, Li N. Sulfation, structural analysis, and anticoagulant bioactivity of ginger polysaccharides. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2427-2434. [PMID: 32686122 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ginger polysaccharide (GP), ginger polysaccharide 1 (GP1), and ginger polysaccharide 2 (GP2) from ginger were firstly modified by sulfation. Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra investigation of sulfated ginger polysaccharide (SGP), sulfated ginger polysaccharide 1 (SGP1), and sulfated ginger polysaccharide 2 (SGP2) revealed that the sulfation successfully occurred with the characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide. Congo red experiment showed that triple helical structure existed in SGP and SGP1, but random coils existed in SGP2. SGP, SGP1, and SGP2 all showed a rough and rugged surface with plenty of small pores. The blood clotting time of SGP2 or SGP at 2 mg/mL in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay was 41.42 or 38.01 s, respectively, which were approximately 1.33- and 1.22-fold longer than that of the physiological saline. Compared to the saline control group, prothrombin time (PT) was increased by 1.22-fold with the addition of GP at 2 mg/mL. However, no clotting inhibition phenomenon was observed in thrombin time test even at the concentrations that APTT and PT were obviously prolonged. It indicated that GP2, SGP2, and SGP inhibited the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, but GP inhibited both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Hence, ginger polysaccharides might be used as anticoagulants and therapeutic reagents for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, PR China
| | - Yaoxuan He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaozhen Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, PR China
| | - Ningyang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, 271018, PR China
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20
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Ran L, Chen F, Zhang J, Mi J, Lu L, Yan Y, Cao Y. Antitumor effects of pollen polysaccharides from Chinese wolfberry on DU145 cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:1164-1173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Zhao Y, Chen X, Jia W, Gong G, Zhao Y, Li G, Zhou J, Li X, Zhao Y, Ma W. Extraction, isolation, characterisation, antioxidant and anti‐fatigue activities of
Pleurotus eryngii
polysaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710021China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710021China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710021China
| | - Guoli Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710021China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710021China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710021China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Xi’an Medical University Xi’an 710021China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Xi’an Medical University Xi’an 710021China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Xi’an Medical University Xi’an 710021China
| | - Wenjin Ma
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000China
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22
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Zhao XQ, Guo S, Lu YY, Hua Y, Zhang F, Yan H, Shang EX, Wang HQ, Zhang WH, Duan JA. Lycium barbarum L. leaves ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats by modulating metabolic profiles and gut microbiota composition. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109559. [PMID: 31734581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaf of Lycium barbarum L. (LLB) has been widely used as a tea, vegetable, and herb in China and Southeast Asia for centuries; this is because of the hypoglycemic effect it has, but the mechanism behind this effect is still unclear. In this study, a type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rat model, induced by a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections, was adopted. The biochemical index was determined and the histopathological and metabolomics analyses of serum and urine and 16S rDNA sequencing of the gut microbiota were performed. We evaluated the hypoglycemic effects and the mechanism of action of the water extract from LLB, which contained neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin (up to 6.06%). The relationships between biochemical indexes, serum and urine metabolites, and gut microbiota were analyzed. The results showed that the LLB extract could noticeably modulate the levels of blood glucose and lipids in diabetic rats as well as repair injuries in livers, kidneys and pancreas. The changes in serum and urine metabolites caused by T2DM were reversed after the administration of LLB; these changes were found to mainly be correlated with the following pathways: nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA from fecal samples showed that the LLB extract could reverse the gut microbiota dysbiosis that T2DM had induced. Therefore, we conclude that T2DM, which altered the metabolic profiles and gut microbiota, could be alleviated effectively using the LLB extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - You-Yuan Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Hua
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | | | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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23
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Isolation, structural characterizations and bioactivities of exopolysaccharides produced by Bacillus licheniformis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:298-306. [PMID: 31465808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extraction polysaccharide from microorganism is a research hotspot. In this work, a new type of water-soluble exopolysaccharides (EPS) was isolated from Bacillus licheniformis. Firstly, response surface methodology (RSM), based on a three-level, three-factor, was used to determine optimum conditions for EPS extraction. And RSM analysis indicated optimum condition was at the temperature of 8 °C for 10.44 h with ethanol at a concentration of 79.22% (v/v), the maximum yield of EPS was 3.07 g/mL. Secondly, EPS were seperated using DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and acquired two polysaccharide fractions, BL-P1 and BL-P2. BL-P1 had larger molecular weight than BL-P2 from structural analyses, because of higher content of mannose, ribose, glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose and fructose in BL-P2. Moreover, the characterization of BL-P1 and BL-P2 was investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the results indicated that EPS was mainly composed of→3)-α-d-Galp-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1 → and→4)-β-l-Fucp-(1 → 4)-β-d-Xylp-(1 → 4)-α-l-Rhap (1 → 3) -β-d-Manp-(4 → residues. In vitro antioxidant activity assay, EPS exhibited potent quenching capacities on hydroxyl and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BL-P2 had higher activity than BL-P1 in inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which would have potential to be applied in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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24
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Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Biological Functions of Lycium Barbarum Polysaccharides: A Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090389. [PMID: 31438522 PMCID: PMC6770593 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs), as bioactive compounds extracted from L. barbarum L. fruit, have been widely explored for their potential health properties. The extraction and structural characterization methods of LBPs were reviewed to accurately understand the extraction method and structural and biological functions of LBPs. An overview of the biological functions of LBPs, such as antioxidant function, antitumor activity, neuroprotective effects, immune regulating function, and other functions, were summarized. This review provides an overview of LBPs and a theoretical basis for further studying and extending the applications of LBPs in the fields of medicine and food.
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25
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Zhao XQ, Guo S, Yan H, Lu YY, Zhang F, Qian DW, Wang HQ, Duan JA. Analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of Lycium barbarum from different habitats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4552. [PMID: 30985939 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Lycium barbarum (LLB) have been utilized as crude drugs and functional tea for human health in China and Southeast Asia for thousands of years. To control its quality, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the first time for simultaneous determination of 10 phenolic acids and flavonoids (including neochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) in LLB. The separation was performed on an Acquity UPLC C18 chromatographic column (100 × 2.1 mm internal diameter, 1.7 μm particle size) with 0.1% formic acid in water (A)-acetonitrile (B) as the mobile phase under gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was adopted to simultaneously monitor the target components. The developed method was fully validated in terms of linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9860), precision (RSD ≤ 6.58%), repeatability (RSD ≤ 6.60%), stability (RSD ≤ 6.17%), recovery (95.56-108.06%, RSD ≤ 4.64%) and limit of detection (0.021-0.664 ng/mL) and limit of quantitation (0.069-2.210 ng/mL), and then successfully applied to evaluate the quality of 64 batches of LLB collected from 41 producing areas in four different provinces of China. The results showed that the LLB, especially collected from Inner Mongolia regions, were rich in the phenolic acids and flavonoids. Rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and chlorogenic acid are the predominant compounds contained in LLB. The above findings will provide helpful information for the effective utilization of LLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qin Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - You-Yuan Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han-Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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26
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Gong G, Zhao J, Wang C, Wei M, Dang T, Deng Y, Sun J, Song S, Huang L, Wang Z. Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of the degradation products from Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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27
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Isolation, Characterization and Antitumor Effect on DU145 Cells of a Main Polysaccharide in Pollen of Chinese Wolfberry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102430. [PMID: 30248961 PMCID: PMC6222688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern studies have shown that pollen has a certain role in the treatment of prostate-related diseases. In the present study, pollen polysaccharides from Chinese wolfberry (WPPs) were extracted by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation, further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 column. Homogeneous polysaccharide CF1 of WPPS was obtained, the molecular weight of which was estimated to be 1540.10 ± 48.78 kDa by HPGPC-ELSD. HPLC with PMP derivatization analysis indicated that the monosaccharide compositions of CF1 were mannose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and trehalose, in a molar ratio of 0.68:0.59:0.27:0.24:0.22:0.67:0.08. The antitumor effects of CF1 upon MTT, Tunel assay and flow cytometry assay were investigated in vitro. The results showed that CF1 exhibited a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect, with an IC50 value of 374.11 μg/mL against DU145 prostate cancer cells. Tunel assay and flow cytometry assay showed that the antitumor activity of CF1 was related to apoptosis in vitro. The present study suggested that the CF1 of WPPs might be a potential source of antitumor functional food or agent.
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28
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Wu DT, Guo H, Lin S, Lam SC, Zhao L, Lin DR, Qin W. Review of the structural characterization, quality evaluation, and industrial application of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Yao R, Huang C, Chen X, Yin Z, Fu Y, Li L, Feng B, Song X, He C, Yue G, Jing B, Lv C, Su G, Ye G, Zou Y. Two complement fixing pectic polysaccharides from pedicel of Lycium barbarum L. promote cellular antioxidant defense. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:356-363. [PMID: 29409772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purification, characterization and biological activities of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum pedicel were investigated in this study. Two polysaccharides, PLBP-I-I and PLBP-II-I, were obtained from water extracts by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Structural elucidation based on IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra indicated that these two fractions were typical pectic polysaccharides, with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I regions and arabinogalactan side chains, and some of the galacturonic acid units were methyl esterified. Both fractions exhibited potent complement fixating activity and pro-antioxidant defense capacity, and those two fractions showed different activities. The higher complement fixation activity was obtained in fraction PLBP-I-I, while the higher pro-antioxidant defense capacity was obtained in fraction PLBP-II-I, which may be due to the structural differences between those two fractions. Thus, the pedicel of L. barbarum could be used as a potential source for natural immunomodulator and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Chao Huang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xingfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Su
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China.
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30
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Mocan A, Zengin G, Simirgiotis M, Schafberg M, Mollica A, Vodnar DC, Crişan G, Rohn S. Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji (L. barbarum L.) leaves: phytochemical characterization, biological profile, and computational studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:153-168. [PMID: 28095717 PMCID: PMC6009880 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1243535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves are emphasized as a functional tea or as dietary supplements. The phenolic compound profile, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities of leaf extracts from two selected cultivars in comparison with wild-growing plants have been evaluated. HPLC-DAD/ESI-ToF-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids with chlorogenic acid and rutin being the dominant compounds in the cultivated plants, whereas rutin and kaempeferol-3-O-rutinoside for wild growing ones. In particular, cv. Erma contained the highest amount of chlorogenic acid and showed a strong tyrosinase-inhibitory effect. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Penicillium funiculosum were the most sensitive strains when exposed to extracts from cultivated plants. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Ames' test. The tested extracts provided high protection against mutagenicity induced by 2-anthramine (2-AA) to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 (max. inhibition (%) 88% and 74.2%, respectively). Overall, Goji leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds with functional properties that need further risk/benefit evaluation when used in foods or health-promoting formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Mocan
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mario Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Michaela Schafberg
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d’Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dan C. Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crişan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
The Lycium genus is widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine and functional food. Many of the chemical constituents of the genus Lycium were reported previously. In this review, in addition to the polysaccharides, we have enumerated 355 chemical constituents and nutrients, including 22 glycerogalactolipids, 29 phenylpropanoids, 10 coumarins, 13 lignans, 32 flavonoids, 37 amides, 72 alkaloids, four anthraquinones, 32 organic acids, 39 terpenoids, 57 sterols, steroids, and their derivatives, five peptides and three other constituents. This comprehensive study could lay the foundation for further research on the Lycium genus.
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32
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Lam SC, Luo Z, Wu DT, Cheong KL, Hu DJ, Xia ZM, Zhao J, Li SP. Comparison and Characterization of Compounds with Antioxidant Activity in Lycium barbarum
Using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Coupled with DPPH Bioautography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Food Sci 2016; 81:C1378-84. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Chung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Inst. of Chinese Medical Sciences, Univ. of Macau; Macao China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd; Guangzhou China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Inst. of Chinese Medical Sciences, Univ. of Macau; Macao China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Inst. of Chinese Medical Sciences, Univ. of Macau; Macao China
| | - De-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Inst. of Chinese Medical Sciences, Univ. of Macau; Macao China
| | - Zu-Meng Xia
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Inst. of Chinese Medical Sciences, Univ. of Macau; Macao China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Inst. of Chinese Medical Sciences, Univ. of Macau; Macao China
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