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Lu Y, Yang S, Zhao Q, Yuan C, Xia Q. Diversity analysis of the endosymbiotic bacterial community in field-collected Haemaphysalis ticks on the tropical Hainan Island, China. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2023; 70:2023.012. [PMID: 37326358 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2023.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of various pathogens that cause infectious diseases in humans. Endosymbiotic bacteria have been explored as targets for tick and tick-borne disease control. However, the tick bacterial community on Hainan Island, which is the largest tropical island in China and has an environment favourable to ticks, has not yet been studied. In this study, we surveyed the bacterial community of ticks collected from grass in one village in Haikou. A total of 20 ticks were morphologically and molecularly identified as Haemaphysalis spp. The tick bacterial 16S rRNA hypervariable region amplicon libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 10 possible bacterial genera were detected, indicating a low-diversity bacterial community profile. The dominant bacterial genus, Massilia, accounted for 97.85% of the population. Some other bacterial genera, including Arsenophonus and Pseudomonas, have been reported to play a role in tick development and tick-borne pathogen transmission in other tick species. Overall, the study highlights the first descriptive understanding of the tick bacterial community on Hainan Island and provides a basis for deciphering the interactions between the tick microbiome and tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chuanfei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qianfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Alsufyani T, Al-Otaibi N, Alotaibi NJ, M'sakni NH, Alghamdi EM. GC Analysis, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Activities of Secondary Bioactive Compounds from Endosymbiotic Bacteria of Pomegranate Aphid and Its Predator and Protector. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104255. [PMID: 37241995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites are a valuable source of various molecules that have antibacterial and anticancer activity. In this study, ten endosymbiotic bacteria of aphids, aphid predators and ants were isolated. Bacterial strains were identified according to the 16S rRNA gene. Ethyl acetate fractions of methanol extract (EA-ME) were prepared from each isolated bacterium and tested for their antibacterial activities using the disk diffusion method. The EA-ME of three bacterial species, Planococcus sp., Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterococcus avium, from the pomegranate aphids Aphis punicae, Chrysoperia carnea, and Tapinoma magnum, respectively, exhibited elevated antibacterial activity against one or several of the five pathogenic bacteria tested. The inhibition zones ranged from 10.00 ± 0.13 to 20.00 ± 1.11 mm, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.156 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The most notable antibacterial activity was found in the EA-ME of K. aerogenes against Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, with an MIC value of 0.156 mg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of EA-ME was dependent on the cell line tested. The most significant cytotoxicity effect was observed for extracts of K. aerogenes and E. avium, at 12.5 µg/mL, against the epithelial cells of lung carcinoma (A549), with a cell reduction of 79.4% and 67.2%, respectively. For the EA-ME of K. aerogenes and Pantoea agglomerans at 12.5 µg/mL, 69.4% and 67.8% cell reduction were observed against human colon cancer (Hct116), respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of three EA-ME revealed the presence of several bioactive secondary metabolites that have been reported previously to possess antibacterial and anticancer properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the biological activities of endosymbiotic bacteria in aphids, aphid predators and ants. The promising data presented in this study may pave the way for alternative drugs to overcome the continued emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and find alternative drugs to conventional cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Alsufyani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa Al-Otaibi
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura J Alotaibi
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Houda M'sakni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of the Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Science Faculty, Monastir University, P.O. Box 05019, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Eman M Alghamdi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Kyritsis GA, Koskinioti P, Bourtzis K, Papadopoulos NT. Effect of Wolbachia Infection and Adult Food on the Sexual Signaling of Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata. Insects 2022; 13:737. [PMID: 36005362 PMCID: PMC9409120 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual signaling is a fundamental component of sexual behavior of Ceratitis capitata that highly determines males' mating success. Nutritional status and age are dominant factors known to affect males' signaling performance and define the female decision to accept a male as a sexual partner. Wolbachia pipientis, a widespread endosymbiotic bacterium of insects and other arthropods, exerts several biological effects on its hosts. However, the effects of Wolbachia infection on the sexual behavior of medfly and the interaction between Wolbachia infection and adult food remain unexplored. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Wolbachia on sexual signaling of protein-fed and protein-deprived males. Our findings demonstrate that: (a) Wolbachia infection reduced male sexual signaling rates in both food regimes; (b) the negative effect of Wolbachia infection was more pronounced on protein-fed than protein-deprived males, and it was higher at younger ages, indicating that the bacterium regulates male sexual maturity; (c) Wolbachia infection alters the daily pattern of sexual signaling; and (d) protein deprivation bears significant descent on sexual signaling frequency of the uninfected males, whereas no difference was observed for the Wolbachia-infected males. The impact of our findings on the implementation of Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) or the combined SIT/IIT towards controlling insect pests is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A. Kyritsis
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou St., 38446 New Ionia, Greece
| | - Panagiota Koskinioti
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou St., 38446 New Ionia, Greece
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou St., 38446 New Ionia, Greece
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Pohl N, Solbach MD, Dumack K. The wastewater protist Rhogostoma minus (Thecofilosea, Rhizaria) is abundant, widespread, and hosts Legionellales. Water Res 2021; 203:117566. [PMID: 34438261 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater is treated by concerted actions of the microbial communities within bioreactors. Although protists (unicellular eukaryotes) are good bioindicators and important players influencing denitrification, nitrification, and flocculation, they are the least known organisms in WWTPs. The few recent environmental surveys of the protistan diversity in WWTPs show that the most abundant protistan sequences in WWTPs belong to Thecofilosea (Rhizaria). We re-investigated previously published environmental sequencing data and gathered strains from seven WWTPs to determine which species dominate WWTPs worldwide. We found that all highly abundant thecofilosean sequences represent a single species - Rhogostoma minus. Considering that Thecofilosea are frequent hosts for Legionellales, i.e. bacteria linked to waterborne diseases, we confirm that Rhogostoma minus functions as a host for Legionellales in WWTPs. Whether the highly abundant Rhogostoma minus also serves as a host for known human pathogenic Legionellales requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pohl
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Dominik Solbach
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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Munakata M, Tanaka H, Kakui K. Heterocypris spadix sp. nov. (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Cypridoidea) from Japan, with Information on Its Reproductive Mode. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:287-296. [PMID: 34057354 DOI: 10.2108/zs200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We describe the cypridoidean ostracod Heterocypris spadix sp. nov. from brackish water on Okinawa Island, Japan. The species closely resembles Heterocypris salina (Brady, 1868) but differs in that (1) the marginal infolds on valves are less developed, (2) the tubercles on the anterior margin of the right valve are completely covered by the selvage and invisible in inner view, and (3) the calcified inner lamella on the ventral margin of the left and right valves is scarcely evident in inner view, as the ventral margins of the valves bend inwardly. We determined partial sequences for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI; cox1) and 18S rRNA genes in H. spadix for future DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analyses. Our sample contained only females. A breeding experiment revealed that H. spadix females reproduce parthenogenetically. Another experiment showed that H. spadix has low tolerance to desiccation, with all individuals at 25°C dying between 1-2 hours after removal from water. We amplified and sequenced a partial 16S rRNA sequence for the endosymbiotic bacterium Cardinium from H. spadix. Infection by Cardinium may be related to the parthenogenetic reproductive mode we observed in H. spadix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Munakata
- Department of Natural History Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan,
| | - Hayato Tanaka
- Tokyo Sea Life Park, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8587, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kakui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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Igawa-Ueda K, Ikuta T, Tame A, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Hongo Y, Takaki Y, Fujikura K, Maruyama T, Yoshida T. Symbiont Transmission onto the Cell Surface of Early Oocytes in the Deep-Sea Clam Phreagena okutanii. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:140-147. [PMID: 33812353 DOI: 10.2108/zs200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic associations with beneficial microorganisms endow a variety of host animals with adaptability to the environment. Stable transmission of symbionts across host generations is a key event in the maintenance of symbiotic associations through evolutionary time. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of symbiont transmission remains fragmentary. The deep-sea clam Phreagena okutanii harbors chemoautotrophic intracellular symbiotic bacteria in gill epithelial cells, and depends on these symbionts for nutrition. In this study, we focused on the association of these maternally transmitted symbionts with ovarian germ cells in juvenile female clams. First, we established a sex identification method for small P. okutanii individuals, and morphologically classified female germ cells observed in the ovary. Then, we investigated the association of the endosymbiotic bacteria with germ cells. We found that the symbionts were localized on the outer surface of the cell membrane of primary oocytes and not within the cluster of oogonia. Based on our findings, we discuss the processes and mechanisms of symbiont vertical transmission in P. okutanii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Igawa-Ueda
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.,Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ikuta
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan, .,Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tame
- Marine Works Japan, Ltd., Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0063, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Hongo
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takaki
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujikura
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tadashi Maruyama
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Takao Yoshida
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.,Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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Solbach MD, Bonkowski M, Dumack K. Novel Endosymbionts in Rhizarian Amoebae Imply Universal Infection of Unrelated Free-Living Amoebae by Legionellales. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:642216. [PMID: 33763389 PMCID: PMC7982676 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.642216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionellales-infected water is a frequent cause of local outbreaks of Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever. Decontaminations are difficult because Legionellales reproduce in eukaryotic microorganisms (protists). Most often, Legionellales have been isolated from amoebae; however, the culture-based sampling methods are taxonomically biased. Sequencing studies show that amoebae in the cercozoan class Thecofilosea are dominant in soils and wastewater treatment plants, prompting us to screen their capability to serve as potential hosts of endosymbiotic bacteria. Environmental isolates of Thecofilosea contained a surprising richness of endosymbiotic Legionellales, including Legionella. Considering the widespread dispersal of Legionellales in apparently unrelated amoeboid protist taxa, it appears that the morphotype and not the evolutionary origin of amoebae determines their suitability as hosts for Legionellales. We further provide a protocol for gnotobiotic cultivation of Legionellales and their respective hosts, facilitating future genomic and transcriptomic research of host–symbiont relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dominik Solbach
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Badji CA, Sol-Mochkovitch Z, Fallais C, Sochard C, Simon JC, Outreman Y, Anton S. Alarm Pheromone Responses Depend on Genotype, but Not on the Presence of Facultative Endosymbionts in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Insects 2021; 12:43. [PMID: 33430009 PMCID: PMC7826508 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aphids use an alarm pheromone, E-β farnesene (EBF), to warn conspecifics of potential danger. The antennal sensitivity and behavioural escape responses to EBF can be influenced by different factors. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, different biotypes are adapted to different legume species, and within each biotype, different genotypes exist, which can carry or not Hamiltonella defensa, a bacterial symbiont that can confer protection against natural enemies. We investigate here the influence of the aphid genotype and symbiotic status on the escape behaviour using a four-way olfactometer and antennal sensitivity for EBF using electroantennograms (EAGs). Whereas the investigated three genotypes from two biotypes showed significantly different escape and locomotor behaviours in the presence of certain EBF doses, the infection with H. defensa did not significantly modify the escape behaviour and only marginally influenced the locomotor behaviour at high doses of EBF. Dose-response curves of EAG amplitudes after stimulation with EBF differed significantly between aphid genotypes in correlation with behavioural differences, whereas antennal sensitivity to EBF did not change significantly as a function of the symbiotic status. The protective symbiont H. defensa does thus not modify the olfactory sensitivity to the alarm pheromone. How EBF sensitivity is modified between genotypes or biotypes remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Auguste Badji
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Rennes, CEDEX, 49045 Angers, France; (C.A.B.); (Z.S.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Zoé Sol-Mochkovitch
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Rennes, CEDEX, 49045 Angers, France; (C.A.B.); (Z.S.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Charlotte Fallais
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Rennes, CEDEX, 49045 Angers, France; (C.A.B.); (Z.S.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Corentin Sochard
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Rennes, CEDEX, 35000 Rennes, France; (C.S.); (Y.O.)
| | | | - Yannick Outreman
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Rennes, CEDEX, 35000 Rennes, France; (C.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Sylvia Anton
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Rennes, CEDEX, 49045 Angers, France; (C.A.B.); (Z.S.-M.); (C.F.)
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König K, Zundel P, Krimmer E, König C, Pollmann M, Gottlieb Y, Steidle JLM. Reproductive isolation due to prezygotic isolation and postzygotic cytoplasmic incompatibility in parasitoid wasps. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10694-10706. [PMID: 31632650 PMCID: PMC6787869 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive barriers that prevent gene flow between closely related species are a major topic in evolutionary research. Insect clades with parasitoid lifestyle are among the most species-rich insects and new species are constantly described, indicating that speciation occurs frequently in this group. However, there are only very few studies on speciation in parasitoids. We studied reproductive barriers in two lineages of Lariophagus distinguendus (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera), a parasitoid wasp of pest beetle larvae that occur in human environments. One of the two lineages occurs in households preferably attacking larvae of the drugstore beetle Stegobium paniceum ("DB-lineage"), the other in grain stores with larvae of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius as main host ("GW-lineage"). Between two populations of the DB-lineage, we identified slight sexual isolation as intraspecific barrier. Between populations from both lineages, we found almost complete sexual isolation caused by female mate choice, and postzygotic isolation, which is partially caused by cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by so far undescribed endosymbionts which are not Wolbachia or Cardinium. Because separation between the two lineages is almost complete, they should be considered as separate species according to the biological species concept. This demonstrates that cryptic species within parasitoid Hymenoptera also occur in Central Europe in close contact to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin König
- Fg TierökologieUniversitat HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | | | - Elena Krimmer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyJulius‐Maximilians‐Universitat Wurzburg Fakultat fur BiologieUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | | | | | - Yuval Gottlieb
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentKoret School of Veterinary MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Martínez-Cano DJ, Bor G, Moya A, Delaye L. Testing the Domino Theory of Gene Loss in Buchnera aphidicola: The Relevance of Epistatic Interactions. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:life8020017. [PMID: 29843462 PMCID: PMC6027505 DOI: 10.3390/life8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The domino theory of gene loss states that when some particular gene loses its function and cripples a cellular function, selection will relax in all functionally related genes, which may allow for the non-functionalization and loss of these genes. Here we study the role of epistasis in determining the pattern of gene losses in a set of genes participating in cell envelope biogenesis in the endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera aphidicola. We provide statistical evidence indicating pairs of genes in B. aphidicola showing correlated gene loss tend to have orthologs in Escherichia coli known to have alleviating epistasis. In contrast, pairs of genes in B. aphidicola not showing correlated gene loss tend to have orthologs in E. coli known to have aggravating epistasis. These results suggest that during the process of genome reduction in B. aphidicola by gene loss, positive or alleviating epistasis facilitates correlated gene losses while negative or aggravating epistasis impairs correlated gene losses. We interpret this as evidence that the reduced proteome of B. aphidicola contains less pathway redundancy and more compensatory interactions, mimicking the situation of E. coli when grown under environmental constrains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Martínez-Cano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Gil Bor
- CIMAT, A.P. 402, Guanajuato 36000, Gto., Mexico.
| | - Andrés Moya
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salud Pública, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 València, Spain.
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain.
| | - Luis Delaye
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Noda S, Shimizu D, Yuki M, Kitade O, Ohkuma M. Host-Symbiont Cospeciation of Termite-Gut Cellulolytic Protists of the Genera Teranympha and Eucomonympha and their Treponema Endosymbionts. Microbes Environ 2018; 33:26-33. [PMID: 29367472 PMCID: PMC5877339 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulolytic flagellated protists inhabit the hindgut of termites. They are unique and essential to termites and related wood-feeding cockroaches, enabling host feeding on cellulosic matter. Protists of two genera in the family Teranymphidae (phylum Parabasalia), Eucomonympha and Teranympha, are phylogenetically closely related and harbor intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria from the genus Treponema. In order to obtain a clearer understanding of the evolutionary history of this triplex symbiotic relationship, the molecular phylogenies of the three symbiotic partners, the Teranymphidae protists, their Treponema endosymbionts, and their host termites, were inferred and compared. Strong congruence was observed in the tree topologies of all interacting partners, implying their cospeciating relationships. In contrast, the coevolutionary relationship between the Eucomonympha protists and their endosymbionts was more complex, and evidence of incongruence against cospeciating relationships suggested frequent host switches of the endosymbionts, possibly because multiple Eucomonympha species are present in the same gut community. Similarities in the 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences of the endosymbionts were higher among Teranympha spp. (>99.25% and >97.2%, respectively), whereas those between Teranympha and Eucomonympha were lower (<97.1% and <91.9%, respectively). In addition, the endosymbionts of Teranympha spp. formed a phylogenetic clade distinct from those of Eucomonympha spp. Therefore, the endosymbiont species of Teranympha spp., designated here as “Candidatus Treponema teratonymphae”, needs to be classified as a species distinct from the endosymbiont species of Eucomonympha spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Noda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | - Daichi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi
| | - Masahiro Yuki
- Biomass Research Platform Team, RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
| | | | - Moriya Ohkuma
- Biomass Research Platform Team, RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science.,Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center
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Ponce-de-Leon M, Tamarit D, Calle-Espinosa J, Mori M, Latorre A, Montero F, Pereto J. Determinism and Contingency Shape Metabolic Complementation in an Endosymbiotic Consortium. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2290. [PMID: 29213256 PMCID: PMC5702781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts and their insect hosts establish an intimate metabolic relationship. Bacteria offer a variety of essential nutrients to their hosts, whereas insect cells provide the necessary sources of matter and energy to their tiny metabolic allies. These nutritional complementations sustain themselves on a diversity of metabolite exchanges between the cell host and the reduced yet highly specialized bacterial metabolism—which, for instance, overproduces a small set of essential amino acids and vitamins. A well-known case of metabolic complementation is provided by the cedar aphid Cinara cedri that harbors two co-primary endosymbionts, Buchnera aphidicola BCc and Ca. Serratia symbiotica SCc, and in which some metabolic pathways are partitioned between different partners. Here we present a genome-scale metabolic network (GEM) for the bacterial consortium from the cedar aphid iBSCc. The analysis of this GEM allows us the confirmation of cases of metabolic complementation previously described by genome analysis (i.e., tryptophan and biotin biosynthesis) and the redefinition of an event of metabolic pathway sharing between the two endosymbionts, namely the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate. In silico knock-out experiments with iBSCc showed that the consortium metabolism is a highly integrated yet fragile network. We also have explored the evolutionary pathways leading to the emergence of metabolic complementation between reduced metabolisms starting from individual, complete networks. Our results suggest that, during the establishment of metabolic complementation in endosymbionts, adaptive evolution is significant in the case of tryptophan biosynthesis, whereas vitamin production pathways seem to adopt suboptimal solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ponce-de-Leon
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Tamarit
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Evolution, Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jorge Calle-Espinosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València-CSIC, València, Spain
| | - Francisco Montero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juli Pereto
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València-CSIC, València, Spain.,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, València, Spain
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Mori M, Ponce-de-León M, Peretó J, Montero F. Metabolic Complementation in Bacterial Communities: Necessary Conditions and Optimality. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1553. [PMID: 27774085 PMCID: PMC5054487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities may display metabolic complementation, in which different members of the association partially contribute to the same biosynthetic pathway. In this way, the end product of the pathway is synthesized by the community as a whole. However, the emergence and the benefits of such complementation are poorly understood. Herein, we present a simple model to analyze the metabolic interactions among bacteria, including the host in the case of endosymbiotic bacteria. The model considers two cell populations, with both cell types encoding for the same linear biosynthetic pathway. We have found that, for metabolic complementation to emerge as an optimal strategy, both product inhibition and large permeabilities are needed. In the light of these results, we then consider the patterns found in the case of tryptophan biosynthesis in the endosymbiont consortium hosted by the aphid Cinara cedri. Using in-silico computed physicochemical properties of metabolites of this and other biosynthetic pathways, we verified that the splitting point of the pathway corresponds to the most permeable intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mori
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain; Department of Physics, University of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miguel Ponce-de-León
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Juli Peretó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Universitat de València-CSIC Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Montero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Vannini C, Carpentieri A, Salvioli A, Novero M, Marsoni M, Testa L, de Pinto MC, Amoresano A, Ortolani F, Bracale M, Bonfante P. An interdomain network: the endobacterium of a mycorrhizal fungus promotes antioxidative responses in both fungal and plant hosts. New Phytol 2016; 211:265-275. [PMID: 26914272 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant biotrophs that may contain endobacteria in their cytoplasm. Genome sequencing of Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum revealed a reduced genome and dependence on the fungal host. RNA-seq analysis of the AMF Gigaspora margarita in the presence and absence of the endobacterium indicated that endobacteria have an important role in the fungal pre-symbiotic phase by enhancing fungal bioenergetic capacity. To improve the understanding of fungal-endobacterial interactions, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) quantitative proteomics was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in G. margarita germinating spores with endobacteria (B+), without endobacteria in the cured line (B-) and after application of the synthetic strigolactone GR24. Proteomic, transcriptomic and biochemical data identified several fungal and bacterial proteins involved in interspecies interactions. Endobacteria influenced fungal growth, calcium signalling and metabolism. The greatest effects were on fungal primary metabolism and respiration, which was 50% higher in B+ than in B-. A shift towards pentose phosphate metabolism was detected in B-. Quantification of carbonylated proteins indicated that the B- line had higher oxidative stress levels, which were also observed in two host plants. This study shows that endobacteria generate a complex interdomain network that affects AMF and fungal-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vannini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Università dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', via Cintia 4, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvioli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Milena Marsoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Università dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Testa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Università dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Biology, Università di Bari 'Aldo Moro', via E. Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli 'Federico II', via Cintia 4, I-80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Ortolani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Università dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Marcella Bracale
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Università dell'Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, I-21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, viale Mattioli 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
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Wulff JA, White JA. The Endosymbiont Arsenophonus Provides a General Benefit to Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Regardless of Host Plant Resistance (Rag). Environ Entomol 2015; 44:574-81. [PMID: 26313962 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), invokes substantial chemical treatment and economic cost in North America. Resistant soybean genotypes hold promise as a low-impact control methodology, but soybean aphid "biotypes" capable of development on resistant soy cast doubt on the durability of soy resistance. We hypothesized that variation in soybean aphid ability to colonize resistant soy is partially attributable to a bacterial symbiont of soybean aphid, Arsenophonus. We used microinjection to manipulate Arsenophonus infection in both virulent and avirulent aphid biotypes, resulting in five pairs of infected versus uninfected isolines. These isolines were subjected to various population growth rate assays on resistant Rag versus susceptible soybean. We found that aphid virulence on Rag soybean was not dependent on Arsenophonus: virulent aphid biotypes performed well on Rag soybean, and avirulent aphid biotypes performed poorly on Rag soybean, regardless of whether Arsenophonus was present or not. However, we did find that Arsenophonus-infected clones on average performed significantly better than their paired uninfected isolines. This pattern was not consistently evident on every date for every clone, either in the population assays nor when we compared lifetime fecundity of individual aphids in a separate experiment. Nevertheless, this overall benefit for infected aphids may be sufficient to explain the high frequency of Arsenophonus infection in soybean aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wulff
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
| | - Jennifer A White
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Hong-Xing X, Xu-Song Z, Ya-Jun Y, Jun-Ce T, Qiang F, Gong-Yin Y, Zhong-Xian L. Changes in Endosymbiotic Bacteria of Brown Planthoppers During the Process of Adaptation to Different Resistant Rice Varieties. Environ Entomol 2015; 44:582-587. [PMID: 26313963 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The specific primers of five species of endosymbiotic bacteria were designed to determine their numbers in three virulent populations of brown planthopper, Nilapavata lugens Stål, and to assess changes during adaptation to different resistant varieties using fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results showed that Chryseobacterium was the dominant bacteria in all three populations of brown planthopper, followed by Acinetobacter in TN1 population, Arsenophonus and Serratia in Mudgo population, and Arthrobacter and Acinetobacter in ASD7 population. When the TN1 population of brown planthopper was transferred to ASD7 (with resistant gene bph2) rice plants, Chryseobacterium was still the dominant bacteria, but the originally subdominant Acinetobacter declined to a level that was not significantly different from that of other endosymbiotic bacteria. After they were transferred to Mudgo (with resistant gene Bph1), Serratia and Arsenophonus increased significantly and became the dominant bacteria. However, they declined to a level that was not significantly different from that of the three other species after two generations. When ASD7 and Mudgo populations of brown planthopper were transferred to the susceptible variety TN1, the community of endosymbiotic bacteria in the ASD7 population of brown planthopper showed no significant changes. However, the numbers of Acinetobacter and Arthrobacter in the Mudgo population of brown planthopper exhibited a transient increase and returned to their original levels after two generations. After the Mudgo population of brown planthopper was transferred to ASD7 rice plants, the quantity of endosymbiotic bacteria fluctuated, but the bacterial structure did not change significantly. However, after the ASD7 population of brown planthopper was transferred to the Mudgo rice plants, the bacterial structure changed significantly. Serratia and Arsenophonus increased significantly and became dominant. Although Serratia and Arsenophonus decreased significantly after a generation, they were still greater than Chryseobacterium. It was presumed that Chryseobacterium was dominant in all three populations of virulent brown planthoppers, but had no significant effect on virulence variation of brown planthopper. However, Serratia and Arsenophonus might be correlated with virulence variation of brown planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hong-Xing
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zheng Xu-Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yang Ya-Jun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tian Jun-Ce
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fu Qiang
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ye Gong-Yin
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Lu Zhong-Xian
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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