1
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Li T, Sun W, Qian D, Wang P, Liu X, He C, Chang T, Liao G, Zhang J. Plant-derived biomass-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00254-3. [PMID: 39384469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels made of plant-derived biomass have gained popularity in biomedical applications because they are frequently affordable, readily available, and biocompatible. Finding the perfect plant-derived biomass-based hydrogels for biomedicine that can replicate essential characteristics of human tissues in regard to structure, function, and performance has proved to be difficult. In this review, we summarize some of the major contributions made to this topic, covering basic ideas and different biomass-based hydrogels made of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Also included is an in-depth discussion regarding the biosafety and toxicity assessments of biomass-based hydrogels. Finally, this review also highlights important scientific debates and major obstacles regarding biomass-based hydrogels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushuai Li
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, PR China
| | - Wenxue Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining 272000, China; Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining 272000, China
| | - Da Qian
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery-Hand Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Suzhou 215500, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shandong Chambroad Petrochemicals Co., Ltd, Binzhou, Shandong 256500, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, PR China
| | - Chengsheng He
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, PR China
| | - Tong Chang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, PR China
| | - Guangfu Liao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, PR China.
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2
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Karchilakis G, Varlas S, Johnson EC, Norvilaite O, Farmer MAH, Sanderson G, Leggett GJ, Armes SP. Capturing Enzyme-Loaded Diblock Copolymer Vesicles Using an Aldehyde-Functionalized Hydrophilic Polymer Brush. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14086-14098. [PMID: 38934738 PMCID: PMC11238591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Compared to lipids, block copolymer vesicles are potentially robust nanocontainers for enzymes owing to their enhanced chemical stability, particularly in challenging environments. Herein we report that cis-diol-functional diblock copolymer vesicles can be chemically adsorbed onto a hydrophilic aldehyde-functional polymer brush via acetal bond formation under mild conditions (pH 5.5, 20 °C). Quartz crystal microbalance studies indicated an adsorbed amount, Γ, of 158 mg m-2 for vesicle adsorption onto such brushes, whereas negligible adsorption (Γ = 0.1 mg m-2) was observed for a control experiment conducted using a cis-diol-functionalized brush. Scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry studies indicated a mean surface coverage of around 30% at the brush surface, which suggests reasonably efficient chemical adsorption. Importantly, such vesicles can be conveniently loaded with a model enzyme (horseradish peroxidase, HRP) using an aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly formulation. Moreover, the immobilized vesicles remained permeable toward small molecules while retaining their enzyme payload. The enzymatic activity of such HRP-loaded vesicles was demonstrated using a well-established colorimetric assay. In principle, this efficient vesicle-on-brush strategy can be applied to a wide range of enzymes and functional proteins for the design of next-generation immobilized nanoreactors for enzyme-mediated catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Karchilakis
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Oleta Norvilaite
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Matthew A. H. Farmer
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - George Sanderson
- GEO
Specialty Chemicals, Hythe, Southampton, Hampshire SO45 3ZG, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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3
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Zimmermann P, Frohs S, Wiesing M, Meena K, Nagel J. Efficient Approach for Direct Robust Surface Grafting of Polyethyleneimine onto a Polyester Surface during Moulding. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:644. [PMID: 38475327 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper uses a very effective way for surface modification of thermoplastic polymers during moulding. It is based on a grafting reaction between a thin layer of a functional polymer, deposited on a substrate in advance, and a polymer melt. In this paper, a glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) that was brought in contact with a polyethyleneimine layer during fused filament fabrication is investigated. The focus of this paper is the investigation of the reaction product. Grafting was realised by the formation of stable amide bonds by amidation of ester groups in the main chain of a PETG. XPS investigations revealed that the conversion of amino groups was very high, the distribution was even, and the quantity of amino groups per polyester surface area was still very high. The surface properties of the produced polyester part were mainly characterised by polyethyleneimine. The grafting was able to resist several cycles of extraction in alkaline solutions. The stability was only limited by saponification of the polyester. The degree of surface modification was dependent on the molar mass of polyethyleneimine. This could be rationalised, because grafting only occurred with the one polyethyleneimine molecule that is in close vicinity to the polyester surface when both components come in contact. Fused deposition modelling was chosen as the model process with control over each processing step. However, any other moulding process may be applied, particularly injection moulding for mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zimmermann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silven Frohs
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesing
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kamal Meena
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Nagel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Muñoz R, León-Boigues L, López-Elvira E, Munuera C, Vázquez L, Mompeán F, Martín-Gago JÁ, Palacio I, García-Hernández M. Acrylates Polymerization on Covalent Plasma-Assisted Functionalized Graphene: A Route to Synthesize Hybrid Functional Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46171-46180. [PMID: 37738025 PMCID: PMC10561134 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The modification of the surface properties of graphene with polymers provides a method for expanding its scope into new applications as a hybrid material. Unfortunately, the chemical inertness of graphene hinders the covalent functionalization required to build them up. Developing new strategies to enhance the graphene chemical activity for efficient and stable functionalization, while preserving its electronic properties, is a major challenge. We here devise a covalent functionalization method that is clean, reproducible, scalable, and technologically relevant for the synthesis of a large-scale, substrate-supported graphene-polymer hybrid material. In a first step, hydrogen-assisted plasma activation of p-aminophenol (p-AP) linker molecules produces their stable and covalent attachment to large-area graphene. Second, an in situ radical polymerization reaction of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is carried out on the functionalized surface, leading to a graphene-polymer hybrid functional material. The functionalization with a hydrophilic and soft polymer modifies the hydrophobicity of graphene and might enhance its biocompatibility. We have characterized these hybrid materials by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy and studied their electrical response, confirming that the graphene/p-AP/PHEA architecture is anchored covalently by the sp3 hybridization and controlled polymerization reaction on graphene, retaining its suitable electronic properties. Among all the possibilities, we assess the proof of concept of this graphene-based hybrid platform as a humidity sensor. An enhanced sensitivity is obtained in comparison with pristine graphene and related materials. This functional nanoarchitecture and the two-step strategy open up future potential applications in sensors, biomaterials, or biotechnology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Muñoz
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Laia León-Boigues
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
- Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid E-28040, Spain
| | - Elena López-Elvira
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Federico Mompeán
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - José Ángel Martín-Gago
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Irene Palacio
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Mar García-Hernández
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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5
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Metze FK, Filipucci I, Klok HA. Supramolecular Polymer Brushes Grown by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Cucurbit[7]uril-based Non-Covalent Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305930. [PMID: 37395306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are densely grafted, chain end-tethered assemblies of polymers that can be produced via surface-initiated polymerization. Typically, this is accomplished using initiators or chain transfer agents that are covalently attached to the substrate. This manuscript reports an alternative route towards polymer brushes, which involves the use of non-covalent cucurbit[7]uril-adamantane host-guest interactions to surface-immobilize initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization. These non-covalent initiators can be used for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of a variety of water-soluble methacrylate monomers to generate supramolecular polymer brushes with film thicknesses of more than 100 nm. The non-covalent nature of the initiator also allows facile access to patterned polymer brushes, which can be produced in straightforward fashion by drop-casting a solution of the initiator-modified guest molecules onto a substrate that presents the cucurbit[7]uril host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Metze
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irene Filipucci
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Brotherton EE, Johnson EC, Smallridge MJ, Hammond DB, Leggett GJ, Armes SP. Hydrophilic Aldehyde-Functional Polymer Brushes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Bioapplications. Macromolecules 2023; 56:2070-2080. [PMID: 36938510 PMCID: PMC10018759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) is used to polymerize a cis-diol-functional methacrylic monomer (herein denoted GEO5MA) from planar silicon wafers. Ellipsometry studies indicated dry brush thicknesses ranging from 40 to 120 nm. The hydrophilic PGEO5MA brush is then selectively oxidized using sodium periodate to produce an aldehyde-functional hydrophilic PAGEO5MA brush. This post-polymerization modification strategy provides access to significantly thicker brushes compared to those obtained by surface-initiated ARGET ATRP of the corresponding aldehyde-functional methacrylic monomer (AGEO5MA). The much slower brush growth achieved in the latter case is attributed to the relatively low aqueous solubility of the AGEO5MA monomer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that precursor PGEO5MA brushes were essentially fully oxidized to the corresponding PAGEO5MA brushes within 30 min of exposure to a dilute aqueous solution of sodium periodate at 22 °C. PAGEO5MA brushes were then functionalized via Schiff base chemistry using an amino acid (histidine), followed by reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride. Subsequent XPS analysis indicated that the mean degree of histidine functionalization achieved under optimized conditions was approximately 81%. Moreover, an XPS depth profiling experiment confirmed that the histidine groups were uniformly distributed throughout the brush layer. Surface ζ potential measurements indicated a significant change in the electrophoretic behavior of the zwitterionic histidine-functionalized brush relative to that of the non-ionic PGEO5MA precursor brush. The former brush exhibited cationic character at low pH and anionic character at high pH, with an isoelectric point being observed at around pH 7. Finally, quartz crystal microbalance studies indicated minimal adsorption of a model globular protein (BSA) on a PGEO5MA brush-coated substrate, whereas strong protein adsorption via Schiff base chemistry occurred on a PAGEO5MA brush-coated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Brotherton
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Edwin C. Johnson
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | | | - Deborah B. Hammond
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Graham J. Leggett
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, The University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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7
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Metze FK, Klok HA. Supramolecular Polymer Brushes. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K. Metze
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Abdollahi A, Rahmanidoust M, Hanaei N, Dashti A. All-in-One Photoluminescent Janus Nanoparticles for Smart Technologies: Organic Light-Emitting Diodes, Anticounterfeiting, and Optical Sensors. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Wang CG, Surat'man NEB, Mah JJQ, Qu C, Li Z. Surface antimicrobial functionalization with polymers: fabrication, mechanisms and applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9349-9368. [PMID: 36373687 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Undesirable adhesion of microbes such as bacteria, fungi and viruses onto surfaces affects many industries such as marine, food, textile, and healthcare. In particular in healthcare and food packaging, the effects of unwanted microbial contamination can be life-threatening. With the current global COVID-19 pandemic, interest in the development of surfaces with superior anti-viral and anti-bacterial activities has multiplied. Polymers carrying anti-microbial properties are extensively used to functionalize material surfaces to inactivate infection-causing and biocide-resistant microbes including COVID-19. This review aims to introduce the fabrication of polymer-based antimicrobial surfaces through physical and chemical modifications, followed by the discussion of the inactivation mechanisms of conventional biocidal agents and new-generation antimicrobial macromolecules in polymer-modified antimicrobial surfaces. The advanced applications of polymer-based antimicrobial surfaces on personal protective equipment against COVID-19, food packaging materials, biomedical devices, marine vessels and textiles are also summarized to express the research trend in academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Nayli Erdeanna Binte Surat'man
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Justin Jian Qiang Mah
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chenyang Qu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore. .,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
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10
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Yin R, Zhao Y, Gorczyński A, Szczepaniak G, Sun M, Fu L, Kim K, Wu H, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Alternating Methyl Methacrylate/ n-Butyl Acrylate Copolymer Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1217-1223. [PMID: 36194204 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate) [P(MMA/BA)] copolymer with an alternating structure was synthesized via an activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical (co)polymerization (ATRP) of 2-ethylfenchyl methacrylate (EFMA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) with subsequent postpolymerization modifications (PPM). Due to the steric hindrance of the bulky pendant group of EFMA, as well as the low reactivity ratio of BA in copolymerization with methacrylates, copolymerization of EFMA and BA generated a copolymer with a high content of alternating dyads. A subsequent PPM procedure of the alternating EFMA/BA copolymer was comprised of the hydrolysis of a tertiary ester by trifluoroacetic acid and methylation by (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. After the modifications, the architecture of the obtained alternating MMA/BA copolymers was compared with gradient and statistical copolymers with overall similar compositions, molecular weights, and dispersities. 13C NMR indicated the absence of either MMA/MMA/MMA or BA/BA/BA sequences, in contrast to an abundance of homotriads in either the statistical or especially in the gradient copolymer. All three copolymers had similar glass transition temperatures, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), but the alternating copolymer had the narrowest range of glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.,Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mingkang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Khidong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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11
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McDermott ST, Ward SP, Vy NCH, Wang Z, Morales-Acosta MD, Dobrynin AV, Adamson DH. Surface-Initiated Passing-Through Polymerization on a Rubber Substrate: Supplying Monomer from Swollen Substrates. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T. McDermott
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Shawn P. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Ngoc Chau H. Vy
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Zilu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mayra Daniela Morales-Acosta
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Andrey V. Dobrynin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Douglas H. Adamson
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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12
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Mazinani A, Zare K, Moradi O, Attar H. Sulfonated calixarene modified Poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles:A promising adsorbent for Removal of Vanadium Ions from aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134459. [PMID: 35367226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based nanoparticle was synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and then post modified with Calixarene using (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane organo-silane as a linker after OH-treatment. The prepared structure was applied for efficient adsorption of Vanadium ions in the aqueous solution after characterization by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, DLS, and EDX. Additional investigations discovered that the prepared adsorbent has a good capacity to adsorb vanadium ions. The effect of key experimental factors was studied to find the optimal point of adsorbent efficiency including the initial concentration of analyte, sorbent dosage, pH of the solution, contact time, and type/quantity of the eluents. It was specified, the maximum adsorption capacity for the synthesized nanoparticles was obtained about 322 mg g-1. The adsorption mechanism was revealed that the model of Langmuir isotherm well-matched compared to the others due to the calculated equilibrium data. Besides, the kinetics of the adsorption process was fitted with pseudo-second-order. Eventually, the prepared adsorbent was successfully applied in vanadium adsorption from real water media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazinani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Attar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering and Technology Faculty, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Bouraoui H, Khemakhem A, Ben Romdhane MR, Tessier-Doyen N, Srasra E. Chemical Modification of Polyamide Thin-Film Composite Membrane by Surface Grafting of a Vinyl-Based Monomer. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x22020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Tu Y, Ren LF, Lin Y, Shao J, He Y. Restricted fiber contraction during amidoximation process for reinforced-concrete structured nanofiber sphere with superior Sb(V) adsorption capacity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127835. [PMID: 34839981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amidoxime-polyacrylonitrile (APAN) nanofiber possesses advantages of adsorbing heavy metals for abundant amidoxime groups. However, it easily suffers from poor mechanical property caused by fiber contraction during amidoximation process. Inspired by high mechanical strength of reinforced concrete, we embedded stiff polylactic acid (PLA) skeletons into PAN matrix to prepare reinforced-concrete structured nanofiber sphere (APAN/PLA NFS) through solution blending. Preparation parameters including polymer concentration and PAN/PLA ratio were optimized as 4.0% and 1:1, and coarse sphere surface, numerous mesopores and large pore volume (19.3 mL/g) were endowed. Scanning electron microscope results showed restricted fiber contraction with nitrile conversion of 58.1%. APAN/PLA NFS showed robust compressive strength of 3.28 MPa with strain of 80%, and X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter analysis revealed that crystalline PLA reinforced non-crystalline PAN through molecule-level compatibility. Compared with plain APAN sphere, Sb(V) adsorption from water for APAN/PLA NFS showed better performance with superhigh capacity of 949.7 mg/g and fast rate (equilibrium time of 2 h), which was owing to abundant mesopores preserved by PLA skeletons. These findings indicated that PLA was a promising skeletal candidate which could protect APAN from fiber contraction during amidoximation process and could strongly expand adsorption capacity of APAN for heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Tu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Long-Fei Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuanxin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiahui Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, PR China
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15
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Wei Y, Zhou H, Deng H, Ji W, Tian K, Ma Z, Zhang K, Fu Q. "Toolbox" for the Processing of Functional Polymer Composites. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 34918192 PMCID: PMC8677876 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The processing methods of functional polymer composites (FPCs) are systematically summarized in “Toolbox”. The relationship of processing method-structure-property is discussed and the selection and combination of tools in processing among different FPCs are analyzed. A promising prospect is provided regarding the design principle for high performance FPCs for further investigation. ABSTRACT Functional polymer composites (FPCs) have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities. These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix. In recent years, a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported, where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported. Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing, and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed. Herein, a “Toolbox” for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs. From this perspective, the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed, so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given. This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongju Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuyu Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ko Y, Truong VK, Woo SY, Dickey MD, Hsiao L, Genzer J. Counterpropagating Gradients of Antibacterial and Antifouling Polymer Brushes. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:424-430. [PMID: 34905339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the formation of counterpropagating density gradients in poly([2-dimethylaminoethyl] methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes featuring spatially varying quaternized and betainized units. Starting with PDMAEMA brushes with constant grafting density and degree of polymerization, we first generate a density gradient of quaternized units by directional vapor reaction involving methyl iodide. The unreacted DMAEMA units are then betainized through gaseous-phase betainization with 1,3-propanesultone. The gas reaction of PDMAEMA with 1,3-propanesultone eliminates the formation of byproducts present during the liquid-phase modification. We use the counterpropagating density gradients of quaternized and betainized PDMAEMA brushes in antibacterial and antifouling studies. Completely quaternized and betainized brushes exhibit antibacterial and antifouling behaviors. Samples containing 12% of quaternized and 85% of betainized units act simultaneously as antibacterial and antifouling surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongun Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States.,Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sun Young Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Lilian Hsiao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
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17
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Chen X, Michinobu T. Postpolymerization Modification: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis and Function Tuning of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 Ookayama, Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1 Ookayama, Meguro‐ku Tokyo 152‐8552 Japan
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18
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Kropidłowska P, Jurczyk-Kowalska M, Irzmańska E, Płociński T, Laskowski R. Effects of Composite Coatings Functionalized with Material Additives Applied on Textile Materials for Cut Resistant Protective Gloves. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226876. [PMID: 34832278 PMCID: PMC8620867 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different types of particles added to a polymer paste applied onto a textile carrier on the cut resistance of the resulting material. Knitted aramid textile samples were coated in laboratory conditions using a polymer paste that was functionalized with 12 types of reinforcing particles of different chemical compositions and size fractions. Cut resistance was tested in accordance with the standard EN ISO 13997:1999 and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. The effects of additive particles on the microstructure of the polymeric layer were assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The type and size of the particles affected the cut resistance of the functionalized knitted fabric. They were also found to change the morphology of the porous structure. Composite coatings containing the smallest additive particles exhibited the best cut resistance properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kropidłowska
- Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 48 Wierzbowa, 90-133 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Jurczyk-Kowalska
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-K.); (T.P.)
| | - Emilia Irzmańska
- Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 48 Wierzbowa, 90-133 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.-K.); (T.P.)
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19
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Liu X, Xiao M, Xue K, Li M, Liu D, Wang Y, Yang X, Hu Y, Kwok RTK, Qin A, Zhu C, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Heteroaromatic Hyperbranched Polyelectrolytes: Multicomponent Polyannulation and Photodynamic Biopatterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Minghui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ke Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Mingzhao Li
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xinzhe Yang
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu Guangzhou 510530 China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials China
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20
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Liu X, Xiao M, Xue K, Li M, Liu D, Wang Y, Yang X, Hu Y, Kwok RTK, Qin A, Zhu C, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Heteroaromatic Hyperbranched Polyelectrolytes: Multicomponent Polyannulation and Photodynamic Biopatterning. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19222-19231. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Minghui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ke Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Mingzhao Li
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Xinzhe Yang
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction Institute for Advanced Study Division of Biomedical Engineering Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu Guangzhou 510530 China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials China
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21
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Ehtiati K, Z. Moghaddam S, Daugaard AE, Thormann E. Crucial Nonelectrostatic Effects on Polyelectrolyte Brush Behavior. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koosha Ehtiati
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Saeed Z. Moghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anders E. Daugaard
- Danish Polymer Center, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Esben Thormann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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22
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Akine S. Control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules by ligand exchange. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4429-4444. [PMID: 33877165 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the control of guest binding behavior of metal-containing host molecules that is driven by ligand exchange reactions at the metal centers. Recently, a vast number of metal-containing host molecules including metal-assisted self-assembled structures have been developed, and the structural transformation after construction of the host framework has now been of interest from the viewpoint of functional switching and tuning. Among the various kinds of chemical transformations, ligand exchange has a great advantage in the structural conversions of metal-containing hosts, because ligand exchange usually proceeds under mild conditions that do not affect the host framework. In this review, the structural transformations are classified into three types: (1) weak-link approach, (2) subcomponent substitution, and (3) post-metalation modification, according to the type of coordination motif. The control of their guest binding behavior by the structural transformations is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehisa Akine
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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23
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Faubel JL, Wei W, Curtis JE. Sculpting Enzyme-Generated Giant Polymer Brushes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4268-4276. [PMID: 33617223 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple yet versatile method for sculpting ultra-thick, enzyme-generated hyaluronan polymer brushes with light. The patterning mechanism is indirect, driven by reactive oxygen species created by photochemical interactions with the underlying substrate. The reactive oxygen species disrupt the enzyme hyaluronan synthase, which acts as the growth engine and anchor of the end-grafted polymers. Spatial control over the grafting density is achieved through inactivation of the enzyme in an energy density dose-dependent manner, before or after polymerization of the brush. Quantitative variation of the brush height is possible using visible wavelengths and illustrated by the creation of a brush gradient ranging from 0 to 6 μm in height over a length of 56 μm (approximately a 90 nm height increase per micron). Building upon the fundamental insights presented in this study, this work lays the foundation for the flexible and quantitative sculpting of complex three-dimensional landscapes in enzyme-generated hyaluronan brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Faubel
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wenbin Wei
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jennifer E Curtis
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, 315 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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24
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Huang Y, Xue X, Fu K. Application of spherical polyelectrolyte brushes microparticle system in flocculation and retention. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040746. [PMID: 32231100 PMCID: PMC7240434 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a microparticle system consisting of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and anionic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (ASPB) is proposed to improve the retention of pulp suspension containing bleached reed kraft pulp and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). We first describe the preparation of ASPB. The ASPB, consisting of a carbon sphere (CS) core and a shell of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSSNa) brushes, was synthesized by surface-initiated polymerization. The structure and morphology of ASPB were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, flocculation and retention of pulp suspension by a CPAM/ASPB dual-component system were examined. Our results indicate that more highly effective flocculation and higher retention efficiency could be achieved simultaneously by a CPAM/ASPB dual-component system when compared to the conventional microparticle system. Bridging flocculation and electrostatic attraction might be the main flocculation mechanism for CPAM/ASPB systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaogang Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kaiqiao Fu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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25
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Vales TP, Jee JP, Lee WY, Cho S, Lee GM, Kim HJ, Kim JS. Development of Poly(2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine)-Functionalized Hydrogels for Reducing Protein and Bacterial Adsorption. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E943. [PMID: 32093241 PMCID: PMC7079665 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of hydrogels with intrinsic antifouling properties was prepared via surface-functionalization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [p(HEMA)]-based hydrogels with the biomembrane-mimicking zwitterionic polymer, poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) [p(MPC)]. The p(MPC)-modified hydrogels have enhanced surface wettability, high water content retention (61.0%-68.3%), and good transmittance (>90%). Notably, the presence of zwitterionic MPC moieties at the hydrogel surfaces lowered the adsorption of proteins such as lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) by 73%-74% and 59%-66%, respectively, and reduced bacterial adsorption by approximately 10%-73% relative to the unmodified control. The anti-biofouling properties of the p(MPC)-functionalized hydrogels are largely attributed to the dense hydration layer formed at the hydrogel surfaces by the zwitterionic moieties. Overall, the results demonstrate that biocompatible and antifouling hydrogels based on p(HEMA)-p(MPC) structures have promising potential for application in biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temmy Pegarro Vales
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (T.P.V.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Caraga State University, Butuan City 8600, Philippines
| | - Jun-Pil Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (J.-P.J.); (W.Y.L.)
| | - Won Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (J.-P.J.); (W.Y.L.)
| | - Sung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Gye Myung Lee
- Department of Carbon Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (T.P.V.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Carbon Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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26
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Ko Y, Christau S, von Klitzing R, Genzer J. Charge Density Gradients of Polymer Thin Film by Gaseous Phase Quaternization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:158-162. [PMID: 35638676 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report on the rapid formation of charge density gradients in polymer films by exposing poly([2-dimethylaminoethyl] methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) films resting on flat silica substrates to methyl iodide (i.e., MI, also known as iodomethane) vapors. We adjust the charge gradient by varying the MI concentration in solution and the process time. The thickness of the parent PDMAEMA film does not affect the diffusion of MI through and the reaction kinetics in the films. Instead, the diffusion of MI through the gaseous phase constitutes the limiting step in the overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongun Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Stephanie Christau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Regine von Klitzing
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States.,Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0808, Japan
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27
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Abstract
The visible light-trigged para-fluoro-thiol ligation is demonstrated for first time by using the photogeneration of a superbase DBU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Vinh X. Truong
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
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28
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29
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Yu K, Liang Y, Ma G, Yang L, Wang TJ. Coupling of synthesis and modification to produce hydrophobic or functionalized nano-silica particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Wang J, Klok H. Swelling‐Induced Chain Stretching Enhances Hydrolytic Degrafting of Hydrophobic Polymer Brushes in Organic Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9989-9993. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesLaboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Harm‐Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesLaboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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31
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Wang J, Klok H. Swelling‐Induced Chain Stretching Enhances Hydrolytic Degrafting of Hydrophobic Polymer Brushes in Organic Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesLaboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Harm‐Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie ChimiquesLaboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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32
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Wang CG, Yong HW, Goto A. Effective Synthesis of Patterned Polymer Brushes with Tailored Multiple Graft Densities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14478-14484. [PMID: 30938500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an effective method to prepare patterned polymer brushes on surfaces with tailored graft densities. High-density (concentrated), moderate-density (semidiluted), and low-density (diluted) polymer brushes were fabricated in patterned manners, offering defined three-dimensional patterned structures. This method uses a middle/near-UV (≥250 nm) lamp and needs only a short time (≤10 min) to fabricate prepatterns of the initiator, in sharp contrast to the previous high-energy lithography and time-consuming processes. The obtained patterned brush served as a molecular (protein) repellent/adsorptive interface based on a graft-density-dependent size-exclusion effect. This method is facile and accessible to wide ranges of tunable density and pattern shapes, which are attractive for extensive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Hui Wen Yong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
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33
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Giussi JM, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Azzaroni O. Practical use of polymer brushes in sustainable energy applications: interfacial nanoarchitectonics for high-efficiency devices. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:814-849. [PMID: 30543263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00705e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of novel approaches, materials and manufacturing processes in the field of energy are compelling increasing recognition as a major challenge for contemporary societies. The performance and lifetime of energy devices are critically dependent on nanoscale interfacial phenomena. From the viewpoint of materials design, the improvement of current technologies inevitably relies on gaining control over the complex interface between dissimilar materials. In this sense, interfacial nanoarchitectonics with polymer brushes has seen growing interest due to its potential to overcome many of the limitations of energy storage and conversion devices. Polymer brushes offer a broad variety of resources to manipulate interfacial properties and gain molecular control over the synergistic combination of materials. Many recent examples show that the rational integration of polymer brushes in hybrid nanoarchitectures greatly improves the performance of energy devices in terms of power density, lifetime and stability. Seen in this light, polymer brushes provide a new perspective from which to consider the development of hybrid materials and devices with improved functionalities. The aim of this review is therefore to focus on what polymer brush-based solutions can offer and to show how the practical use of surface-grafted polymer layers can improve the performance and efficiency of fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, organic radical batteries, supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical cells and photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Diagonal 113 y 64 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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34
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Reese CM, Thompson BJ, Logan PK, Stafford CM, Blanton M, Patton DL. Sequential and one-pot post-polymerization modification reactions of thiolactone-containing polymer brushes. Polym Chem 2019; 10:10.1039/c9py01123d. [PMID: 32117471 PMCID: PMC7047779 DOI: 10.1039/c9py01123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thiolactone chemistry has garnered significant attention as a powerful post-polymerization modification (PPM) route to mutlifunctional polymeric materials. Here, we apply this versatile chemistry to the fabrication of ultrathin, multifunctional polymer surfaces via aminolysis and thiol-mediated double modifications of thiolactone-containing polymer brushes. Polymer brush surfaces were synthesized via microwave-assisted surface-initiated polymerization of DL-homocysteine thiolactone acrylamide. Aminolysis and thiol-Michael double modifications of the thiolactone-functional brush were explored using both sequential and one-pot reactions with bromobenzyl amine and 1H,1H-perfluoro-N-decyl acrylate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and argon gas cluster ion sputter depth profiling enabled quantitative comparison of the sequential and one-pot PPM routes with regard to conversion and spatial distribution of functional groups immobilized throughout thickness of the brush. While one-pot conditions proved to be more effective in immobilizing the amine and acrylate within the brush, the sequenital reaction enabled the fabrication of multifunctional, micropattterned brush surfaces using reactive microcontact printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Reese
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Brittany J Thompson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Phillip K Logan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Christopher M Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Michael Blanton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Derek L Patton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
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35
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Wang YS, Bai S, Wang YY, Han YF. Process-tracing study on the post-assembly modification of poly-NHC-based metallosupramolecular cylinders with tunable aggregation-induced emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13689-13692. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A process-tracing and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) study of a covalent post-assembly modification (PAM) process of the AuI–CNHC cylinders was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi’an 710127
- P. R. China
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36
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Barrow AS, Smedley CJ, Zheng Q, Li S, Dong J, Moses JE. The growing applications of SuFEx click chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4731-4758. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00960k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SuFEx (Sulfur Fluoride Exchange) is a modular, next generation family of click reactions, geared towards the rapid and reliable assembly of functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Barrow
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - C. J. Smedley
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Q. Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Scripps Research Institute
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - S. Li
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - J. Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - J. E. Moses
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science
- La Trobe University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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37
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Synthesis of zinc(II) complex-containing thermo-responsive copolymer based on activated ester functionalization and its catalysis application. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Gumerov RA, Potemkin II. Swelling of Planar Polymer Brushes in Solvent Vapors. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s181123821802011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Coiai S, Passaglia E, Cicogna F. Post-polymerization modification by nitroxide radical coupling. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coiai
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pisa Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pisa Italy
| | - Francesca Cicogna
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pisa Italy
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40
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Polyamide thin-film composite membrane modified with persulfate for improvement of perm-selectivity and chlorine-resistance. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Lee KM, Kim KH, Yoon H, Kim H. Chemical Design of Functional Polymer Structures for Biosensors: From Nanoscale to Macroscale. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E551. [PMID: 30966585 PMCID: PMC6415446 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, biosensors, a class of physicochemical detectors sensitive to biological analytes, have drawn increasing interest, particularly in light of growing concerns about human health. Functional polymeric materials have been widely researched for sensing applications because of their structural versatility and significant progress that has been made concerning their chemistry, as well as in the field of nanotechnology. Polymeric nanoparticles are conventionally used in sensing applications due to large surface area, which allows rapid and sensitive detection. On the macroscale, hydrogels are crucial materials for biosensing applications, being used in many wearable or implantable devices as a biocompatible platform. The performance of both hydrogels and nanoparticles, including sensitivity, response time, or reversibility, can be significantly altered and optimized by changing their chemical structures; this has encouraged us to overview and classify chemical design strategies. Here, we have organized this review into two main sections concerning the use of nanoparticles and hydrogels (as polymeric structures) for biosensors and described chemical approaches in relevant subcategories, which act as a guide for general synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyung Ho Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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42
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Aden B, Street DP, Hopkins BW, Lokitz BS, Kilbey SM. Tailoring Surface Properties through in Situ Functionality Gradients in Reactively Modified Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5204-5213. [PMID: 29693402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Generating physical or chemical gradients in thin-film scaffolds is an efficient approach for screening and optimizing an interfacial structure or chemical functionality to create tailored surfaces that are useful because of their wetting, antifouling, or barrier properties. The relationship between the structure of poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) brushes created by the preferential assembly of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)- block-PVDMA diblock copolymers and the ability to chemically modify the PVDMA chains in situ to create a gradient in functionality are examined to investigate how the extent of functionalization affects the interfacial and surface properties. The introduction of a chemical gradient by controlled immersion allows reactive modification to generate position-dependent properties that are assessed by ellipsometry, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy imaging. After functionalization of the azlactone rings with n-alkyl amines, ellipsometry confirms an increase in thickness and contact angle measurements support an increase in hydrophobicity along the substrate. These results are used to establish relationships between layer thickness, reaction time, position, and the extent of functionalization and demonstrate that gradual immersion into the functionalizing solution results in a linear change in chemical functionality along the surface. These findings broadly support efforts to produce tailored surfaces by in situ chemical modification, having application as tailored membranes, protein resistant surfaces, or sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bradley S Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
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43
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Murugan P, Ramar P, Mandal AB, Samanta D. Polymer brush on surface with tunable hydrophilicity using SAM formation of zwitterionic 4-vinylpyridine-based polymer. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02971c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A zwitterionic vinylpyridine-based polymeric SAM was assembled on different surfaces to obtain tunable hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Murugan
- Polymer Science & Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI)
- Chennai-600020
- India
| | - P. Ramar
- Polymer Science & Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI)
- Chennai-600020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
- CSIR-CGCRI
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science & Technology Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR-CLRI)
- Chennai-600020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- India
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44
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Roberts DA, Pilgrim BS, Nitschke JR. Covalent post-assembly modification in metallosupramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:626-644. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00907g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the growing variety of covalent reactions used to achieve the post-assembly modification of self-assembled metallosupramolecular complexes.
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45
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Zhao J, Gao F, Pujari SP, Zuilhof H, Teplyakov AV. Universal Calibration of Computationally Predicted N 1s Binding Energies for Interpretation of XPS Experimental Measurements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10792-10799. [PMID: 28921989 PMCID: PMC5702496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Computationally predicted N 1s core level energies are commonly used to interpret the experimental measurements obtained with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This work compares the application of Koopmans' theorem to core electrons using the B3LYP functional with two commonly used basis sets, analyzes the factors relevant to the comparison of the computational with experimental data, and presents several correlations that allow an accurate prediction of the N 1s binding energy. The first correlation is obtained with a series of known nitrogen-containing functional groups on well-characterized organic monolayers. This approach can then be reliably extended to a number of nitrogen-containing chemical systems on silicon surfaces in which the nature of the chemical environment of nitrogen atoms had only been proposed based on a number of analytical techniques. In most of those cases, the XPS analysis is consistent with the proposed structures, but is not always sufficient for conclusive assignments. Third, it was attempted to also include N-containing systems on metals. Despite the admittedly oversimplified approach taken in this case (the metal surface is approximated by a single atom), the observed correlations are still experimentally useful, although in this case significant outliers are found. Finally, previously published correlations between experimental and theoretical C 1s data were reexamined, yielding a set of correlations that allow experimentalists to predict C 1s and N 1s XPS spectra with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew V. Teplyakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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46
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Chen WL, Cordero R, Tran H, Ober CK. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymer Brushes: Novel Surfaces for Future Materials. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Roselynn Cordero
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hai Tran
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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47
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Jiao Y, Niu LN, Ma S, Li J, Tay FR, Chen JH. Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance. Prog Polym Sci 2017; 71:53-90. [PMID: 32287485 PMCID: PMC7111226 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial infections affect humans worldwide. Many quaternary ammonium compounds have been synthesized that are not only antibacterial, but also possess antifungal, antiviral and anti-matrix metalloproteinase capabilities. Incorporation of quaternary ammonium moieties into polymers represents one of the most promising strategies for preparation of antimicrobial biomaterials. Various polymerization techniques have been employed to prepare antimicrobial surfaces with quaternary ammonium functionalities; in particular, syntheses involving controlled radical polymerization techniques enable precise control over macromolecular structure, order and functionality. Although recent publications report exciting advances in the biomedical field, some of these technological developments have also been accompanied by potential toxicological and antimicrobial resistance challenges. Recent evidenced-based data on the biomedical applications of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium-containing biomaterials that are based on randomized human clinical trials, the golden standard in contemporary medicinal science, are included in the present review. This should help increase visibility, stimulate debates and spur conversations within a wider scientific community on the implications and plausibility for future developments of quaternary ammonium-based antimicrobial biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Army General Hospital, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Xijing Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding authors.
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48
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Yandi W, Mieszkin S, Callow ME, Callow JA, Finlay JA, Liedberg B, Ederth T. Antialgal activity of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes against the marine alga Ulva. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:169-183. [PMID: 28151007 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1281409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine biofouling has detrimental effects on the environment and economy, and current antifouling coatings research is aimed at environmentally benign, non-toxic materials. The possibility of using contact-active coatings is explored, by considering the antialgal activity of cationic poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) brushes. The antialgal activity was investigated via zoospore settlement and sporeling growth assays of the marine algae Ulva linza and U. lactuca. The assay results for PDMAEMA brushes were compared to those for anionic and neutral surfaces. It was found that only PDMAEMA could disrupt zoospores that come into contact with it, and that it also inhibits the subsequent growth of normally settled spores. Based on the spore membrane properties, and characterization of the PDMAEMA brushes over a wide pH range, it is hypothesized that the algicidal mechanisms are similar to the bactericidal mechanisms of cationic polymers, and that further development could lead to successful contact-active antialgal coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wetra Yandi
- a Division of Molecular Physics , IFM, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Sophie Mieszkin
- b School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Maureen E Callow
- b School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - James A Callow
- b School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - John A Finlay
- b School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Bo Liedberg
- a Division of Molecular Physics , IFM, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
- c Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Thomas Ederth
- a Division of Molecular Physics , IFM, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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49
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Aden B, Kite CM, Hopkins BW, Zetterberg A, Lokitz BS, Ankner JF, Kilbey SM. Assessing Chemical Transformation of Reactive, Interfacial Thin Films Made of End-Tethered Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) Chains. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Aden
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Camille M. Kite
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Anna Zetterberg
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bradley S. Lokitz
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John F. Ankner
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - S. Michael Kilbey
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and ∥Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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