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Pan K, Wei X, Zhu Z, Liu C, Yang B. Si-doped carbonized polymer dot as robust hydrophilic coating using for high efficiency antifogging. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 672:477-485. [PMID: 38852350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophilic coating can prevent surface from fogging but its application is limited by low mechanical performance. In this study, a hydrophilic coating was prepared by crosslinking the Si-doped carbonized polymer dot (Si-CPD) with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and ethylene oxide (EO). The hydrophilic coating can be used as robust hydrophilic anti-fogging coating. The Si-CPD derived from ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and aminopropyl oligosiloxanes (APOS) was successfully prepared via one-step hydrothermal method. Then, a resin solution was prepared by mixing Si-CPD, GPTMS and EO. Epoxy group of GPTMS and EO can react with amino group of Si-CPD. Finally, a composite coating with antifogging function can be obtained by simple heating curing. Due to the introduction of hydroxyl which derived from EO, the coating shows excellent antifogging performance. Meanwhile, the presence of inorganic component endows the coating with outstanding mechanical performance. The coating has great potential in related applications, such as optical lenses, mirrors and other transparency substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Swann N, Tang K, Nam J, Lee J, Domin M, Shaw TE, Kozimor SA, Som S, Lee KL. Intermolecular C-H silylations of arenes and heteroarenes with mono-, bis-, and tris(trimethylsiloxy)hydrosilanes: control of silane redistribution under operationally diverse approaches. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11912-11918. [PMID: 39092102 PMCID: PMC11290416 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient catalytic protocols for C-H silylations of arenes and heteroarenes with sterically and electronically different hydrosiloxysilanes are disclosed. The silylations are catalyzed by a well-defined Rh-complex (1 mol%), derived from [Rh(1,5-hexadiene)Cl]2 and a bulky BINAP type ligand. This catalyst not only promotes C-Si bond formation affording the desired products in up to 95% isolated yield, but also can suppress the silane redistribution side reactions of HSiMe2(OTMS). The protocol can also be applied for the C-H silylations of more reactive HSiMe(OTMS)2 with a much lower catalyst loading (0.25 mol%) and even with sterically demanding HSi(OTMS)3. The steric bulk of the arene substituent and hydrosiloxysilane is a major factor in determining the regioselectivity and electronic effect as secondary. The current method can be performed under operationally diverse conditions: with/without a hydrogen scavenger or solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Swann
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry 4111 Libra Drive, PSB #255 Orlando FL USA 32816
| | - Kiki Tang
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry 4111 Libra Drive, PSB #255 Orlando FL USA 32816
| | - Jihyeon Nam
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry 4111 Libra Drive, PSB #255 Orlando FL USA 32816
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry 4111 Libra Drive, PSB #255 Orlando FL USA 32816
| | - Marek Domin
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Boston College 245 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Thomas E Shaw
- Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Salina Som
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry 4111 Libra Drive, PSB #255 Orlando FL USA 32816
| | - Kangsang L Lee
- University of Central Florida, Department of Chemistry 4111 Libra Drive, PSB #255 Orlando FL USA 32816
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3
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Xiao Q, Guo D, He J, Zhang M, He S, Huang S. Preparation and chromatographic evaluation of 9-oxa-10-phosphophenanthrene 10-oxide bonded phenyl stationary phase and investigation of its retention mechanism through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342735. [PMID: 38816164 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In reversed-phase liquid chromatography, the C18 alkyl bonded phase, as the primary stationary phase, is widely used in pharmaceutical and food analysis. The phenyl bonded phase often serves as a complementary choice to the C18 phase to enhance the separation performance of specific categories of compounds. However, both C18 and the currently available phenyl bonded phase chromatography columns show room for further optimization in improving the separation efficiency of specific compound classes, such as dihydroflavonoids. Additionally, the potential role and impact of introducing phosphorus groups into chromatographic stationary phases have not been fully explored, indicating a promising direction for research. RESULTS In the present work, we prepared a novel phenyl stationary phase by bonding 9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide onto silica gel. The obtained material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The results show that 9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide was successfully bonded on the silica surface with a load of 3.90 %. Further chromatographic characterization in high-performance liquid chromatography exhibited high column efficiency (40,792 plates m-1 for the determination of biphenyl) and good stability (RSD of 0.28 %∼5.38 %). Moreover, we made a detailed study of the column separation mechanism by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy titration experiment. Comparing to commercial phenyl column, the proposed stationary phase showed shorter retention time and higher throughput. In addition, the stationary phase has a strong ability to separate multiple types of compounds, which provides a new strategy for the separation of complex samples, such as active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. SIGNIFICANCE We have developed a novel phenyl column and conducted a comprehensive examination of its chromatographic performance, demonstrating excellent separation capabilities and high efficiency for both nonpolar and moderately polar aromatic compounds. Additionally, we explored the impact of phosphorus-containing groups on the separation performance of chromatographic stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 3152111, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jing He
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 3152111, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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4
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Nemec M, Hauser SB, Rentsch D, Pagotti João GM, Kuerten LC, Adilien N, Huber L, Stojanovic A, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Hyperbranched, Functional Polyethoxysiloxanes: Tunable Molecular Building Blocks. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:7088-7101. [PMID: 38961861 PMCID: PMC11217919 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Functional silanes are multifaceted cross-linkers, compatibilizers, coupling agents, and surface modifiers. Herein, we present organofunctional polysiloxane building blocks that offer great versatility in terms of molecular weight, degree of condensation, and the choice and loading of organic substituent groups. The organofunctional polyethoxysilanes (funPEOS) are prepared in a one-pot, two-step process: synthesis of the PEOS carrier/substrate, followed by grafting a functional silane "shell", both based on condensation with acetic anhydride. The reaction was optimized at the lab scale and scaled up to a 7 L reactor. The acetylation, condensation, and hyperbranched structure of the carrier were confirmed by 29Si NMR, while 29Si-29Si 2D INADEQUATE NMR provides strong evidence for the grafting of functional silanes onto the carrier (Q-T coupling). IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that the functional groups remain intact. The molar mass can be tailored by stoichiometric control of the acetic anhydride to silane monomer ratio (M n 3500-20,000 g/mol). The compounds are stable organic liquids with a long shelf life. Selected applications are presented: scratch-resistant coatings with water contact angles of ∼90°, stable water emulsions, and surfactant-free, mesoporous silica foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nemec
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie B. Hauser
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel M. Pagotti João
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Lilli C. Kuerten
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Nour Adilien
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Huber
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ana Stojanovic
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
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5
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Wei Y, Qu S, Li X, Chen J, Wen Z, Li Q, Wang W. Ammonium Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate: Preparation and Application in Olefin Coordination Polymerization as the Cocatalyst Compound. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1689. [PMID: 38932039 PMCID: PMC11207295 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metallocene catalysts have attracted much attention from academia and industry for their excellent catalytic activity in the field of olefin polymerization. Cocatalysts play a key role in metallocene catalytic systems, which can not only affect the overall catalytic activity, but also have an obvious influence on the structure and properties of the polymer. Although methylaluminoxane (MAO) is currently the most widely used cocatalyst, its price increases the production cost of polyolefin materials. Ammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate has shown excellent performance in polymerization, being one of the best substitutes for the traditional cocatalyst MAO. Compared with the main catalyst, whose composition and structure are relatively complex, the research on cocatalyst is very limited. This review mainly introduces the research history, preparation methods, and application progress in polymerization of ammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, deepening our understanding of the role of cocatalyst in polymerization, with the hope of inspiring brand-new thinking on improving and enhancing the overall performance of catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., No. 14 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100013, China; (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (X.L.); (J.C.); (Z.W.); (Q.L.)
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6
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Sima W, Yang Y, Sun P, Shi Y, Yuan T, Yang M, Xiong H, Tang X, Niu C. Self-Reporting Microsensors Inspired by Noctiluca Scintillans for Small-Defect Positioning and Electrical-Stress Visualization in Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313254. [PMID: 38459423 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Small defects induce concentrated electrical stress in dielectric polymers, leading to premature failure of materials. Existing sensing methods fail to effectively visualize these defects owing to the invisible-energy state of the electric field. Thus, it is necessary to establish a nondestructive method for the real-time detection of small defects in dielectric polymers. In this study, a self-reporting microsensor (SRM) inspired by Noctiluca scintillans is designed to endow materials with the ability of self-detection for defects and electrical stress. The SRM leverages the energy of a nearby electric field to emit measurable fluorescence, enabling defect localization and diagnosis as well as electrical-stress visualization. A controllable dielectric microsphere is constructed to achieve an adjustable electroluminescence threshold for the SRM, thereby increasing its detection accuracy while decreasing the electroluminescence threshold. The potential degradation in the polymer performance owing to SRM implantation is addressed by assembling long molecular chains on the SRM surface to spontaneously generate an interpenetrating network. Results of finite element analyses and experiments demonstrate that the SRM can effectively realize nondestructive visualization and positioning of small defects and concentrated electrical stress in polymers, positioning it as a promising sensing method for monitoring the electric field and charge distribution in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Sima
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Potao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yuning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hongbo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Chaolu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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7
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Chen H, Wang E, Liang Y, Miao Y, Zhou Z, Ling M, Huang J, Zhang W. Influence of bio-coupling agent on interfacial interlocking compatibility and toughness of ultrafine bamboo charcoal/polylactic acid composite film. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128918. [PMID: 38134986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Applications for polylactic acid (PLA) are significantly impacted by its poor mechanical properties and lack of thermal stability. The goal of this work is to bridge the gap of poor compatibility among the components and enhance their interface interlocking capability to improve the toughness and thermal stability. Ultrafine bamboo charcoal (UFBC) was treated through deep eutectic solvent (DES) method to deposit sodium lignosulfonate (LS) on its surface. LS was used with PLA as a bio-coupling agent to create an eco-friendly PLA composite film with a wide range of characteristics. Benefiting from the penetration of PLA to the internal pores in UFBC, the resultant L-UFBC/PLA film has a good mechanical interlocking structure. Ls can increase the compatibility and strengthen the interface interlocking capability through DES method, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of the system. In comparison to pure PLA one, the elongation at break was 136.24 % greater, and the crystallinity (Xc) increased from 1.09 % to 3.33 %. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the system was also improved, and the residual at 600 °C rose by 4.83 %. These characteristics offer the prepared L-UFBC/PLA film a wide range of potential applications in the packaging, medical, agricultural, and other sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Enfu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yipeng Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yu Miao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zenan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Mengyao Ling
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jingda Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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8
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Kim S, Yi JH, Hong H, Choi SI, Kim D, Kim MO. Interfacial Bond Properties of Underwater Concrete Coated with Bisphenol A Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4290. [PMID: 37959970 PMCID: PMC10647456 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated changes in the interfacial properties of epoxy-coated concrete exposed to various conditions, regarding the epoxy type, coating equipment, and exposure environment and period. The measured coating thickness and pull-off bond strength exhibited diverse trends, depending on the exposure period and conditions. In the real sea (RS) environment, the average bond strengths for bisphenol A (BPA) (E1), BPA with zinc powder (E2), and BPA with cresyl glycidyl ether (E3) were 1.26, 1.93, and 1.92 MPa, respectively. The coating method did not significantly affect the measured coating thickness and strength values. The conventional roller (D1) exhibited the highest thickness variation, with a value of 214.45 μm. The RS condition significantly increased the coating thickness (34% to 158%) compared to the tap water (TW) condition. The exposure conditions had little impact on bond strength except for E3, which showed an increased strength (2.71 MPa) over 7-91 days, especially under RS conditions, while E2 remained constant at approximately 1.82 MPa. This study offers insights into factors influencing marine concrete coating performance and discusses limitations and future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Kim
- Ocean Space Development and Energy Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.H.); (S.I.C.)
| | - Jin-Hak Yi
- Ocean Space Development and Energy Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.H.); (S.I.C.)
| | - Hyemin Hong
- Ocean Space Development and Energy Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.H.); (S.I.C.)
| | - Seoung Ik Choi
- Ocean Space Development and Energy Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.-H.Y.); (H.H.); (S.I.C.)
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Ook Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea;
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9
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Delaite C, Bistac S, Rusu D. Influence of Block-Copolymers' Composition as Compatibilizers for Epoxy/Silicone Blends. Molecules 2023; 28:6300. [PMID: 37687128 PMCID: PMC10488889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare crosslinked epoxy networks containing liquid silicone particles in order to improve their mechanical properties and obtain less brittle materials. Different copolymers were used as compatibilizers. These copolymers vary in their chemical composition and structure. All of the copolymers contain hydrophobic (PDMS sequences) and hydrophilic groups. The effect of their chemical structure and architecture on the morphology of the dispersed phase, and on the final physico-chemical and flexural characteristics of epoxy/silicone blends, was explored. The morphology of crosslinked formulations was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the thermal characteristics (glass transition temperature, Tg, and curing exothermic peak) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results have shown that the average diameter and particle size distribution of silicone particles depend on the chemical structure and architecture of the compatibilizers. One copolymer has been identified as the best compatibilizer, allowing a lower mean diameter and particle size distribution in addition to the best mechanical properties of the final network (less brittle character). This study has consequently evidenced the possibility of creating in situ silicone capsules inside an epoxy network by adding tailored compatibilizers to epoxy/silicone formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Delaite
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d’Ingenierie Macromoleculaires (LPIM EA 4567), Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France; (S.B.); (D.R.)
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10
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Xu M, Li B, Li X, Fan Z, Ren D. Study of the Self-Polymerization of Epoxy/Phthalonitrile Copolymers and Their High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Laminates. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3516. [PMID: 37688142 PMCID: PMC10490253 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-polymerization epoxy/phthalonitrile (APPEN) pre-polymers were studied systematically, and then, gelation time and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to investigate their curing behaviors. Taking advantage of orthogonal test analysis, the key factors that affected the co-polymerization of APPEN were defined and the appropriate pre-polymerization conditions were analyzed. A possible curing mechanism of APPEN was proposed. Then, the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of glass-fiber-reinforced APPEN laminates (APPEN/GF) prepared at 180 °C were analyzed to understand the cross-linked and aggregation structures. Fracture surface of the composite laminates was also investigated to reveal the copolymerization degree and the interfacial binding. The results indicated that APPEN/GF composites exhibit outstanding mechanical and thermomechanical properties (flexural strength, 712 MPa, flexural modulus, 38 GPa, and Tg > 185 °C). The thermal stability (T5% > 334 °C and IPDT reached 1482 °C) of APPEN/GF composites was also investigated to further reveal the copolymerization between epoxy resin and aminophthalonitrile, which may be beneficial to the application of epoxy-matrix-based composites in the field of high-performance polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Xu
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiongyao Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zexu Fan
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Dengxun Ren
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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11
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Puszka A, Kneć M, Franus W, Podkościelna B. Preparation and Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics of Composites Based on Epoxy Resin with Kaolinite and Clinoptilolite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081898. [PMID: 37112045 PMCID: PMC10146740 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein the synthesis, characterization, and study of spectroscopic, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties of polymeric composites are presented. The composites were obtained in special molds (8 × 10 cm) based on the commercially available epoxy resin Epidian® 601 cross-linked by 10% w/w triethylenetetramine (TETA). To improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the synthetic epoxy resins, natural fillers in the form of minerals from the silicate cluster kaolinite (KA) or clinoptilolite (CL) were added to the composites. The structures of the materials obtained were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FTIR). The thermal properties of the resins were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) in an inert atmosphere. The hardness of the crosslinked products was determined using the Shore D method. Moreover, strength tests were performed on the 3PB (three-point bending) specimen, with the analysis of tensile strains conducted using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Puszka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq.3., 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kneć
- Laboratory of Construction, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, 40 Nadbystrzycka St., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq.3., 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Xu B, Zhu S, Zhao S, Wang X. A High-Phosphorus-Content Polyphosphonate with Combined Phosphorus Structures for Flame Retardant PET. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071713. [PMID: 37050327 PMCID: PMC10096606 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-phosphorus-content polyphosphonate (PBDA), containing two phosphorus-based structures: phosphaphenanthrene (DOPO) and phenyl phosphonate groups, was synthesized and used in flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Good self-extinguishing property (high UL 94 grade and LOI value), superior flame retardancy (lower heat/smoke release), and high quality retention (high carbon residue) were endowed to PET by PBDA. When 10 wt% PDBA was added, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke rate (TSR) of PDBA/PET were found to be significantly reduced by 80%, 60.5%, and 21%, respectively, compared to the pure PET, and the LOI value jumped from 20.5% for pure PET to 28.7% with a UL-94 V-0 rating. The flame-retardant mode of action in PET was verified by thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR), pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), real-time FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phosphaphenanthrene and phosphonate moieties in PDBA decomposed in sequence during heating, continuously releasing and keeping high-content PO· and PO2· radicals with a quenching effect and simultaneously promoting the formation of viscous crosslinked char layers causing a high barrier effect. PDBA mainly acted in the gas phase but the condensed-phase flame retardant function was also considerable.
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Mohammadkhah S, Sarabi A, Mohammadloo HE, Ghamsarizade R. Improvement of Active/passive Anti-corrosion/Weathering Properties of Epoxy-Siloxane Structure via Cloisite 30B/Polyaniline Inclusion as New Hybrid Nanocomposite Coatings. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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14
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Wang W, Cao Z, Wang Z. Investigation on the flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin/cyanate ester composites based on
mSiO
2
@
ZrPB
and
DOPO‐HQ. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhilin Cao
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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15
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Woźnica M, Sobiech M, Luliński P. A Fusion of Molecular Imprinting Technology and Siloxane Chemistry: A Way to Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:248. [PMID: 36677999 PMCID: PMC9863567 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technology is a well-known strategy to synthesize materials with a predetermined specificity. For fifty years, the "classical" approach assumed the creation of "memory sites" in the organic polymer matrix by a template molecule that interacts with the functional monomer prior to the polymerization and template removal. However, the phenomenon of a material's "memory" provided by the "footprint" of the chemical entity was first observed on silica-based materials nearly a century ago. Through the years, molecular imprinting technology has attracted the attention of many scientists. Different forms of molecularly imprinted materials, even on the nanoscale, were elaborated, predominantly using organic polymers to induce the "memory". This field has expanded quickly in recent years, providing versatile tools for the separation or detection of numerous chemical compounds or even macromolecules. In this review, we would like to emphasize the role of the molecular imprinting process in the formation of highly specific siloxane-based nanomaterials. The distinct chemistry of siloxanes provides an opportunity for the facile functionalization of the surfaces of nanomaterials, enabling us to introduce additional properties and providing a way for vast applications such as detectors or separators. It also allows for catalyzing chemical reactions providing microreactors to facilitate organic synthesis. Finally, it determines the properties of siloxanes such as biocompatibility, which opens the way to applications in drug delivery and nanomedicine. Thus, a brief outlook on the chemistry of siloxanes prior to the discussion of the current state of the art of siloxane-based imprinted nanomaterials will be provided. Those aspects will be presented in the context of practical applications in various areas of chemistry and medicine. Finally, a brief outlook of future perspectives for the field will be pointed out.
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16
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Wang Y, Piao J, Ren J, Feng T, Wang Y, Liu W, Dong H, Chen W, Jiao C, Chen X. Simultaneously improving the hydrophobic property and flame retardancy of aluminum hypophosphite using rare earth based coupling agent for epoxy composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaofei Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiu Piao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Ren
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Dong
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjiao Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong People's Republic of China
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The Effect of Various Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes on Viscoelastic, Thermal Properties and Crystallization of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235078. [PMID: 36501477 PMCID: PMC9737336 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane POSS nanoparticles can be applied as reinforcing additives modifying various properties of biodegradable polymers. The effects of aminopropylisobutyl POSS (amine-POSS), trisilanolisooctyl-POSS (HO-POSS) and glycidyl-POSS (Gly-POSS) on the viscoelastic, thermal properties and crystallization of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL were studied. The analysis of the viscoelastic properties at ambient temperature indicated that aminopropylisobutyl POSS (amine-POSS) and glycidyl-POSS (Gly-POSS) enhanced the dynamic mechanical properties of PCL. The increase in the storage shear modulus G' and loss modulus G″ was observed. The plasticizing effect of trisilanolisooctyl POSS (HO-POSS) due to the presence of long isoctyl groups was confirmed. As a result, the crystallization of PCL was facilitated and the degree of crystallinity of χc increased up to 50.9%. The damping properties and the values of tan δ for PCL/HO-POSS composition increased from 0.052 to 0.069. The TGA results point out the worsening of the PCL thermal stability, with lower values of T0.5%, T1% and T3%. Both HO-POSS and Gly-POSS facilitated the relaxation of molten PCL. The presence of Gly-POSS influenced the changes that occurred in the viscoelastic properties of the molten PCL due to the thermo-mechanical degradation of the material; a positive impact was observed.
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18
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Recent advances in surface modification of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings treated by non-biodegradable polymers. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Xing H, Mao Y, Yang Y, Qu C, Wang D, Fan X, Zhao L, Zhou D, Liu C. Preparation of waterborne polyimide‐modified epoxy resin with high thermal properties and adhesion properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Yanyu Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin China
| | - Chunyan Qu
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Xupeng Fan
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Dongpeng Zhou
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Institute of Petrochemistry, Heilongjiang Academy of Science Harbin China
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20
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Wang Y, Kou X, Zhao J, Deng J. A strategy to improve the compatibility of carboxyl methyl cellulose with silica fume‐based geopolymer inorganic siliceous coatings for flame‐retarding plywood. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- YaChao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Building Energy Efficiency Control and Evaluation Ministry of Education Hefei China
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an China
- School of Safety Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
| | - Xiaofei Kou
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an China
| | - JiangPing Zhao
- School of Resources Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology Xi'an China
| | - Jun Deng
- School of Safety Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an China
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21
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Abdelmalik A, Ogbodo M, Abubakar Y, Galadima A, Aliyu A, Jonah S. Influence of neutron irradiation on the mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy/ titanium oxide nanocomposite. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Zhang Z, Zhang K, Xie K, Bao Y, Li X, Huang J, Li X, Wei W. Improvement in toughness and flame retardancy of bismaleimide/diallyl bisphenol A resin with a eugenol allyl ether-grafted polysiloxane. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Xu X, Qing Y, Liu N, Long C, Ma J, Cui M, Yao Y, Yao W, Liu C. Microskeleton Magnetic Nanofiller Composite with Highly Reliable Superhydrophobic Protection for Long-Lived Electromagnetic Interface Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37039-37050. [PMID: 35920846 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic/electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials have received a great deal of attention, attributing to their excellent water repellence characteristic. However, it is really challenging to simultaneously achieve materials with superhydrophobicity, high EMI shielding performance, and long-term stability of these materials that can operate around the clock in harsh service conditions. Herein, a novel strategy to create an integrated microskeleton magnetic nanofiller composite (IMMNC) with exceptional liquid repellency, enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness, and extreme environment reliability is reported. The superhydrophobicity of the IMMNC was maintained after extreme mechanical and chemical damage due to the synergistic enhancement between epoxy-silicone oligomers/polymerized rosin and microskeleton. Consecutively hierarchical micro/nanoarchitectures and conductive pathways endow the IMMNC with a high EMI shielding effectiveness up to 80.7 dB and a satisfactory antifouling capacity for solid and water-based contaminants. More interestingly, this composite still maintains a superior EMI shielding performance after being subjected to ultrasonic vibration, low (-20 °C) or high temperature (300 °C), and even strong acid (1 M), demonstrating its great potential and reliability as a high-performance EMI shielding material resistant to harsh operating conditions. This work provides an efficient and practical solution for developing next-generation EMI shielding materials with high reliability in an all-weather complex and changeable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yongquan Qing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- State Key Laboratory of Light Alloy Casting Technology for High-End Equipment, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Niu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Cai Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Junchi Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Miao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yuxuan Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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24
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Influence of Counter Surface Roughness and Lay on the Tribological Behaviour of Self-Lubricating Bearing Materials in Dry Sliding Conditions at High Contact Pressures. LUBRICANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants10080167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Kaplan turbines, the most critical components are the self-lubricating polymer composite bearings used to control the guide vanes and the turbine blades. Reducing the sliding wear and friction of these bearings can benefit both the economy and the environment, including longer useful life, lower operational costs, and higher efficiency. In this study, the influence of stainless-steel counter surface roughness and lay on the tribological behaviour of three bearing materials used in hydropower applications were investigated using a linear reciprocating flat-on-flat configuration under high contact pressure and low sliding speed. The surface roughness was measured using white light interferometry. SEM and EDS analysis were used to investigate the worn surfaces. Results from this study show that overly smooth surfaces result in higher friction and wear of the counter surface, while rougher surfaces have a negative effect on the wear of the polymers. Highest surface coverage using protective transfer layers is found on the steel surfaces with the perpendicular lay and is accompanied with a lower coefficient of friction compared to the parallel lay. The dominant wear mechanism of the bearing materials changes from delamination wear to abrasive wear between the lowest and the intermediate roughness for steel surfaces with the parallel lay. It can be concluded that counter surface topography has a significant influence on the tribological behaviour of these bearing materials and that the effect differs between the self-lubricating polymer composites.
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25
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Banerjee P, Parasuram S, Kumar S, Bose S. Graphene oxide-mediated thermo-reversible bonds and in situ grown nano-rods trigger 'self-healable' interfaces in carbon fiber laminates. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9004-9020. [PMID: 35700545 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) laminate structures have emerged as futuristic materials having surpassed metals in strength and durability. The interfacial chemistry determines the mechanical performance of such laminates. In this study, a unique approach was adopted wherein the alternate layers of the carbon fiber (CF) mat were grown in situ with ZnO nano-rods and modified with bis-maleimide (BMI), and epoxy resin containing 0.2 or 0.5 wt% graphene oxide (GO) was infused using conventional VARTM technology to enhance the mechanical interlocking of epoxy with the fiber as well as to impart self-healing properties to the laminate. While ZnO rods offer surface roughness thereby facilitating better wetting of epoxy, the Diels-Alder thermo-reversible bonds between BMI and GO facilitate self-healing properties besides improving the interfacial adhesion between epoxy and CF. The rationale behind this work is to synergistically improve the interface-dominated mechanical properties like interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) while maintaining or even improving fiber-dominated properties like flexural strength (FS) as well as imparting considerable recovery in strength post the self-healing cycle. The laminates after this treatment (having 0.5 wt% GO) indeed exhibited 46% improvement in FS and 33% improvement in ILSS properties as well as an ILSS recovery of 70%. The surface analysis suggests that ZnO nano-rods offer surface roughness that helps in the wettability of the matrix on the fibers. In addition, the 2D and 3D representative volume analysis (RVE) model was established to identify the load transfer behaviour in the ZnO-CF-epoxy interface in the microscale reference region. The fractographic analysis confirmed that rigid ZnO nano-rods allowed better matrix adhesion resulting in improved mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Banerjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560012, India.
| | - Sampath Parasuram
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560012, India.
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560012, India.
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560012, India.
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26
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Seroka NS, Taziwa R, Khotseng L. Green Synthesis of Crystalline Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash: Physico-Chemical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132184. [PMID: 35808020 PMCID: PMC9268604 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse South Africa is an agricultural waste that poses many environmental and human health problems. Sugarcane bagasse dumps attract many insects that harm the health of the population and cause many diseases. Sugarcane ash is a naturally renewable source of silica. This study presents for the first time the extraction of nanosilica from sugar cane bagasse ash using L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate acid and Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide. The structural, morphological, and chemical properties of the extracted silica nanoparticles was cross examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. SEM analysis presents agglomerates of irregular sizes. It is possible to observe the structure of nanosilica formed by the presence of agglomerates of irregular shapes, as well as the presence of some spherical particles distributed in the structure. XRD analysis has revealed 2θ angles at 20, 26, 36, 39, 50, and 59 which shows that each peak on the xrd pattern is indicative of certain crystalline cubic phases of nanosilica, similar to results reported in the literature by Jagadesh et al. in 2015. The crystallite size estimated by the Scherrer equation based on the aforementioned peaks for ca-silica and L-cys-silica for the extracted particles had an average diameter of 26 nm and 29 nm, respectively. Furthermore, it showed a specific surface area of 21.6511 m2/g and 116.005 m2/g for ca-silica and L-cys silica, respectively. The Infrared (IR) spectra showed peaks at 461.231 cm−1, 787.381 cm−1 and 1045.99 cm−1 which corresponds to the Si~O~Si bending vibration, the Si~O~Si stretch vibration, and the Si~O~Si stretching vibration, respectively. This confirms the successful extraction of nanosilica from sugar cane bagasse ash. TGA analysis has revealed that the as received sugarcane bagasse has high loss on ignition (LOI) of 18%, corresponding to the presence of the unburnt or partial burnt particles, similar to results reported by Yadav et al. This study has shown that sugar cane bagasse ash is a natural resource of silica which should be harnessed for industrial purposes in south Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntalane S. Seroka
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: (N.S.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Raymond Taziwa
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Old King William Town Road, Potsdam Site, East London 5200, South Africa;
| | - Lindiwe Khotseng
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Rd, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Correspondence: (N.S.S.); (L.K.)
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27
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Xu X, Wang Y, Zhang D. A novel strategy of hydrothermal in-situ grown bismuth based film on epoxy resin as recyclable photocatalyst for photodegrading antibiotics and sterilizing microorganism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Elzaabalawy A, Meguid SA. Advances in the development of superhydrophobic and icephobic surfaces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICS AND MATERIALS IN DESIGN 2022; 18:509-547. [PMID: 37520670 PMCID: PMC9132174 DOI: 10.1007/s10999-022-09593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobicity and icephobicity are governed by surface chemistry and surface structure. These two features signify a potential advance in surface engineering and have recently garnered significant attention from the research community. This review aims to simulate further research in the development of superhydrophobic and icephobic surfaces in order to achieve their wide-spread adoption in practical applications. The review begins by establishing the fundamentals of the wetting phenomenon and wettability parameters. This is followed by the recent advances in modeling and simulations of the response of superhydrophobic surfaces to static and dynamic droplets contact and impingement, respectively. In view of their versatility and multifunctionality, a special attention is given to the development of these surfaces using nanocomposites. Furthermore, the review considers advances in icephobicity, its comprehensive characterization and its relation to superhydrophobicity. The review also includes the importance of the use of superhydrophobic surface to combat viral and bacterial contamination that exist in fomites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Elzaabalawy
- Mechanics and Aerospace Design Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8 Canada
| | - Shaker A. Meguid
- Mechanics and Aerospace Design Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3G8 Canada
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Arcos-Casarrubias JA, Vázquez-Torres H, Granados-Olvera JA, Cedeño AJ, Cervantes-Uc JM. Viscoelastic behavior and toughness of the DGEBA epoxy resin with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane: effect of functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane), diglycidyl ether, PDMS-DGE, pre-reacted with 1,2-diaminocyclohexane. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhi M, Yang X, Fan R, Yue S, Zheng L, Liu Q, He Y. A comprehensive review of reactive flame-retardant epoxy resin: fundamentals, recent developments, and perspectives. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Diblock Copolymers Containing Titanium-Hybridized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Used as a Macromolecular Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091708. [PMID: 35566877 PMCID: PMC9105475 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-containing diblock copolymer poly[(p-hydroxybenzaldehyde methacrylate)m-b-(2-((6-oxidodibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinin-6-yl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate)n] (abbrev. poly(HAMAm-b-HEPOMAn)) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. When it was continued to react with titanium-hybridized aminopropyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (Ti-POSS) through a Schiff-base reaction, new grafted copolymers poly[(Ti-POSS-HAMA)m-b-HEPOMAn] (abbrev. PolyTi) were obtained. Then, they were used as macromolecular flame retardant to modify epoxy resin materials. The thermal, flame retardant and mechanical properties of the prepared EP/PolyTi composites were tested by TGA, DSC, LOI, UL-94, SEM, Raman, DMA, etc. The migration of phosphorus moiety from epoxy resin composites was analyzed by immersing the composites into ethanol/H2O solution and recording the extraction solution by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results showed that the added PolyTi enhanced the glass transition temperature, the carbon residue, the graphitization of char, LOI, and mechanical properties of the EP/PolyTi composites when compared to pure cured EP. Furthermore, the phosphorus moieties were more likely to migrate from EP/DOPO composites than that from EP/PolyTi composites. Obviously, compared with small molecular flame retardant modified EP, the macromolecular flame retardant modified EP/PolyTi composites exhibited better thermal stability, flame retardancy, and resistance to migration.
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Zhang W, Huang J, Guo X, Zhang W, Qian L, Qin Z. Double organic groups‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane filled epoxy with enhanced fire safety. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Zhaolu Qin
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
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Recent Advances in Bio-Based Additive Flame Retardants for Thermosetting Resins. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084828. [PMID: 35457696 PMCID: PMC9030075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermosetting resins are used in many applications due to their great mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability. However, the flammability of thermosets needs to be improved to minimize fire risk and meet fire safety regulations. Some commercially available flame retardants have an adverse effect on people’s health and the environment. Thus, the development of novel, more sustainable flame retardants obtained or derived from biomass has become an objective of contemporary research. The objective of this study is to summarize recent progress on bio-based flame retardants for thermosetting resins so as to promote their prompt development. Groups of biomass compounds with a potential for flame retardant industrial applications were introduced, and their thermal degradation was investigated. The authors focused mostly on the thermal degradation of composites containing bio-based flame retardants determined by thermogravimetric analysis, their tendency to sustain a flame determined by a limiting oxygen index, and fire behavior determined by a cone calorimeter test. The results showed that the mode of action is mostly based on the forming of the char layer. However, in many cases, there is still a necessity to input a high amount of additive to achieve significant flame retardancy effects, which may adversely impact mechanical properties.
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Ye X, Feng Y, Tian P, Li Z, Li Y, Wang W, Li J, Qiao L, Wang K, Zhang W, Pan YT, Yang R. Engineering two nitrogen-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (N-POSSs) to enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin endowed with superior thermal stability. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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35
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Pan K, Liu C, Zhu Z, Feng T, Tao S, Yang B. Soft-Hard Segment Combined Carbonized Polymer Dots for Flexible Optical Film with Superhigh Surface Hardness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14504-14512. [PMID: 35290026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of optical and electronic devices has driven up the demand of high performance optical protective films to avoid exterior influence and extend the service life. But it is not easy to obtain an ideal coating film with high transmittance, high hardness, and good flexibility. Herein, by taking advantage of the special core-shell structure of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), we propose a strategy to build up a nanoscale soft-hard segment microstructure for optical protective coating materials. The CPDs with hard core and soft polymer chain shell are prepared from citric acid and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The as-prepared CPDs can be converted directly to the coating film by the dehydration and cross-linking. In addition to the good optical transmittance, the final film exhibits simultaneously ultrahigh 9H pencil hardness to stand 4000 cycles of a steel-wool wear test, and excellent flexibility to stand bending and rolling-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, college of chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, college of chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, college of chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tanglue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, college of chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, college of chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, college of chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
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36
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Kayan GÖ, Kayan A. Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and Polyorganosilicon Hybrid Materials and Their Usage in the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Kuo SW. Hydrogen bonding interactions in polymer/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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39
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Hädinger P, Hinz A. Functionalised carbazolyl hydro‐ and allyl‐silanes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hädinger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institut fur Anorganische Chemie Engesserstr. 15Gebaude 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
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40
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Lou G, Li Q, Jin Q, Rao Q, Fu S, Dai J. Preparation of environment-friendly solid epoxy resin with high-toughness via one-step banburying. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16615-16623. [PMID: 35754895 PMCID: PMC9168832 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid epoxy resin is highly desired in adhesives, electronic materials and coatings due to the attractive characteristics of solvent-free, highly efficient utilization and convenient storage and transportation. However, the challenges remain in fabricating high-toughness solid epoxy resin through a facile and efficient way. Here, a high-performance environment-friendly solid epoxy resin was fabricated by employing maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA-g-MAH) as the flexibilizer via one-step banburying method. The results showed that the modified epoxy resin maintained a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability, while its impact strength, tensile toughness and flexural toughness were significantly increased compared with the neat epoxy resin. The impact strength, tensile toughness and flexural toughness of R-EM10 are improved 138%, 195% and 149%, respectively. The EVA-g-MAH was introduced in the epoxy matrix as a separate phase to increase toughness via transfer stress and dissipated energy. The attractive properties of this facile fabrication process and the high-toughness, as well as the environment-friendly performance make this solid epoxy highly promising for large-scale industrial application. High-toughness and environment-friendly solvent free solid epoxy resin through a low-cost, facile and large-scale fabrication process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaobo Lou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qian Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingqing Rao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenyuan Fu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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41
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Epoxyorganosilane Finishing Compositions for Fibrous Fillers of Thermosetting and Thermoplastic Binders. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010059. [PMID: 35012082 PMCID: PMC8747618 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of universal finishing compositions for fibers of various natures is an urgent task for polymer composite materials science. The developed finishes can be used for the fiber reinforcement of polymer matrices with a wide range of surface free energy characteristics. Epoxy systems modified with diaminesilane in a wide concentration range were examined by optical interferometry, FTIR spectroscopy, DSC and the sessile drop technique. It was shown that the partial curing of epoxy resin by diaminesilane at room temperature under an inert atmosphere, followed by contact with air, leads to a significant increase of the surface free energy of the system. Varying the concentration of diaminesilane allows us to effectively regulate the surface free energy of the composition. This makes it possible to use fibers finished with epoxyaminosilane compositions in composite materials based on a various thermosetting and thermoplastic binders with a surface tension of up to 75 mJ/m2.
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42
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Smoleń J, Olesik P, Jała J, Myalska-Głowacka H, Godzierz M, Kozioł M. Application of Mathematical and Experimental Approach in Description of Sedimentation of Powder Fillers in Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247520. [PMID: 34947116 PMCID: PMC8707976 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, sedimentation inhibition attempts were examined using colloidal silica in a mathematical and experimental approach. Experimental results were validated by a two-step verification process. It was demonstrated that application of quantitative metallography and hardness measurements in three different regions of samples allows us to describe the sedimentation process using modified Stokes law. Moreover, proper application of Stokes law allows one to determine the optimal colloidal silica amount, considering characteristics of applied filler (alumina or graphite). The results of mathematical calculations have been confirmed experimentally—the experimental results show good agreement with the calculated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Smoleń
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (J.J.); (H.M.-G.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Piotr Olesik
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (J.J.); (H.M.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Jakub Jała
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (J.J.); (H.M.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Hanna Myalska-Głowacka
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (J.J.); (H.M.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kozioł
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (J.J.); (H.M.-G.); (M.K.)
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43
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Katti P, Verma KK, Kumar S, Bose S. Tuning the interface in epoxy-based composites and laminates through epoxy grafted graphene oxide enhances mechanical properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6739-6749. [PMID: 36132648 PMCID: PMC9417678 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improved dispersion together with enhanced interfacial adhesion of the reinforcement is the key to superior structural properties in polymer nanocomposites. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) is employed to reinforce epoxy, and in order to improve the interfacial adhesion, epoxy chains were grafted directly onto GO prior to composite preparation. The functionalized GO sheets were systematically characterized using FTIR, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS. The epoxy composites with GO and epoxy grafted graphene oxide (Ep-g-GO) were prepared with the addition of only a small amount (0.5 wt%) of GO using a mechanical stirrer coupled to a bath sonicator. This strategy resulted in an impressive increase in mechanical properties, 40% in storage modulus, 70% in hardness, 39% in fracture toughness, and 8% in tensile strength, as compared to neat epoxy. In addition, the modified composites were thermally stable up to 300 °C as inferred from the thermogravimetric analysis. The enhanced properties of the composites further led to investigating the effect of Ep-g-GO on epoxy/carbon fiber (CF) laminates. Interestingly, incorporation of 0.5 wt% Ep-g-GO resulted in improved interfacial adhesion between GO and the epoxy matrix, which enhanced the tensile strength by 12% and inter-laminar shear strength by 9% as compared to neat epoxy/CF laminates. This study clearly demonstrates the positive effect of the tailored interface, offered by Ep-g-GO, on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites and epoxy/CF laminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Katti
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - K K Verma
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
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44
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Wang Y, Cai Y, Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhou S, Chen Y, Liang M, Zou H. Mechanical and thermal degradation behavior of high-performance PDMS elastomer based on epoxy/silicone hybrid network. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Belay TA, Chen J, Xu H, Zhang S, Chen S, Li X. Functionalization Methodology for Synthesis of Silane-End-Functionalized Linear and Star Poly(aryl isocyanide)s by Combination of Cationic Polymerization and Hydrosilylation Reaction. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuemay Abadi Belay
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jupeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shilu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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46
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Li G, Zhang X, Yang S, Li T, Wang Y, Chen M, Dong W. Fabricating a Repairable, Recyclable, Imine-based Dynamic Covalent Thermosetting Resin with Excellent Water Resistance by Introducing Dynamic Covalent Oxime Bonds. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4340-4348. [PMID: 34467655 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of adaptive, recyclable and imine-based dynamic covalent thermosetting resins (DCTRs) presents an opportunity for polymer scientists to address the prevalent environmental and energy concerns associated with current petroleum-based plastics. However, the imine-based DCTRs easily decompose in the presence of water, which can weaken the mechanical properties in imine-based polymers. In this study, we designed oxime-imine DCTRs that are stable in the presence of water and exhibit good mechanical properties. In the presence of one kind of amino group catalyst, the oxime-imine DCTRs could be completely recycled. Additionally, these well-designed oxime-imine DCTRs have good mechanical properties, high glass transition temperatures (166 °C), and good thermal stabilities. Taken together, this work offers a sustainable solution for the design and manufacture of high-value degradable materials intended for applications in which recyclability and reusability are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shuobing Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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47
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Ning L, Chen J, Sun J, Liu Y, Yi D, Cao J. Preparation and Properties of 3D Printing Light-Curable Resin Modified with Hyperbranched Polysiloxane. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23683-23690. [PMID: 34568648 PMCID: PMC8459355 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel, hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi) is successfully synthesized via hydrolysis using γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (A174) and deionized water, under catalyst-free conditions. Then, for the first time, the HBPSis are used to modify a 3D printing light-curing epoxy resin. Thermogravimetry results showed that the addition of HBPSi improved the heat resistance of the epoxy resin. Experimental results also show that the addition of HBPSi simultaneously improves tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength. In particular, a great increase in the toughness of 3D printing light-curing epoxy resin is observed, with 5 wt % HBPSi loading. These results indicate that the HBPSi containg OH- and Si-O-Si can be potentially effective at improving the performance of the 3D printing light-curing epoxy resin. This investigation suggests that the method proposed herein is a new approach to develop the performance of 3D printing light-curing epoxy resin for cutting-edge industries, especially those that simultaneously have outstanding thermal resistance and toughness.
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48
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Parshina MS, Tarasenkov AN, Aysin RR, Tebeneva NA, Buzin MI, Afanasyev ES, Serenko OA, Muzafarov AM. Monitoring the curing processes of epoxy oligomers with partially substituted polyethoxymetallosiloxanes by
IR
spectroscopy and thermomechanical analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Parshina
- N.S. Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Alexander N. Tarasenkov
- N.S. Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Rinat R. Aysin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Tebeneva
- N.S. Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Michail I. Buzin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Egor S. Afanasyev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Olga A. Serenko
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Aziz M. Muzafarov
- N.S. Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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49
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Wang W, Li H, Li Q, Luo Z. A novel grafted polyethylene with diphenyl phosphoryl group: Improved flame retardancy and favorable compatibility. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiduo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Huayi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Bertani R, Bartolozzi A, Pontefisso A, Quaresimin M, Zappalorto M. Improving the Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins via Nanomodification: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:5426. [PMID: 34500859 PMCID: PMC8434237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview on the preparation of multifunctional epoxies, with improved antimicrobial activity and enhanced mechanical properties through nanomodification. In the first section, we focus on the approaches to achieve antimicrobial activity, as well as on the methods used to evaluate their efficacy against bacteria and fungi. Relevant application examples are also discussed, with particular reference to antifouling and anticorrosion coatings for marine environments, dental applications, antimicrobial fibers and fabrics, and others. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanical behaviors of nanomodified epoxies with improved antimicrobial properties, analyzing the typical damage mechanisms leading to the significant toughening effect of nanomodification. Some examples of mechanical properties of nanomodified polymers are provided. Eventually, the possibility of achieving, at the same time, antimicrobial and mechanical improvement capabilities by nanomodification with nanoclay is discussed, with reference to both nanomodified epoxies and glass/epoxy composite laminates. According to the literature, a nanomodified epoxy can successfully exhibit antibacterial properties, while increasing its fracture toughness, even though its tensile strength may decrease. As for laminates-obtaining antibacterial properties is not followed by improved interlaminar properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bertani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Bartolozzi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Pontefisso
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (A.P.); (M.Q.)
| | - Marino Quaresimin
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (A.P.); (M.Q.)
| | - Michele Zappalorto
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (A.P.); (M.Q.)
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