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Diversifying Arena of Drug Synthesis: In the Realm of Lipase Mediated Waves of Biocatalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolases, being most prominent enzymes used in industrial processes have left no stone unturned in fascinating the pharmaceutical industry. Lipases, being a part of acyl hydrolases are the ones that function similarly to esterases (except an interfacial action) wherein they generally catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds. Be it in terms of stereoselectivity or regioselectivity, lipases have manifested their promiscuous proficiency in rendering biocatalytic drug synthesis and intermediates thereof. Industrial utilization of lipases is prevalent since decades ago, but their distinctive catalytic competencies have rendered them suitable for maneuverability in various tides of biocatalytic industrial process development. Numbers of exquisite catalysts have been fabricated out of lipases using nanobiotechnology whereby enzyme reusability and robustness have been conferred to many of the organic synthesis procedures. This marks a considerable achievement of lipases in the second wave of biocatalysis. Furthermore, in the third wave an advent of genetic engineering has fostered an era of customized lipases for suitable needs. Be it stability or an enhanced efficacy, genetic engineering techniques have ushered an avenue for biocatalytic development of drugs and drug intermediates through greener processes using lipases. Even in the forthcoming concept of co-modular catalytic systems, lipases may be the frontiers because of their astonishing capability to act along with other enzymes. The concept may render feasibility in the development of cascade reactions in organic synthesis. An upcoming wave demands fulfilling the vision of tailored lipase whilst a far-flung exploration needs to be unveiled for various research impediments in rendering lipase as a custom fit biocatalyst in pharmaceutical industry.
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Developing a Library of Mannose-Based Mono- and Disaccharides: A General Chemoenzymatic Approach to Monohydroxylated Building Blocks. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235764. [PMID: 33297422 PMCID: PMC7730743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regioselective deprotection of acetylated mannose-based mono- and disaccharides differently functionalized in anomeric position was achieved by enzymatic hydrolysis. Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) and Bacillus pumilus acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) were immobilized on octyl-Sepharose and glyoxyl-agarose, respectively. The regioselectivity of the biocatalysts was affected by the sugar structure and functionalization in anomeric position. Generally, CRL was able to catalyze regioselective deprotection of acetylated monosaccharides in C6 position. When acetylated disaccharides were used as substrates, AXE exhibited a marked preference for the C2, or C6 position when C2 was involved in the glycosidic bond. By selecting the best enzyme for each substrate in terms of activity and regioselectivity, we prepared a small library of differently monohydroxylated building blocks that could be used as intermediates for the synthesis of mannosylated glycoconjugate vaccines targeting mannose receptors of antigen presenting cells.
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Li Z, Bavaro T, Tengattini S, Bernardini R, Mattei M, Annunziata F, Cole RB, Zheng C, Sollogoub M, Tamborini L, Terreni M, Zhang Y. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of arabinomannan (AM) glycoconjugates as potential vaccines for tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112578. [PMID: 32717482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria infection resulting in tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten leading causes of death worldwide in 2018, and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has been confirmed to be the most important antigenic polysaccharide on the TB cell surface. In this study, a convenient synthetic method has been developed for synthesizing three branched oligosaccharides derived from LAM, in which a core building block was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis in flow chemistry with excellent yield. After several steps of glycosylations, the obtained oligosaccharides were conjugated with recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) and the ex-vivo ELISA tests were performed using serum obtained from several TB-infected patients, in order to evaluate the affinity of the glycoconjugate products for the human LAM-antibodies. The evaluation results are positive, especially compound 21 that exhibited excellent activity which could be considered as a lead compound for the future development of a new glycoconjugated vaccine against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Tengattini
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Italy Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale - STA, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Italy Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale - STA, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard B Cole
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Changping Zheng
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France; Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
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