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Silva JC, Marcelino P, Meneses J, Barbosa F, Moura CS, Marques AC, Cabral JMS, Pascoal-Faria P, Alves N, Morgado J, Ferreira FC, Garrudo FFF. Synergy between 3D-extruded electroconductive scaffolds and electrical stimulation to improve bone tissue engineering strategies. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2771-2794. [PMID: 38384239 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02673f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a simple, reliable, and versatile strategy to create 3D electroconductive scaffolds suitable for bone tissue engineering (TE) applications with electrical stimulation (ES). The proposed scaffolds are made of 3D-extruded poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), subjected to alkaline treatment, and of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), anchored to PCL with one of two different crosslinkers: (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) and divinyl sulfone (DVS). Both cross-linkers allowed the formation of a homogenous and continuous coating of PEDOT:PSS to PCL. We show that these PEDOT:PSS coatings are electroconductive (11.3-20.1 S cm-1), stable (up to 21 days in saline solution), and allow the immobilization of gelatin (Gel) to further improve bioactivity. In vitro mineralization of the corresponding 3D conductive scaffolds was greatly enhanced (GOPS(NaOH)-Gel - 3.1 fold, DVS(NaOH)-Gel - 2.0 fold) and cell colonization and proliferation were the highest for the DVS(NaOH)-Gel scaffold. In silico modelling of ES application in DVS(NaOH)-Gel scaffolds indicates that the electrical field distribution is homogeneous, which reduces the probability of formation of faradaic products. Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) was performed under ES. Importantly, our results clearly demonstrated a synergistic effect of scaffold electroconductivity and ES on the enhancement of MSC osteogenic differentiation, particularly on cell-secreted calcium deposition and the upregulation of osteogenic gene markers such as COL I, OC and CACNA1C. These scaffolds hold promise for future clinical applications, including manufacturing of personalized bone TE grafts for transplantation with enhanced maturation/functionality or bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Silva
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Pedro Marcelino
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande 2430-028, Portugal
| | - João Meneses
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Frederico Barbosa
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Carla S Moura
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande 2430-028, Portugal
- Research Centre for Natural Resources Environment and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Paula Pascoal-Faria
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande 2430-028, Portugal
- Department of Mathematics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, Leiria 2411-901, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory Arise, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alves
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande 2430-028, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, Leiria 2411-901, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory Arise, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Fábio F F Garrudo
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
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Marcelino P, Silva JC, Moura CS, Meneses J, Cordeiro R, Alves N, Pascoal-Faria P, Ferreira FC. A Novel Approach for Design and Manufacturing of Curvature-Featuring Scaffolds for Osteochondral Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092129. [PMID: 37177275 PMCID: PMC10181173 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects affect both articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Due to limitations in the cartilage tissue's self-healing capabilities, OC defects exhibit a degenerative progression to which current therapies have not yet found a suitable long-term solution. Tissue engineering (TE) strategies aim to fabricate tissue substitutes that recreate natural tissue features to offer better alternatives to the existing inefficient treatments. Scaffold design is a key element in providing appropriate structures for tissue growth and maturation. This study presents a novel method for designing scaffolds with a mathematically defined curvature, based on the geometry of a sphere, to obtain TE constructs mimicking native OC tissue shape. The lower the designed radius, the more curved the scaffold obtained. The printability of the scaffolds using fused filament fabrication (FFF) was evaluated. For the case-study scaffold size (20.1 mm × 20.1 mm projected dimensions), a limit sphere radius of 17.064 mm was determined to ensure printability feasibility, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) analysis. The FFF method proved suitable to reproduce the curved designs, showing good shape fidelity and replicating the expected variation in porosity. Additionally, the mechanical behavior was evaluated experimentally and by numerical modelling. Experimentally, curved scaffolds showed strength comparable to conventional orthogonal scaffolds, and finite element analysis was used to identify the scaffold regions more susceptible to higher loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcelino
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Carla S Moura
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços-S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Meneses
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Rachel Cordeiro
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alves
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Paula Pascoal-Faria
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Mathematics, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4163, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Cordeiro R, Alvites RD, Sousa AC, Lopes B, Sousa P, Maurício AC, Alves N, Moura C. Cellulose-Based Scaffolds: A Comparative Study for Potential Application in Articular Cartilage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030781. [PMID: 36772083 PMCID: PMC9919712 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that leads to cartilage loss. Tissue engineering, involving scaffolds, cells, and stimuli, has shown to be a promising strategy for its repair. Thus, this study aims to manufacture and characterise different scaffolds with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with commercial cellulose (microcrystalline (McC) and methyl cellulose (MC) or cellulose from agro-industrial residues (corncob (CcC)) and at different percentages, 1%, 2%, and 3%. PCL scaffolds were used as a control. Morphologically, the produced scaffolds presented porosities within the desired for cell incorporation (57% to 65%). When submitted to mechanical tests, the incorporation of cellulose affects the compression resistance of the majority of scaffolds. Regarding tensile strength, McC2% showed the highest values. It was proven that all manufactured scaffolds suffered degradation after 7 days of testing because of enzymatic reactions. This degradation may be due to the dissolution of PCL in the organic solvent. Biological tests revealed that PCL, CcC1%, and McC3% are the best materials to combine with human dental pulp stem/stromal cells. Overall, results suggest that cellulose incorporation in PCL scaffolds promotes cellular adhesion/proliferation. Methyl cellulose scaffolds demonstrated some advantageous compressive properties (closer to native cartilaginous tissue) to proceed to further studies for application in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cordeiro
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui D. Alvites
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), University of Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Sousa
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), University of Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruna Lopes
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), University of Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Sousa
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), University of Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Maurício
- Veterinary Clinics Department, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), Agroenvironment, Technologies and Sciences Institute (ICETA), University of Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Alves
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (C.M.); Tel.: +351-244569441 (C.M.)
| | - Carla Moura
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems (ARISE), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Applied Research Institute (i2A), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços–S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (C.M.); Tel.: +351-244569441 (C.M.)
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4
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Costa BL, Adão RMR, Maibohm C, Accardo A, Cardoso VF, Nieder JB. Cellular Interaction of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Polymer and Hydrogel 3D Microscaffold Templates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13013-13024. [PMID: 35282678 PMCID: PMC8949723 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomimicking biological niches of healthy tissues or tumors can be achieved by means of artificial microenvironments, where structural and mechanical properties are crucial parameters to promote tissue formation and recreate natural conditions. In this work, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds based on woodpile structures were fabricated by two-photon polymerization (2PP) of different photosensitive polymers (IP-S and SZ2080) and hydrogels (PEGDA 700) using two different 2PP setups, a commercial one and a customized one. The structures' properties were tuned to study the effect of scaffold dimensions (gap size) and their mechanical properties on the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which can serve as a model for leukemic diseases, among other hematological applications. The woodpile structures feature gap sizes of 25, 50, and 100 μm and a fixed beam diameter of 25 μm, to systematically study the optimal cell colonization that promotes healthy cell growth and potential tissue formation. The characterization of the scaffolds involved scanning electron microscopy and mechanical nanoindenting, while their suitability for supporting cell growth was evaluated with live/dead cell assays and multistaining 3D confocal imaging. In the mechanical assays of the hydrogel material, we observed two different stiffness ranges depending on the indentation depth. Larger gap woodpile structures coated with fibronectin were identified as the most promising scaffolds for 3D BM-MSC cellular models, showing higher proliferation rates. The results indicate that both the design and the employed materials are suitable for further assays, where retaining the BM-MSC stemness and original features is crucial, including studies focused on BM disorders such as leukemia and others. Moreover, the combination of 3D scaffold geometry and materials holds great potential for the investigation of cellular behaviors in a co-culture setting, for example, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, to be further applied in medical research and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz
N. L. Costa
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
- CMEMS-UMinho,
University of Minho, DEI, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- Faculty
of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering (3mE), Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering (PME), Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo M. R. Adão
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Christian Maibohm
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Faculty
of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering (3mE), Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering (PME), Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho,
University of Minho, DEI, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- CF-UM-UP,
Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jana B. Nieder
- INL—International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Ultrafast
Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga S/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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Silva JC, Carvalho MS, Udangawa RN, Moura CS, Cabral JMS, L da Silva C, Ferreira FC, Vashishth D, Linhardt RJ. Extracellular matrix decorated polycaprolactone scaffolds for improved mesenchymal stem/stromal cell osteogenesis towards a patient-tailored bone tissue engineering approach. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2153-2166. [PMID: 31916699 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinical demand for tissue-engineered bone is growing due to the increase of non-union fractures and delayed healing in an aging population. Herein, we present a method combining additive manufacturing (AM) techniques with cell-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) to generate structurally well-defined bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). In this work, highly porous three-dimensional polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with desired size and architecture were fabricated by fused deposition modeling and subsequently decorated with human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived ECM produced in situ. The successful deposition of MSC-derived ECM onto PCL scaffolds (PCL-MSC ECM) was confirmed after decellularization using scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and immunofluorescence. The presence of cell-derived ECM within the PCL scaffolds significantly enhanced MSC attachment and proliferation, with and without osteogenic supplementation. Additionally, under osteogenic induction, PCL-MSC ECM scaffolds promoted significantly higher calcium deposition and elevated relative expression of bone-specific genes, particularly the gene encoding osteopontin, when compared to pristine scaffolds. Overall, our results demonstrated the favorable effects of combining MSC-derived ECM and AM-based scaffolds on the osteogenic differentiation of MSC, resulting from a closer mimicry of the native bone niche. This strategy is highly promising for the development of novel personalized BTE approaches enabling the fabrication of patient defect-tailored scaffolds with enhanced biological performance and osteoinductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Marta S Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Ranodhi N Udangawa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Carla S Moura
- CDRSP-Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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6
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Silva JC, Moura CS, Borrecho G, Alves de Matos AP, Cabral JMS, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Effects of glycosaminoglycan supplementation in the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow- and synovial- derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on 3D-extruded poly (ε-caprolactone) scaffolds. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1706511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João C. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Carla S. Moura
- CDRSP – Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Borrecho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Quinta da Granja, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Silva JC, Moura CS, Borrecho G, de Matos APA, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS, Bártolo PJ, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Extruded Bioreactor Perfusion Culture Supports the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in 3D Porous Poly(ɛ-Caprolactone) Scaffolds. Biotechnol J 2019; 15:e1900078. [PMID: 31560160 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel bioengineering strategies for the ex vivo fabrication of native-like tissue-engineered cartilage are crucial for the translation of these approaches to clinically manage highly prevalent and debilitating joint diseases. Bioreactors that provide different biophysical stimuli have been used in tissue engineering approaches aimed at enhancing the quality of the cartilage tissue generated. However, such systems are often highly complex, expensive, and not very versatile. In the current study, a novel, cost-effective, and customizable perfusion bioreactor totally fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) is proposed for the study of the effect of fluid flow on the chondrogenic differentiation of human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSCs) in 3D porous poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds. hBMSCs are first seeded and grown on PCL scaffolds and hBMSC-PCL constructs are then transferred to 3D-extruded bioreactors for continuous perfusion culture under chondrogenic inductive conditions. Perfused constructs show similar cell metabolic activity and significantly higher sulfated glycosaminoglycan production (≈1.8-fold) in comparison to their non-perfused counterparts. Importantly, perfusion bioreactor culture significantly promoted the expression of chondrogenic marker genes while downregulating hypertrophy. This work highlights the potential of customizable AM platforms for the development of novel personalized repair strategies and more reliable in vitro models with a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Carla S Moura
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua de Portugal-Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Borrecho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal
| | - António P Alves de Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Quinta da Granja, Monte da Caparica, 2829-511, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Bártolo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
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Theodoridis K, Aggelidou E, Vavilis T, Manthou ME, Tsimponis A, Demiri EC, Boukla A, Salpistis C, Bakopoulou A, Mihailidis A, Kritis A. Hyaline cartilage next generation implants from adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Comparative study on 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffold patterns. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:342-355. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleni Aggelidou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Theofanis Vavilis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Antonios Tsimponis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Efterpi C. Demiri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Papageorgiou Hospital; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Anna Boukla
- Histocompatibility Centre-Immunology Department; Hippokration General Hospital; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Christos Salpistis
- Laboratory of Machine Elements and Machine Design, School of Mechanical Engineering; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Athanassios Mihailidis
- Laboratory of Machine Elements and Machine Design, School of Mechanical Engineering; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th.); Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
- cGMP Regenerative Medicine Facility, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th); Thessaloniki Greece
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