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Yang X, Liu Z, Wang X, Han Z, Zhang C, Guo L. Tumor keratin 15 expression links with less extent of invasion and better prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer patients receiving tumor resection. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:9-15. [PMID: 37243844 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Keratin 15 (KRT15) is identified as a useful biomarker in several solid tumors, while its clinical role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains unknown. Herein, this study is intended to explore the correlation of tumor KRT15 with clinical features and survival in PTC patients who received tumor resection. METHODS This study retrospectively screened 350 PTC patients who received tumor resection and 50 thyroid benign lesions (TBL) patients. KRT15 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lesion specimens of all subjects was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS KRT15 was reduced in PTC patients compared to TBL patients (P < 0.001). Furthermore, KRT15 was negatively associated with tumor size (P = 0.017), extrathyroidal invasion (P = 0.007), pathological tumor (pT) stage (P < 0.001), and postoperative radioiodine application (P = 0.008) in PTC patients. Regarding prognostic value, high KRT15 (cut-off by an IHC value of 3) is linked with prolonged accumulating disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.008) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.008) in PTC patients. Also, the multivariate Cox regression model showed that high KRT15 (vs. low) was an independent factor for longer DFS (hazard ratio = 0.433, P = 0.049), but not for OS (P > 0.050) in PTC patients. Subgroup analyses revealed that KRT15 possessed a better prognostic value in PTC patients with age ≥ 55 years, tumor size > 4 cm, pathological node stage 1, or pathological tumor-node-metastasis stage ≤ 2 (all P < 0.050). CONCLUSION Increased tumor KRT15 associates with a lower invasive degree, prolonged DFS, and OS, revealing its prognostic utility in PTC patients undergoing tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhonghao Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lunhua Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150080, China.
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Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of CD56 (140 kDa Isoform) Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues: an Eight-Year Retrospective Study. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:175-82. [PMID: 35372457 PMCID: PMC9440685 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.26.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identification of specific antigens is highly beneficial for early detection, diagnosis, staging, and outcome prediction of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic value of CD56 (140 kDa isoform) in IDC. Methods: Sixty-five patients with IDC who underwent radical surgery or mastectomy as the primary treatment were included. Proper formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks of the patients were prepared and stained by IHC for CD56 (140 kDa isoform) molecule. Chi-square and fisher exact tests were used to compare the results against the clinicopathologic data of patients. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were employed to study the prognostic value of the target antigen. Results: The expression pattern of CD56 was granular and cytoplasmic. There were significant associations between the intensity of CD56 expression in invasive cells and carcinoma in situ (p = 0.005) and normal ducts (p = 0.010). Among all clinicipathologic parameters, there was only a significant association between the expression of ER and CD56 (p = 0.023). Neither OS (p = 0.356) nor DFS (p = 0.976) had significant correlation with CD56 expression. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the CD56 marker offers no prognostic value in terms of predicting the OS or DFS for up to eight years after primary surgery. Furthermore, the intensity of its expression is similar between normal, non-invasive, and invasive cells. Considering the generally better outcome of ER+ BC patients than their ER-counterparts, the CD56 marker may be indirectly associated with a more favorable prognosis among IDC patients.
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Lam AK, Lee KTW. Application of Immunohistochemistry in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2534:175-195. [PMID: 35670976 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2505-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an economic and precise method to localize the presence of specific protein at cellular level in tissue. Although many papillary thyroid carcinomas do not require IHC to render a diagnosis, there are certain scenarios in which IHC are important. The major diagnostic applications of IHC include confirmation of papillary thyroid carcinoma in sites other than the thyroid, distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma from other primary thyroid neoplasms in thyroid, and identify papillary thyroid carcinoma from secondary tumors to the thyroid. At research level, IHC could help identify prognostic information, identify underlying genetic alterations, and predict response to treatment in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The understanding of principle and recent advances in IHC will improve the diagnosis and management of patients with thyroid lesions including papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Katherine Ting-Wei Lee
- Cancer Molecular Pathology of School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Iglesias C, González O, Temprana-Salvador J, García-Burillo A, Caubet E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Zafon C. Nodal metastatic load in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Morphological and molecular analysis with one-step nucleic acid amplification on more than 550 lymph nodes. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:346-353. [PMID: 34556265 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The risk of recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is likely related to the amount of tumour in the metastatic lymph node (LN). Therefore, the current TNM classification (N0/N1) make it necessary to find a method to quantify the LN metastasis (LNM). We propose that the quantitative molecular assay One-Step Nucleic-Acid Amplification (OSNA), which measures the number of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) mRNA copies as a marker of LNM, could play this role. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of the LNs from PTC, and to compare the morphological characteristics that have been claimed as criteria for metastatic burden with OSNA. PATIENTS AND METHOD Prospective study of LNs from 42 patients. All of the LNs were measured, weighed and analysed by OSNA and also by imprint cytology. RESULTS A total of 573 LNs were included, 187 (32.6%) of them were OSNA-positives. The global consistency between cytology and OSNA was 87.4%. Significant differences were observed in the CK-19 copy number between the LNMs<0.2cm and those >3cm, as well as between those from 0.2 to 3cm with respect to those >3cm, but not between those <0.2cm and those between 0.2 and 3cm. The total tumour load per neck dissection showed no differences based on whether there were ≤5 or >5 LNMs. CONCLUSIONS In our series the LNMs >3cm show an increased tumour load, but it is unclear if it is necessary to sub-classify the smaller ones as well as the relevance of the number of metastatic nodes according to the cut-off of 5 nodes. We consider that the OSNA analysis avoids the bias of nodal histology and allows for a greater understanding of its real oncological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Molecular Pathology Research Group (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar González
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Temprana-Salvador
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo García-Burillo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Caubet
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Molecular Pathology Research Group (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Zafon
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Neuroendocrine Tumors: Clinical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Perspectives and Case Report-Mature Teratoma in a 16-Year-Old Girl. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:373-386. [PMID: 35366281 PMCID: PMC8830444 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A mature teratoma is a germinal neoplasm that differentiates from embryonic multipotent cells into three germ layers. There may also be glandular tissue. The literature describes a total of 658 cases of ovarian neuroendocrine neoplasms, mainly in women over 40 years of age. The authors, together with a systemic review, present a case of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with and treated for a neuroendocrine tumor. Case description: A 16-year-old girl visited the Paediatric Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic because of abdominal pains that intensified during menstruation. Standard painkillers and diastolic drugs were ineffective. An ultrasound examination revealed a large tumor with a heterogeneous structure in her right ovary. A sparing operation was carried out. During laparotomy, the lesion was enucleated, leaving healthy tissue. Histopathological examination revealed the typical features of teratoma, as well as the coexistence of a G1 neuroendocrine tumor. Immunohistochemical examination (IHC) showed the presence of markers characteristic for this type of tumor. The patient requires constant monitoring in the Endocrinology and Oncological Gynaecology Clinic. Conclusion: Tissue of neuroendocrine neoplasm within a teratoma is rare in this age group of patients; thus, there are currently no standards for long-term follow-up. This case adds to the body of evidence and demonstrates a possible good prognosis with non-aggressive behavior in G1 neuroendocrine tumors and teratomas in young patients.
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Menz A, Bauer R, Kluth M, Marie von Bargen C, Gorbokon N, Viehweger F, Lennartz M, Völkl C, Fraune C, Uhlig R, Hube-Magg C, De Wispelaere N, Minner S, Sauter G, Kind S, Simon R, Burandt E, Clauditz T, Lebok P, Jacobsen F, Steurer S, Wilczak W, Krech T, Marx AH, Bernreuther C. Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cytokeratin 19 expression analysis in human tumors: a tissue microarray study of 13,172 tumors. Hum Pathol 2021; 115:19-36. [PMID: 34102222 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression in normal and cancerous tissues, 15,977 samples from 122 tumor types and 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In normal tissues, CK19 expression occurred in epithelial cells of most glandular organs but was strictly limited to the basal cell layer of nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium and absent in the skin. CK19 expression in ≥90% of cases was seen in 34% of the tumor entities including the adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (99.4%), colorectum (99.8%), esophagus (98.7%), and stomach (97.7%), as well as breast cancer (90.0%-100%), high-grade serous (99.1%) or endometrioid (97.8%) ovarian cancer, and urothelial carcinoma (92.6%-100%). A low CK19 positivity rate (0.1-10%) was seen in 5 of 122 tumor entities including hepatocellular carcinoma and seminoma. A comparison of tumor versus normal tissue findings demonstrated that upregulation and downregulation of CK19 can occur in cancer and that both alterations can be linked to unfavorable phenotypes. CK19 downregulation was linked to high grade (p = 0.0017) and loss of estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-expression (p < 0.0001 each) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. CK19 upregulation was linked to nodal metastases in neuroendocrine tumors and papillary thyroid carcinomas (p < 0.05 each) and to poor grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (p < 0.05). CK19 upregulation was particularly common in squamous cell carcinomas. We concluded that CK19 IHC might separate primary liver cell carcinoma from liver metastases, seminoma from other testicular tumors, and helps in the detection of early neoplastic transformation in squamous epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rifka Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara Marie von Bargen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Völkl
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Noémi De Wispelaere
- Department and Clinic of Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, 90766 Fuerth Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Unstimulated Serum Thyroglobulin Levels after Thyroidectomy and Radioiodine Therapy for Intermediate-Risk Thyroid Cancer Are Not Always a Reliable Marker of Lymph Node Recurrence: Case Report and a Lesson for Clinicians. Case Rep Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8827503. [PMID: 33101736 PMCID: PMC7568143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8827503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 50% of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have cervical lymph-node metastasis on diagnosis, and up to 30% show nodal recurrence after surgery plus radioactive iodine (131I) (RAI) therapy. The combination of ultrasonography (US) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and the measurement of thyroglobulin (Tg) in washout fluid are cornerstones in the diagnosis of nodal metastasis. In the absence of anti-Tg antibodies, unstimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels are generally a reliable marker of recurrent disease, and 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in the imaging work-up. We report the case of a 65-year-old man evaluated for a large multinodular goitre which caused compressive symptoms; the dominant nodule in the left lobe presented suspicious features on US. Thyroid function showed subclinical hypothyroidism, calcitonin was normal, serum thyroglobulin levels were low, and anti-thyroid antibodies were absent. The prevalent left nodule showed an intense uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT but proved benign at FNAC. On the basis of the suspicious clinical and imaging features, total thyroidectomy was performed. Histology revealed a tall-cell variant of PTC with scattered expression of Tg and diffuse high expression of cytokeratin (CK) 19; RAI therapy was performed. Within 6 years of surgery, left laterocervical lymph-node recurrence was twice detected (first at levels II and III, then at levels IV and VI) by US and 18F-FDG-PET/CT and was confirmed by FNAC. Tg levels in the washout fluid proved clearly diagnostic of metastasis only in the second, larger, recurrence, whereas serum Tg levels (in the absence of anti-Tg antibodies) always remained undetectable on L-thyroxine therapy. Surgery was performed on both recurrences, and histology confirmed lymph-node metastasis of PTC. Immunohistochemical expression of Tg and CK 19 was similar to that of the primary tumour. No further relapses have occurred to date. Posttherapy (surgery and RAI) unstimulated serum Tg levels may not be a reliable marker of nodal recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) that produces low amounts of Tg.
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Iglesias C, González O, Temprana-Salvador J, García-Burillo A, Caubet E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Zafon C. Nodal metastatic load in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Morphological and molecular analysis with one-step nucleic acid amplification on more than 550 lymph nodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:346-353. [PMID: 32800751 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The risk of recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is likely related to the amount of tumour in the metastatic lymph node (LN). Therefore, the current TNM classification (N0/N1) make it necessary to find a method to quantify the LN metastasis (LNM). We propose that the quantitative molecular assay One-Step Nucleic-Acid Amplification (OSNA), which measures the number of cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) mRNA copies as a marker of LNM, could play this role. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of the LNs from PTC, and to compare the morphological characteristics that have been claimed as criteria for metastatic burden with OSNA. PATIENTS AND METHOD Prospective study of LNs from 42 patients. All of the LNs were measured, weighed and analysed by OSNA and also by imprint cytology. RESULTS A total of 573 LNs were included, 187 (32.6%) of them were OSNA-positives. The global consistency between cytology and OSNA was 87.4%. Significant differences were observed in the CK-19 copy number between the LNMs<0.2cm and those >3cm, as well as between those from 0.2 to 3cm with respect to those >3cm, but not between those <0.2cm and those between 0.2 and 3cm. The total tumour load per neck dissection showed no differences based on whether there were ≤5 or >5 LNMs. CONCLUSIONS In our series the LNMs >3cm show an increased tumour load, but it is unclear if it is necessary to sub-classify the smaller ones as well as the relevance of the number of metastatic nodes according to the cut-off of 5 nodes. We consider that the OSNA analysis avoids the bias of nodal histology and allows for a greater understanding of its real oncological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Iglesias
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Molecular Pathology Research Group (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar González
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Temprana-Salvador
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo García-Burillo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Caubet
- Department of General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery Division, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Molecular Pathology Research Group (VHIR), Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Zafon
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang C, Bo C, Guo L, Yu P, Miao S, Gu X. BCL2 and hsa-miR-181a-5p are potential biomarkers associated with papillary thyroid cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:221. [PMID: 31842912 PMCID: PMC6916035 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The morbidity of thyroid carcinoma has been rising worldwide and increasing faster than any other cancer type. The most common subtype with the best prognosis is papillary thyroid cancer (PTC); however, the exact molecular pathogenesis of PTC is still not completely understood. Methods In the current study, 3 gene expression datasets (GSE3678, GSE3467, and GSE33630) and 2 miRNA expression datasets (GSE113629 and GSE73182) of PTC were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and were further used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and deregulated miRNAs between normal thyroid tissue samples and PTC samples. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to explore the potential mechanism of PTC carcinogenesis. The hub gene detection was performed using the CentiScaPe v2.0 plugin, and significant modules were discovered using the MCODE plugin for Cytoscape. In addition, a miRNA-gene regulatory network in PTC was constructed using common deregulated miRNAs and DEGs. Results A total of 263 common DEGs and 12 common deregulated miRNAs were identified. Then, 6 significant KEGG pathways (P < 0.05) and 82 significant GO terms were found to be enriched, indicating that PTC was closely related to amino acid metabolism, development, immune system, and endocrine system. In addition, by constructing a PPI network and miRNA-gene regulatory network, we found that hsa-miR-181a-5p regulated the most DEGs, while BCL2 was targeted by the most miRNAs. Conclusions The results of this study suggested that hsa-miR-181a-5p and BCL2 and their regulatory networks may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunrui Bo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lunhua Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyang Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Cha H, Pyo JY, Hong SW. The Usefulness of Immunocytochemistry of CD56 in Determining Malignancy from Indeterminate Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology. J Pathol Transl Med 2018; 52:404-410. [PMID: 30317844 PMCID: PMC6250936 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2018.09.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as a safe, economical tool in evaluating thyroid nodules. However, about 30% of the samples are categorized as indeterminate. Hence, many immunocytochemistry markers have been studied, but there has not been a single outstanding marker. We studied the efficacy of CD56 with human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) in diagnosis in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III. METHODS We reviewed ThinPrep liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with Papanicolaou stain from July 1 to December 31, 2016 (2,195 cases) and selected TBSRTC category III cases (n = 363). Twenty-six cases were histologically confirmed as benign (six cases, 23%) or malignant (20 cases, 77%); we stained 26 LBC slides with HBME-1 and CD56 through the cell transfer method. For evaluation of reactivity of immunocytochemistry, we chose atypical follicular cell clusters. RESULTS CD56 was not reactive in 18 of 20 cases (90%) of malignant nodules and showed cytoplasmic positivity in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. CD56 showed high sensitivity (90.0%) and relatively low specificity (83.3%) in detecting malignancy (p = .004). HBME-1 was reactive in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of malignant nodules and was not reactive in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. HBME-1 showed slightly lower sensitivity (85.0%) than CD56. The specificity in detecting malignancy by HBME-1 was similar to that of CD56 (83.3%, p = .008). CD56 and HBME-1 tests combined showed lower sensitivity (75.0% vs 90%) and higher specificity (93.8% vs 83.3%) in detecting malignancy compared to using CD56 alone. CONCLUSIONS Using CD56 alone showed relatively low specificity despite high sensitivity for detecting malignancy. Combining CD56 with HBME-1 could increase the specificity. Thus, we suggest that CD56 could be a useful preoperative marker for differential diagnosis of TBSRTC category III samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseo Cha
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Won Hong
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Piga I, Casano S, Smith A, Tettamanti S, Leni D, Capitoli G, Pincelli AI, Scardilli M, Galimberti S, Magni F, Pagni F. Update on: proteome analysis in thyroid pathology - part II: overview of technical and clinical enhancement of proteomic investigation of the thyroid lesions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:937-948. [PMID: 30290700 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1532793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An accurate diagnostic classification of thyroid lesions remains an important clinical aspect that needs to be addressed in order to avoid 'diagnostic' thyroidectomies. Among the several 'omics' techniques, proteomics is playing a pivotal role in the search for diagnostic markers. In recent years, different approaches have been used, taking advantage of the technical improvements related to mass spectrometry that have occurred. Areas covered: The review provides an update of the recent findings in diagnostic classification, in genetic definition and in the investigation of thyroid lesions based on different proteomics approaches and on different type of specimens: cytological, surgical and biofluid samples. A brief section will discuss how these findings can be integrated with those obtained by metabolomics investigations. Expert commentary: Among the several proteomics approaches able to deepen our knowledge of the molecular alterations of the different thyroid lesions, MALDI-MSI is strongly emerging above all. In fact, MS-imaging has also been demonstrated to be capable of distinguishing thyroid lesions, based on their different molecular signatures, using cytological specimens. The possibility to use the material obtained by the fine needle aspiration makes MALDI-MSI a highly promising technology that could be implemented into the clinical and pathological units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Piga
- a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit , Vedano al Lambro , Italy.,b Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Pathology , Monza , Italy
| | - Stefano Casano
- b Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Pathology , Monza , Italy
| | - Andrew Smith
- a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit , Vedano al Lambro , Italy
| | - Silvia Tettamanti
- a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit , Vedano al Lambro , Italy
| | - Davide Leni
- c Department of Radiology , San Gerardo Hospital , Monza , Italy
| | - Giulia Capitoli
- d Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology , Monza , Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Galimberti
- d Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology , Monza , Italy
| | - Fulvio Magni
- a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics Unit , Vedano al Lambro , Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- b Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Pathology , Monza , Italy
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Yang X, Hu Y, Shi H, Zhang C, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen H, Zhang L, Cui D. The diagnostic value of TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:2127-2134. [PMID: 29951933 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore some novel diagnostic biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by identifying the different expression of TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. METHODS We evaluated the mRNA expressions of TROP-2 and SLP-2 in fine needle aspirates (FNAs) which contained 10 PTCs and 10 benign follicular adenomas (FAs) using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 was also performed on postoperative samples of 30 PTCs and 29 FAs. Membranous or cytoplasmic staining in > 10% of cells was considered as positive. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of these three biomarkers were carried out. We further analyzed the associations between the clinical features and the expressions of markers in PTCs. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of both TROP-2 and SLP-2 were increased substantially in PTCs in comparison with those in FAs (P < 0.05). Similarly, IHC for these two proteins demonstrated higher positive staining in PTCs than in FAs (96.5% vs. 12.5% for TROP-2, 83.3% vs. 20.7% for SLP-2, P < 0.05). Conversely, CD56 expression was lost with 86.7% of PTCs. In identifying malignancy, TROP-2 was the most sensitive marker and CD56 was the most specific one. When the markers were combined, the sensitivity and NPV increased to 100% and had better diagnostic accuracy. However, no association was found between biomarker expressions and clinicopathological factors in PTCs. CONCLUSIONS We found that TROP-2, SLP-2 and CD56 were effective diagnostic markers for PTC, especially when they were combined to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - He Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengzhou Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Dai Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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