1
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Rajeshkumar L, Kumar PS, Ramesh M, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S. Assessment of biodegradation of lignocellulosic fiber-based composites - A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127237. [PMID: 37804890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the most extensively used modern-day materials with low density and better specific strength specifically developed to render better physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Synthetic fiber-reinforced composites face some serious issues like low biodegradability, non-environmentally friendly, and low disposability. Lignocellulosic or natural fiber-reinforced composites, which are developed from various plant-based fibers and animal-based fibers are considered potential substitutes for synthetic fiber composites because they are characterized by lightweight, better biodegradability, and are available at low cost. It is very much essential to study end-of-life (EoL) conditions like biodegradability for the biocomposites which occur commonly after their service life. During biodegradation, the physicochemical arrangement of the natural fibers, the environmental conditions, and the microbial populations, to which the natural fiber composites are exposed, play the most influential factors. The current review focuses on a comprehensive discussion of the standards and assessment methods of biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions on a laboratory scale. This review is expected to serve the materialists and technologists who work on the EoL behaviour of various materials, particularly in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites to apply these standards and test methods to various classes of biocomposites for developing sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rajeshkumar
- Centre for Machining and Materials Testing, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sathish Kumar
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Wang Z, Cui F, Sui Y, Yan J. Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1580-1603. [PMID: 37915554 PMCID: PMC10616707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feichen Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
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3
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Shen G, Zhao Y, Ma M, Wang Y, Hao X, Yuan G. Enhancing the Initial Whiteness and Long-Term Thermal Stability of Polyvinyl Chloride by Utilizing Layered Double Hydroxides with Low Surface Basicity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041043. [PMID: 36850327 PMCID: PMC9964640 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of surface basicity on the performance of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as heat stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). LDHs with varying surface basicity were synthesized and characterized using XRD, SEM, BET, and CO2-TPD. The LDHs were then combined with zinc stearate and dibenzoylmethane to create an environmentally friendly heat stabilizer and added to PVC. The resulting PVC composites were evaluated for thermal stability using the oven-aging method. The results showed that a lower Mg/Al molar ratio (2.0) improved the initial whiteness and long-term thermal stability of PVC composites compared to higher ratios (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5). Replacing Mg with Zn in the LDHs had a similar effect to that of reducing the Mg/Al ratio. Crosslinking the laminae of LDHs with 5% silane coupling agent KH-560 reduced the surface basicity of LDHs by 79%, increasing the chromaticity index, b*, and thermal stability time of PVC composites by 48% and 14%, respectively. A descriptive relationship was established between the structure and surface basicity of LDHs and the initial whiteness and long-term thermal stability of PVC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Mingxin Ma
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
| | - Xiangying Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guodong Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (G.Y.)
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4
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Abreu CM, Rezende TC, Serra AC, Fonseca AC, Braslau R, Coelho JF. Convenient and industrially viable internal plasticization of Poly(Vinyl chloride): Copolymerization of vinyl chloride and commercial monomers. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Mijangos C, Calafel I, Santamaría A. Poly(vinyl chloride), a historical polymer still evolving. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Abreu CM, Fonseca AC, Rodrigues DF, Rezende TC, Marques JR, Tomás AJ, Gonçalves PM, Serra AC, Coelho JF. Preparation of nonmigratory flexible poly(vinyl chloride)-b-poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(vinyl chloride) via aqueous reversible deactivation radical polymerization in a pilot reactor. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Jin Z, Wang H, Hu X, Liu Y, Hu Y, Zhao S, Zhu N, Fang Z, Guo K. Anionic polymerizations in a microreactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00360g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anionic polymerizations in a microreactor enable fast mixing, high-level control, and scale-up synthesis of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Huiyue Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Yihuan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Yujing Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Shuangfei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
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8
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Tierno M, Pascual B, Conde JI, Badillo G, Hogt AH, Vanduffel K, Calafel MI, Santamaría A. Better Color and Thermal Stability of Suspension PVC Produced on an Industrial Scale by the Continuous Initiator Dosing Technology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tierno
- Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, ERCROS S.A., Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pascual
- Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, ERCROS S.A., Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Conde
- Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, ERCROS S.A., Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Badillo
- Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, ERCROS S.A., Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - André H. Hogt
- NOURYON Polymer Specialties, Zutphenseweg 10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Vanduffel
- NOURYON Polymer Specialties, Zutphenseweg 10, 7418 AJ Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - M. Itxaso Calafel
- Institute of Polymer Materials (POLYMAT) and Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antxon Santamaría
- Institute of Polymer Materials (POLYMAT) and Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Skelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Longbo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Braslau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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10
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Pereira P, Serra AC, Coelho JF. Vinyl Polymer-based technologies towards the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Benchaphanthawee W, Peng CH. Organo-Cobalt Complexes in Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3628-3647. [PMID: 34132014 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes have played an essential role in different chemical reactions. One of them that has attracted substantial attention in polymer science is cobalt mediated radical polymerization (CMRP), which is famous for its remarkable efficiency in controlling the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and other less active monomers (LAMs). Two pathways, reversible termination (RT) and degenerative transfer (DT), were recognized to control the polymerization in CMRP and could be further used to rationalize the mechanism of other RDRP methods. These control mechanisms were then found to be correlated to the redox potential of cobalt complexes and thus could be judged more quantitatively. The control of polymer composition and tacticity could also be achieved by using CMRP. The hybridization of CMRP and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) could directly synthesize the vinyl acetate/methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate/styrene block copolymers in one pot. The copolymer of acrylates and 1-octene could be obtained by visible-light-induced CMRP. With the addition of bulky Lewis acid, CMRP of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) showed high isotacticities with the contents of meso dyads (m) and meso triads (mm) up to 94 % and 87 %, respectively, and generated the crystalline PDMA with Tm as high as 276 °C. This personal account reviewed the development of CMRP with the mechanistic understanding, the control of composition and stereoselectivity of the polymeric products, and its perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachara Benchaphanthawee
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-How Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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12
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Sun Z, Mi X, Yu Y, Shi W, Feng A, Moad G, Thang SH. “All-PVC” Flexible Poly(vinyl Chloride): Nonmigratory Star-Poly(vinyl Chloride) as Plasticizers for PVC by RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xing Mi
- Beijing East Simulation Software Technology Co., Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Math and Engineering, Puyang Vocational and Technical College, Puyang 457000, Henan, China
| | - Wencheng Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Anchao Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Graeme Moad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Ding M, Zhang X, Mi X, Zhang M, Guo W, Pei M. Preparation and dispersion properties of polycarbonate superplasticizers based on RAFT polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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De Bon F, Abreu CMR, Serra AC, Gennaro A, Coelho JFJ, Isse AA. Catalytic Halogen Exchange in Supplementary Activator and Reducing Agent Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for the Synthesis of Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000532. [PMID: 33289265 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of block copolymers (BCPs) by catalytic halogen exchange (cHE) is reported, using supplemental activator and reducing agent Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SARA ATRP). The cHE mechanism is based on the use of a small amount of a copper catalyst in the presence of a suitable excess of halide ions, for the synthesis of block copolymers from macroinitiators with monomers of mismatching reactivity. cHE overcomes the problem of inefficient initiation in block copolymerizations in which the second monomer provides dormant species that are more reactive than the initiator. Model macroinitiators with low dispersity are prepared and extended to afford well-defined block copolymers of various compositions. Combined cHE/SARA ATRP is therefore a simple and potent polymerization tool for the copolymerization of a wide range of monomers allowing the production of tailored block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Bon
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Carlos M R Abreu
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, Coimbra, 3030-790, Portugal
| | - Abdirisak A Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova, 35131, Italy
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15
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Ye W, Chen Q, Chen Z, Wen Z, Liao Z. Improvement of the processability and thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) with 5,6‐diamino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ye
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi Wen
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Zhengfu Liao
- Department of Polymeric Materials and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
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16
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Wolpers A, Baffie F, Verrieux L, Perrin L, Monteil V, D'Agosto F. Iodine-Transfer Polymerization (ITP) of Ethylene and Copolymerization with Vinyl Acetate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19304-19310. [PMID: 32667118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization of ethylene using different commercially available, cheap, and non-toxic iodo alkyls is performed by iodine transfer polymerization (ITP) under mild conditions (≤100 °C and ≤200 bar). The formed well-defined iodo end-capped polyethylene (PE-I) species is very stable upon storage. Narrow molar-mass distributions (dispersities around 1.6) were obtained up to number average molar masses of 7300 g mol-1 . The ethylene copolymerization by ITP (ITcoP) with vinyl acetate allowed to form a broad range of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) containing from 0 to 85 mol % of VAc unit. In addition, EVA-b-PE block copolymers or EVA-b-EVA gradient block copolymers with different content of VAc in the blocks were obtained for the first time using ITP. Finally, reactivity trends were explored by a theoretical mechanistic study. This highly versatile synthetic platform provides a straightforward access to a diverse range of well-defined PE based polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolpers
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Laboratoire C2P2, Équipe LCPP, 69616, Villeurbanne, CEDEX, France
| | - F Baffie
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Laboratoire C2P2, Équipe LCPP, 69616, Villeurbanne, CEDEX, France
| | - L Verrieux
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - L Perrin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5246, ICBMS, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - V Monteil
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Laboratoire C2P2, Équipe LCPP, 69616, Villeurbanne, CEDEX, France
| | - F D'Agosto
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Laboratoire C2P2, Équipe LCPP, 69616, Villeurbanne, CEDEX, France
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17
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Environmentally benign production of cupric oxide nanoparticles and various utilizations of their polymeric hybrids in different technologies. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Wolpers A, Baffie F, Verrieux L, Perrin L, Monteil V, D'Agosto F. Iodine‐Transfer Polymerization (ITP) of Ethylene and Copolymerization with Vinyl Acetate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Wolpers
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - F. Baffie
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - L. Verrieux
- Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon INSA-Lyon CNRS, UMR 5246, ICBMS 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - L. Perrin
- Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon INSA-Lyon CNRS, UMR 5246, ICBMS 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - V. Monteil
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - F. D'Agosto
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
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19
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Wang Y, Song E, Pei Y, Li C, Liu J. Theoretical Study of Fast Calculation of Damping Loss Factors for Rubber Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6025-6031. [PMID: 32639736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rubber polymers as acoustic damping materials are widely used in industrial sectors. However, there is still no theoretical method to rapidly predict the damping properties of rubber polymers. Here we propose a theoretical method for the fast calculation of damping loss factors in rubber polymers. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to construct the optimal configuration of internal polymer chains with density as the descriptor in order to calculate the mechanical properties and thus the damping loss factors. The acceptable difference between the calculated and experimental damping loss factors shows that the proposed method is efficient to predict the intrinsic damping properties of rubber polymers. Through studying the relationship among composition, microstructure, and the damping property, we found that the carbon-carbon skeletal chains with lateral methyl groups produce high damping properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongwei Pei
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road, No. 1, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Chong Li
- School of Materials and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Daxue Road, No. 1, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Sun Z, Wang M, Li Z, Choi B, Mulder RJ, Feng A, Moad G, Thang SH. Versatile Approach for Preparing PVC-Based Mikto-Arm Star Additives Based on RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Roger J. Mulder
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Anchao Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Graeme Moad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - San H. Thang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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21
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Rezende TC, Abreu CM, Fonseca AC, Higa CM, Li L, Serra AC, Braslau R, Coelho JF. Efficient internal plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) via free radical copolymerization of vinyl chloride with an acrylate bearing a triazole phthalate mimic. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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De Bon F, Ribeiro DCM, Abreu CMR, Rebelo RAC, Isse AA, Serra AC, Gennaro A, Matyjaszewski K, Coelho JFJ. Under pressure: electrochemically-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of vinyl chloride. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00995d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically mediated ATRP (eATRP) of vinyl chloride (VC), a less activated monomer, was successfully achieved. It is the first report on eATRP of a gaseous monomer under pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Bon
- University of Coimbra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering
- Materials and Processes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II
| | - Diana C. M. Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering
- Materials and Processes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II
| | - Carlos M. R. Abreu
- University of Coimbra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering
- Materials and Processes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II
| | - Rafael A. C. Rebelo
- University of Coimbra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering
- Materials and Processes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II
| | - Abdirisak A. Isse
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- University of Coimbra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering
- Materials and Processes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II
| | - Armando Gennaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | | | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- University of Coimbra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering
- Materials and Processes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II
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23
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Abreu CMR, Rezende TC, Fonseca AC, Guliashvili T, Bergerbit C, D’Agosto F, Yu LJ, Serra AC, Coote ML, Coelho JFJ. Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride at Ambient Temperature Using Macromolecular Design via the Interchange of Xanthate: Kinetic and Computational Studies. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. R. Abreu
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Talita C. Rezende
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Fonseca
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tamaz Guliashvili
- Cytosorbents, Inc., 7 Deer Park Drive, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey 08852, United States
| | - Cédric Bergerbit
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Villeurbanne 69616 CEDEX, France
| | - Franck D’Agosto
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Villeurbanne 69616 CEDEX, France
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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24
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Wolpers A, Bergerbit C, Ebeling B, D'Agosto F, Monteil V. Aromatic Xanthates and Dithiocarbamates for the Polymerization of Ethylene through Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Wolpers
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Cédric Bergerbit
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Bastian Ebeling
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Vincent Monteil
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
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25
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Wolpers A, Bergerbit C, Ebeling B, D'Agosto F, Monteil V. Aromatic Xanthates and Dithiocarbamates for the Polymerization of Ethylene through Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14295-14302. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Wolpers
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Cédric Bergerbit
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Bastian Ebeling
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
| | - Vincent Monteil
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Laboratoire C2P2 Équipe LCPP 69616 Villeurbanne, CEDEX France
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26
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Tian W, Li Z, Zhang K, Ge Z. Facile synthesis of exfoliated vermiculite nanosheets as a thermal stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride resin. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19675-19679. [PMID: 35519362 PMCID: PMC9065315 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02134e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-defined vermiculite (VMT) nanosheets have been exfoliated from mineral VMT by a water-assisted anion-exchange approach. The resultant VMT nanosheets are utilized as a thermal stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to resist dehydrochlorination of PVC. As expected, the color-blackening onset of PVC is delayed after incorporating VMT nanosheets, and the thermal stability improves with reducing the particle size of the VMT nanosheets. The dehydrochlorination temperature appears to be increased by 13 °C for the PVC resin with 6 wt% VMT additive. The improved thermal stability is attributed to the negatively charged laminates of VMT that stabilize hydrogen chloride produced from thermal degradation of PVC. This work not only provides a cost-effective approach to prepare VMT nanosheets but also presents new insight towards the design of thermal stabilizers. Well-defined vermiculite nanosheets are exfoliated by a facile water-assisted anion-exchange approach. As its negatively charged laminates can stabilize hydrogen chloride, the VMT nanosheets show excellent thermal stability for PVC resin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar 843300 P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar 843300 P. R. China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar 843300 P. R. China .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering in South Xinjiang, College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar 843300 P. R. China
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27
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Mendonça PV, Ribeiro JPM, Abreu CMR, Guliashvili T, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ. Thiourea Dioxide As a Green and Affordable Reducing Agent for the ARGET ATRP of Acrylates, Methacrylates, Styrene, Acrylonitrile, and Vinyl Chloride. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:315-319. [PMID: 35650835 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thiourea dioxide, a green and inexpensive compound used at industrial scale, was employed as reducing agent for the controlled polymerization of a wide range of monomer families, namely, acrylates (methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methacrylates (2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, and methyl methacrylate), styrene, acrylonitrile, and vinyl chloride (nonactivated monomer) by ATRP. Mechanistic studies confirmed that the polymerizations are ruled by the activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) mechanism. It is worth noting that vinyl chloride has never been polymerized by ARGET ATRP. The system proved to be very versatile and robust, working in organic solvents, organic/water mixtures, and aqueous medium at near room temperature with low metal catalyst concentration. Chain extension experiments confirmed the high chain-end functionality of the polymers, allowing the preparation of several well-defined block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia V. Mendonça
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jessica P. M. Ribeiro
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. R. Abreu
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tamaz Guliashvili
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Cytosorbents Inc. 7 Deer Park Drive, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey 08852, United States
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Massoumi B, Abbasian M, Mohammad‐Rezaei R, Farnudiyan‐Habibi A, Jaymand M. Polystyrene‐modified novolac epoxy resin/clay nanocomposite: Synthesis, and characterization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rahim Mohammad‐Rezaei
- Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Basic SciencesAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Amir Farnudiyan‐Habibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research CenterKermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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29
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Nonmigratory Poly(vinyl chloride)-block-polycaprolactone Plasticizers and Compatibilizers Prepared by Sequential RAFT and Ring-Opening Polymerization (RAFT-T̵-ROP). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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