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Zheng J, You J, Zhang D, Zhang X, Chen F, Yang T, Xu M, Hu Y, Rao Z. Pre-optimization and one-step preparation of cascade enzymes system with broad substrates by model guidance: Application of chiral L-norvaline and L-phenylglycine biosynthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130125. [PMID: 38040317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cascade biocatalyst systems with catalytic promiscuity can be used for synthesis of a class of chiral chemicals but the optimization of these systems by model guidance is poorly explored. In this study, a cascade system with broad substrate spectrum was characterized and simulated by kinetic model with substrates of DL-Norvaline (DL-Nor) and DL-Phenylglycine (DL-Phg) as examples. To evaluate the optimal cascade system, maximum accumulation of intermediate products and conversion rate in the process were investigated by simultaneous solution of the rate equations for varying enzyme quantities. According to the simulation results, the cascade system was optimized by regulating the expression of D-amino acid oxidase and formate dehydrogenase and was prepared by one-step. The conversion efficiency of DL-Nor and DL-Phg have been significantly improved compared with that of before optimization. Moreover, the total of L-Nor and L-Phg were reached 498.2 mM and 79.5 mM through a gradient fed-batch conversion strategy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Yuanqing Hu
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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Sharma VK, Hutchison JM, Allgeier AM. Redox Biocatalysis: Quantitative Comparisons of Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration Methods. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200888. [PMID: 36129761 PMCID: PMC10029092 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic processes, particularly those capable of performing redox reactions, have recently been of growing research interest. Substrate specificity, optimal activity at mild temperatures, high selectivity, and yield are among the desirable characteristics of these oxidoreductase catalyzed reactions. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) or NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases have been extensively studied for their potential applications like biosynthesis of chiral organic compounds, construction of biosensors, and pollutant degradation. One of the main challenges associated with making these processes commercially viable is the regeneration of the expensive cofactors required by the enzymes. Numerous efforts have pursued enzymatic regeneration of NAD(P)H by coupling a substrate reduction with a complementary enzyme catalyzed oxidation of a co-substrate. While offering excellent selectivity and high total turnover numbers, such processes involve complicated downstream product separation of a primary product from the coproducts and impurities. Alternative methods comprising chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical regeneration have been developed with the goal of enhanced efficiency and operational simplicity compared to enzymatic regeneration. Despite the goal, however, the literature rarely offers a meaningful comparison of the total turnover numbers for various regeneration methodologies. This comprehensive Review systematically discusses various methods of NAD(P)H cofactor regeneration and quantitatively compares performance across the numerous methods. Further, fundamental barriers to enhanced cofactor regeneration in the various methods are identified, and future opportunities are highlighted for improving the efficiency and sustainability of commercially viable oxidoreductase processes for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Sharma
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Justin M Hutchison
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - Alan M Allgeier
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15th St, 66045, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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Wang Z, Zhou H, Yu H, Pu Z, Xu J, Zhang H, Wu J, Yang L. Computational Redesign of the Substrate Binding Pocket of Glutamate Dehydrogenase for Efficient Synthesis of Noncanonical l-Amino Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, NO.38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Haisheng Zhou
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, NO.733 Jianshe 3rd Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, NO.38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, NO.733 Jianshe 3rd Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
| | - Zhongji Pu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, NO.733 Jianshe 3rd Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, NO.38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, NO.38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, NO.38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, NO.733 Jianshe 3rd Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, NO.38 Zhe-da Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, NO.733 Jianshe 3rd Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China
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Martínez-Rodríguez S, Torres JM, Sánchez P, Ortega E. Overview on Multienzymatic Cascades for the Production of Non-canonical α-Amino Acids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:887. [PMID: 32850740 PMCID: PMC7431475 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22 genetically encoded amino acids (AAs) present in proteins (the 20 standard AAs together with selenocysteine and pyrrolysine), are commonly referred as proteinogenic AAs in the literature due to their appearance in ribosome-synthetized polypeptides. Beyond the borders of this key set of compounds, the rest of AAs are generally named imprecisely as non-proteinogenic AAs, even when they can also appear in polypeptide chains as a result of post-transductional machinery. Besides their importance as metabolites in life, many of D-α- and L-α-"non-canonical" amino acids (NcAAs) are of interest in the biotechnological and biomedical fields. They have found numerous applications in the discovery of new medicines and antibiotics, drug synthesis, cosmetic, and nutritional compounds, or in the improvement of protein and peptide pharmaceuticals. In addition to the numerous studies dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of NcAAs, many different enzymatic pathways have been reported in the literature allowing for the biosynthesis of NcAAs. Due to the huge heterogeneity of this group of molecules, this review is devoted to provide an overview on different established multienzymatic cascades for the production of non-canonical D-α- and L-α-AAs, supplying neophyte and experienced professionals in this field with different illustrative examples in the literature. Whereas the discovery of new or newly designed enzymes is of great interest, dusting off previous enzymatic methodologies by a "back and to the future" strategy might accelerate the implementation of new or improved multienzymatic cascades.
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Chen H, Prater MB, Cai R, Dong F, Chen H, Minteer SD. Bioelectrocatalytic Conversion from N2 to Chiral Amino Acids in a H2/α-Keto Acid Enzymatic Fuel Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4028-4036. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B. Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hsiaonung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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A Novel 3-Phytosterone-9α-Hydroxylase Oxygenation Component and Its Application in Bioconversion of 4-Androstene-3,17-Dione to 9α-Hydroxy-4-Androstene-3,17-Dione Coupling with A NADH Regeneration Formate Dehydrogenase. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142534. [PMID: 31336696 PMCID: PMC6680482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
9α-Hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9-OH-AD) is one of the significant intermediates for the preparation of β-methasone, dexamethasone, and other steroids. In general, the key enzyme that enables the biotransformation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) to 9-OH-AD is 3-phytosterone-9α-hydroxylase (KSH), which consists of two components: a terminal oxygenase (KshA) and ferredoxin reductase (KshB). The reaction is carried out with the concomitant oxidation of NADH to NAD+. In this study, the more efficient 3-phytosterone-9α-hydroxylase oxygenase (KshC) from the Mycobacterium sp. strain VKM Ac-1817D was confirmed and compared with reported KshA. To evaluate the function of KshC on the bioconversion of AD to 9-OH-AD, the characterization of KshC and the compounded system of KshB, KshC, and NADH was constructed. The optimum ratio of KSH oxygenase to reductase content was 1.5:1. An NADH regeneration system was designed by introducing a formate dehydrogenase, further confirming that a more economical process for biological transformation from AD to 9-OH-AD was established. A total of 7.78 g of 9-OH-AD per liter was achieved through a fed-batch process with a 92.11% conversion rate (mol/mol). This enzyme-mediated hydroxylation method provides an environmentally friendly and economical strategy for the production of 9-OH-AD.
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Efficient biosynthesis of l-phenylglycine by an engineered Escherichia coli with a tunable multi-enzyme-coordinate expression system. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2129-2141. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Xue YP, Cao CH, Zheng YG. Enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1516-1561. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the progress achieved in the enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids from prochiral substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Cheng-Hao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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Velasco-Lozano S, da Silva ES, Llop J, López-Gallego F. Sustainable and Continuous Synthesis of Enantiopure l-Amino Acids by Using a Versatile Immobilised Multienzyme System. Chembiochem 2017; 19:395-403. [PMID: 28990733 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic synthesis of α-amino acids is a sustainable and efficient alternative to chemical processes, through which achieving enantiopure products is difficult. To more address this synthesis efficiently, a hierarchical architecture that irreversibly co-immobilises an amino acid dehydrogenase with polyethyleneimine on porous agarose beads has been designed and fabricated. The cationic polymer acts as an irreversible anchoring layer for the formate dehydrogenase. In this architecture, the two enzymes and polymer colocalise across the whole microstructure of the porous carrier. This multifunctional heterogeneous biocatalyst was kinetically characterised and applied to the enantioselective synthesis of a variety of canonical and noncanonical α-amino acids in both discontinuous (batch) and continuous modes. The co-immobilised bienzymatic system conserves more than 50 % of its initial effectiveness after five batch cycles and 8 days of continuous operation. Additionally, the environmental impact of this process has been semiquantitatively calculated and compared with the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia, Spain
| | - Eunice S da Silva
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz Haroko Kalea 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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