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Menon A, Pandurangan Maragatham V, Samuel M, Arunraj R. Properties and applications of α-galactosidase in agricultural waste processing and secondary agricultural process industries. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:21-31. [PMID: 37555350 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture products form the foundation building blocks of our daily lives. Although they have been claimed to be renewable resources with a low carbon footprint, the agricultural community is constantly challenged to overcome two post-harvest bottlenecks: first, farm bio-waste, a substantial economic and environmental burden to the farming sector, and second, an inefficient agricultural processing sector, plagued by the need for significant energy input to generate the products. Both these sectors require extensive processing technologies that are demanding in their energy requirements and expensive. To address these issues, an enzyme(s)-based green chemistry is available to break down complex structures into bio-degradable compounds that source alternate energy with valuable by-products and co-products. α-Galactosidase is a widespread class of glycoside hydroxylases that hydrolyzes α-galactosyl moieties in simple and complex oligo and polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. As a result of its growing importance, in this review we discuss the source of the enzyme, production and purification systems, and enzyme properties. We also elaborate on the enzyme's potential in agricultural bio-waste management, secondary agricultural industries like sugar refining, soymilk derivatives, food and confectionery, and animal feed processing. Insight into this vital enzyme will provide new avenues for less expensive green chemistry-based secondary agricultural processing and agricultural sustainability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Menon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Vetriselvi Pandurangan Maragatham
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Marcus Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rex Arunraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, College of Engineering and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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2
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Bangoria P, Patel A, Shah AR. Characterization of a fungal α-galactosidase and its synergistic effect with β-mannanase for hydrolysis of galactomannan. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108893. [PMID: 37429228 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
An acid stable α-galactosidase was produced and purified from mannolytic fungal strain, Penicillium aculeatum APS1. Enzyme was produced using wheat bran and copra cake moistened with corn steep liquor by solid state fermentation. APS1αgal having molecular weight of 65.4 kDa was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by three phase partitioning and gel permeation chromatography with high enzyme recovery. APS1αgal was found to be maximally active at 55 °C and pH 4.5, having high stability at acidic pH. Thermal stability and thermal inactivation kinetics of APS1αgal were also studied. APS1αgal was found to effectively hydrolyse oligosaccharides as well as polysaccharides having α-1,6 linked galactose. Abolishment of enzyme activity in N-brommosuccinimide revealed an important role of tryptophan residue in catalysis. APS1αgal had shown outstanding tolerance to NaCl and proteases. MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis indicated that enzyme is probably a member of family GH27. Synergistic interaction between APS1αgal and β-mannanase for hydrolysis of galactomannan was very clear and maximum 2.0° of synergy was found under simultaneous mode of action. This study reports a new source of α-galactosidase with biochemical properties suitable for applications in food and feed industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi Bangoria
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388315, Gujarat, India.
| | - Amisha Patel
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388315, Gujarat, India.
| | - Amita R Shah
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidhyanagar, 388315, Gujarat, India.
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3
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Anisha GS. Biopharmaceutical applications of α-galactosidases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:257-267. [PMID: 35436353 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases are exoglycosidases that are active on galactose-containing side chains in oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. α-Galactosidases are gaining increased interest in human medicine, especially in the enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry's disease. α-Galactosidases with regioselectivity toward α-1,3-linked galactose find application in xenotransplantation and blood group transformation. The use of α-galactosidases as a therapeutic agent in alleviating the postprandial symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is much acclaimed. The excellent therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases have led to an upwelling of worldwide research interventions to identify novel α-galactosidases with improved catalytic efficiency. In addition to these therapeutic applications, α-galactosidases also have interesting applications in the industrial sectors like food, feed, probiotics, sugar, and paper pulp. The current review focuses on the diverse therapeutic applications of α-galactosidases and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Anisha GS. Microbial α-galactosidases: Efficient biocatalysts for bioprocess technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126293. [PMID: 34752888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Galactomannans, abundantly present in plant biomass, can be used as renewable fermentation feedstock for biorefineries working for the production of bioethanol and other value-added products. The complete and efficient bioconversion of biomass to fermentable sugars for the generation of biofuels and other value-added products require the concerted action of accessory enzymes like α-galactosidases, which can work in cohesion with other carbohydrases in an enzyme cocktail. In the paper industry, α-galactosidases enhance the bleaching effect of endo-β-1,4-mannanases on softwood kraft pulp. Microbial α-galactosidases also find applications in the treatment of legume foods, recovery of sucrose from sugar beet syrup, improving the rheological properties of galactomannans, and synthesis of α-galactooligosaccharides to be used as functional food ingredients. Owing to their industrial applications, there is a surge in the research focused on α-galactosidases. The current review illustrates the diverse industrial applications of microbial α-galactosidases and their challenges and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Sathyanesan Anisha
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Kim IS, Hwang CW, Yang WS, Kim CH. Multiple Antioxidative and Bioactive Molecules of Oats ( Avena sativa L.) in Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091454. [PMID: 34573086 PMCID: PMC8471765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oats (Avena sativa L.) are rich in protein, fiber, calcium, vitamins (B, C, E, and K), amino acids, and antioxidants (beta-carotene, polyphenols, chlorophyll, and flavonoids). β-glucan and avenanthramides improve the immune system, eliminate harmful substances from the body, reduce blood cholesterol, and help with dietary weight loss by enhancing the lipid profile and breaking down fat in the body. β-glucan regulates insulin secretion, preventing diabetes. Progladins also lower cholesterol levels, suppress the accumulation of triglycerides, reduce blood sugar levels, suppress inflammation, and improve skin health. Saponin-based avanacosidase and functional substances of flavone glycoside improve the immune function, control inflammation, and prevent infiltration in the skin. Moreover, lignin and phytoestrogen prevent hormone-related cancer and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women. Sprouted oats are rich in saponarin in detoxifying the liver. The literatures have been reviewed and the recent concepts and prospects have been summarized with figures and tables. This review discusses recent trends in research on the functionality of oats rather than their nutritional value with individual immunity for self-medication. The oat and its acting components have been revisited for the future prospect and development of human healthy and functional sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sup Kim
- Advanced Bio-Resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Cher-Won Hwang
- Global Leadership School, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Woong-Suk Yang
- Nodaji Co., Ltd., Pohang 37927, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Cheorl-Ho Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyunggi-Do, Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (W.-S.Y.); (C.-H.K.)
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Purification, biochemical and biophysical characterization of an acidic α-galactosidase from the seeds of Annona squamosa (custard apple). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:558-571. [PMID: 33529636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alpha galactosidase is an exoglycosidase that cleaves α-D-galactose and has numerous applications in medicine, biotechnology, food and pharma industries. In this study, a low molecular weight acidic α-galactosidase was identified from the seeds of custard apple. The purification of α-galactosidase from the crude extract of defatted seeds was achieved by employing ammonium sulphate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration chromatographic techniques. The purified custard apple α-galactosidase (CaG) migrated as a single band in native PAGE corresponding to molecular weight of ~67 kDa and cleaved chromogenic, fluorogenic and natural substrates. CaG was found to be a heterodimer with subunit masses of 40 and 30 kDa. The kinetic parameters such as KM and Vmax were found to be 0.67 mM and 1.5 U/mg respectively with p-nitrophenyl α-D-galactopyranoside. Galactose, methyl α-D-galactopyranoside and D-galacturonic acid inhibited CaG activity in mixed mode. The CD spectral analysis at far UV region showed that purified CaG exists predominantly as helix (35%), beta sheets (16.3%) and random coils (32.3%) in its secondary structure. These biochemical and biophysical properties of CaG provide leads to understand its primary sequence and glycan structures which will eventually define its novel physiological roles in plants and potential industrial applications.
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Niu C, Wan X. Engineering a Trypsin-Resistant Thermophilic α-Galactosidase to Enhance Pepsin Resistance, Acidic Tolerance, Catalytic Performance, and Potential in the Food and Feed Industry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10560-10573. [PMID: 32829638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase has potential applications, and attempts to improve proteolytic resistance of enzymes have important values. We use a novel strategy for genetic manipulation of a pepsin-sensitive region specific for a pepsin-sensitive but trypsin-resistant high-temperature-active Gal27B from Neosartorya fischeri to screen mutants with enhanced pepsin resistance. All enzymes were produced in Pichia pastoris to identify the roles of loop 4 (Gal27B-A23) and its key residue at position 156 (Gly156Arg/Pro/His) in pepsin resistance. Gal27B-A23 and Gly156Arg/Pro/His elevated pepsin resistance, thermostability, stability at low pH, activity toward raffinose (5.3-6.9-fold) and stachyose (about 1.3-fold), and catalytic efficiencies (up to 4.9-fold). Replacing the pepsin cleavage site Glu155 with Gly improved pepsin resistance but had no effect on pepsin resistance when Arg/Pro/His was at position 156. Thus, pepsin resistance could appear to occur through steric hindrance between the residue at the altered site and neighboring pepsin active site. In the presence of pepsin or trypsin, all mutations increased the ability of Gal27B to hydrolyze galactosaccharides in soybean flour (up to 9.6- and 4.3-fold, respectively) and promoted apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility in soybean meal for broilers (1.3-1.8-fold). The high activity and tolerance to heat, low pH, and protease benefit food and feed industry in a cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfang Niu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China
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Biochemical characterization of a novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase from Paecilomyces thermophila suitable for raffinose family oligosaccharides degradation. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Geng X, Yang D, Zhang Q, Chang M, Xu L, Cheng Y, Wang H, Meng J. Good hydrolysis activity on raffinose family oligosaccharides by a novel α-galactosidase from Tremella aurantialba. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1249-1257. [PMID: 31739012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An α-galactosidase designated as TAG was purified from the dried fruit bodies of Tremella aurantialba with 182.5-fold purification. The purification procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose, DEAE-Cellulose, and Mono Q and gel filtration by FPLC on Superdex 75. The purified α-galactosidase was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 88 kDa. The optimal pH of TAG was 5.0 and more than 60% of the original enzyme activity remained at pH 2.0 and 3.0. Its optimal temperature was 54 °C with good thermo-stability, 30.8% of the original activity was retained after exposure to a temperature of 70 °C for 1 h. The metal ions Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+ strongly inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was found to be inhibited by N-bromosuccinimide indicating that tryptophan was essential to the catalytic activity of α-galactosidase. The enzyme completely hydrolysed stachyose and partially hydrolysed raffinose to galactose at 50 °C within 6 h as detected by thin layer chromatography and the dinitrosalicylic acid method and the content of reducing sugar reached 4.36 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiaoyi Zhang
- Orient Science & Technology College of Hunan Agricultural University, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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A thermophilic fungal GH36 α-galactosidase from Lichtheimia ramosa and its synergistic hydrolysis of locust bean gum. Carbohydr Res 2020; 491:107911. [PMID: 32217360 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel GH36 α-galactosidase gene (LrAgal36A) from Lichtheimia ramosa was synthesized and highly expressed in Pichia pastoris. The enzyme titer and protein yield for high-density fermentation in a 5 L fermentor were up to 953.6 U mL-1 and 4.36 g L-1. Purified recombinant LrAgal36A showed the maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 65 °C and was thermostable with a half-life of 70 min at 60 °C. LrAgal36A displayed the highest specific activity (353.17 ± 4.19 U mg-1) toward p-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside (pNPGal) followed by galacto-oligosaccharides and could act slightly on galactomannans. The Km and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of LrAgal36A for pNPGal were 0.33 mM and 1569.50 mM-1 s-1, respectively. LrAgal36A and GH5 β-mannanase from L. ramosa showed a significant synergistic effect on the degradation of locust bean gum (LBG), resulting in release more reducing sugars (1.56 folds) and galactose (7.6 folds) by simultaneous or sequential reactions. Due to its hydrolysis properties, LrAgal36A might have potential applications in the area of pulp biobleaching, feed and food processing.
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Production of isofloridoside from galactose and glycerol using α-galactosidase from Alicyclobacillus hesperidum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 134:109480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liu Q, Du F, Kong W, Wang H, Ng TB. Fermentation Production, Purification and Characterization of a Fungal α-galactosidase from Trametes versicolor and Its Synergistic Degradation of Guar Gum with Mannanase. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Fang Du
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Weili Kong
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories
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Bhatia S, Singh A, Batra N, Singh J. Microbial production and biotechnological applications of α-galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1294-1313. [PMID: 31747573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase, (E.C. 3.2.1.22) is an exoglycosidase that target galactooligosaccharides such as raffinose, melibiose, stachyose and branched polysaccharides like galactomannans and galacto-glucomannans by catalysing the hydrolysis of α-1,6 linked terminal galactose residues. The enzyme has been isolated and characterized from microbial, plant and animal sources. This ubiquitous enzyme possesses physiological significance and immense industrial potential. Optimization of the growth conditions and efficient purification strategies can lead to a significant increase in the enzyme production. To boost commercial productivity, cloning of novel α-galactosidase genes and their heterologous expression in suitable host has gained popularity. Enzyme immobilization leads to its greater reutilization, superior thermostability, pH tolerance and increased activity. The enzyme is well explored in food industry in the removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soymilk and sugar crystallization process. It also improves animal feed quality and biomass processing. Applications of the enzyme is in the area of biomedicine includes therapeutic advances in treatment of Fabry disease, blood group conversion and removal of α-gal type immunogenic epitopes in xenotransplantation. With considerable biotechnological applications, this enzyme has been vastly commercialized and holds greater future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhinashi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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An JL, Zhang WX, Wu WP, Chen GJ, Liu WF. Characterization of a highly stable α-galactosidase from thermophilic Rasamsonia emersonii heterologously expressed in a modified Pichia pastoris expression system. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:180. [PMID: 31647018 PMCID: PMC6813122 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structurally stable α-galactosidases are of great interest for various biotechnological applications. More thermophilic α-galactosidases with high activity and structural stability have therefore to be mined and characterized. On the other hand, few studies have been performed to prominently enhance the AOX1 promoter activity in the commonly used Pichia pastoris system, in which production of some heterologous proteins are insufficient for further study. Results ReGal2 encoding a thermoactive α-galactosidase was identified from the thermophilic (hemi)cellulolytic fungus Rasamsonia emersonii. Significantly increased production of ReGal2 was achieved when ReGal2 was expressed in an engineered Pastoris pichia expression system with a modified AOX1 promoter and simultaneous fortified expression of Mxr1 that is involved in transcriptionally activating AOX1. Purified ReGal2 exists as an oligomer and has remarkable thermo-activity and thermo-tolerance, exhibiting maximum activity of 935 U/mg towards pNPGal at 80 °C and retaining full activity after incubation at 70 °C for 60 h. ReGal2 is insensitive to treatments by many metal ions and exhibits superior tolerance to protein denaturants. Moreover, ReGal2 efficiently hydrolyzed stachyose and raffinose in soybeans at 70 °C in 3 h and 24 h, respectively. Conclusion A modified P. pichia expression system with significantly enhanced AOX1 promoter activity has been established, in which ReGal2 production is markedly elevated to facilitate downstream purification and characterization. Purified ReGal2 exhibited prominent features in thermostability, catalytic activity, and resistance to protein denaturants. ReGal2 thus holds great potential in relevant biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lu An
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
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15
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Álvarez-Cao ME, Cerdán ME, González-Siso MI, Becerra M. Optimization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-galactosidase production and application in the degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:172. [PMID: 31601209 PMCID: PMC6786279 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Galactosidases are enzymes that act on galactosides present in many vegetables, mainly legumes and cereals, have growing importance with respect to our diet. For this reason, the use of their catalytic activity is of great interest in numerous biotechnological applications, especially those in the food industry directed to the degradation of oligosaccharides derived from raffinose. The aim of this work has been to optimize the recombinant production and further characterization of α-galactosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RESULTS The MEL1 gene coding for the α-galactosidase of S. cerevisiae (ScAGal) was cloned and expressed in the S. cerevisiae strain BJ3505. Different constructions were designed to obtain the degree of purification necessary for enzymatic characterization and to improve the productive process of the enzyme. ScAGal has greater specificity for the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside than for natural substrates, followed by the natural glycosides, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose; it only acts on locust bean gum after prior treatment with β-mannosidase. Furthermore, this enzyme strongly resists proteases, and shows remarkable activation in their presence. Hydrolysis of galactose bonds linked to terminal non-reducing mannose residues of synthetic galactomannan-oligosaccharides confirms that ScAGal belongs to the first group of α-galactosidases, according to substrate specificity. Optimization of culture conditions by the statistical model of Response Surface helped to improve the productivity by up to tenfold when the concentration of the carbon source and the aeration of the culture medium was increased, and up to 20 times to extend the cultivation time to 216 h. CONCLUSIONS ScAGal characteristics and improvement in productivity that have been achieved contribute in making ScAGal a good candidate for application in the elimination of raffinose family oligosaccharides found in many products of the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Efigenia Álvarez-Cao
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Esperanza Cerdán
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Becerra
- Departamento de Bioloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña. Grupo EXPRELA, A Coruña, Spain
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Characterization of a high performance α-galactosidase from Irpex lacteus and its usage in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides from soymilk. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1138-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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A protease-resistant α-galactosidase characterized by relatively acid pH tolerance from the Shitake Mushroom Lentinula edodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:324-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Ye F, Geng XR, Xu LJ, Chang MC, Feng CP, Meng JL. Purification and characterization of a novel protease-resistant GH27 α-galactosidase from Hericium erinaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:2165-2174. [PMID: 30195005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel 57-kDa acidic α-galactosidase designated as HEG has been purified from the dry fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. The isolation protocol involved ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration on a Superdex75 column. The purification fold and specific activity were 1251 and 46 units/mg, respectively. A BLAST search of internal peptide sequences obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis suggested that the enzyme belonged to the GH27 family. The activity of the enzyme reached its maximum at a pH of 6.0 or at 60 °C. The enzyme was stable within an acidic pH range of 2.2-7.0 and in a narrow temperature range. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Fe3+, Ag+ ions and SDS. The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested that the mode of inhibition by galactose and melibiose were of a mixed type. N-bromosuccinimide drastically decreased the activity of the enzyme, whereas diethylpyrocarbonate and carbodiimide strengthened the activity slightly. Moreover, the isolated enzyme displayed remarkable resistance to acid proteases, neutral proteases and pepsin. The enzyme could also hydrolyse oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. In addition, acidic protease promoted the hydrolysis of RFOs by HEG. The Km values of the enzyme towards pNPGal, raffinose and stachyose were 0.36 mM, 40.07 mM and 54.71 mM, respectively. These favourable properties increase the potential of the enzyme in the food industry and animal feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xue-Ran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Li-Jing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Ming-Chang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Cui-Ping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jun-Long Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advancing Quality and Efficiency of Loess Plateau Edible Fungi, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Geng X, Fan J, Xu L, Wang H, Ng TB. Hydrolysis of oligosaccharides by a fungal α-galactosidase from fruiting bodies of a wild mushroom Leucopaxillus tricolor. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:1043-1052. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Jing Fan
- Hebei Foreing Studies University; Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- Faculty of Medicine; School of Biomedical Sciences; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
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Liu Y, Yang S, Yan Q, Liu J, Jiang Z. High-level expression of a novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase from Thielavia terrestris. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhao R, Zhao R, Tu Y, Zhang X, Deng L, Chen X. A novel α-galactosidase from the thermophilic probiotic Bacillus coagulans with remarkable protease-resistance and high hydrolytic activity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197067. [PMID: 29738566 PMCID: PMC5940202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel α-galactosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 36 was cloned from Bacillus coagulans, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and characterized. The purified enzyme Aga-BC7050 was 85 kDa according to SDS-PAGE and 168 kDa according to gel filtration, indicating that its native structure is a dimer. With p-nitrophenyl-α-d- galactopyranoside (pNPGal) as the substrate, optimal temperature and pH were 55 °C and 6.0, respectively. At 60 °C for 30 min, it retained > 50% of its activity. It was stable at pH 5.0–10.0, and showed remarkable resistance to proteinase K, subtilisin A, α-chymotrypsin, and trypsin. Its activity was not inhibited by glucose, sucrose, xylose, or fructose, but was slightly inhibited at galactose concentrations up to 100 mM. Aga-BC7050 was highly active toward pNPGal, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. It completely hydrolyzed melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose in < 30 min. These characteristics suggest that Aga-BC7050 could be used in feed and food industries and sugar processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yishuai Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Isolation of a protease-resistant and pH-stable α-galactosidase displaying hydrolytic efficacy toward raffinose family oligosaccharides from the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yuan X, Zhu M, Tian G, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Ng TB, Wang H. Biochemical characteristics of a novel protease from the basidiomycete Amanita virgineoides. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:532-540. [PMID: 27302036 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of a novel protease from Amanita virgineoides is described. The A. virgineoides protease was purified to homogeneity using Q-Sepharose, carboxymethyl-cellulose, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and a gel filtration step on Superdex 75. The molecular mass of the purified protease was estimated to be 16.6 kDa. The protease was purified 32.1-fold, and its specific activity was 301.4 U/mg. The optimum pH was 4.0, and the optimum temperature was 50 °C. Kinetic constants (Km , Vmax ) were determined under the optimum reaction conditions, with Km and Vmax , being 3.74 mg/mL and 9.98 μg mL-1 Min-1 , respectively. The activity of the protease was curtailed by Cu2+ , Pb2+ , Fe3+ , Cd2+ , and Hg2+ ions but enhanced by Mg2+ , Ca2+ , and K+ ions at low concentrations. The protease activity was adversely affected by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, suggesting that it is a metalloprotease. Four peptide sequences were obtained from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including KQALSGIR, TIAMDGTEGLVR, VALTGLTVAEYFR, and AGAGSATLSMAYAGAR, which showed 86%, 64%, 60%, and 75% identity with peptides of Hypsizygus marmoreus, Dacryopinax sp. DJM-731 SS1, Trametes versicolor FP-101664 SS1, and Paxillus involutus ATCC 200175, respectively. The newly isolated protease showed good hydrolytic activity and biochemical characteristics, which expanded the knowledge of biologically active proteins and provided further insight on this poisonous fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjuan Zhu
- Department of Fungal Resource, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoting Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Gajdhane SB, Bhagwat PK, Dandge PB. Statistical media optimization for enhanced production of α-galactosidase by a novel Rhizopus oryzae strain SUK. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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