1
|
Sacharow J, Ratering S, Schneider B, Österreicher Cunha-Dupont A, Schnell S. Acanthamoeba castellanii alone is not a growth promoter for Hordeum vulgare. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000761.v3. [PMID: 39100885 PMCID: PMC11293846 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000761.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Protists are important key players in the microbial loop and influence their environment by grazing, which leads to the return of nutrients into the soil and reduces pathogen pressure on plants. Specifically, protists on and around plant roots are important for plants' development and growth. For this study, the fourth most important crop in the world, Hordeum vulgare, was selected. Seeds of H. vulgare were inoculated with Acanthamoeba castellanii alone or with additional soil bacteria at the beginning and during the experiment. The germination of the seeds and the growth of the plants in pouches were monitored over 3 weeks. No differences were found in leaf growth, root growth, root and leaf nitrogen content or ammonia content of the liquid from the pouches. In contrast, the relative increase in root and leaf dry weight showed a small difference compared to the controls. The results of this experiment demonstrated that seed inoculation with A. castellanii alone or with additional unidentified soil bacteria did not have a major effect on the growth and development of barley. Nevertheless, small changes in plant development were detected, indicating that A. castellanii should be considered for further investigation of co-inoculations with plant growth-promoting bacteria and additional nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sacharow
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Ratering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bellinda Schneider
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, IFZ, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mukhopadhyay S, Garvetto A, Neuhauser S, Pérez-López E. Decoding the Arsenal: Protist Effectors and Their Impact on Photosynthetic Hosts. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:498-506. [PMID: 38551366 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-23-0196-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between various microbial pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and their plant hosts have traditionally been the focus of phytopathology. In recent years, a significant and growing interest in the study of eukaryotic microorganisms not classified among fungi or oomycetes has emerged. Many of these protists establish complex interactions with photosynthetic hosts, and understanding these interactions is crucial in understanding the dynamics of these parasites within traditional and emerging types of farming, including marine aquaculture. Many phytopathogenic protists are biotrophs with complex polyphasic life cycles, which makes them difficult or impossible to culture, a fact reflected in a wide gap in the availability of comprehensive genomic data when compared to fungal and oomycete plant pathogens. Furthermore, our ability to use available genomic resources for these protists is limited by the broad taxonomic distance that these organisms span, which makes comparisons with other genomic datasets difficult. The current rapid progress in genomics and computational tools for the prediction of protein functions and interactions is revolutionizing the landscape in plant pathology. This is also opening novel possibilities, specifically for a deeper understanding of protist effectors. Tools like AlphaFold2 enable structure-based function prediction of effector candidates with divergent protein sequences. In turn, this allows us to ask better biological questions and, coupled with innovative experimental strategies, will lead into a new era of effector research, especially for protists, to expand our knowledge on these elusive pathogens and their interactions with photosynthetic hosts. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soham Mukhopadhyay
- Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- L'Institute EDS, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Garvetto
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sigrid Neuhauser
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Edel Pérez-López
- Départment de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche et d'innovation sur les végétaux (CRIV), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Institute de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- L'Institute EDS, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen BT, Dumack K, Trivedi P, Islam Z, Hu H. Plant associated protists-Untapped promising candidates for agrifood tools. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:229-240. [PMID: 36482161 PMCID: PMC10108267 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The importance of host-associated microorganisms and their biotic interactions for plant health and performance has been increasingly acknowledged. Protists, main predators and regulators of bacteria and fungi, are abundant and ubiquitous eukaryotes in terrestrial ecosystems. Protists are considered to benefit plant health and performance, but the community structure and functions of plant-associated protists remain surprisingly underexplored. Harnessing plant-associated protists and other microbes can potentially enhance plant health and productivity and sustain healthy food and agriculture systems. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of multifunctionality of protists and their interactions with other microbes in plant hosts, and propose a future framework to study plant-associated protists and utilize protists as agrifood tools for benefiting agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao‐Anh Thi Nguyen
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial EcologyInstitute of Zoology, University of CologneKölnGermany
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Zahra Islam
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- ARC Hub for Smart FertilisersThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hang‐Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- ARC Hub for Smart FertilisersThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|