1
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Hofmann D, Sychev D, Zagradska-Paromova Z, Bittrich E, Auernhammer GK, Gaitzsch J. Surface Topology of Redox- and Thermoresponsive Nanogel Droplets. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400049. [PMID: 38685191 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are usually depicted as a homogenous polymer block with a distinct surface. While defects in the polymer structure are looked into frequently, structural irregularities on the hydrogel surface are often neglected. In this work, thin hydrogel layers of ≈100 nm thickness (nanogels) are synthesized and characterized for their structural irregularities, as they represent the surface of macrogels. The nanogels contain a main-chain responsiveness (thermo responsive) and a responsiveness in the cross-linking points (redox responsive). By combining data from ellipsometry using box-model and two-segment-model analysis, as well as atomic force microscopy, a more defined model of the nanogel surface can be developed. Starting with a more densely cross-linked network at the silica wafer surface, the density of cross-linking gradually decreases toward the hydrogel-solvent interface. Thermo-responsive behavior of the main chain affects the entire network equally as all chain segments change solubility. Cross-linker-based redox-responsiveness, on the other hand, is only governed by the inner, more cross-linked layers of the network. Such dual responsive nanogels hence allow for developing a more detailed model of a hydrogel surface from free radical polymerization. It provides a better understanding of structural defects in hydrogels and how they are affected by responsive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Hofmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Sychev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Chair of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zlata Zagradska-Paromova
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Gao Z, Han K, Hua X, Liu W, Jia S. hydroSIM: super-resolution speckle illumination microscopy with a hydrogel diffuser. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3574-3585. [PMID: 38867780 PMCID: PMC11166422 DOI: 10.1364/boe.521521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy has emerged as an indispensable methodology for probing the intricacies of cellular biology. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM), in particular, offers an advantageous balance of spatial and temporal resolution, allowing for visualizing cellular processes with minimal disruption to biological specimens. However, the broader adoption of SIM remains hampered by the complexity of instrumentation and alignment. Here, we introduce speckle-illumination super-resolution microscopy using hydrogel diffusers (hydroSIM). The study utilizes the high scattering and optical transmissive properties of hydrogel materials and realizes a remarkably simplified approach to plug-in super-resolution imaging via a common epi-fluorescence platform. We demonstrate the hydroSIM system using various phantom and biological samples, and the results exhibited effective 3D resolution doubling, optical sectioning, and high contrast. We foresee hydroSIM, a cost-effective, biocompatible, and user-accessible super-resolution methodology, to significantly advance a wide range of biomedical imaging and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Gao
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Keyi Han
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Xuanwen Hua
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Shu Jia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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3
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Tiihonen LV, Bernardo G, Dalgliesh R, Mendes A, Parnell SR. Influence of the coagulation bath on the nanostructure of cellulose films regenerated from an ionic liquid solution. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12888-12896. [PMID: 38650684 PMCID: PMC11033612 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose membranes were prepared from an EMIMAc ionic liquid solution by nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) in coagulation baths of water-acetone mixtures, ethanol-water mixtures and water at different temperatures. High water volume fractions in the coagulation bath result in a highly reproducible gel-like structure with inhomogeneities observed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). A structural transition of cellulose takes place in water-acetone baths at very low water volume fractions, while a higher water bath temperature increases the size of inhomogeneities in the gel-like structure. These findings demonstrate the value of SANS for characterising and understanding the structure of regenerated cellulose films in their wet state. Such insights can improve the engineering and structural tuning of cellulose membranes, either for direct use or as precursors for carbon molecular sieve membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lassi V Tiihonen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology 2629 JB Delft Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Bernardo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Robert Dalgliesh
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Steven R Parnell
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology 2629 JB Delft Netherlands
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
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4
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Li Y, Zhao W, Cheng Z, Sun ZY, Liu H. Structural heterogeneity in tetra-armed gels revealed by computer simulation: Evidence from a graph theory assisted characterization. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144902. [PMID: 38591682 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing homogeneous networks is considered one typical strategy for solving the problem of strength and toughness conflict of polymer network materials. Experimentalists have proposed the hypothesis of obtaining a structurally homogeneous hydrogel by crosslinking tetra-armed polymers, whose homogeneity was claimed to be verified by scattering characterization and other methods. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable to further evaluate this issue from other perspectives. In this study, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation coupled with a stochastic reaction model is applied to reveal the topological structure of a polymer network synthesized by tetra-armed monomers as precursors. Two different scenarios, distinguished by whether internal cross-linking is allowed, are considered. We introduce the Dijkstra algorithm from graph theory to precisely characterize the network structure. The microscopic features of the network structure, e.g., loop size, dispersity, and size distribution, are obtained via the Dijkstra algorithm. By comparing the two reaction scenarios, Scenario II exhibits an overall more idealized structure. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the Dijkstra algorithm for precisely characterizing the polymer network structure. We expect this work will provide a new insight for the evaluation and description of gel networks and further help to reveal the dynamic process of network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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5
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Meng Z, Löser L, Saalwächter K, Gasser U, Klok HA. Disulfide-Cross-Linked Tetra-PEG Gels. Macromolecules 2024; 57:3058-3065. [PMID: 38616809 PMCID: PMC11008237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of polymer gels via cross-linking of four-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) precursors is an attractive strategy to prepare networks with relatively well-defined topologies. Typically, Tetra-PEG gels are obtained by cross-linking heterocomplementary reactive Tetra-PEG precursors. This study, in contrast, explores the cross-linking of self-reactive, thiol-end functional Tetra-PEG macromers to form disulfide-cross-linked gels. The structure of the disulfide-cross-linked Tetra-PEG gels was studied with multiple-quantum NMR (MQ-NMR) spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. In line with earlier simulation studies, these experiments showed a strong dependence of the relative fractions of the different network connectivities on the concentration of the thiol-end functional Tetra-PEG macromer that was used for the synthesis of the networks. Disulfide-cross-linked Tetra-PEG gels prepared at macromer concentrations below the overlap concentration (c = 0.66c*) primarily feature defect connectivity motifs, such as primary loops and dangling ends. For networks prepared at macromer concentrations above the overlap concentration, the fraction of single-link connectivities was found to be similar to that in amide-cross-linked Tetra-PEG gels obtained by heterocomplementary cross-linking of N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and amine functional Tetra-PEG macromers. Since disulfide bonds are susceptible to reductive cleavage, these disulfide-cross-linked gels are of interest, e.g., as reduction-sensitive hydrogels for a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Meng
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss
National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Löser
- Institut
für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut
für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Urs Gasser
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging (LNS), Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss
National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired Materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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6
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Zhu R, Zhu D, Zheng Z, Wang X. Tough double network hydrogels with rapid self-reinforcement and low hysteresis based on highly entangled networks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1344. [PMID: 38350981 PMCID: PMC10864390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Most tough hydrogels are reinforced by introducing energy dissipation mechanisms, but simultaneously realizing a high toughness and low hysteresis is challenging because the energy dissipation structure cannot recover rapidly. In this work, high mechanical performance highly entangled double network hydrogels without energy dissipation structure are fabricated, in which physical entanglements act as the primary effective crosslinking in the first network. This sliding entanglement structure allows the hydrogel network to form a highly uniform oriented structure during stretching, resulting in a high tensile strength of ~3 MPa, a fracture energy of 8340 J m-2 and a strain-stiffening capability of 47.5 in 90% water content. Moreover, almost 100% reversibility is obtained in this hydrogel via energy storage based on entropy loss. The highly entangled double network structure not only overcomes the typical trade-off between the high toughness and low hysteresis of hydrogels, but more importantly, it provides an insight into the application of entanglement structures in high-performance hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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7
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Ahmadi M, Yazdanimoghaddam R, Sharif F. The network structure in transient telechelic polymer networks: extension of the Miller-Macosko model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38019135 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04700h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The combination of supramolecular chemistry and polymer science has resulted in the development of transient polymer networks with diverse properties and applications. Specifically, polymer networks based on transient linking of telechelic polymer precursors offer a high degree of control over the network structure, which can reform in response to external stimuli that change the connectivity of transient bonds. Therefore, the combination of the versatile polymer functionality and the adjustable connectivity of transient bonds may result in complex network structures that are not easy to predict or characterize. To address this gap, herein we extend the Miller-Macosko model to forecast the network connectivity of transient telechelic polymer networks made with various polymer functionalities and transient connectivities represented by metal-ligand complexes. This model predicts a universal dependence of the network structure and modulus on preparative parameters including the metal ion identity, characterized by the complexation thermodynamics, and concentration. Moreover, we demonstrate that given the thermodynamic tendency of forming network defects like loops, the model can include such imperfections, enabling rheological properties to be used indirectly for the characterization of defect content. We outline general guidelines to extend the model to more intricate structures, enhancing our understanding of the structure-property relationship in complex transient polymer networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rosha Yazdanimoghaddam
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Chremos A, Horkay F. Coexistence of Crumpling and Flat Sheet Conformations in Two-Dimensional Polymer Networks: An Understanding of Aggrecan Self-Assembly. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:138101. [PMID: 37832020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.138101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the conformational properties of self-avoiding two-dimensional (2D) ideal polymer networks with tunable mesh sizes as a model of self-assembled structures formed by aggrecan. Polymer networks having few branching points and large enough mesh tend to crumple, resulting in a fractal dimension of d_{f}≈2.7. The flat sheet behavior (d_{f}=2) emerges in 2D polymer networks having more branching points at large length scales; however, it coexists with crumpling conformations at intermediate length scales, a feature found in scattering profiles of aggrecan solutions. Our findings bridge the long-standing gap between theories and simulations of polymer sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Chremos
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ferenc Horkay
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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9
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Rao A, Olsen BD. Structural and dynamic heterogeneity in associative networks formed by artificially engineered protein polymers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6314-6328. [PMID: 37560814 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00150d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates static gel structure and cooperative multi-chain motion in associative networks using a well-defined model system composed of artificial coiled-coil proteins. The combination of small-angle and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering provides evidence for three static length scales irrespective of protein gel design which are attributed to correlations arising from the blob length, inter-junction spacing, and multi-chain density fluctuations. Self-diffusion measurements using forced Rayleigh scattering demonstrate an apparent superdiffusive regime in all gels studied, reflecting a transition between distinct "slow" and "fast" diffusive species. The interconversion between the two diffusive modes occurs on a length scale on the order of the largest correlation length observed by neutron scattering, suggesting a possible caging effect. Comparison of the self-diffusive behavior with characteristic molecular length scales and the single-sticker dissociation time inferred from tracer diffusion measurements supports the primarily single-chain mechanisms of self-diffusion as previously conceptualized. The step size of the slow mode is comparable to the root-mean-square length of the midblock strands, consistent with a single-chain walking mode rather than collective motion of multi-chain aggregates. The transition to the fast mode occurs on a timescale 10-1000 times the single-sticker dissociation time, which is consistent with the onset of single-molecule hopping. Finally, the terminal diffusivity depends exponentially on the number of stickers per chain, further suggesting that long-range diffusion occurs by molecular hopping rather than sticky Rouse motion of larger assemblies. Collectively, the results suggest that diffusion of multi-chain clusters is dominated by the single-chain pictures proposed in previous coarse-grained modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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10
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Ahmadi M, Nicolella P, Seiffert S. Network Percolation in Transient Polymer Networks with Temporal Hierarchy of Energy Dissipation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paola Nicolella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Lei Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Xu L, Li J, Zhu Z, Liu Y. New Strategy to Construct Mechanically Strong and Tough Phenolic Networks by Considering the Effect of Curing Reactions and Physical States on the Cross-Linking Density and Cross-Linking Inhomogeneity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongzhou Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- Xi’an Aerospace Composite Materials Research Institute, Xi’an 710025, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621054, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Dookhith AZ, Lynd NA, Creton C, Sanoja GE. Controlling Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Polyether Networks with Organoaluminum Catalysts. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaliyah Z. Dookhith
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS UMR 7615, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel E. Sanoja
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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13
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Li M, Yin P. Model2SAS: software for small-angle scattering data calculation from custom shapes. J Appl Crystallogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722003600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the challenges in resolving the complex morphologies of emergent nanoparticles, a program with a user-friendly graphical user interface has been developed for calculating small-angle scattering curves from custom shapes. The software allows STL-format 3D models, models defined by mathematical functions or combinations of the two as initial input. As a transitional stage, lattice models are generated and the orientation-averaged small-angle scattering data can be calculated using typical spherical harmonics expansion. The validity of the protocol is verified by demonstration models with Protein Data Bank structures and known scattering functions. The software is applied to successfully calculate the scattering curves of a porous spherical shell model where traditional mathematical derivation fails.
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14
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Ding Y, Panzarasa G, Stucki S, Burgert I, Keplinger T. Thermoresponsive Smart Gating Wood Membranes. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:5517-5525. [PMID: 35528199 PMCID: PMC9066405 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Smart membranes that can open and/or close their pores in a controlled manner by external stimuli possess potential in various applications, such as water flow manipulation, indoor climate regulation, and sensing. The design of smart gating membranes with high flux, immediate response, and mechanical robustness is still an open challenge, limiting their versatility and practical applicability. Inspired by the controlled opening and closure of plant stomata, we have developed a smart gating wood membrane, taking advantage of the unique wood scaffold with its hierarchical porous structure to carry thermoresponsive hydrogel gates. Laser drilling was applied to cut channels in the wood scaffold with well-aligned pores to incorporate the smart gating membranes. In situ polymerization of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) above its lower critical solution temperature inside the channels resulted in a hydrogel with a heterogeneous microstructure acting as a thermoresponsive gate. The wood-based smart gating membranes exhibited reversible and stable pore opening/closing under heating/cooling stimuli. The achieved rapid response and feasibility of scale-up open the venue for various practical applications. In this work, we demonstrated their potential for indoor light regulation and as a water flow manipulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ding
- Wood
Materials Science, Institute for Building
Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- WoodTec
Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Wood
Materials Science, Institute for Building
Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- WoodTec
Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Stucki
- Wood
Materials Science, Institute for Building
Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- WoodTec
Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Wood
Materials Science, Institute for Building
Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- WoodTec
Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Keplinger
- Wood
Materials Science, Institute for Building
Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- WoodTec
Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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15
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Koziol MF, Nguyen PL, Gallo S, Olsen BD, Seiffert S. Hierarchy of relaxation times in supramolecular polymer model networks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4859-4870. [PMID: 35136895 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer gels are an evolving class of soft materials with a vast number of properties that can be tuned to desired applications. Despite continuous advances concerning polymer synthesis, sustainability or adaptability, a consistent understanding of the interplay between structure, dynamics, and diffusion processes within transient networks is lacking. In this study, the hierarchy of several relaxation processes is investigated, starting from a microscopic perspective of a single sticker dissociation event up to the center-of-mass diffusion of a star-shaped polymer building block on different length scales, as well as the resulting macroscopic mechanical response to applied external stress. In addition to that, a second focus is placed on the gel micro-structure that is analyzed by light scattering. Conversion of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) inverse length scale into real space allows for a combination of relaxation times with those obtained by forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS). For these investigations, a model-type metallo-supramolecular network consisting of narrowly dispersed tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-terpyridine macromolecules that are interconnected via complexation with zinc ions is chosen. Assembling the obtained activation energies reveals that all complex dissociation-governed relaxation processes exhibit similar activation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Franziska Koziol
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Phuong Loan Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shannon Gallo
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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17
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Wang Q, Xu W, Koppolu R, van Bochove B, Seppälä J, Hupa L, Willför S, Xu C, Wang X. Injectable thiol-ene hydrogel of galactoglucomannan and cellulose nanocrystals in delivery of therapeutic inorganic ions with embedded bioactive glass nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118780. [PMID: 34823793 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel that is photo-curable via light-induced thiol-ene addition between methacrylate modified O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan (GGMMA) and thiolated cellulose nanocrystal (CNC-SH). Compared to free-radical chain polymerization, the orthogonal step-growth of thiol-ene addition allows a less heterogeneous hydrogel network and more rapid crosslinking kinetics. CNC-SH reinforced the GGMMA hydrogel as both a nanofiller and a crosslinker to GGMMA resulting in an interpenetrating network via thiol-ene addition. Importantly, the mechanical stiffness of the GGMMA/CNC-SH hydrogel is mainly determined by the stoichiometric ratio between the thiol groups on CNC-SH and the methacrylate groups in GGMMA. Meanwhile, the bioactive glass nanoparticle (BaGNP)-laden hydrogels of GGMMA/CNC-SH showed a sustained release of therapeutic ions in simulated body fluid in vitro, which extended the bioactive function of hydrogel matrix. Furthermore, the suitability of the GGMMA/CNC-SH formulation as biomaterial resin to fabricate digitally designed hydrogel constructs via digital light processing (DLP) lithography printing was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Rajesh Koppolu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Bas van Bochove
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1D, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1D, Espoo FI-02150, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Stefan Willför
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku FI-20500, Finland; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
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18
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Fengler C, Spange S, Sommer M, Wilhelm M. Synthesis of Superabsorbent Poly(vinylamine) Core–Shell Particles Monitored by Time-Domain NMR. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fengler
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Spange
- Institute for Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute for Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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19
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Natural polymer-sourced interpenetrating network hydrogels: Fabrication, properties, mechanism and food applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Lian WZ, Fan ZW, Cui K, Yin P, Yang J, Jiang H, Tang L, Sun T. Tough Hydrogels with Dynamic H-Bonds: Structural Heterogeneities and Mechanical Performances. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhen Lian
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi Wei Fan
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, No.381, Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Taolin Sun
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Direct Evidence of Heteroleptic Complexation in the Macroscopic Dynamics of Metallo-supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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22
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Koziol MF, Fischer K, Seiffert S. Structural and Gelation Characteristics of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Model-Network Hydrogels Probed by Static and Dynamic Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Franziska Koziol
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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23
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Ihlenburg RBJ, Mai T, Thünemann AF, Baerenwald R, Saalwächter K, Koetz J, Taubert A. Sulfobetaine Hydrogels with a Complex Multilength-Scale Hierarchical Structure. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3398-3408. [PMID: 33769825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels with a hierarchical structure were prepared from a new highly water-soluble crosslinker N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-N,N'-bis(2-ethylmethacrylate)-propyl-1,3-diammonium dibromide and from the sulfobetaine monomer 2-(N-3-sulfopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium)ethyl methacrylate. The free radical polymerization of the two compounds is rapid and yields near-transparent hydrogels with sizes up to 5 cm in diameter. Rheology shows a clear correlation between the monomer-to-crosslinker ratio and the storage and loss moduli of the hydrogels. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering show that the gels have a hierarchical structure with features spanning the nanometer to the sub-millimeter scale. The NMR study is challenged by the marked inhomogeneity of the gels and the complex chemical structure of the sulfobetaine monomer. NMR spectroscopy shows how these complications can be addressed via a novel fitting approach that considers the mobility gradient along the side chain of methacrylate-based monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona B J Ihlenburg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Tobias Mai
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Baerenwald
- Institut für Physik-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik-NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
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24
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Coordination Geometry Preference Regulates the Structure and Dynamics of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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25
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Jangizehi A, Schmid F, Besenius P, Kremer K, Seiffert S. Defects and defect engineering in Soft Matter. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10809-10859. [PMID: 33306078 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter covers a wide range of materials based on linear or branched polymers, gels and rubbers, amphiphilic (macro)molecules, colloids, and self-assembled structures. These materials have applications in various industries, all highly important for our daily life, and they control all biological functions; therefore, controlling and tailoring their properties is crucial. One way to approach this target is defect engineering, which aims to control defects in the material's structure, and/or to purposely add defects into it to trigger specific functions. While this approach has been a striking success story in crystalline inorganic hard matter, both for mechanical and electronic properties, and has also been applied to organic hard materials, defect engineering is rarely used in soft matter design. In this review, we present a survey on investigations on defects and/or defect engineering in nine classes of soft matter composed of liquid crystals, colloids, linear polymers with moderate degree of branching, hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, conjugated polymers, polymeric networks, self-assembled amphiphiles and proteins, block copolymers and supramolecular polymers. This overview proposes a promising role of this approach for tuning the properties of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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26
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Pfeifer C, Cavalli F, Huber B, Theato P, Barner L, Wilhelm M. Investigation of the Porosity of Poly(sodium methacrylate) Hydrogels by
1
H‐NMR
T
2
‐Relaxation and Inverse Size‐Exclusion Chromatography. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Pfeifer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 18 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Federica Cavalli
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 18 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Birgit Huber
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG3) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 18 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG3) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- Centre for Materials Science School of Chemistry and Physics Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology 2 George St Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 18 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
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27
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Gombert Y, Roncoroni F, Sánchez-Ferrer A, Spencer ND. The hierarchical bulk molecular structure of poly(acrylamide) hydrogels: beyond the fishing net. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9789-9798. [PMID: 33001127 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The polymeric structure of hydrogels is commonly presented in the literature as resembling a fishing net. However, this simple view cannot fully capture all the unique properties of these materials. Crucial for a detailed description of the bulk structure in free-radical polymerized vinylic hydrogels is a thorough understanding of the cross-linker distribution. This work focuses on the precise role of the tetra-functional cross-linker in the hydrogel system: acrylamide-N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide). Clusters of crosslinker smaller than 4 nm and their agglomerates, as well as polymer domains with sizes from the 100 nm to the μm-range, have been identified by means of both X-ray and visible-light scattering. Placed in the context of the extensive literature on this system, these observations demonstrate the heterogeneous organisation of the polymer within the hydrogel network structure, and can be accounted for by the different polymerization behavior of the monomer and crosslinker. Together with polymer-network chain-length approximations based on swelling experiments and structural observations with scanning electron microscopy, these results indicate a hierarchical structure of the polymer network surrounding pockets of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gombert
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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28
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Yu C, Schimelman J, Wang P, Miller KL, Ma X, You S, Guan J, Sun B, Zhu W, Chen S. Photopolymerizable Biomaterials and Light-Based 3D Printing Strategies for Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10695-10743. [PMID: 32323975 PMCID: PMC7572843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the advent of additive manufacturing, known commonly as 3D printing, this technology has revolutionized the biofabrication landscape and driven numerous pivotal advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Many 3D printing methods were developed in short course after Charles Hull first introduced the power of stereolithography to the world. However, materials development was not met with the same enthusiasm and remained the bottleneck in the field for some time. Only in the past decade has there been deliberate development to expand the materials toolbox for 3D printing applications to meet the true potential of 3D printing technologies. Herein, we review the development of biomaterials suited for light-based 3D printing modalities with an emphasis on bioprinting applications. We discuss the chemical mechanisms that govern photopolymerization and highlight the application of natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials as 3D printed hydrogels. Because the quality of a 3D printed construct is highly dependent on both the material properties and processing technique, we included a final section on the theoretical and practical aspects behind light-based 3D printing as well as ways to employ that knowledge to troubleshoot and standardize the optimization of printing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jacob Schimelman
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Pengrui Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kathleen L Miller
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xuanyi Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shangting You
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiaao Guan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bingjie Sun
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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29
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Thünemann AF, Gruber A, Klinger D. Amphiphilic Nanogels: Fuzzy Spheres with a Pseudo-Periodic Internal Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10979-10988. [PMID: 32854501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer nanogels (NGs) are promising drug delivery vehicles that extend the application of conventional hydrophilic NGs to hydrophobic cargoes. By randomly introducing hydrophobic groups into a hydrophilic polymer network, loading and release profiles as well as surface characteristics of these colloids can be tuned. However, very little is known about the underlying internal structure of such complex colloidal architectures. Of special interest is the question how the amphiphilic network composition influences the internal morphology and the "fuzzy" surface structure. To shine light into the influence of varying network amphiphilicity on these structural features, we investigated a small library of water-swollen amphiphilic NGs using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was found that overall hydrophilic NGs, consisting of pure poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA), display a disordered internal structure as indicated by the absence of a SAXS peak. In contrast, a SAXS peak is present for amphiphilic NGs with various amounts of incorporated hydrophobic groups such as cholesteryl (CHOLA) or dodecyl (DODA). The internal composition of the NGs is considered structurally homologous to microgels. Application of the Teubner-Strey model reveals that hydrophilic PHPMA NGs have a disordered internal structure (positive amphiphilicity factor) while CHOLA and DODA samples have an ordered internal structure (negative amphiphilicity factor). From the SAXS data it can be derived that the internal structure of the amphiphilic NGs consists of regularly alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains with repeat distances of 3.45-5.83 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Curing behavior, chain dynamics, and microstructure of high Tg thiol-acrylate networks with systematically varied network heterogeneity. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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31
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Drebezghova V, Gojzewski H, Allal A, Hempenius MA, Nardin C, Vancso GJ. Network Mesh Nanostructures in Cross‐Linked Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Visualized by AFM. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Drebezghova
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourE2S UPPACNRSIPREMTechnopôle Hélioparc 2 avenue du Président Angot Pau 64053 France
- Materials Science and Technology of PolymersFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede NB 7522 The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Gojzewski
- Materials Science and Technology of PolymersFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede NB 7522 The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Allal
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourE2S UPPACNRSIPREMTechnopôle Hélioparc 2 avenue du Président Angot Pau 64053 France
| | - Mark A. Hempenius
- Materials Science and Technology of PolymersFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede NB 7522 The Netherlands
| | - Corinne Nardin
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'AdourE2S UPPACNRSIPREMTechnopôle Hélioparc 2 avenue du Président Angot Pau 64053 France
| | - G. Julius Vancso
- Materials Science and Technology of PolymersFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Twente Drienerlolaan 5 Enschede NB 7522 The Netherlands
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32
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Efficiency range of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction to induce the self-organization of transient bonds in metallo-supramolecular polymeric systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14965-14975. [PMID: 32588852 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The periodic change of the oxidation state of the metal catalyst in the oscillating Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction has been reported to establish a periodic organization of metallo-supramolecular bonds in polymeric systems, which results in autonomous viscosity oscillations. To appraise the possible extent of quantitative control on the viscosity oscillation features, we assess how the kinetics of the BZ reaction affects the periodic self-organization of the metal-ligand coordination, and vice versa. Our model system includes mono-, bis-, and tetra-functional polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precursors end grafted with terpyridine ligands that are complexed with ruthenium ions, which oscillate between Ru2+ and Ru3+ oxidation states in the BZ reaction medium. The control parameters are divided into microscopic factors, which are responsible for the local reaction rate, and mesoscopic factors, which are responsible for the spatial distribution of the concentration patterns. The reactant concentrations are found to nonlinearly control the amplitude and periods of reduction and oxidation phases, independent of the precursor functionalization degree. An increased medium viscosity, and therewith cease of mixing, accelerates the reaction rate by localization of the reaction phases, even though the diffusion of reaction intermediates causes a periodic chemical wave with distinct harmonics. Time-course viscosity measurements of the tetra-arm precursors in the BZ medium demonstrate an initial overshoot followed by minor oscillations around a plateau that is significantly lower than the viscosity of an equivalent fully associated network. Apparently, the slow association kinetics of Ru2+-bis(terpyridine) limits the frequency and the extent of self-organization, and this way, avoids full establishment of the expected viscosity oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. and Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Fan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University,
N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University,
N21W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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34
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Ahmadi M, Seiffert S. Dynamic Model Metallo‐Supramolecular Dual‐Network Hydrogels with Independently Tunable Network Crosslinks. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color TechnologyAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz D‐55128 Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz D‐55128 Duesbergweg 10‐14 Mainz Germany
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35
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Okaya Y, Jochi Y, Seki T, Satoh K, Kamigaito M, Hoshino T, Nakatani T, Fujinami S, Takata M, Takeoka Y. Precise Synthesis of a Homogeneous Thermoresponsive Polymer Network Composed of Four-Branched Star Polymers with a Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuumi Okaya
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuto Jochi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Taiki Hoshino
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Nakatani
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - So Fujinami
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Takata
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aobaku, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yukikazu Takeoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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36
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Legrand A, Craig GA, Bonneau M, Minami S, Urayama K, Furukawa S. Understanding the multiscale self-assembly of metal-organic polyhedra towards functionally graded porous gels. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10833-10842. [PMID: 32110353 PMCID: PMC7012067 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial heterogeneity and gradients within porous materials are key for controlling their mechanical properties and mass/energy transport, both in biological and synthetic materials. However, it is still challenging to induce such complexity in well-defined microporous materials such as crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Here we show a method to generate a continuous gradient of porosity over multiple length scales by taking advantage of the amorphous nature of supramolecular polymers based on metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs). First, we use time-resolved dynamic light scattering (TRDLS) to elucidate the mechanism of hierarchical self-assembly of MOPs into colloidal gels and to understand the relationship between the MOP concentrations and the architecture of the resulting colloidal networks. These features directly impact the viscoelastic response of the gels and their mechanical strength. We then show that gradients of stiffness and porosity can be created within the gel by applying centrifugal force at the point of colloidal aggregation. These results with the creation of asymmetric and graded pore configuration in soft materials could lead to the emergence of advanced properties that are coupled to asymmetric molecule/ion transport as seen in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan .
| | - Gavin A Craig
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan .
| | - Mickaele Bonneau
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan .
| | - Saori Minami
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering , Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8585 , Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) , Kyoto University , Yoshida, Sakyo-ku , Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan .
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry , Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
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37
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Cavalli F, Pfeifer C, Arens L, Barner L, Wilhelm M. Analysis of the Local Mobility of RAFT Mediated Poly(acrylic acid) Networks via Low Field
1
H‐NMR Techniques for Investigation of the Network Topology. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cavalli
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratories Institute for Biological Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christoph Pfeifer
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lukas Arens
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratories Institute for Biological Interfaces Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology 2 George St Brisbane Queensland 4000 Australia
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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38
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Liu W, Gong X, Zhu Y, Wang J, Ngai T, Wu C. Probing Sol–Gel Matrices and Dynamics of Star PEG Hydrogels Near Overlap Concentration. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangjun Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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39
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Ahmadi M, Löser L, Fischer K, Saalwächter K, Seiffert S. Connectivity Defects and Collective Assemblies in Model Metallo‐Supramolecular Dual‐Network Hydrogels. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmadi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Lucas Löser
- Institut für Physik‐NMR Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Betty‐Heimann‐Str. 7 D‐06120 Halle Germany
| | - Karl Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik‐NMR Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Betty‐Heimann‐Str. 7 D‐06120 Halle Germany
| | - Sebastian Seiffert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10‐14 D‐55128 Mainz Germany
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40
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Sun H, Wang Z, He Y. Direct Observation of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneous Gelation by Rotational Tracking of a Single Anisotropic Nanoprobe. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11334-11342. [PMID: 31589398 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polymer network gels usually exhibit spatial heterogeneity of local defects and cross-link density, which can affect their elasticity on the microscopic scale differently. The ability to evaluate the formation and distribution of these heterogeneities is important for guiding the application of gels in biology, medicine, and separation science. Previously, it has been reported that single-particle tracking based microrheology could provide local properties of gel networks with high resolution; however, the particle probes have been limited to spherical micro/nanotracers undergoing translational motions. In this work, we used single gold nanorods (AuNRs) as rotational microrheology probes to study the polyacrylamide gelation process by dual-channel polarization dark-field microscopy. The AuNRs were in Brownian motion during the initial stages of the gelation. As the reaction continues, individual AuNRs are confined locally and almost lost translational motion, but still maintained rotational motion. As the reaction proceeded further, the rotation state of the AuNRs gradually changed from free rotation in 3D to restricted rotation in 2D and eventually stopped completely. The appearance of the intermediate 2D plane indicated the existence of localized anisotropic compression of the gel during the heterogeneous gelation process. Our method can be further applied to investigate the formation of different polymer gels and a wide variety of heterogeneous biophysical and soft material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials , Qingdao University , Qingdao , 266071 , China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials , Qingdao University , Qingdao , 266071 , China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , China
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41
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Banc A, Pincemaille J, Costanzo S, Chauveau E, Appavou MS, Morel MH, Menut P, Ramos L. Phase separation dynamics of gluten protein mixtures. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6160-6170. [PMID: 31317157 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00966c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate by time-resolved synchrotron ultra-small X-ray scattering the dynamics of liquid-liquid phase-separation (LLPS) of gluten protein suspensions following a temperature quench. Samples at a fixed concentration (237 mg ml-1) but with different protein compositions are investigated. In our experimental conditions, we show that fluid viscoelastic samples depleted in polymeric glutenin phase-separate following a spinodal decomposition process. We quantitatively probe the late stage coarsening that results from a competition between thermodynamics that speeds up the coarsening rate as the quench depth increases and transport that slows down the rate. For even deeper quenches, the even higher viscoelasticity of the continuous phase leads to a "quasi" arrested phase separation. Anomalous phase-separation dynamics is by contrast measured for a gel sample rich in glutenin, due to elastic constraints. This work illustrates the role of viscoelasticity in the dynamics of LLPS in protein dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Banc
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Justine Pincemaille
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France. and Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Emergentes (IATE), Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Salvatore Costanzo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Edouard Chauveau
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marie-Hélène Morel
- Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Emergentes (IATE), Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Menut
- Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Emergentes (IATE), Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France and Ingénierie Procédés Aliments, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Massy, France
| | - Laurence Ramos
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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42
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Monitoring food structure during digestion using small-angle scattering and imaging techniques. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Koziol M, Fischer K, Seiffert S. Origin of the low-frequency plateau and the light-scattering slow mode in semidilute poly(ethylene glycol) solutions. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:2666-2676. [PMID: 30839030 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A low-frequency plateau is often found in the rheological spectra of various kinds of semidilute solutions of polymers and other colloids; also, many such solutions have been reported to show slow-modes in their dynamic light scattering autocorrelation functions. Both these observations may lead to the hypothesis of weak associative network structures built by the dissolved polymer chains or colloidal building blocks. To challenge this hypothesis, we conduct a series of comparative studies on semidilute solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) by using classical rheology as well as passive microrheology based on dynamic light scattering, along with structural studies using static light scattering. Although we indeed find a low-frequency plateau using classical shear rheology, even at elevated temperatures where potential polymer aggregates should be broken, no such plateau is observed in any of our microrheology experiments. Also, dynamic and static light scattering studies on the polymer solutions do not confirm the presence of larger structural entities: no slow mode can be detected in the autocorrelation function of the scattering intensity signal, and this signal is angle independent if the samples are purified by a thorough procedure of filtration. Based on these findings, we conclude that the low-frequency plateau in classical rheology results is an instrument effect caused by erroneous recording of the phase angle, although the magnitude of the torque lies well within the resolution of the rheometer. We also conclude that slow modes in dynamic light scattering on solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) are impurity-based artifacts rather than due to actual associated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Koziol
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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44
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An Q, Wessely ID, Matt Y, Hassan Z, Bräse S, Tsotsalas M. Recycling and self-healing of dynamic covalent polymer networks with a precisely tuneable crosslinking degree. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent polymer networks combine intrinsic reversibility with the robustness of covalent bonds, creating chemically stable materials that are responsive to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Isabelle D. Wessely
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Yannick Matt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)
| | - Manuel Tsotsalas
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)
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45
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46
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Fu J. Strong and tough hydrogels crosslinked by multi-functional polymer colloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Polymers and Composites Division & Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo 315201 China
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47
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Rattan S, Li L, Lau HK, Crosby AJ, Kiick KL. Micromechanical characterization of soft, biopolymeric hydrogels: stiffness, resilience, and failure. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3478-3489. [PMID: 29700541 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the local structure-property relationships in soft biopolymeric hydrogels can be instrumental for applications in regenerative tissue engineering. Resilin-like polypeptide (RLP) hydrogels have been previously demonstrated as useful biomaterials with a unique combination of low elastic moduli, excellent resilience, and cell-adhesive properties. However, comprehensive mechanical characterization of RLP hydrogels under both low-strain and high-strain conditions has not yet been conducted, despite the unique information such measurements can provide about the local structure and macromolecular behavior underpinning mechanical properties. In this study, mechanical properties (elastic modulus, resilience, and fracture initiation toughness) of equilibrium swollen resilin-based hydrogels were characterized via oscillatory shear rheology, small-strain microindentation, and large-strain puncture tests as a function of polypeptide concentration. These methods allowed characterization, for the first time, of the resilience and failure in hydrogels with low polypeptide concentrations (<20 wt%), as the employed methods obviate the handling difficulties inherent in the characterization of such soft materials via standard mechanical techniques, allowing characterization without any special sample preparation and requiring minimal volumes (as low as 50 μL). Elastic moduli measured from small-strain microindentation showed good correlation with elastic storage moduli obtained from oscillatory shear rheology at a comparable applied strain rate, and evaluation of multiple loading-unloading cycles revealed decreased resilience values at lower hydrogel concentrations. In addition, large-strain indentation-to-failure (or puncture) tests were performed to measure large-strain mechanical response and fracture toughness on length scales similar to biological cells (∼10-50 μm) at various polypeptide concentrations, indicating very high fracture initiation toughness for high-concentration hydrogels. Our results establish the utility of employing microscale mechanical methods for the characterization of the local mechanical properties of biopolymeric hydrogels of low concentrations (<20 wt%), and show how the combination of small and large-strain measurements can provide unique insight into structure-property relationships for biopolymeric elastomers. Overall, this study provides new insight into the effects on local mechanical properties of polypeptide concentration near the overlap polymer concentration c* for resilin-based hydrogels, confirming their unique elastomeric features for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Rattan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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48
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Saalwächter K, Seiffert S. Dynamics-based assessment of nanoscopic polymer-network mesh structures and their defects. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1976-1991. [PMID: 29504001 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-network gels often exhibit complex nanoscopic architectures. First, the polymer-network mesh topology on scales of 1-10 nm is usually not uniform and regular, but disordered and irregular. Second, on top of that, many swollen polymer networks display spatial inhomogeneity of their polymer segmental density and crosslinking density on scales of 10-100 nm. This multi-scale structural complexity affects the permeability, mechanical strength, and optical clarity of the polymer gels, which is of central relevance for their performance in popular applications. As a result, there is a need to characterize the polymer network structures on multiple scales. On the scale of the spatial inhomogeneity of crosslinking, 10-100 nm, scattering of neutrons, X-rays, and light has extraordinary utility and is well established. On the scale of the mesh topology, 1-10 nm, in contrast, experimental techniques are less established. This review intends to close this gap by reviewing two intrinsically dynamic methods that yield information on polymer network mesh structures. First, NMR-based assessment of residual dipolar proton-spin couplings, which arise upon the introduction of crosslinks into a liquidlike polymer system to impart partial solidlike characteristics, is suitable to quantitatively assess network meshes and local network defects. Second, diffusive penetration of molecular, macromolecular, and mesoscopic colloidal probes through a polymer gel provides insight into its obstructing network mesh structure and its potential irregularity. Either method is highly synergistic to scattering-based assessment of the network structures on larger scales, and in concert, a rich picture on the nano- and mesoscopic gel topology is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Saalwächter
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Physics - NMR Group, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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49
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Campanella A, Döhler D, Binder WH. Self-Healing in Supramolecular Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700739. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Campanella
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry; Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Diana Döhler
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry; Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry; Physics and Mathematics)Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Creton
- Laboratoire
de Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS,
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne-Universités, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Global
Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research
and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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