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He Q, Ning J, Chen H, Jiang Z, Wang J, Chen D, Zhao C, Liu Z, Perepichka IF, Meng H, Huang W. Achievements, challenges, and perspectives in the design of polymer binders for advanced lithium-ion batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7091-7157. [PMID: 38845536 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00366g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Energy storage devices with high power and energy density are in demand owing to the rapidly growing population, and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are promising rechargeable energy storage devices. However, there are many issues associated with the development of electrode materials with a high theoretical capacity, which need to be addressed before their commercialization. Extensive research has focused on the modification and structural design of electrode materials, which are usually expensive and sophisticated. Besides, polymer binders are pivotal components for maintaining the structural integrity and stability of electrodes in LIBs. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a commercial binder with superior electrochemical stability, but its poor adhesion, insufficient mechanical properties, and low electronic and ionic conductivity hinder its wide application as a high-capacity electrode material. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in developing different polymeric materials (based on natural polymers and synthetic non-conductive and electronically conductive polymers) as binders for the anodes and cathodes in LIBs. The influence of the mechanical, adhesion, and self-healing properties as well as electronic and ionic conductivity of polymers on the capacity, capacity retention, rate performance and cycling life of batteries is discussed. Firstly, we analyze the failure mechanisms of binders based on the operation principle of lithium-ion batteries, introducing two models of "interface failure" and "degradation failure". More importantly, we propose several binder parameters applicable to most lithium-ion batteries and systematically consider and summarize the relationships between the chemical structure and properties of the binder at the molecular level. Subsequently, we select silicon and sulfur active electrode materials as examples to discuss the design principles of the binder from a molecular structure point of view. Finally, we present our perspectives on the development directions of binders for next-generation high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. We hope that this review will guide researchers in the further design of novel efficient binders for lithium-ion batteries at the molecular level, especially for high energy density electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Jiaoyi Ning
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hongming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dinghui Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Changbin Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Igor F Perepichka
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody Street 9, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics (CONE), Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego Street 22b, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Liu Q, Yu Z, Zhang B. Tackling the Challenges of Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries via Polymer-Derived Strategies. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300255. [PMID: 37417207 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gathered unprecedented interest recently benefiting from their intrinsic safety, affordability, and environmental benignity. Nevertheless, their practical implementation is hampered by low rate performance, inferior Zn2+ diffusion kinetics, and undesired parasitic reactions. Innovative solutions are put forth to address these issues by optimizing the electrodes, separators, electrolytes, and interfaces. Remarkably, polymers with inherent properties of low-density, high processability, structural flexibility, and superior stability show great promising in tackling the challenges. Herein, the recent progress in the synthesis and customization of functional polymers in aqueous ZIBs is outlined. The recent implementations of polymers into each component are summarized, with a focus on the inherent mechanisms underlying their unique functions. The challenges of incorporating polymers into practical ZIBs are also discussed and possible solutions to circumvent them are proposed. It is hoped that such a deep analysis could accelerate the design of polymer-derived approaches to boost the performance of ZIBs and other aqueous battery systems as they share similarities in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhenlu Yu
- Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Tang S, Mei Q, Zhai Y, Liu Y. Cation-polymerized artificial SEI layer modified Li metal applied in soft-matter polymer electrolyte. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:335401. [PMID: 38729124 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad49ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Li metal batteries with polymer electrolyte are of great interest for next-generation batteries for high safety and high energy density. However, uneven deposition on the lithium metal surface can greatly affect battery life. Therefore, surface modification on the Li metal become necessary to achieve good performance. Herein, an artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) modified lithium metal anode is prepared using cation-polymerization process, as triggered by PF5generated from CsPF6. As a result, the polarization voltage of Li||Li symmetric battery assembled with artificial SEI-modified Li metal anode was stable with a small over-potential of 25 mV after 3000 h at current density of 1.5 mA cm-2. Electrochemical performance of Li||NCM 622 (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) full cell with soft-matter polymer electrolyte is significantly improved than bare Li-metal, the capacity retention is 75% after 120 cycles with N/P = 3:1 at a cut-off voltage of 4.3 V. Our work has shed lights on the commercialization of Li metal battery with polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Mei
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Zhai
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Liu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
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Sun Y, Li J, Xu S, Zhou H, Guo S. Molecular Engineering toward Robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311687. [PMID: 38081135 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) with high energy density are becoming increasingly important in global sustainability initiatives. However, uncontrollable dendrite seeds, inscrutable interfacial chemistry, and repetitively formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) have severely hindered the advancement of LMBs. Organic molecules have been ingeniously engineered to construct targeted SEI and effectively minimize the above issues. In this review, multiple organic molecules, including polymer, fluorinated molecules, and organosulfur, are comprehensively summarized and insights into how to construct the corresponding elastic, fluorine-rich, and organosulfur-containing SEIs are provided. A variety of meticulously selected cases are analyzed in depth to support the arguments of molecular design in SEI. Specifically, the evolution of organic molecules-derived SEI is discussed and corresponding design principles are proposed, which are beneficial in guiding researchers to understand and architect SEI based on organic molecules. This review provides a design guideline for constructing organic molecule-derived SEI and will inspire more researchers to concentrate on the exploitation of LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jingchang Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Haoshen Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shaohua Guo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Lab of Power and Energy Storage Batteries, Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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Wang C, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Sun J. Aliphatic Hyperbranched Polycarbonates Solid Polymer Electrolytes with High Li-Ion Transference Number for Lithium Metal Batteries. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300645. [PMID: 38227948 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this work, hyperbranched polycarbonate-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (HBPC-SEs) are successfully synthesized via a straightforward organo-catalyzed "A1"+"B2"-ring-opening polymerization approach. The temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of HBPC-SEs, composed of different polycarbonate linkages and various LiTFSI concentrations, is investigated. The results demonstrate that HBPC-SE with an ether-carbonate alternating structure exhibits superior ionic conductivity, attributed to the solubility of Li salts in the polymer matrix and the mobility of the polymer segments. The HBPC1-SE with 30 wt% LiTFSI presents the highest ionic conductivities of 2.15 × 10-5, 1.78 × 10-4, and 6.07 × 10-4 Scm-1 at 30, 60, and 80 °C, respectively. Compared to traditional PEO-based electrolytes, the incorporation of polycarbonate segments significantly enhances the electrochemical stability window (5 V) and Li+ transference number (0.53) of HBPC-SEs. Furthermore, the LiFePO4/HBPC1-SE-3/Li cell exhibits exceptional rate capability and long-cycling performance, maintaining a discharge capacity of 130 mAh g-1 at 0.5C with a capacity retention of 95% after 300 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Qingfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
| | - Jingjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-plastics, Ministry of Education, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Address: Zhengzhou Rd. 53, Qingdao, CN-266042, China
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Liu T, Parekh R, Mocny P, Bloom BP, Zhao Y, An SY, Pan B, Yin R, Waldeck DH, Whitacre JF, Matyjaszewski K. Tailored PVDF Graft Copolymers via ATRP as High-Performance NCM811 Cathode Binders. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 5:2594-2603. [PMID: 37800127 PMCID: PMC10548467 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
High-nickel layered oxides, e.g., LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811), are promising candidates for cathode materials in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Complementing the notable developments of modification of active materials, this study focused on the polymer binder materials, and a new synthetic route was developed to engineer PVDF binders by covalently grafting copolymers from poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (PVDF-CTFE) with multiple functionalities using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The grafted random copolymer binder provided excellent flexibility (319% elongation), adhesion strength (50 times higher than PVDF), transition metal chelation capability, and efficient ionic conductivity pathways. The NCM811 half-cells using the designed binders exhibited a remarkable rate capability of 143.4 mA h g-1 at 4C and cycling stability with 70.1% capacity retention after 230 cycles at 0.5 C, which is much higher than the 52.3% capacity retention of nonmodified PVDF. The well-retained structure of NCM811 with the designed binder was systematically studied and confirmed by post-mortem analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rohan Parekh
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Brian P. Bloom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - So Young An
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bonian Pan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jay F. Whitacre
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Scott
Institute for Energy Innovation, Carnegie
Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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An SY, Wu X, Zhao Y, Liu T, Yin R, Ahn JH, Walker LM, Whitacre JF, Matyjaszewski K. Highly Conductive Polyoxanorbornene-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302932. [PMID: 37455678 PMCID: PMC10520635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This present study illustrates the synthesis and preparation of polyoxanorbornene-based bottlebrush polymers with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chains by ring-opening metathesis polymerization for solid polymer electrolytes (SPE). In addition to the conductive PEO side chains, the polyoxanorbornene backbones may act as another ion conductor to further promote Li-ion movement within the SPE matrix. These results suggest that these bottlebrush polymer electrolytes provide impressively high ionic conductivity of 7.12 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature and excellent electrochemical performance, including high-rate capabilities and cycling stability when paired with a Li metal anode and a LiFePO4 cathode. The new design paradigm, which has dual ionic conductive pathways, provides an unexplored avenue for inventing new SPEs and emphasizes the importance of molecular engineering to develop highly stable and conductive polymer electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries (LMB).
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young An
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Jung Hyun Ahn
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Lynn M. Walker
- Department of Chemical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Jay F. Whitacre
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Scott Institute for Energy InnovationCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
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Dreyer C, Motoc DL, Koehler M, Goldenberg L. UV LED Curable Perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-Urethane Methacrylate Transparent Coatings for Photonic Applications: Synthesis and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2983. [PMID: 37514374 PMCID: PMC10383132 DOI: 10.3390/polym15142983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution aims to bring forth a novel synthesis route in developing transparent UV LED-curable coatings accounting for various exposure options. A selection of perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-urethane methacrylate and acrylate resins, free-radical photo-initiator Omnirad 2100, and two distinct silane-based crosslinking agents were blended under a weight ratio of 75:20:5 (without crosslinker) and 70:15:5:10, respectively. The coatings were cured under a UV LED 4 × 3 matrix light emitting source, in a chamber under a controlled atmosphere, by means of an in-house developed conveyor belt type platform, at different conveyor belt speeds (5, 50, 150, 250, and 500 mm/s). The morphologies of fabricated coatings were characterized by FTIR revealing high conversion rates (e.g., from 98 to 100%) for increased exposure time as a result of the 5 or 50 mm/s values, on all combinations. Dynamic-mechanical and optical properties of UV LED-cured transparent coatings were also investigated. A negative shift of the glass transition temperature values with a decrease in exposure time, in all combinations, from about 60 °C to 30 °C, along with storage moduli lowering in the glassy plateau further favors higher exposure times for curing. The refractive indices of poly-mers were from 1.38 to 1.40, whereas the thermo-optic coefficients are showing minor changes around the value of 2.55∙10-4 K-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Dreyer
- Department Fiber Composite Material Technologies, Faculty Engineering and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
- Research Division Polymeric Materials and Composites PYCO, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Schmiedestr. 5, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Dana Luca Motoc
- Department of Automotive and Transport Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 29 Eroilor Av., 500036 Brașov, Romania
| | - Mathias Koehler
- Research Division Polymeric Materials and Composites PYCO, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Schmiedestr. 5, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Leonid Goldenberg
- Department Fiber Composite Material Technologies, Faculty Engineering and Natural Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
- Research Division Polymeric Materials and Composites PYCO, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Schmiedestr. 5, 15745 Wildau, Germany
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Li Z, Fu J, Zhou X, Gui S, Wei L, Yang H, Li H, Guo X. Ionic Conduction in Polymer-Based Solid Electrolytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2201718. [PMID: 36698303 PMCID: PMC10074084 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Good safety, high interfacial compatibility, low cost, and facile processability make polymer-based solid electrolytes promising materials for next-generation batteries. Key issues related to polymer-based solid electrolytes, such as synthesis methods, ionic conductivity, and battery architecture, are investigated in past decades. However, mechanistic understanding of the ionic conduction is still lacking, which impedes the design and optimization of polymer-based solid electrolytes. In this review, the ionic conduction mechanisms and optimization strategies of polymer-based solid electrolytes, including solvent-free polymer electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes, and quasi-solid/gel polymer electrolytes, are summarized and evaluated. Challenges and strategies for enhancing the ionic conductivity are elaborated, while the ion-pair dissociation, ion mobility, polymer relaxation, and interactions at polymer/filler interfaces are highlighted. This comprehensive review is especially pertinent for the targeted enhancement of the Li-ion conductivity of polymer-based solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P.R. China
| | - Jialong Fu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P.R. China
| | - Siwei Gui
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Aerospace EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P.R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of MechanicsSchool of Aerospace EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P.R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P.R. China
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Wang J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chen G, Poli R, Xie X, Xue Z. Facile Assembly of C–N Bond-Containing Polymer Electrolytes Enabled by Lithium Salt-Catalyzed Aza-Michael Addition. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), UPS, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 205 route de Nar-bonne, F-31077 Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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11
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Zhao B, Xing C, Shi Y, Duan Q, Shen C, Li W, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Construction of high elastic artificial SEI for air-stable and long-life lithium metal anode. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:193-203. [PMID: 37004254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Compared with other anode materials, Li metal anode has higher capacity density and lower electrode potential, which has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials. However, the unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) leads to Li dendrite growth and the infinite volumetric expansion of Li metal, which seriously hinders the stability and cycle life of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Here, a polyurethane elastomer (TPU) material with high elasticity and air stability is used as the artificial SEI of Li metal anode. Its designed synergistic effect of soft chain forging and hard chain segments not only gives TPU artificial SEI layer good electronic insulation, Li ion conductivity, Li dendrite growth inhibition, high elastic modulus and flexibility to adapt to Li volume expansion, but also has a significant air protection effect on the Li metal surface, so that the TPU coated Li foil will not occur obvious oxidation phenomenon after being placed in air for 45 min. The Li symmetric battery modified by TPU achieved a stable and long-term cycle performance of 1300 h at 1 mA/cm2, it can also cycle stably at a high current density of 10 mA/cm2. The Coulomb efficiency of the modified Li/Cu half-cell maintains at above 97% after 400 cycles. In addition, the full cell with LiFePO4 cathode also delivers a very excellent long cycle stability with 90% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 5 C. This surface modification strategy of SEI on lithium anode has has great research value and will help to improve the widely application of LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Cong Xing
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiming Duan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chao Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenrong Li
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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12
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Guo K, Wang J, Shi Z, Wang Y, Xie X, Xue Z. One-Step In Situ Polymerization: A Facile Design Strategy for Block Copolymer Electrolytes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213606. [PMID: 36509706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To optimize the rapid transport of lithium ions (Li+ ) inside lithium metal batteries (LMBs), block copolymer electrolytes (BCPEs) have been fabricated in situ in LMBs via a one-step method combining reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and carboxylic acid-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The BCPEs balanced the Li+ coordination characteristics of the polyether- and polyester-based electrolytes to achieve a rapid Li+ migration in the SPEs. The carboxylic acid played a dual role since it both catalyzed the ROP and stabilized the interface. Furthermore, the in situ assembly of LMBs did effectively enable an efficient intercalation/de-intercalation of Li+ at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The in situ assembled Li/BCPE4/LFP exhibited high-capacity retention of 92 % after 400 cycles at 1 C. The one-step in situ fabrication of BCPEs provides a new direction for the design of polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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13
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Zou J, Ben T. Recent Advances in Porous Polymers for Solid-State Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224804. [PMID: 36432931 PMCID: PMC9696777 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of rechargeable lithium batteries involves all aspects of our daily life, such as new energy vehicles, computers, watches and other electronic mobile devices, so it is becoming more and more important in contemporary society. However, commercial liquid rechargeable lithium batteries have safety hazards such as leakage or explosion, all-solid-state lithium rechargeable lithium batteries will become the best alternatives. But the biggest challenge we face at present is the large solid-solid interface contact resistance between the solid electrolyte and the electrode as well as the low ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Due to the large relative molecular mass, polymers usually exhibit solid or gel state with good mechanical strength. The intermolecules are connected by covalent bonds, so that the chemical and physical stability, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and fire resistance are good. Many researchers have found that polymers play an important role in improving the performance of all-solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries. This review mainly describes the application of polymers in the fields of electrodes, electrolytes, electrolyte-electrode contact interfaces, and electrode binders in all-solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries, and how to improve battery performance. This review mainly introduces the recent applications of polymers in solid-state lithium battery electrodes, electrolytes, electrode binders, etc., and describes the performance of emerging porous polymer materials and materials based on traditional polymers in solid-state lithium batteries. The comparative analysis shows the application advantages and disadvantages of the emerging porous polymer materials in this field which provides valuable reference information for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zou
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Teng Ben
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0579-8228-6651
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14
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Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: A Tribute to Michel Armand. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10080110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous publication, a tribute to Michel Armand was provided, which highlighted his outstanding contribution to all aspects of research and development of lithium-metal and lithium-ion batteries. This area is in constant progress and rather than an overview of the work of Armand et al. since the seventies, we mainly restrict this review to his contribution to advances in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and their performance in all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries in recent years.
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15
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Santiago A, Sanchez-Diez E, Oteo U, Aldalur I, Echeverría M, Armand M, Martinez-Ibañez M, Zhang H. Single Lithium Ion Conducting "Binderlyte" for High-Performing Lithium Metal Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2202027. [PMID: 35678093 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202202027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are deemed as a viable solution to improve the power and/or energy density of the contemporary lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, poor Li-ion diffusivity within high-energy cathodes causes sluggish kinetics of the corresponding redox reactions particularly at high C-rates, thereby largely impeding the performance of rechargeable LMBs. In this work, a dual-functional single Li-ion conducting polysalt is proposed as both catholyte and binding agent (coined "Binderlyte") for rechargeable LMBs. The designed Binderlyte is thermally and electrochemically stable, allowing its use for high-energy cathodes like Li(Ni1/3 Mn1/3 Co1/3 )O2 (NMC111). The implementation of designer Binderlyte endows the Li° || NMC111 cell with superior cycling stability and capacity retention even at an extremely high C-rate of 10C. In particular, the soft and flexible nature of the Binderlyte allows the thick NMC cathode to operate at extremely low porosity (20 vol%) with almost no capacity decay. This work may provide a paradigm shift on the design of innovative polymeric materials, which are essential for developing high-performing rechargeable LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Santiago
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sanchez-Diez
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Uxue Oteo
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Itziar Aldalur
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - María Echeverría
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Michel Armand
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - María Martinez-Ibañez
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
| | - Heng Zhang
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01510, Spain
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16
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Zhao S, Yang H, Zhao B, Cao L, Wang D, Russell TP. Homogenizing Blends of Cross-linked Polymers by Interfacial Exchange Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27309-27316. [PMID: 35649264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining homogeneous blends of two covalently cross-linked polymers by mechanical mixing is not possible due to their permanent network topologies. Here, we demonstrate an effective route to prepare polymer blends from the common cross-linked epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and epoxy resin vitrimer (EV) by mechanical mixing. Interfacial exchange reactions between these two networks occur by a dynamic transesterification. The as-prepared ENR-EV blends show excellent mechanical strength, extensibility, and thermal stability. Moreover, they also show typical vitrimeric properties, including self-healing, welding, and reprocessability. This work demonstrates a large-scale preparation of vitrimeric materials with high performance and versatility from commercially available polymers and affords a promising strategy to recycle both waste rubbers and resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongkun Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lifang Cao
- School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Zhang C, Jiang K, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xue Z. Lithium Salt-Induced In-Situ Polymerizations Enable Double Network Polymer Electrolytes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100853. [PMID: 35218088 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structural design is an intriguing strategy to improve the physical and electrochemical performance of polymer electrolytes (PEs) for lithium-ion batteries. However, the complex synthetic process and introduction of non-electrolyte composition severely limit the development and practical application of PEs. Here we report a facile method for the fabrication of a double network polymer electrolyte (DN-PE) through combining the lithium salt-accelerated thiol-Michael addition and lithium salt-catalyzed radical polymerization. By adjusting the reaction temperature, the double network with the crosslinking structure could be in-situ formed step by step at room temperature and 80 °C. Notably, using lithium salt as the accelerator and catalyst avoids the addition of extra species and the related side reactions in the electrolyte system. Compared with single network polymer electrolyte (SN-PE), DN-PE has a distinctly improved mechanical strength and a better interfacial compatibility with the electrode, which leads to a stable cycling of the symmetric Li|DN-PE|Li cell over 1000 h at a current density of 0.05 mA cm-2 . In addition, the Li|DN-PE|LiFePO4 cell shows a high discharge specific capacity of 150.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and coulomb efficiency of 99%. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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