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Dumack K, Gerdzhikov D, Klisarova D. Phylogenetic analysis confirms the taxonomic placement of the marine flagellate Hermesinum adriaticum (Thecofilosea, Cercozoa, Rhizaria). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12905. [PMID: 35303760 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hermesinum adriaticum is a rare marine and brackish flagellate that is of considerable interest due to its markable and fossilizable siliceous skeleton. Based on this skeleton, Hermesinum was initially considered a microalga of the Dictyochophyceae (Ochrophyta, Stramenopiles). Later on, it was assigned to the Ebriida due to its similarity to Ebria tripartita. The taxonomic assignment of the Ebriida however changed several times until it was placed within the Thecofilosea (Cercozoa, Rhizaria), based on genetic data of Ebria tripartita. We sequenced the 18S marker gene sequence of Hermesinum and confirm the close relationship of Ebria and Hermesinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- University of Cologne, Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Dimitar Gerdzhikov
- Institute of Fish Resources, Agricultural Academy, Varna, 9000, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Klisarova
- Institute of Fish Resources, Agricultural Academy, Varna, 9000, Bulgaria.,Medical University, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Cytology and Biology, Pleven, 5800, Bulgaria
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Dumack K, Siemensma F, Clauß S. Transfer of the thecate amoebae Lecythium spinosum and Pamphagus armatus to Rhizaspis (Thecofilosea, Cercozoa, Rhizaria). Eur J Protistol 2021; 83:125843. [PMID: 34920934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Thecofilosea is a class in Cercozoa (Rhizaria) comprising mainly freshwater-inhabiting algivores. Recently, numerous isolates of thecofilosean amoebae have been cultured and were characterized by an integrated morphological and molecular approach. The captivating spine-bearing taxa in Thecofilosea were not yet molecularly characterized due to being very rare. There are only two known spine-bearing species, Pamphagus armatus and Lecythium spinosum, which were synonymized by Penard in 1902. Due to a morphological difference of those taxa, we discuss here that we disagree with this taxonomical act. We further isolated single cells of Pamphagus armatus directly from their habitat and successfully sequenced their SSU rDNA, which we subjected to phylogenetic analyses. We show that Pamphagus armatus branches within the Rhizaspididae (Tectofilosida, Thecofilosea). Accordingly, we transfer Pamphagus armatus and the assumingly closely related species Lecythium spinosum to Rhizaspis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- University of Cologne, Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany.
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Pohl N, Solbach MD, Dumack K. The wastewater protist Rhogostoma minus (Thecofilosea, Rhizaria) is abundant, widespread, and hosts Legionellales. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 203:117566. [PMID: 34438261 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is treated by concerted actions of the microbial communities within bioreactors. Although protists (unicellular eukaryotes) are good bioindicators and important players influencing denitrification, nitrification, and flocculation, they are the least known organisms in WWTPs. The few recent environmental surveys of the protistan diversity in WWTPs show that the most abundant protistan sequences in WWTPs belong to Thecofilosea (Rhizaria). We re-investigated previously published environmental sequencing data and gathered strains from seven WWTPs to determine which species dominate WWTPs worldwide. We found that all highly abundant thecofilosean sequences represent a single species - Rhogostoma minus. Considering that Thecofilosea are frequent hosts for Legionellales, i.e. bacteria linked to waterborne diseases, we confirm that Rhogostoma minus functions as a host for Legionellales in WWTPs. Whether the highly abundant Rhogostoma minus also serves as a host for known human pathogenic Legionellales requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pohl
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Dominik Solbach
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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Dumack K, Duckert C, Meinhardt R, Lara E, Bonkowski M. Description of Phaeobola aeris gen. nov., sp. nov (Rhizaria, Cercozoa, Euglyphida) Sheds Light on Euglyphida's Dark Matter. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 68:e12835. [PMID: 33222324 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of Euglyphida species are characterised by shells with imbricated silica scales. Environmental surveys indicate a large unexplored diversity and recent efforts hinted at a certain diversity of yet undescribed, inconspicuous, scale-lacking Euglyphida. Here we describe Phaeobola aeris gen. nov., sp. nov. that shows a variety of morphological characters typical for the Euglyphida but lacks silica scales-instead, this species bears an agglutinated test. Neither its morphology nor phylogenetic placement allows its assignment to any currently described family. We erected the yet monospecific genus Phaeobola gen. nov., which with yet available data remain Euglyphida incertae sedis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, 50674, Germany
| | - Clément Duckert
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Raphaela Meinhardt
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, 50674, Germany
| | - Enrique Lara
- Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid, 28014, Spain
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Köln, 50674, Germany
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Öztoprak H, Walden S, Heger T, Bonkowski M, Dumack K. What Drives the Diversity of the Most Abundant Terrestrial Cercozoan Family (Rhogostomidae, Cercozoa, Rhizaria)? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1123. [PMID: 32722603 PMCID: PMC7463998 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental sequencing surveys of soils and freshwaters revealed high abundance and diversity of the Rhogostomidae, a group of omnivorous thecate amoebae. This is puzzling since only a few Rhogostomidae species have yet been described and only a handful of reports mention them in field surveys. We investigated the putative cryptic diversity of the Rhogostomidae by a critical re-evaluation of published environmental sequencing data and in-depth ecological and morphological trait analyses. The Rhogostomidae exhibit an amazing diversity of genetically distinct clades that occur in a variety of different environments. We further broadly sampled for Rhogostomidae species; based on these isolates, we describe eleven new species and highlight important morphological traits for species delimitation. The most important environmental drivers that shape the Rhogostomidae community were soil moisture, soil pH, and total plant biomass. The length/width ratio of the theca was a morphological trait related to the colonized habitats, but not the shape and size of the aperture that is often linked to moisture adaption in testate and thecate amoebae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüsna Öztoprak
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Susanne Walden
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Thierry Heger
- Soil Science and Environment Group, CHANGINS, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland;
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Institute of Zoology, Terrestrial Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany; (H.Ö.); (S.W.); (M.B.)
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Lara E, Dumack K, García-Martín JM, Kudryavtsev A, Kosakyan A. Amoeboid protist systematics: A report on the "Systematics of amoeboid protists" symposium at the VIIIth ECOP/ISOP meeting in Rome, 2019. Eur J Protistol 2020; 76:125727. [PMID: 32755801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amoeboid protists are extremely abundant and diverse in natural systems where they often play outstanding ecological roles. They can be found in almost all major eukaryotic divisions, and genomic approaches are bringing major changes in our perception of their deep evolutionary relationships. At fine taxonomic levels, the generalization of barcoding is revealing a considerable and unsuspected specific diversity that can be appreciated with careful morphometric analyses based on light and electron microscopic observations. We provide examples on the difficulties and advances in amoeboid protists systematics in a selection of groups that were presented at the VIIIth ECOP/ISOP meeting in Rome, 2019. We conclude that, in all studied groups, important taxonomical rearrangements will certainly take place in the next few years, and systematics must be adapted to incorporate these changes. Notably, nomenclature should be flexible enough to integrate many new high level taxa, and a unified policy must be adopted to species description and to the establishment of types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lara
- Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kudryavtsev
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Protistology, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anush Kosakyan
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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