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Ramu A, Ak L, Chinnappan J. Identification of prostate cancer associated genes for diagnosis and prognosis: a modernized in silico approach. Mamm Genome 2024:10.1007/s00335-024-10060-5. [PMID: 39153107 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Diagnosing PCa relies on molecular markers known as diagnostic biomarkers, while prognostic biomarkers are used to identify key proteins involved in PCa treatments. This study aims to gather PCa-associated genes and assess their potential as either diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for PCa. A corpus of 152,064 PCa-related data from PubMed, spanning from May 1936 to December 2020, was compiled. Additionally, 4199 genes associated with PCa terms were collected from the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The PubMed corpus data was extracted using pubmed.mineR to identify PCa-associated genes. Network and pathway analyses were conducted using various tools, such as STRING, DAVID, KEGG, MCODE 2.0, cytoHubba app, CluePedia, and ClueGO app. Significant marker genes were identified using Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, Neural Network algorithms, and the Cox Proportional Hazard model. This study reports 3062 unique PCa-associated genes along with 2518 corresponding unique PMIDs. Diagnostic markers such as IL6, MAPK3, JUN, FOS, ACTB, MYC, and TGFB1 were identified, while prognostic markers like ACTB and HDAC1 were highlighted in PubMed. This suggests that the potential target genes provided by PubMed data outweigh those in the NCBI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilandeswari Ramu
- Anthropology and Health Informatics Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Lekhashree Ak
- Anthropology and Health Informatics Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaprakash Chinnappan
- Anthropology and Health Informatics Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhu W, Wu J, Huang J, Xiao D, Li F, Wu C, Li X, Zeng H, Zheng J, Lai W, Wen X. Multi-omics analysis reveals a macrophage-related marker gene signature for prognostic prediction, immune landscape, genomic heterogeneity, and drug choices in prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122670. [PMID: 37122696 PMCID: PMC10140525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages are components of the innate immune system and can play an anti-tumor or pro-tumor role in the tumor microenvironment owing to their high heterogeneity and plasticity. Meanwhile, prostate cancer (PCa) is an immune-sensitive tumor, making it essential to investigate the value of macrophage-associated networks in its prognosis and treatment. Methods Macrophage-related marker genes (MRMGs) were identified through the comprehensive analysis of single-cell sequencing data from GSE141445 and the impact of macrophages on PCa was evaluated using consensus clustering of MRMGs in the TCGA database. Subsequently, a macrophage-related marker gene prognostic signature (MRMGPS) was constructed by LASSO-Cox regression analysis and grouped based on the median risk score. The predictive ability of MRMGPS was verified by experiments, survival analysis, and nomogram in the TCGA cohort and GEO-Merged cohort. Additionally, immune landscape, genomic heterogeneity, tumor stemness, drug sensitivity, and molecular docking were conducted to explore the relationship between MRMGPS and the tumor immune microenvironment, therapeutic response, and drug selection. Results We identified 307 MRMGs and verified that macrophages had a strong influence on the development and progression of PCa. Furthermore, we showed that the MRMGPS constructed with 9 genes and the predictive nomogram had excellent predictive ability in both the TCGA and GEO-Merged cohorts. More importantly, we also found the close relationship between MRMGPS and the tumor immune microenvironment, therapeutic response, and drug selection by multi-omics analysis. Discussion Our study reveals the application value of MRMGPS in predicting the prognosis of PCa patients. It also provides a novel perspective and theoretical basis for immune research and drug choices for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weian Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjie Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiongduan Huang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongming Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengao Li
- Department of Urology, Anqing First People’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
| | - Chenglun Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Health Care, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hengda Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Lai
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingqiao Wen, ; Wenjie Lai,
| | - Xingqiao Wen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingqiao Wen, ; Wenjie Lai,
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Karapetyan L, Gooding W, Li A, Yang X, Knight A, Abushukair HM, Vargas De Stefano D, Sander C, Karunamurthy A, Panelli M, Storkus WJ, Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM. Sentinel Lymph Node Gene Expression Signature Predicts Recurrence-Free Survival in Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4973. [PMID: 36291758 PMCID: PMC9599365 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to develop a sentinel lymph node gene expression signature score predictive of disease recurrence in patients with cutaneous melanoma. Gene expression profiling was performed on SLN biopsies using U133A 2.0 Affymetrix gene chips. The top 25 genes associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) were selected and a penalized regression function was used to select 12 genes with a non-zero coefficient. A proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the association between clinical covariates, gene signature score, and RFS. Among the 45 patients evaluated, 23 (51%) had a positive SLN. Twenty-one (46.7%) patients developed disease recurrence. For the top 25 differentially expressed genes (DEG), 12 non-zero penalized coefficients were estimated (CLGN, C1QTNF3, ADORA3, ARHGAP8, DCTN1, ASPSCR1, CHRFAM7A, ZNF223, PDE6G, CXCL3, HEXIM1, HLA-DRB). This 12-gene signature score was significantly associated with RFS (p < 0.0001) and produced a bootstrap C index of 0.888. In univariate analysis, Breslow thickness, presence of primary tumor ulceration, SLN positivity were each significantly associated with RFS. After simultaneously adjusting for these prognostic factors in relation to the gene signature, the 12-gene score remained a significant independent predictor for RFS (p < 0.0001). This SLN 12-gene signature risk score is associated with melanoma recurrence regardless of SLN status and may be used as a prognostic factor for RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Karapetyan
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - William Gooding
- Hillman Cancer Center, Biostatistics Facility, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aofei Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Knight
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hassan M. Abushukair
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Danielle Vargas De Stefano
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Arivarasan Karunamurthy
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Divisions of Dermatopathology and Molecular Genetic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Walter J. Storkus
- Departments of Dermatology, Immunology, Pathology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ahmad A. Tarhini
- Departments of Cutaneous Oncology and Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John M. Kirkwood
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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The Role of Perineural Invasion in Prostate Cancer and Its Prognostic Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174065. [PMID: 36077602 PMCID: PMC9454778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men worldwide. Perineural invasion (PNI), the movement of cancer cells along nerves, is a commonly observed approach to tumor spread and is important in both research and clinical practice of prostate cancer. However, despite many studies reporting on molecules and pathways involved in PNI, understanding its clinical relevance remains insufficient. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms and prognostic significance of PNI in prostate cancer, which may provide new perspectives for future studies and improved treatment. Abstract Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common indication of tumor metastasis that can be detected in multiple malignancies, including prostate cancer. In the development of PNI, tumor cells closely interact with the nerve components in the tumor microenvironment and create the perineural niche, which provides a supportive surrounding for their survival and invasion and benefits the nerve cells. Various transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and their related signaling pathways have been reported to be important in the progress of PNI. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of PNI is still very limited. Clinically, PNI is commonly associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters and poor outcomes for prostate cancer patients. However, whether PNI could act as an independent prognostic predictor remains controversial among studies due to inconsistent research aim and endpoint, sample type, statistical methods, and, most importantly, the definition and inclusion criteria. In this review, we provide a summary and comparison of the prognostic significance of PNI in prostate cancer based on existing literature and propose that a more standardized description of PNI would be helpful for a better understanding of its clinical relevance.
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Shen D, Peng H, Xia C, Deng Z, Tong X, Wang G, Qian K. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:939070. [PMID: 35923466 PMCID: PMC9339612 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.939070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies with frequent remote invasion and metastasis, leading to high mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process in embryonic development and plays a key role in tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could regulate the occurrence and development of EMT through various complex molecular mechanisms involving multiple signaling pathways in PCa. Given the importance of EMT and lncRNAs in the progression of tumor metastasis, we recapitulate the research progress of EMT-related signaling pathways regulated by lncRNAs in PCa, including AR signaling, STAT3 signaling, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling, TGF-β/Smad and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, we summarize four modes of how lncRNAs participate in the EMT process of PCa via regulating relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Xia
- President’s Office, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Tong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Human Genetic Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Wang, ; Kaiyu Qian,
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Padmakumar A, Koyande NP, Rengan AK. The Role of Hitchhiking in Cancer Therapeutics – A review. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Padmakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
| | - Navami Prabhakar Koyande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
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Palano MT, Gallazzi M, Cucchiara M, Dehò F, Capogrosso P, Bruno A, Mortara L. The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:694-718. [PMID: 36338516 PMCID: PMC9630328 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts as the most common non-cutaneous disease affecting males, and as the first cancer, for incidence, in male. With the introduction of the concept of immunoscore, PCa has been classified as a cold tumor, thus driving the attention in the development of strategies aimed at blocking the infiltration/activation of immunosuppressive cells, while favoring the infiltration/activation of anti-tumor immune cells. Even if immunotherapy has revolutionized the approaches to cancer therapy, there is still a window failure, due to the immune cell plasticity within PCa, that can acquire pro-tumor features, subsequent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) capability to polarize them. This review discussed selected relevant soluble factors [transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-23] and cellular components of the innate immunity, as drivers of tumor progression, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis within the PCa-TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Dehò
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy,Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Correspondence: Antonino Bruno,
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Lorenzo Mortara, . Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Larionova I, Tuguzbaeva G, Ponomaryova A, Stakheyeva M, Cherdyntseva N, Pavlov V, Choinzonov E, Kzhyshkowska J. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human Breast, Colorectal, Lung, Ovarian and Prostate Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:566511. [PMID: 33194645 PMCID: PMC7642726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.566511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major innate immune cells that constitute up to 50% of the cell mass of human tumors. TAMs are highly heterogeneous cells that originate from resident tissue-specific macrophages and from newly recruited monocytes. TAMs' variability strongly depends on cancer type, stage, and intratumor heterogeneity. Majority of TAMs are programmed by tumor microenvironment to support primary tumor growth and metastatic spread. However, TAMs can also restrict tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, we summarized the knowledge about the role of TAMs in tumor growth, metastasis and in the response to cancer therapy in patients with five aggressive types of cancer: breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancers that are frequently metastasize into distant organs resulting in high mortality of the patients. Two major TAM parameters are applied for the evaluation of TAM correlation with the cancer progression: total amount of TAMs and specific phenotype of TAMs identified by functional biomarkers. We summarized the data generated in the wide range of international patient cohorts on the correlation of TAMs with clinical and pathological parameters of tumor progression including lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis, recurrence, survival, therapy efficiency. We described currently available biomarkers for TAMs that can be measured in patients' samples (tumor tissue and blood). CD68 is the major biomarker for the quantification of total TAM amounts, while transmembrane receptors (stabilin-1, CD163, CD206, CD204, MARCO) and secreted chitinase-like proteins (YKL-39, YKL-40) are used as biomarkers for the functional TAM polarization. We also considered that specific role of TAMs in tumor progression can depend on the localization in the intratumoral compartments. We have made the conclusion for the role of TAMs in primary tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy sensitivity for breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancers. In contrast to other cancer types, majority of clinical studies indicate that TAMs in colorectal cancer have protective role for the patient and interfere with primary tumor growth and metastasis. The accumulated data are essential for using TAMs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets to develop cancer-specific immunotherapy and to design efficient combinations of traditional therapy and new immunomodulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gulnara Tuguzbaeva
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Anastasia Ponomaryova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Stakheyeva
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Cherdyntseva
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valentin Pavlov
- Department of Urology, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Choinzonov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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Yin W, Chen J, Wang G, Zhang D. MicroRNA‑106b functions as an oncogene and regulates tumor viability and metastasis by targeting LARP4B in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:951-958. [PMID: 31173237 PMCID: PMC6625195 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy among males worldwide, and is one of the leading causes of cancer‑related mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a type of endogenous, noncoding RNA that serve a key role in pathological processes, and have been demonstrated to be involved in the formation and progression of PCa. Previous studies have reported that miR‑106b acts as an oncogene; however, the specific effects of miR‑106b on PCa have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR‑106b in the initiation and progression of PCa. In this study, miR‑106b was reported to be overexpressed and la‑related protein 4B (LARP4B) was downregulated in PCa tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. In addition, LARP4B was identified as a target gene of miR‑106b by bioinformatics prediction analysis and a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate PCa cell viability, and migration and invasive abilities. The data revealed that inhibition of miR‑106b significantly suppressed the viability, migration and invasion of PCa cells. In addition, inhibition of miR‑106b significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of cancer‑related genes, including matrix metalloproteinase‑2, cluster of differentiation 44 and Ki‑67, and increased that of the tumor suppressor, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that miR‑106b may target LAR4B to inhibit cancer cell viability, migration and invasion, and may be considered as a novel therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Yin
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Guoyao Wang
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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Wei W, Hu-Jie C. Association of the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages, expression of Smad7 protein and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:22-29. [PMID: 30036733 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between Smad7 expression and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), and their relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS This study collected cancer tissues from 314 OSCC patients from May 2002 to May 2012 at our hospital. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the density of CD68+ cells and Smad7. RESULTS The densities of CD68TFMean and CD68TFHotspot shared a significant negative correlation with the immunoscore (IS) of Smad7, indicated that Smad7 was evidently increased with the decrease densities of CD68TFMean and CD68TFHotspot in OSCC tissues. Besides, low differentiation degree together with high TNM, T and N stage of OSCC patients presented decreased densities of CD68TFMean and CD68TFHotspot but increased expression of Smad7. Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis showed that the prognosis of OSCC patients was associated with differentiation degree, clinical stages, Smad7 expression, as well as densities of CD68TFMean and CD68TFHotspot. Cox regression analysis results demonstrated that N staging, the densities of CD68TFMean and CD68TFHotspot and Smad7 expression were independent risk factors influencing the survival rate of OSCC patients. CONCLUSION Decreased densities of CD68TFMean and CD68TFHotspot were negatively correlated with the increased Smad7 expression in OSCC tissues, both of which linked to clinicopathological features and prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Chen Hu-Jie
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei Province, PR China
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11
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The correlation between pulmonary fibrosis and methylation of peripheral Smad3 in cases of pigeon breeder's lung in a Chinese Uygur population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43104-43113. [PMID: 28562330 PMCID: PMC5522131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad3 is a key protein in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway, which is involved in fibrosis in many organs. We investigated the relationship between Smad3 gene methylation and pulmonary fibrosis in pigeon breeder's lung (PBL). Twenty Uygur PBL patients with pulmonary fibrosis in Kashi between October 2015 and March 2016 were enrolled. Twenty PBL-free pigeon breeders and 20 healthy non-pigeon breeders enrolled during the same period constituted the negative and normal control groups, respectively. Participants’ data and peripheral blood samples were collected, and three Smad3 CpG loci were examined. Distributions of CpG_2 and CpG_4 methylation rates did not differ across groups, whereas distributions of CpG_3 methylation rates were significantly different among the three groups. The CpG_3 methylation rate was significantly lower in the patient group than in the negative control group. Smad3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the patient group than in the negative control group but did not differ between the two control groups. TGF-βlevels were significantly higher in the patient group than in either control group (both P<0.01). Smad3 gene methylation and Smad3 mRNA expression were negatively correlated, with a correlation coefficient of -0.84. The number of pigeons bred during the preceding three months was positively correlated with Smad3 mRNA expression, with a correlation coefficient of 0.77. Smad3 gene hypomethylation might promote pulmonary fibrosis in Uygur PBL patients via increased Smad3 mRNA expression. Smad3 methylation, Smad3 mRNA expression and TGF-β level were correlated with the number of pigeons bred by patients.
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Wang X, You B, Chen S, Zhang W, Tian B, Li H. Expression of TGF-beta receptor 1 and Smads in the tissues of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:1765-1774. [PMID: 29707331 PMCID: PMC5906360 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.03.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common disease which is often caused by the rupture of bullae in the lungs. The underlying pathogenesis of PSP remains unclear. Some molecules may be involved in the development of PSP potentially. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF-beta receptor 1 (TβR1), Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 in the resected bullae of patients with PSP. METHODS From May 2015 to May 2016, 34 patients with PSP underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) bullectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the expression of TβR1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 in the resected pulmonary bullae tissues. The levels of these cytokines were calculated by immunoreactivity scoring system (IRS). Ten patients without pneumothorax associated disease were selected as the control group. RESULTS The analysis showed that the expression levels of TβR1, Smad2 and Smad4 were significantly higher in bullae tissues of patients with PSP than that in normal lung tissues (P=0.012, 0.031, 0.000 respectively). There was no significant difference between the expression level of Smad3 in bullae tissue of PSP patients and that in normal lung tissues of the control group (P=0.140). However, the absolute quantity of Smad3 expression in PSP bullae tissues was (4.2529±1.7193), scored by the IRS, which is higher than that in the control lung tissues (3.2600±2.2132). Also, the expression of TβR1, Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4 were not showed correlation with the clinical characteristics of PSP patients, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), recurrence and side of pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS TβR1, Smad2 and Smad4 highly expressed in bullae tissues of PSP patients. Our findings suggested that TβR1, Smad2 and Smad4 may be related to the development of PSP bullae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Bin You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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Identification and validation a TGF-β-associated long non-coding RNA of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics method. J Transl Med 2018; 16:46. [PMID: 29490660 PMCID: PMC5831574 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of transforming growth factorβ (TGF-β)-induced tumor progression in advanced malignancy is well established, but the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in TGF-β signaling remains unclear. This study aimed to identify TGF-β-associated lncRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS Expression profiling of lncRNAs was obtained using Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of EPB41L4A-AS2 in HNSCC cell line. We used bioinformatics resources (DAvID) to conduct Gene Ontology biological processes and KEGG pathways at the significant level. Wound healing assay, cell migration and invasion assays, were used to examine the effects of EPB41L4A-AS2 on tumor cell metastasis in vivo. Protein levels of EPB41L4A-AS2 targets were determined by western blot. RESULTS A novel TGF-β-associated lncRNA, EPB41L4A-AS2, was found downregulated by TGF-β and associated with invasion and metastasis. The relationship of EPB41L4A-AS2 with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of HNSCC patients was evaluated. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that EPB41L4A-AS2 may be involved in processes associated with the tumor-associated signaling pathway, especially the TGF-β signaling pathway. Furthermore, a TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model was established. Low EPB41L4A-AS2 expression was determined, and overexpression of this gene inhibited cell migration and invasion in the EMT model. Moreover, EPB41L4A-AS2 suppressed TGFBR1 expression. CONCLUSIONS EPB41L4A-AS2 might serve as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling and as an effective prognostic biomarker and important target in anti-metastasis therapies of HNSCC patients.
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Sun H, Miao C, Liu W, Qiao X, Yang W, Li L, Li C. TGF-β1/TβRII/Smad3 signaling pathway promotes VEGF expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor-associated macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:583-590. [PMID: 29462614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of malignant cancer affecting the oral cavity. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in the initiation, progression and metastasis of OSCC. In this study, we investigated the correlation between macrophages and several clinical and pathological indicators, and we also explored how transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) effect on VEGF expression in TAMs. Seventy-two paraffin-embedded OSCC samples were collected. Association between macrophages density, micro vascular density (MVD) and clinical-pathological feature were explored by immunohistochemical staining. Western blot, ELISA and qRT-PCR were conducted to assess the VEGF expression in TAMs treated with or without neutralizing TGF-β1, TβRII and smad3 antibodies. Results showed that CD68+ macrophages were absent in normal tissues. Macrophages density was directly correlated to low pathological differentiation, late clinical staging and poor survival rate. MVD showed positive correlation with clinical staging and macrophages density. Furthermore, OSCC-associated macrophages expressed more VEGF than macrophages in healthy lymph nodes. However, when TGF-β1 or TβRII were neutralized or the Smad3 was inhibited, VEGF expression was down regulated as well. It is concluded that TGF-β1 could promote OSCC-associated macrophages to secrete more VEGF via TβRII/Smad3 signaling pathway. This result might explain the correlation between macrophages density and worse clinical-pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Cheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Xianghe Qiao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
| | - Chunjie Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
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Santoni M, Cheng L, Conti A, Mariani C, Lopez-Beltran A, Montironi R, Battelli N. Activity and Functions of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Prostate Carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cao J, Liu J, Xu R, Zhu X, Zhao X, Qian BZ. Prognostic role of tumour-associated macrophages and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83261-83269. [PMID: 29137340 PMCID: PMC5669966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that the tumour associated macrophages may be associated with prostate cancer outcome. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor associated macrophages and macrophage scavenger receptor 1, marker for a subset of macrophages, by pooled hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals from qualified studies following a systemic search. The results indicate that higher infiltration of tumor associated macrophages predicts poor overall survival (HR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.15-1.98), but not biochemical recurrence (HR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.98-1.04) or recurrence-free survival (HR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.05-2.01). In contrast, elevated level of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 was significantly associated with better recurrence-free survival (HR=3.26, 95%CI: 1.22-5.29). Thus, our analysis confirmed the prognostic value of these markers in prostate cancer outcome. We also discussed potential causes of the controversies in the literature and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Current/Present address: Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Zhi Qian
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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Paparidis NFDS, Durvale MC, Canduri F. The emerging picture of CDK9/P-TEFb: more than 20 years of advances since PITALRE. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:246-276. [PMID: 27833949 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CDK9 is a prominent member of the transcriptional CDKs subfamily, a group of kinases whose function is to control the primary steps of mRNA synthesis and processing by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. As a cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK9 activation in vivo depends upon its association with T-type cyclins to assemble the positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb). Although CDK9/P-TEFb phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNAP II in the same positions targeted by CDK7 (TFIIH) and CDK8 (Mediator), the former does not participate in the transcription initiation, but rather plays a unique role by driving the polymerase to productive elongation. In addition to RNAP II CTD, the negative transcription elongation factors DSIF and NELF also represent major CDK9 substrates, whose phosphorylation is required to overcome the proximal pause of the polymerase. CDK9 is recruited to specific genes through proteins that interact with both P-TEFb and distinct elements in DNA, RNA or chromatin, where it modulates the activity of individual RNAP II transcription complexes. The regulation of CDK9 function is an intricate network that includes post-translational modifications (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and acetylation/deacetylation of key residues) as well as the association of P-TEFb with various proteins that can stimulate or inhibit its kinase activity. Several cases of CDK9 deregulation have been linked to important human diseases, including various types of cancer and also AIDS (due to its essential role in HIV replication). Not only HIV, but also many other human viruses have been shown to depend strongly on CDK9 activity to be transcribed within host cells. This review summarizes the main advances made on CDK9/P-TEFb field in more than 20 years, introducing the structural, functional and genetic aspects that have been elucidated ever since.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Ferreira Dos Santos Paparidis
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, Institute of Chemistry of Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo University, Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400, Zip Code 780, 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil.
| | - Maxwell Castro Durvale
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo University, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, Butantã - São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Canduri
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, Institute of Chemistry of Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo University, Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense, 400, Zip Code 780, 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil.
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Sousa S, Määttä J. The role of tumour-associated macrophages in bone metastasis. J Bone Oncol 2016; 5:135-138. [PMID: 27761375 PMCID: PMC5063225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This overview addresses the recent research developments in the role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) in bone metastasis biology and management of breast and prostate cancer as well as in primary and lung metastatic osteosarcoma. Immunosuppressive M2-type TAMs have been shown to associate with poor prognosis. Throughout their life cycle, macrophages (Macs) can adapt to environmental cues and influence the surroundings by secreting different cytokines and enzymes crucial to matrix remodelling, infection fighting, immune regulation and/or inflammation. In general terms, there is a broad and complex spectrum of Mac polarization statuses from M1 (classically activated/inflammatory) to M2 (alternatively activated/wound healing/immune regulating) Macs. Often the activation status of TAMs resembles more the M2-type. Considering the physiological functions of M2 Macs, it is no surprise that TAMs appear to have a role in metastasis, participating in almost every step of the metastatic cascade, which we review and explore in selected bone tropic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Määttä
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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