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Lupi E, Wexler RB, Meyers D, Zahradnik A, Jiang Y, Susarla S, Ramesh R, Martin LW, Rappe AM. Engineering Relaxor Behavior in (BaTiO 3 ) n /(SrTiO 3 ) n Superlattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302012. [PMID: 37433562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex-oxide superlattices provide a pathway to numerous emergent phenomena because of the juxtaposition of disparate properties and the strong interfacial interactions in these unit-cell-precise structures. This is particularly true in superlattices of ferroelectric and dielectric materials, wherein new forms of ferroelectricity, exotic dipolar textures, and distinctive domain structures can be produced. Here, relaxor-like behavior, typically associated with the chemical inhomogeneity and complexity of solid solutions, is observed in (BaTiO3 )n /(SrTiO3 )n (n = 4-20 unit cells) superlattices. Dielectric studies and subsequent Vogel-Fulcher analysis show significant frequency dispersion of the dielectric maximum across a range of periodicities, with enhanced dielectric constant and more robust relaxor behavior for smaller period n. Bond-valence molecular-dynamics simulations predict the relaxor-like behavior observed experimentally, and interpretations of the polar patterns via 2D discrete-wavelet transforms in shorter-period superlattices suggest that the relaxor behavior arises from shape variations of the dipolar configurations, in contrast to frozen antipolar stripe domains in longer-period superlattices (n = 16). Moreover, the size and shape of the dipolar configurations are tuned by superlattice periodicity, thus providing a definitive design strategy to use superlattice layering to create relaxor-like behavior which may expand the ability to control desired properties in these complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lupi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert B Wexler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Derek Meyers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Anton Zahradnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sandhya Susarla
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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Gogolewski D, Zmarzły P, Kozior T. Multiscale Analysis of Functional Surfaces Produced by L-PBF Additive Technology and Titanium Powder Ti6Al4V. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3167. [PMID: 37110004 PMCID: PMC10143863 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses experimental studies assessing the possibility of mapping surfaces with a characteristic distribution of irregularities. Tests involved surfaces produced using the L-PBF additive technology, using titanium-powder-based material (Ti6Al4V). An evaluation of the resulting surface texture was extended to cover the application of a modern, multiscale analysis, i.e., wavelet transformation. The conducted analysis that involved using selected mother wavelet enabled production process errors and involved determining the size of resulting surface irregularities. The tests provide guidelines and enable a better understanding of the possibility of producing fully functional elements on surfaces, where morphological surface features are distributed in a characteristic way. Conducted statistical studies showed the advantages and disadvantages of the applied solution.
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Gogolewski D. Multiscale Data Treatment in Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3168. [PMID: 37110003 PMCID: PMC10143087 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The article assesses the impact of data treatment on the possibility of assessing the morphological features of additively manufactured spherical surfaces. Tests were carried out on specimens manufactured by PBF-LB/M additive technology, using titanium-powder-based material (Ti6Al4V). The surface topography was assessed using one of the multiscale methods-wavelet transformation. The tests carried out on a wide spectrum of mother wavelet forms emphasized the occurrence of characteristic morphological features on the surface of the tested specimens. Moreover, the significance of the impact of specific metrology operations, measurement data processing and its parameters on the filtration result were noted. Comprehensive assessment of additively manufactured spherical surfaces with simultaneous analysis of the impact of measurement data processing is a novelty and fills a research gap relating to comprehensive surface diagnostics. The research contributes to the development of modern diagnostic systems allowing for a fast and comprehensive assessment of surface topography, taking into account the various stages of data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Gogolewski
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
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Gogolewski D, Zmarzły P, Kozior T, Mathia TG. Possibilities of a Hybrid Method for a Time-Scale-Frequency Analysis in the Aspect of Identifying Surface Topography Irregularities. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16031228. [PMID: 36770235 PMCID: PMC9921554 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The article presents research results related to assessing the possibilities of applying modern filtration methods to diagnosing measurement signals. The Fourier transformation does not always provide full information about the signal. It is, therefore, appropriate to complement the methodology with a modern multiscale method: the wavelet transformation. A hybrid combination of two algorithms results in revealing additional signal components, which are invisible in the spectrum in the case of using only the harmonic analysis. The tests performed using both simulated signals and the measured roundness profiles of rollers in rolling bearings proved the advantages of using a complex approach. A combination of the Fourier and wavelet transformations resulted in the possibility to identify the components of the signal, which directly translates into better diagnostics. The tests fill a research gap in terms of complex diagnostics and assessment of profiles, which is very important from the standpoint of the precision industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Gogolewski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Metrology, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Zmarzły
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Metrology, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozior
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Metrology, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Thomas G. Mathia
- Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systemes (LTDS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69134 Lyon, France
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Zagórski I, Szczepaniak A, Kulisz M, Korpysa J. Influence of the Tool Cutting Edge Helix Angle on the Surface Roughness after Finish Milling of Magnesium Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:3184. [PMID: 35591519 PMCID: PMC9100010 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows the surface quality results after finishing milling of AZ91D and AZ31 magnesium alloys. The study was performed for variable technological parameters: cutting speed, feed per tooth, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut. The tools used in the study were two carbide cutters with a different tool cutting edge helix angle. The measurement of the research results presented the surface roughness parameters was made on the lateral faces and the end faces of the specimens. Statistical analysis and simulations using artificial neural networks were carried out with the Statistica software. The normality of the distribution was examined, and the hypotheses of the equality of mean values and variance were verified. For the AZ91D magnesium alloy on the lateral and the end faces (Ra, Rz parameters), simulations were carried out. Two types of ANN were used: MLP (Multi-layered perceptron) and RBF (Radial Basis Function). To increase the machining stability and to obtain a high surface finish, the more suitable tool for finishing milling is the tool with a helix angle of λs = 20°. Artificial neural networks have been shown to be a good tool for predicting surface roughness parameters of magnesium alloys after finishing milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Zagórski
- Department of Production Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Szczepaniak
- Department of Production Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Kulisz
- Department of Organisation of Enterprise, Management Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Korpysa
- Department of Production Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (J.K.)
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Analysis of the Possibility of Using Wavelet Transform to Assess the Condition of the Surface Layer of Elements with Flat-Top Structures. MACHINES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/machines8040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper focused on a topic related to the possibilities of using wavelet analysis to evaluate the changes in the geometrical structures of the surfaces arising during the honing process with whetstones with variable granularity. The cylinder liners of the combustion engine are machined elements. The basics of the wavelet analysis and the differences between filtering with standardized filters (e.g., Gauss filter), Fourier analysis, and the analysis of the results obtained when measuring the surface roughness with other wavelets were described. Trials of honing four cylinder liners were carried out. Roughness measurements of 3D spatial structures of the prepared liners were made. The principle of selecting wavelets for roughness assessment of structures with cross-hatch pattern was described. Roughness structures generated on the honed surfaces of cylinder liners were assessed using Gaussian filtration and Morlet, Daubechies Db6, and Mexican hat wavelets. In order to demonstrate the differences generated when the Gaussian filtration and selected wavelets were used on surface structures, the surfaces obtained with the use of these filtering tools were subtracted from each other, which allowed obtaining information about the changes occurring on the assessed surfaces, which were generated after the use of various filtering tools. For the assessed surfaces, during the subtraction operation, the mean square error was calculated, informing about the degree of similarity of both compared surfaces. The result of the work carried out is the creation of basic recommendations for the selection of wavelets when assessing honed surfaces with different degrees of regularity of the traces generated on them.
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