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Song JH, Kim MS, Lee SH, Hwang JT, Park SH, Park SW, Jeon SB, Lee RR, Lee J, Choi HK. Hydroethanolic extract of Cirsium setidens ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by AMPK-PGC-1α-SOD-mediated mitochondrial protection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155633. [PMID: 38640859 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer agent. However, the clinical outcomes of DOX-based therapies are severely hampered by their significant cardiotoxicity. PURPOSE We investigated the beneficial effects of an ethanol extract of Cirsium setidens (CSE) on DOX-induced cardiomyotoxicity (DICT). METHODS UPLC-TQ/MS analysis was used to identify CSE metabolite profiles. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were used to evaluate the effects of CSE on DICT-induced cell death. To elucidate the mechanism underlying it, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator l-alpha (PGC1-α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), NRF2, superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and SOD2 expression was detected using western blot analysis. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR), cellular ROS, and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. Finally, we confirmed the cardioprotective effect of CSE against DICT in both C57BL/6 mice and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCCMs) by observing various parameters, such as electrophysiological changes, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac cell death. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid and nicotiflorin were the major compounds in CSE. Our data demonstrated that CSE blocked DOX-induced cell death of H9c2 cells without hindrance of its apoptotic effects on MDA-MB-231 cells. DOX-induced defects of OCR and mitochondrial membrane potential were recovered in a CSE through upregulation of the AMPK-PGC1-α-NRF1 signaling pathway. CSE accelerated NRF1 translocation to the nucleus, increased SOD activity, and consequently blocked apoptosis in H9c2 cells. In mice treated with 400 mg/kg CSE for 4 weeks, electrocardiogram data, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels in the serum, and cardiac fibrosis, were improved. Moreover, various electrophysiological features indicative of cardiac function were significantly enhanced following the CSE treatment of hiPSCCMs. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate CSE that ameliorates DICT by protecting mitochondrial dysfunction via the AMP- PGC1α-NRF1 axis, underscoring the therapeutic potential of CSE and its underlying molecular pathways, setting the stage for future investigations into its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabukdo 55365, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabukdo 55365, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institution of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabukdo 55365, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabukdo 55365, South Korea
| | - Sahng Wook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institution of Genetic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Bom Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Ru-Ri Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jangho Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabukdo 55365, South Korea.
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabukdo 55365, South Korea.
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Okomo Aloo S, Park S, Oh DH. Impacts of germination and lactic acid bacteria fermentation on anti-nutrients, bioactive compounds, and selected functional properties of industrial hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.). Food Chem 2023; 428:136722. [PMID: 37429240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of fermentation and germination on the metabolite profile and bioactive of 'Cheongsam' hempseed was investigated. The seeds were germinated for 3 days at 26 °C and fermented for 48 h at 37 °C using Pediococcus acidilactici (SRCM201591). The raw (R), fermented seed (RF), sprouts (S), and fermented sprouts (SF) extracts were assessed for anti-nutrients, metabolite profile, and selected bioactivities. Germination and fermentation significantly altered anti-nutrient levels (tannins, saponins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitors). They increased total polyphenols, flavonoid contents, and individual polyphenols and cannabinoids. SF demonstrated the highest ABTS (IC50, 291.65 µg/mL) and DPPH (IC50, 345.30 µg/mL) scavenging capacities. However, S (IC50, 73.295 µg/mL) was the most potent anti-inflammatory ingredient. SF (IC50, 74.07 µg/mL) exhibited the most potent alpha-glucosidase inhibition for enzyme inhibitions, while RF (IC50, 63.31 µg/mL) showed the best lipase inhibition potential. The findings demonstrate that germination and fermentation could improve the functional properties of hempseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Okomo Aloo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
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Ko EY, Lee JH, Sivanesan I, Choi MJ, Keum YS, Saini RK. Carotenoid and Tocopherol Profiling in 18 Korean Traditional Green Leafy Vegetables by LC-SIM-MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061312. [PMID: 36981238 PMCID: PMC10048374 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are a vital source of redox-active phytochemicals in the diet. Traditional green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are a rich source of carotenoids, dietary fiber, minerals, phenols, vitamins, and tocopherols and are commonly consumed in rural areas worldwide. In traditional Korean medicine, many GLVs are used to treat various ailments. However, data on the carotenoid and tocopherol content of many traditional GLVs consumed in the Republic of Korea are insufficient. The current work aims to compare the carotenoid and tocopherol profiles of 18 traditional GLVs by utilizing a single ion monitoring LC-MS approach to identify the potential GLVs for commercial cultivation and healthy diet formulations. Among the traditional GLVs investigated, (all-E)-lutein was the most abundant carotenoid, ranging from 44.4% in Glehnia littoralis to 52.1% in Heracleum moellendorffii. It was followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. The highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin (75.6 µg/g FW), 9-Z-neoxanthin (48.4 µg/g FW), (all-E)-luteoxanthin (10.8 µg/g FW), (all-E)-lutein (174.1 µg/g FW), total xanthophylls (310.5 µg/g FW), (all-E)-β-carotene (69.6 µg/g FW), and total carotenoids (380.1 µg/g FW) were recorded in Pimpinella brachycarpa. Surprisingly, Taraxacum mongolicum also showed the highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin, (all-E)-lutein, and total carotenoids, which were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05, Tukey HSD) with P. brachycarpa. The highest concentration of (all-E)-zeaxanthin (14.4 µg/g FW) was recorded in Solidago virga-aurea. Among the studied herbs, 13.9 (H. moellendorffii)–133.6 µg/g FW (Toona sinensis) of α-tocopherol was recorded. Overall, the results suggest that P. brachycarpa and T. mongolicum are rich sources of carotenoids. On the other hand, T. sinensis is a rich source of α-tocopherol. These GLVs can be utilized in the diet to enhance the intake of health-beneficial carotenoids and α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
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Carthamus tinctorius Suppresses LPS-Induced Anti-Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in HaCaT Cells. Sci Pharm 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm91010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. tinctorius leaves by measuring inflammatory parameters such as nitric oxide (NO) production and mRNA expression of iNOS, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HaCaT cells. Further, the effect of C. tinctorius ethanol extract on the MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway was examined in HaCaT cells. The phytochemical profile of the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius leaves was determined using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The results indicated that the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius effectively attenuated LPS-induced secretion of NO, IL-6, and IL-1β in HaCaT cells. Further, LPS-stimulated mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS were decreased by pre-treatment with C. tinctorius ethanol extract at the transcriptional level in HaCaT cells. Moreover, the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius suppressed NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced HaCaT cells. This suppression was mediated by MAPKs/NF-κB signaling, inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and p65 in HaCaT cells. However, there is no significant effect on the phosphorylation of JNK by the ethanol extract. The QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed the identification of 27 components in the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius leaves. The data demonstrate that the ethanol extract of C. tinctorius leaves protects the LPS-induced HaCaT cells by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β and suppressing the phosphorylation of the p38, p65, p-JNK via inactivation of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that C. tinctorius leaves may serve as a potential candidate to prevent inflammation-related diseases.
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Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and the Biodiscovery Potential of the Genus Cirsium. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich in phytochemicals, which have been used as a source of raw material in medicine since ancient times. Presently they are mostly used to treat Henoch–Schonlein purpura, hemoptysis, and bleeding. The manuscript covers the classification, traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, herbal formulations, and patents of Cirsium. The main goal of this review is to impart recent information to facilitate future comprehensive research and use of Cirsium for the development of therapeutics. We investigated numerous databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis imprints, and books on ethnopharmacology. The plants of the genus Cirsium of the family Asteraceae contain 350 species across the world. Phytochemical investigations showed that it contains flavonoids, phenols, polyacetylenes, and triterpenoids. The biological potential of this plant is contributed by these secondary metabolites. Cirsium plants are an excellent and harmless agent for the cure of liver diseases; therefore, they might be a good clinical option for the development of therapeutics for hepatic infections. The phytochemical studies of different Cirsium species and their renowned pharmacological activities could be exploited for pharmaceutic product development. Furthermore, studies are required on less known Cirsium species, particularly on the elucidation of the mode of action of their activities.
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Kajszczak D, Kowalska-Baron A, Sosnowska D, Podsędek A. In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Viburnum opulus Bark and Flower Extracts on Digestion of Potato Starch and Carbohydrate Hydrolases Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103118. [PMID: 35630596 PMCID: PMC9147751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the effective treatments for diabetes is to reduce and delay the absorption of glucose by inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase in the digestive tract. Currently, there is a great interest in natural inhibitors from various part of plants. In the present study, the phenolic compounds composition of V. opulus bark and flower, and their inhibitory effects on in vitro potato starch digestion as well as on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, have been studied. Bark and flower phenolic extracts reduced the amount of glucose released from potato starch during tree-stage simulated digestion, with IC50 value equal to 87.77 µg/mL and 148.87 µg/mL, respectively. Phenolic bark extract showed 34.9% and 38.4% more potent inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively, but the activity of plant extracts was lower than that of acarbose. Chlorogenic acid (27.26% of total phenolics) and (+)-catechin (30.48% of total phenolics) were the most prominent phenolics in the flower and bark extracts, respectively. Procyanidins may be responsible for the strongest V. opulus bark inhibitory activity against α-amylase, while (+)-catechin relative to α-glucosidase. This preliminary study provides the basis of further examination of the suitability of V. opulus bark compounds as components of nutraceuticals and functional foods with antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kajszczak
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Kowalska-Baron
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Dorota Sosnowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Anna Podsędek
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Łódź, Poland;
- Correspondence: (D.K.); (A.P.)
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