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Wang Z, Zheng H, Chen J, Wang W, Sun F, Cao Y. Effect of Crosslinking Conditions on the Transport of Protons and Methanol in Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranes Containing the Phosphoric Acid Group. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4198. [PMID: 37959877 PMCID: PMC10648814 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, we systematically explored the intricate relationship between the structural attributes of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes and their multifaceted properties relevant to fuel cell applications, encompassing diverse crosslinking conditions. Employing the solution casting technique, we fabricated crosslinked PVA membranes by utilizing phosphoric acid (PA) as the crosslinking agent, modulating the crosslinking temperature across a range of values. This comprehensive approach aimed to optimize the selection of crosslinking parameters for the advancement of crosslinked polymer materials tailored for fuel cell contexts. A series of meticulously tailored crosslinked PVA membranes were synthesized, each varying in PBTCA content (5-30 wt.%) to establish a systematic framework for elucidating chemical interactions, morphological transformations, and physicochemical attributes pertinent to fuel cell utilization. The manipulation of crosslinking agent concentration and crosslinking temperature engendered a discernible impact on the crosslinking degree, leading to a concomitant reduction in crystallinity. Time-resolved attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was harnessed to evaluate the dynamics of liquid water adsorption and ionomer swelling kinetics within the array of fabricated PVA films. Notably, the diffusion of water within the PVA membranes adhered faithfully to Fick's law, with discernible sensitivity to the crosslinking conditions being implemented. Within the evaluated membranes, proton conductivities exhibited a span of between 10-3 and 10-2 S/cm, while methanol permeabilities ranged from 10-8 to 10-7 cm2/s. A remarkable revelation surfaced during the course of this study, as it became evident that the structural attributes and properties of the PVA films, under the influence of distinct crosslinking conditions, underwent coherent modifications. These changes were intrinsically linked to alterations in crosslinking degree and crystallinity, reinforcing the interdependence of these parameters in shaping the characteristics of PVA films intended for diverse fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jinyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composites Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China; (W.W.); (F.S.)
| | - Furui Sun
- Science and Technology on Advanced Functional Composites Laboratory, Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China; (W.W.); (F.S.)
| | - Ya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; (Z.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.C.)
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2
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Simari C. NMR Investigation of Water Molecular Dynamics in Sulfonated Polysulfone/Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:684. [PMID: 37505050 PMCID: PMC10384311 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanocomposite membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers is emerging as one of the most promising strategies for overcoming the performance, cost, and safety limitations of Nafion, which is the current benchmark in proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. Among the various nanocomposite membranes, those based on sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) and Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) hold promise regarding their successful utilization in practical applications due to their interesting electrochemical performance. This study aims to elucidate the effect of LDH introduction on the internal arrangement of water molecules in the hydrophilic clusters of sPSU and on its proton transport properties. Swelling tests, NMR characterization, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) investigation allowed us to demonstrate that LDH platelets act as physical crosslinkers between -SO3H groups of adjacent polymer chains. This increases dimensional stability while simultaneously creating continuous paths for proton conduction. This feature, combined with its impressive water retention capability, allows sPSU to yield a proton conductivity of ca. 4 mS cm-1 at 90 °C and 20% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Simari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)-INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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3
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V PN. Influence of sulfonated SBA - 15 on fuel cell performance of sulfonated polysulfone electrolyte membranes. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221144257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prepared mesoporous SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous-15) was sulfonated and used as filler for the preparation of sulfonated polysulfone based composite electrolyte membranes. The SBA-15 and polysulfone were sulfonated using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane and trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate, respectively. The different weight percentages (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of sulfonated SBA-15 (SSBA-15) were used to prepare composite electrolyte membranes. Water uptake, ion exchange capacity, swelling ratio and proton conductivity of the composite membranes were studied for assessing the suitability of the electrolyte membranes for use in fuel cells. Characterization techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM and Brunauer–Emmett– Teller were used to study the physico-chemical properties of the electrolyte membranes. TEM and BET analysis showed that SBA -15 retained its mesoporous structure even after sulfonation process. The prepared membranes were then tested in an in-house built single-cell fuel cell using hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as the oxidant. The fuel cell study showed that the presence of Sulfonated SBA-15 in the polymer matrix provided additional ion exchange sites and retained water for proton transfer which resulted in higher power density of 815 mW/cm2 with SPSU + 3% SSBA-15 membrane as compared with Nafion 117®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu N V
- Department of Chemistry, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, India
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Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214252. [PMID: 36430726 PMCID: PMC9694323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated global warming issues, numerous studies have focused on the development of eco-friendly energy conversion devices such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. As one of the key components in PEMFCs, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) should have high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability during operation. Although the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)-based PEMs and some of the hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of rationally designed polymer structures are found to meet these criteria, there is an ongoing and pressing need to improve and fine-tune these further, to be useful in practical PEMFC operation. Incorporation of organic/inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is one of the methods shown to be effective for controlling target PEM properties including thermal stability, mechanical properties, and physical stability, as well as proton conductivity. Functionalization of organic/inorganic fillers is critical to optimize the filler efficiency and dispersion, thus resulting in significant improvements to PEM properties. This review focused on the structural engineering of functionalized carbon and silica-based fillers and comparisons of the resulting PEM properties. Newly constructed composite membranes were compared to composite membrane containing non-functionalized fillers or pure polymer matrix membrane without fillers.
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5
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Modified sulfonated polyphenylsulfone proton exchange membrane with enhanced fuel cell performance: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Das G, Choi JH, Nguyen PKT, Kim DJ, Yoon YS. Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061197. [PMID: 35335528 PMCID: PMC8955432 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fuel cell industry is the most promising industry in terms of the advancement of clean and safe technologies for sustainable energy generation. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is divided into two parts: anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the case of PEMFCs, high-power density was secured and research and development for commercialization have made significant progress. However, there are technical limitations and high-cost issues for the use of precious metal catalysts including Pt, the durability of catalysts, bipolar plates, and membranes, and the use of hydrogen to ensure system stability. On the contrary, AEMFCs have been used as low-platinum or non-platinum catalysts and have a low activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction, so many studies have been conducted to find alternatives to overcome the problems of PEMFCs in the last decade. At the core of ensuring the power density of AEMFCs is the anion exchange membrane (AEM) which is less durable and less conductive than the cation exchange membrane. AEMFCs are a promising technology that can solve the high-cost problem of PEMFCs that have reached technological saturation and overcome technical limitations. This review focuses on the various aspects of AEMs for AEMFCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, 275 Wilmore Labs, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: (D.-J.K.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.-J.K.); (Y.S.Y.)
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Khoo KS, Chia WY, Wang K, Chang CK, Leong HY, Maaris MNB, Show PL. Development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell with ionic liquid technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148705. [PMID: 34328982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fuel cells (FCs) are a chemical fuel device which can directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy, also known as electrochemical generator. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most appealing FC systems that have been broadly developed in recent years. Due to the poor conductivity of electrolyte membrane used in traditional PEMFC, its operation at higher temperature is greatly limited. The incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) which is widely regarded as a greener alternative compared to traditional solvents in the proton exchange membrane electrolyte shows great potential in high temperature PEMFCs (HT-PEMFCs). This review provides insights in the latest progress of utilizing ILs as an electrochemical electrolyte in PEMFCs. Besides, electrolyte membranes that are constructed by ILs combined with polybenzimidazole (PBI) have many benefits such as better thermal stability, improved mechanical properties, and higher proton conductivity. The current review aims to investigate the newest development and existing issues of ILs research in electrolyte and material selection, system fabrication method, synthesis of ILs, and experimental techniques. The evaluation of life cycle analysis, commercialization, and greenness of ILs are also discussed. Hence, this review provides insights to material scientists and develops interest of wider community, promoting the use of ILs to meet energy challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wen Yi Chia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, No. 135, Yuan-Tung Road, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Hui Yi Leong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Muhammad Nasrulhazim Bin Maaris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Broga Road, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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8
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Kato R, Lettow JH, Patel SN, Rowan SJ. Ion-Conducting Thermoresponsive Films Based on Polymer-Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:54083-54093. [PMID: 33201676 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically robust, thermoresponsive, ion-conducting nanocomposite films are prepared from poly(2-phenylethyl methacrylate)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (MxG-CNC-g-PPMA). One-component nanocomposite films of the polymer-grafted nanoparticle (PGN) MxG-CNC-g-PPMA are imbibed with 30 wt % imidazolium-based ionic liquid to produce flexible ion-conducting films. These films with 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MxG-CNC-g-PPMA/[H]) not only display remarkable improvements in toughness (>25 times) and tensile strength (>70 times) relative to the corresponding films consisting of the ionic liquid imbibed in the two-component CNC/PPMA nanocomposite but also show higher ionic conductivity than the corresponding neat PPMA with the same weight percent of ionic liquid. Notably, the one-component film containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MxG-CNC-g-PPMA/[E]) exhibits temperature-responsive ionic conduction. The ionic conductivity decreases at around 60 °C as a consequence of the lower critical solution temperature phase transition of the grafted polymer in the ionic liquid, which leads to phase separation. Moreover, holding the MxG-CNC-g-PPMA/[E] film at room temperature for 24 h returns the film to its original homogenous state. These materials exhibit properties relevant to thermal cutoff safety devices (e.g., thermal fuse) where a reduction in conductivity above a critical temperature is needed.
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Wang Y, You J, Cheng Z, Jiang K, Zhang L, Cai W, Liu YQ, Li S. A promising Al-CeZrO4/HPW-incorporated SPEEK composite membrane with improved proton conductivity and chemical stability for PEM fuel cells. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320957076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An improved sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) nanocomposite membrane was prepared by incorporating both phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and Al doped cerium-based oxides (Al-CeZrO4) in SPEEK matrix. The HPW was immobilized by Al-CeZrO4 so that firmly dispersed acid–base pairs were formed. The introduction of Al-CeZrO4 helped improve the chemical stability of the pristine (baseline) SPEEK membrane without compromising the conductivity, and the addition of HPW further enhanced the conduction of protons through acid–base interactions. Stability tests showed that when the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4 nanocomposite membrane was immersed in a Fenton’s solution for 108 h at 80°C, a loss of 34.9% in proton conductivity was observed, which is 24.1% less than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane, indicating that the attenuation of membrane proton conductivity was inhibited. At the same time, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4/HPW nanocomposite membrane (that has already incorporated HPW) was increased by 15.5% compared to the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4 nanocomposite membrane. Hence, Al-CeZrO4/HPW is considered as an effective inorganic nanofiller for improving both proton conductivity and chemical stability of SPEEK membranes, and the hybrid composite membrane is worth further studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiabin You
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanli Cai
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Quan Liu
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuirong Li
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Abstract
In the wake of sustainable development, materials research is going through a green revolution that is putting energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials and methods in the limelight. In this quest for greener alternatives, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new generation of designable crystalline porous polymers for a wide array of clean-energy and environmental applications. In this contribution, we categorically review the merits and shortcomings of COF bulk powders, nanosheets, freestanding thin films/membranes, and membranes on porous supports in various separation processes, including separation of gases, pervaporation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water purification, radionuclide sequestration, and chiral separations, with particular reference to COF material pore size, host–guest interactions, stability, selectivity, and permeability. This review covers the fabrication strategies of nanosheets, films, and membranes, as well as performance parameters, and provides an overview of the separation landscape with COFs in relation to other porous polymers, while seeking to interpret the future research opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Das
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;, ,
| | - Jie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;, ,
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;, ,
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Transport Properties and Mechanical Features of Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone/Organosilica Layered Materials Nanocomposite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10050087. [PMID: 32365737 PMCID: PMC7281369 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study the preparation of new sulfonated polyether ether ketone (sPEEK) nanocomposite membranes, containing highly ionic silica layered nanoadditives, as a low cost and efficient proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. To achieve the best compromise among mechanical strength, dimensional stability and proton conductivity, sPEEK polymers with different sulfonation degree (DS) were examined. Silica nanoplatelets, decorated with a plethora of sulfonic acid groups, were synthesized through the one-step process, and composite membranes at 1, 3 and 5 wt% of filler loadings were prepared by a simple casting procedure. The presence of ionic layered additives improves the mechanical strength, the water retention capacity and the transport properties remarkably. The nanocomposite membrane with 5% wt of nanoadditive exhibited an improvement of tensile strength almost 160% (68.32 MPa,) with respect to pristine sPEEK and a ten-times higher rate of proton conductivity (12.8 mS cm−1) under very harsh operative conditions (i.e., 90 °C and 30% RH), compared to a filler-free membrane. These findings represent a significant advance as a polymer electrolyte or a fuel cell application.
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12
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Composite Polymers Development and Application for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Technologies-A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071712. [PMID: 32276482 PMCID: PMC7180464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafion membranes are still the dominating material used in the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technologies. They are widely used in several applications thanks to their excellent properties: high proton conductivity and high chemical stability in both oxidation and reduction environment. However, they have several technical challenges: reactants permeability, which results in reduced performance, dependence on water content to perform preventing the operation at higher temperatures or low humidity levels, and chemical degradation. This paper reviews novel composite membranes that have been developed for PEM applications, including direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), hydrogen PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs), and water electrolysers (PEMWEs), aiming at overcoming the drawbacks of the commercial Nafion membranes. It provides a broad overview of the Nafion-based membranes, with organic and inorganic fillers, and non-fluorinated membranes available in the literature for which various main properties (proton conductivity, crossover, maximum power density, and thermal stability) are reported. The studies on composite membranes demonstrate that they are suitable for PEM applications and can potentially compete with Nafion membranes in terms of performance and lifetime.
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Mariappan RP, Liu C, Cao G, Manimuthu RP. Tailoring SPEEK/SPVdF- co-HFP/La 2Zr 2O 7 Ternary Composite Membrane for Cation Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaofeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
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14
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Sun X, Song JH, Ren HQ, Liu XY, Qu XW, Feng Y, Jiang ZQ, Ding HL. Phosphoric acid-loaded covalent triazine framework for enhanced the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membrane. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Roh SH, Lim MH, Sadhasivam T, Jung HY. Investigation on physico-chemical and electrochemical performance of poly(phenylene oxide)-based anion exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery systems. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Woo SH, Taguet A, Otazaghine B, Mosdale A, Rigacci A, Beauger C. Physicochemical properties of Aquivion/fluorine grafted sepiolite electrolyte membranes for use in PEMFC. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Esmaeili N, Gray EM, Webb CJ. Non-Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications - A Review. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2016-2053. [PMID: 31334917 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are currently used for PEMFCs in industry, despite suffering from reduced proton conductivity due to dehydration at higher temperatures. However, operating at temperatures below 100 °C leads to cathode flooding, catalyst poisoning by CO, and complex system design with higher cost. Research has concentrated on the membrane material and on preparation methods to achieve high proton conductivity, thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, low fuel crossover and lower cost at high temperatures. Non-fluorinated polymers are a promising alternative. However, improving the efficiency at higher temperatures has necessitated modifications and the inclusion of inorganic materials in a polymer matrix to form a composite membrane can be an approach to reach the target performance, while still reducing costs. This review focuses on recent research in composite PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. Various inorganic fillers incorporated in the PEM structure are reviewed in terms of their properties and the effect on PEM fuel cell performance. The most reliable polymers and fillers with potential for high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Esmaeili
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evan MacA Gray
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colin J Webb
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Woo SH, Rigacci A, Beauger C. Influence of Sepiolite and Halloysite Nanoclay Additives on the Water Uptake and Swelling of Nafion Based Composite Membranes for PEMFC: Impact of the Blending Time on Composite Homogeneity. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahng Hyuck Woo
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University, PERSEE - Centre procédés, énergies renouvelables et systèmes énergétiques, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Rigacci
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University, PERSEE - Centre procédés, énergies renouvelables et systèmes énergétiques, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Christian Beauger
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University, PERSEE - Centre procédés, énergies renouvelables et systèmes énergétiques, CS 10207 rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Xia L, Huang D, Fu X, Zhang R, Hu S, Zhao F, Li X, Bao X. Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)/sulfonated sepiolite composite membranes with low phosphoric acid doping levels for PEMFC applications in a wide temperature range. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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The effect of adding sulfonated SiO2 nanoparticles and polymer blending on properties and performance of sulfonated poly ether sulfone membrane: Fabrication and optimization. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Zhai S, Dai W, Lin J, He S, Zhang B, Chen L. Enhanced Proton Conductivity in Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Membranes by Incorporating Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E203. [PMID: 30960187 PMCID: PMC6418892 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of great importance to improve the proton conductivity of proton exchange membranes by easy-handling and cost-efficient approaches. In this work, we incorporated a commercially obtained surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) through solution casting to prepare SPEEK/SDBS membranes. When no more than 10 wt % SDBS was added, the SDBS was well dissolved into the SPEEK matrix, and the activation energy for the proton transfer in the SPEEK/SDBS membranes was greatly reduced, leading to significant enhancement of the membrane proton conductivity. Compared with the SPEEK control membrane, the SPEEK/SDBS membrane with 10 wt % SDBS showed a 78% increase in proton conductivity, up from 0.051 S cm-1 to 0.091 S cm-1, while the water uptake increased from 38% to 62%. Moreover, the SPEEK/SDBS membrane exhibited constant proton conductivity under a long-term water immersion test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wenxu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Shaojian He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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22
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Zhang X, Lin Q, Liu H, Chen X, Su S, Ni M. Performance Analysis of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based Syngas. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21010085. [PMID: 33266801 PMCID: PMC7514195 DOI: 10.3390/e21010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
External chemical reactors for steam reforming and water gas shift reactions are needed for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system using syngas fuel. For the preheating of syngas and stable steam reforming reaction at 600 °C, residual hydrogen from a fuel cell and a certain amount of additional syngas are burned. The combustion temperature is calculated and the molar ratio of the syngas into burner and steam reformer is determined. Based on thermodynamics and electrochemistry, the electric power density and energy conversion efficiency of a PEM fuel cell based syngas are expressed. The effects of the temperature, the hydrogen utilization factor at the anode, and the molar ratio of the syngas into burner and steam reformer on the performance of a PEM fuel cell are discussed. To achieve the maximum power density or efficiency, the key parameters are determined. This manuscript presents the detailed operating process of a PEM fuel cell, the allocation of the syngas for combustion and electric generation, and the feasibility of a PEM fuel cell using syngas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiubao Lin
- Department of Physics, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Physics, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Physics, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Sunqing Su
- Department of Physics, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meng Ni
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-27664152; Fax: +852-27645131
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23
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Bano S, Negi YS, Illathvalappil R, Kurungot S, Ramya K. Studies on nano composites of SPEEK/ethylene glycol/cellulose nanocrystals as promising proton exchange membranes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Ataeivarjovi E, Tang Z, Chen J. Study on CO 2 Desorption Behavior of a PDMS-SiO 2 Hybrid Membrane Applied in a Novel CO 2 Capture Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28992-29002. [PMID: 30047724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this present work, a novel approach has been proposed by which a solvent absorption and membrane desorption methods can significantly reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and energy consumption. In this method, the CO2 capture processing is based on the combination of membrane and physical solvent. Here, dimethyl carbonate and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-SiO2 nanocomposite were used as the physical solvent and desorption membrane, respectively. However, the main focus of this research was on the CO2 desorption behavior of PDMS-SiO2 hybrid membrane. To do so, the influence of the operating conditions and membrane properties on the pervaporation process to capture CO2 have been investigated. The PDMS-SiO2 hybrid membrane containing 10 wt % SiO2 was the most effective membrane. Results revealed that increase in CO2 concentration from 1.5 to 3 wt % led to decrease in the selectivity from 94 to 47 and increase in flux from 1.7 to 5.38 (kg/m2·h). In addition, an increase in temperature increased the flux and reached the highest level (8.17 kg/m2·h) at 40 °C. However, the selectivity decreased to 36.13. It was found that the addition of SiO2 nanoparticles to the PDMS membrane not only enhanced the membrane performance but also decreased the energy consumption about 75% compared with gas stripping method and mass transfer about 49% compared with pure PDMS membrane. Finally, these results illustrated that such a novel technique used for pervaporation separation process is a green and promising alternative to separate CO2 from the physical solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Ataeivarjovi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
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25
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Sahin A. The development of Speek/Pva/Teos blend membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Arslanova AA, Sanginov EA, Dobrovol’skii YA. New Composite Proton-Conducting Membranes Based on Nafion and Cross-Linked Sulfonated Polystyrene. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Yang T, Li Z, Lyu H, Zheng J, Liu J, Liu F, Zhang Z, Rao H. A graphene oxide polymer brush based cross-linked nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15740-15753. [PMID: 35539468 PMCID: PMC9080066 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional polymer brush modified graphene oxide (FPGO) with functional linear polysiloxane brushes was synthesized via surface precipitation polymerization (sol–gel) and chemical modification. Then, FPGO was covalently cross-linked to the sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) matrix to obtain novel SPSU/FPGO cross-linked nanocomposite membranes. Meanwhile, SPSU/GO composite membranes and a pristine SPSU membrane were fabricated as control groups. Reduced agglomeration of the inorganic filler and better interfacial interaction, which are benefit to increase diffusion resistance of methanol and to generate continuous channels for fast proton transportation at elevated temperature, were observed in SPSU/FPGO cross-linked membranes. Moreover, the enhanced membrane stability (thermal, oxidative and dimensional stability) and good mechanical performance also guaranteed their proton conducting durability. It is noteworthy that the SPSU/FPGO-1 cross-linked membrane possesses the best comprehensive properties among all the prepared membranes and Nafion®117, it acquires the highest proton conductivity of 0.462 S cm−1 at 90 °C under hydrated conditions together with a low methanol permeability of 1.71 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 at 30 °C. The resulting high membrane selectivity displays the great potential of the SPSU/FPGO cross-linked membrane for DMFCs application. A novel proton exchange nanocomposite which was cross-linked by functional graphene oxide polymer brushes shows interesting and comprehensive advantages for DMFCs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjian Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huilong Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Rao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- People's Republic of China
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28
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Kahraman HT, Yar A, Avcı A, Pehlivan E. Preparation of nanoclay incorporated PAN fibers by electrospinning technique and its application for oil and organic solvent absorption. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1384018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adem Yar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Avcı
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Erol Pehlivan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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29
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Huang G, Li F, Zhao X, Ma Y, Li Y, Lin M, Jin G, Lu TJ, Genin GM, Xu F. Functional and Biomimetic Materials for Engineering of the Three-Dimensional Cell Microenvironment. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12764-12850. [PMID: 28991456 PMCID: PMC6494624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell microenvironment has emerged as a key determinant of cell behavior and function in development, physiology, and pathophysiology. The extracellular matrix (ECM) within the cell microenvironment serves not only as a structural foundation for cells but also as a source of three-dimensional (3D) biochemical and biophysical cues that trigger and regulate cell behaviors. Increasing evidence suggests that the 3D character of the microenvironment is required for development of many critical cell responses observed in vivo, fueling a surge in the development of functional and biomimetic materials for engineering the 3D cell microenvironment. Progress in the design of such materials has improved control of cell behaviors in 3D and advanced the fields of tissue regeneration, in vitro tissue models, large-scale cell differentiation, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. However, the field is still in its infancy, and discoveries about the nature of cell-microenvironment interactions continue to overturn much early progress in the field. Key challenges continue to be dissecting the roles of chemistry, structure, mechanics, and electrophysiology in the cell microenvironment, and understanding and harnessing the roles of periodicity and drift in these factors. This review encapsulates where recent advances appear to leave the ever-shifting state of the art, and it highlights areas in which substantial potential and uncertainty remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guorui Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials
and Structures, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering &
Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130, MO,
USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for
Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis 63130,
MO, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information
Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong
University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center
(BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s
Republic of China
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30
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Wang S, Shi QX, Ye YS, Wang Y, Peng HY, Xue ZG, Xie XL, Mai YW. Polymeric ionic liquid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoplates: a new high-performance composite polymer electrolyte for lithium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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32
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Durga IK, Rao SS, Punnoose D, Kundakarla N, Tulasivarma CV, Kim HJ. An innovative catalyst design as an efficient electro catalyst and its applications in quantum-dot sensitized solar cells and the oxygen reduction reaction for fuel cells. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03510h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly-efficient Co90%Ni10% catalytic nanostructures on FTO and Ni-foam show high performance in QDSSCs and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Srinivasa Rao
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dinah Punnoose
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Hee-Je Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan
- Republic of Korea
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33
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Gong F, Wang R, Chen X, Chen P, An Z, Zhang S. Facile synthesis and the properties of novel cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendent cycloaminium side chains as anion exchange membranes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00690j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The structure of pendent cycloaminium side chains containing higher alkalinity of conductive groups was effective for improving the micro-phase separation of AEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P.R. China
| | - Ruiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P.R. China
| | - Xinbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P.R. China
| | - Pei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei An
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- P.R. China
| | - Suobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P.R. China
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34
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Huang Y, Liu J, Zheng P, Feng M, Chen J, Liu X. Phthalonitrile end-capped sulfonated polyarylene ether nitriles for low-swelling proton exchange membranes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Yao H, Shi K, Song N, Zhang N, Huo P, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Guan S. Polymer electrolyte membranes based on cross-linked highly sulfonated co-polyimides. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Lin CX, Zhuo YZ, Lai AN, Zhang QG, Zhu AM, Ye ML, Liu QL. Side-chain-type anion exchange membranes bearing pendent imidazolium-functionalized poly(phenylene oxide) for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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New comb-shaped ionomers based on hydrophobic poly(aryl ether ketone) backbone bearing hydrophilic high concentration sulfonated micro-cluster. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Gang M, He G, Li Z, Cao K, Li Z, Yin Y, Wu H, Jiang Z. Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite membrane for direct methanol fuel cell application. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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40
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Liu X, He S, Song G, Jia H, Shi Z, Liu S, Zhang L, Lin J, Nazarenko S. Proton conductivity improvement of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite membranes with sulfonated halloysite nanotubes prepared via dopamine-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Almuhamed S, Bonne M, Khenoussi N, Brendle J, Schacher L, Lebeau B, Adolphe DC. Electrospinning composite nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile/synthetic Na-montmorillonite. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Enhancement of proton mobility and mitigation of methanol crossover in sPEEK fuel cells by an organically modified titania nanofiller. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Luo HB, Ren LT, Ning WH, Liu SX, Liu JL, Ren XM. Robust Crystalline Hybrid Solid with Multiple Channels Showing High Anhydrous Proton Conductivity and a Wide Performance Temperature Range. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1663-1667. [PMID: 26660269 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A proton conductor displaying high anhydrous proton conductivity (≈10(-2) S cm(-1)) and good performance over a broad temperature range is presented. This hybrid material is produced via doping HCl into open-framework chalcogenide(C2N2H10)(C2N2H9)2 Cu8 Sn3S12, and has cubopolyhedral cavities and multiple channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Li-Te Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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44
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Surface zwitterionicalization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes from the entrapped reactive core-shell silica nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 468:110-119. [PMID: 26835581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the preparation and properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) filtration membranes modified via surface zwitterionicalization mediated by reactive core-shell silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs). The organic/inorganic hybrid SiO2 NPs grafted with poly(methyl meth acrylate)-block-poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) copolymer (PMMA-b-PDMAEMA) shell were prepared by surface-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (SI-RAFT) polymerization and then used as a membrane-making additive of PVDF membranes. The PDMAEMA exposed on membrane surface and pore walls were quaternized into zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) using 1,3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) as the quaternization agent. The membrane surface chemistry and morphology were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The hydrophilicity, permeability and antifouling ability of the investigated membranes were evaluated in detail. It was found that the PSBMA chains brought highly-hydrophilic and strong fouling resistant characteristics to PVDF membranes due to the powerful hydration of zwitterionic surface. The SiO2 cores and PMMA chains in the hybrid NPs play a role of anchors for the linking of PSBMA chains to membrane surface. Compared to the traditional strategies for membrane hydrophilic modification, the developed method in this work combined the advantages of both blending and surface reaction.
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Yao H, Song N, Shi K, Feng S, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Guan S. Highly sulfonated co-polyimides containing hydrophobic cross-linked networks as proton exchange membranes. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00637j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cross-linked highly sulfonated co-polyimides based on novel diamine monomer containing double hydrophobic cross-linkable tetrafluorostyrol side-groups showed improved enhanced dimensional stability and superior proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yao
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Ningning Song
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Sinan Feng
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Zhu
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Shaowei Guan
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute
- College of chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
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Influence of copper content on the electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation of Co(χ)Cu(y) alloy nanoparticles-decorated CNFs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16695. [PMID: 26568442 PMCID: PMC4645225 DOI: 10.1038/srep16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, CoCu alloy nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanofibers are introduced as effective non precious electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation in alkaline medium. The introduced electrocatalyst has been synthesized by simple and effective process; electrospinning. Typically, calcination, in nitrogen atmosphere, of electrospun nanofibers composed of cobalt acetate, copper acetate and poly (vinyl alcohol) leads to form carbon nanofibers decorated by CoCu nanoparticles. The nanofibrous morphology and alloy structure have been confirmed by SEM, TEM and XRD analyses. Investigation of the electrocatalytic activity indicates that copper content has strong influence, the alloy nanoparticles having the composition Cu5%Co95% showed distinct high performance; 100 times higher than other formulations. Overall, the introduced study revealed the veil about the distinct role of copper in enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of cobalt-based materials.
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Mendoza-Reyes LG, Gutiérrez-Sánchez A, Ruiz-Segura JC, Monroy-Barreto M, Aguilar JC, Rodríguez de San Miguel E, de Gyves J. Crosslinking effects on hybrid organic-inorganic proton conducting membranes based on sulfonated polystyrene and polysiloxane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 México D.F. México
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz-Segura
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 México D.F. México
| | - Minerva Monroy-Barreto
- Unidad de Servicios Analíticos de Apoyo a la Investigación; Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 México D.F. México
| | - Julio César Aguilar
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 México D.F. México
| | | | - Josefina de Gyves
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria; 04510 México D.F. México
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Daud SM, Kim BH, Ghasemi M, Daud WRW. Separators used in microbial electrochemical technologies: Current status and future prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 195:170-179. [PMID: 26141668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are emerging green processes producing useful products from renewable sources without causing environmental pollution and treating wastes. The separator, an important part of METs that greatly affects the latter's performance, is commonly made of Nafion proton exchange membrane (PEM). However, many problems have been identified associated with the Nafion PEM such as high cost of membrane, significant oxygen and substrate crossovers, and transport of cations other than protons protons and biofouling. A variety of materials have been offered as alternative separators such as ion-exchange membranes, salt bridges, glass fibers, composite membranes and porous materials. It has been claimed that low cost porous materials perform better than PEM. These include J-cloth, nylon filter, glass fiber mat, non-woven cloth, earthen pot and ceramics that enable non-ion selective charge transfer. This paper provides an up-to-date review on porous separators and plots directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Mariam Daud
- Fuel Cell Institute, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Byung Hong Kim
- Fuel Cell Institute, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Mostafa Ghasemi
- Fuel Cell Institute, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ramli Wan Daud
- Fuel Cell Institute, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pinar FJ, Pilinski N, Wagner P. Long-term testing of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: The effect of reactant gases. AIChE J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Pinar
- NEXT ENERGY.; EWE Research Centre for Energy Technology at the University of Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Nadine Pilinski
- NEXT ENERGY.; EWE Research Centre for Energy Technology at the University of Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Peter Wagner
- NEXT ENERGY.; EWE Research Centre for Energy Technology at the University of Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 15 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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He G, Li Z, Zhao J, Wang S, Wu H, Guiver MD, Jiang Z. Nanostructured Ion-Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5280-95. [PMID: 26270555 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based materials with tunable nanoscale structures and associated microenvironments hold great promise as next-generation ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) for acid or alkaline fuel cells. Understanding the relationships between nanostructure, physical and chemical microenvironment, and ion-transport properties are critical to the rational design and development of IEMs. These matters are addressed here by discussing representative and important advances since 2011, with particular emphasis on aromatic-polymer-based nanostructured IEMs, which are broadly divided into nanostructured polymer membranes and nanostructured polymer-filler composite membranes. For each category of membrane, the core factors that influence the physical and chemical microenvironments of the ion nanochannels are summarized. In addition, a brief perspective on the possible future directions of nanostructured IEMs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Michael D Guiver
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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