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Wei Z, He W, Liu Z, Lin Y, Wang M, Li L, Wu C, Yang S, Liu G, Yang R. Orthogonal Radical and Cationic Single-Unit Monomer Insertions for Engineering Polymer Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402265. [PMID: 38760991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The single-unit monomer insertion (SUMI), derived from living/controlled polymerization, can be directly functionalized at the end or within the chain of polymers prepared by living/controlled polymerization, offering potential applications in the preparation of polymers with complex architectures. Many scenarios demand the simultaneous incorporation of monomers suitable for different polymerization methods into complex polymers. Therefore, it becomes imperative to utilize SUMI technologies with diverse mechanisms, especially those that are compatible with each other. Here, we reported the orthogonal SUMI technique, seamlessly combining radical and cationic SUMI approaches. Through the careful optimization of monomer and chain transfer agent pairs and adjustments to reaction conditions, we can efficiently execute both radical and cationic SUMI processes in one pot without mutual interference. The utilization of orthogonal SUMI pairs facilitates the integration of radical and cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in various configurations. This flexibility enables the synthesis of diblock, triblock, and star polymers that incorporate both cationically and radically polymerizable monomers. Moreover, we have successfully implemented a mixing mechanism of free radicals and cations in RAFT step-growth polymerization, resulting in the creation of a side-chain sequence-controlled polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yating Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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Ntetsikas K, Ladelta V, Bhaumik S, Hadjichristidis N. Quo Vadis Carbanionic Polymerization? ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:158-181. [PMID: 37065716 PMCID: PMC10103213 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living anionic polymerization will soon celebrate 70 years of existence. This living polymerization is considered the mother of all living and controlled/living polymerizations since it paved the way for their discovery. It provides methodologies for synthesizing polymers with absolute control of the essential parameters that affect polymer properties, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, composition and microstructure, chain-end/in-chain functionality, and architecture. This precise control of living anionic polymerization generated tremendous fundamental and industrial research activities, developing numerous important commodity and specialty polymers. In this Perspective, we present the high importance of living anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers by providing some examples of its significant achievements, presenting its current status, giving several insights into where it is going (Quo Vadis) and what the future holds for this powerful synthetic method. Furthermore, we attempt to explore its advantages and disadvantages compared to controlled/living radical polymerizations, the main competitors of living carbanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Viko Ladelta
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saibal Bhaumik
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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von Tiedemann P, Yan J, Barent RD, Spontak RJ, Floudas G, Frey H, Register RA. Tapered Multiblock Star Copolymers: Synthesis, Selective Hydrogenation, and Properties. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Tiedemann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Olden Street, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, United States
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 North Carolina, United States
| | - Ramona D. Barent
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center, Forum Universitatis 2, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 North Carolina, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695 North Carolina, United States
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Olden Street, Princeton, 08544 New Jersey, United States
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von Tiedemann P, Maciol K, Preis J, Sajkiewicz P, Frey H. Rapid one-pot synthesis of tapered star copolymers via ultra-fast coupling of polystyryllithium chain ends. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient coupling of sterically demanding polystyryllithium (PS-Li) chain ends is achieved using tetra[3-(chloro-dimethylsilyl)propyl]silane (TCDMSPS) as a linking agent. This general approach is employed for the rapid synthesis of tapered star copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Tiedemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz
| | - Kamil Maciol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jasmin Preis
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH
- 55120 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Paweł Sajkiewicz
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 02-106 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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9
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Burns AB, Register RA. Strategies for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Star Polymers by Anionic Polymerization with Chlorosilane Coupling and Preservation of the Star Architecture during Catalytic Hydrogenation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Burns
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Theodosopoulos GV, Hurley CM, Mays JW, Sakellariou G, Baskaran D. Trifunctional organolithium initiator for living anionic polymerization in hydrocarbon solvents in the absence of polar additives. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00720a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of well-defined three-arm star homopolymers of polystyrene and polyisoprene with a novel trifunctional anionic initiator in hydrocarbon solvents without the addition of polar additives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Georgios Sakellariou
- Department of Chemistry
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- 15771 Athens
- Greece
| | - Durairaj Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
- EMD Performance Materials USA Corp
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Fleischmann C, Wöhlk H, Ritter H. End group functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol) with phenolphthalein: towards star-shaped polymers based on supramolecular interactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2263-9. [PMID: 25298793 PMCID: PMC4187025 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a new phenolphthalein azide derivative, which can be easily utilized in polymer analogous reactions, is presented. The subsequent cycloaddition reaction with propargyl-functionalized methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) yielded polymers bearing phenolphthalein as the covalently attached end group. In presence of per-β-cyclodextrin-dipentaerythritol, the formation of stable inclusion complexes was observed, representing an interesting approach towards the formation of star shaped polymers. The decolorization of a basic polymer solution caused by the complexation was of great advantage since this behavior enabled following the complex formation by UV-vis spectroscopy and even the naked eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Fleischmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hendrik Wöhlk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helmut Ritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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