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Wang X, Yu N, Cheng G, Zhang T, Wang J, Deng L, Li J, Zhao X, Xu Y, Yang P, Bai N, Li Y, Bi N. Prognostic value of circulating tumour DNA during post-radiotherapy surveillance in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1116. [PMID: 36437506 PMCID: PMC9702363 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a reliable biomarker for relapse/metastasis early detection and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy (RT/CRT) initiation requires comprehensive investigation. METHODS Treatment-naive locally advanced ESCC patients with available baseline plasma samples were prospectively enrolled from November 2018 to January 2020. RT/CRT was delivered with a simultaneous integrated boost of radiation dose. Serial plasma samples were collected at baseline (T0 ), week 4 of RT/CRT (T1 ), 1-3 (T2 ) and 3-6 months post-RT/CRT (T3 ). ctDNA was analysed using next-generation sequencing of 474 cancer-relevant genes. RESULTS A total of 128 plasma samples from 40 eligible patients were analysed (median age: 64 [range: 40-78], 88% males, 95% stage III/IV), and the median follow-up time was 20.6 months (range: 12.2-33.3). During the post-RT/CRT surveillance including 36 patients, radiological progression was observed in 16 patients, and 69% (11/16) had detectable post-RT/CRT ctDNA prior to radiological progression, with a median lead time of 4.4 months compared with radiological imaging. ctDNA positivity at T1 (hazard ratio, HR: 3.60, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.30-10.01) or T2 (HR: 5.45, 95% CI: 1.72-17.26) indicated inferior progression-free survival (PFS). ctDNA clearance between T0 -T1 (HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.08-1.13) or T0 -T2 (HR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02-0.61) was associated with relatively favourable PFS. Similar results were obtained when focusing on patients without esophagectomy after RT/CRT. Notably, detectable ctDNA at T1 was a potential indicator of high local recurrence risks (HR: 4.43, 95% CI: 1.31-15.04). CONCLUSIONS ctDNA was identified as a robust biomarker for early detection of disease progression and post-RT/CRT prognosis stratification in ESCC. Detectable ctDNA at week 4 of RT/CRT might indicate higher local recurrence risks, implying the potential clinical utility of ctDNA tests in guiding post-RT/CRT treatments for locoregional control in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Nuo Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guowei Cheng
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Hospital of HuanXingBeijingChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Yang Xu
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Peng Yang
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Na Bai
- Geneseeq Research InstituteNanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc.NanjingChina
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Mbatha S, Hull R, Dlamini Z. Exploiting the Molecular Basis of Oesophageal Cancer for Targeted Therapies and Biomarkers for Drug Response: Guiding Clinical Decision-Making. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102359. [PMID: 36289620 PMCID: PMC9598679 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, oesophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of deaths related to cancer and represents a major health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions of the world with the highest incidence and mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and most of the cases of oesophageal cancer in this region are oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The development and progression of OSCC is characterized by genomic changes which can be utilized as diagnostic or prognostic markers. These include changes in the expression of various genes involved in signaling pathways that regulate pathways that regulate processes that are related to the hallmarks of cancer, changes in the tumor mutational burden, changes in alternate splicing and changes in the expression of non-coding RNAs such as miRNA. These genomic changes give rise to characteristic profiles of altered proteins, transcriptomes, spliceosomes and genomes which can be used in clinical applications to monitor specific disease related parameters. Some of these profiles are characteristic of more aggressive forms of cancer or are indicative of treatment resistance or tumors that will be difficult to treat or require more specialized specific treatments. In Sub-Saharan region of Africa there is a high incidence of viral infections such as HPV and HIV, which are both risk factors for OSCC. The genomic changes that occur due to these infections can serve as diagnostic markers for OSCC related to viral infection. Clinically this is an important distinction as it influences treatment as well as disease progression and treatment monitoring practices. This underlines the importance of the characterization of the molecular landscape of OSCC in order to provide the best treatment, care, diagnosis and screening options for the management of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikhumbuzo Mbatha
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (Z.D.)
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (Z.D.)
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3
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Luo Q, Du R, Liu W, Huang G, Dong Z, Li X. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway: Role in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Regulatory Mechanisms and Opportunities for Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:852383. [PMID: 35392233 PMCID: PMC8980269 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.852383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is the most common type of esophageal cancer worldwide, mainly occurring in the Asian esophageal cancer belt, including northern China, Iran, and parts of Africa. Phosphatidlinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is one of the most important cellular signaling pathways, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, migration, metabolism and proliferation. In addition, mutations in some molecules of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway are closely associated with survival and prognosis in ESCC patients. A large number of studies have found that there are many molecules in ESCC that can regulate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Overexpression of these molecules often causes aberrant activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Currently, several effective PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors have been developed, which can play anticancer roles either alone or in combination with other inhibitors. This review mainly introduces the general situation of ESCC, the composition and function of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and regulatory factors that interact with PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Meanwhile, mutations and inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ESCC are also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guojing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu Y, Zhao L, Xue L, Hou Y. Selected updates in molecular and genomic pathology of esophageal cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1482:225-235. [PMID: 33215736 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen rapid advances in the field of molecular and genomic pathology that have not only improved understanding of esophageal carcinogenesis and tumor immune environment in general but also have reshaped pathology practice and clinical management. In this article, we provide updates on three topics (1) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the first and most important biomarker in targeted therapy of esophageal cancer; (2) programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1, recent biomarkers that have shown promise in treating both esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; and (3) human papillomavirus involvement in esophageal carcinogenesis, one of the most debated topics in the field, discussed here with a renewed understanding from recent genomic and molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Diakowska D, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Local and Systemic Interleukin-32 in Esophageal, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancers: Clinical and Diagnostic Significance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E785. [PMID: 33020452 PMCID: PMC7600995 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known on clinical and diagnostic relevance of interleukin-32 in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers. We determined its mRNA (n = 52) and protein (n = 63) expression in paired (tumor-normal) samples from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, with reference to cancer-associated genes, and quantified circulating interleukin-32 in 70 cancer patients and 28 controls. IL32 expression was significantly upregulated solely in ESCC, reflecting T stage in non-transformed tumor-adjacent tissue. Fold-change in IL32 and IL-32 was higher in left-sided CRC, owing to high interleukin expression in non-transformed right-sided colonic mucosa. IL32 was independently and positively associated with Ki67, HIF1A, and ACTA2 and negatively with TJP1 in tumors and with IL10Ra and BCLxL in non-transformed tumor-adjacent tissue. IL-32 protein was significantly upregulated in colorectal tumors. In ESCC, advanced stage and lymph node metastasis were associated with significant IL-32 upregulation. Circulating interleukin was significantly elevated in cancer patients, more so in ESCC and GC than CRC. As biomarker, IL-32 detected gastroesophageal cancers with 99.5% accuracy. In conclusion, IL-32 is upregulated in GIT cancers at local and systemic level, reflecting hypoxia and proliferative and invasive/metastatic capacity in tumors and immunosuppressive and antiapoptotic potential in non-transformed mucosa, while being an accurate biomarker of gastroesophageal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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He W, Leng X, Yang Y, Peng L, Shao Y, Li X, Han Y. Genetic Heterogeneity of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Inherited Family History. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8795-8802. [PMID: 32943884 PMCID: PMC7481280 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s262512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumor with significant geographical variation and familial aggregation. However, the potentially different mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in patients with ESCC with and without a family history of the disease remain unclear. In this study, the genes mutated in familial and nonfamilial ESCC were analyzed. Further, we aimed to explore the genes related to ESCC and attempt to identify potential patients in families with a history of ESCC. Methods Next-generation sequencing technology was used to examine germline mutations and mutation profiles in 36 matched tumor-normal ESCC specimens. Additionally, tumor mutational burden (TMB) values were measured in two cohorts. Results We identified four novel germline mutations in patients with familial ESCC, in BAX (c.121dupG: p.E41G), CDKN2A (c.374dupA: p.D125E), TP53 (c.856G>A: p.E286K), and CHEK1 (c.923+1G>A). Mutation profiles revealed that patients with and without a family history of ESCC had similar high-frequency gene mutation profiles, among which TP53 was the most commonly mutated gene. Additionally, tumor-specific mutated genes in patients with a positive family history of ESCC were APC, AKT3, DPYD, EP300, NFE2L2, PPP2R1A, RUNX1, and VEGFA, while those in patients without a family history of ESCC were CXCR4, PIK3R2, SMARCA4, and TTF1. Moreover, patients with positive family history had significantly higher TMB values (7.8 ± 4.1 vs 5.0 ± 2.4, for patients with and without a family history, respectively; P = 0.038). Conclusion Our results identified mutation profiles in patients with familial and nonfamilial ESCC, and identified germline mutations in patients with positive history. TMB values may be informative for immunotherapy approaches in familial ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Leng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Medicine, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology, Inc, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Medicine, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology, Inc, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongtao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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7
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Elsherif SB, Andreou S, Virarkar M, Soule E, Gopireddy DR, Bhosale PR, Lall C. Role of precision imaging in esophageal cancer. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:5159-5176. [PMID: 33145093 PMCID: PMC7578477 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.08.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent advancements in the management of esophageal cancer have allowed for earlier detection, improved ability to monitor progression, and superior treatment options. These innovations allow treatment teams to formulate more customized management plans and have led to an increase in patient survival rates. For example, in order for the most effective management plan to be constructed, accurate staging must be performed to determine tumor resectability. This article reviews the multimodality imaging approach involved in making a diagnosis, staging, evaluating treatment response and detecting recurrence in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif B Elsherif
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonia Andreou
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mayur Virarkar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erik Soule
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Priya R Bhosale
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chandana Lall
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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8
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Bednarz-Misa I, Fortuna P, Fleszar MG, Lewandowski Ł, Diakowska D, Rosińczuk J, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Accompanied by Local and Systemic Changes in L-arginine/NO Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6282. [PMID: 32872669 PMCID: PMC7503331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-arginine/NO pathway holds promise as a source of potential therapy target and biomarker; yet, its status and utility in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unclear. We aimed at quantifying pathway metabolites in sera from patients with ESCC (n = 61) and benign conditions (n = 62) using LC-QTOF-MS and enzyme expression in esophageal tumors and matched noncancerous samples (n = 40) using real-time PCR with reference to ESCC pathology and circulating immune/inflammatory mediators, quantified using Luminex xMAP technology. ESCC was associated with elevated systemic arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine. Citrulline decreased and arginine bioavailability increased along with increasing ESCC advancement. Compared to adjacent tissue, tumors overexpressed ODC1, NOS2, PRMT1, and PRMT5 but had downregulated ARG1, ARG2, and DDAH1. Except for markedly higher NOS2 and lower ODC1 in tumors from M1 patients, the pathology-associated changes in enzyme expression were subtle and present also in noncancerous tissue. Both the local enzyme expression level and systemic metabolite concentration were related to circulating inflammatory and immune mediators, particularly those associated with eosinophils and those promoting viability and self-renewal of cancer stem cells. Metabolic reprogramming in ESCC manifests itself by the altered L-arginine/NO pathway. Upregulation of PRMTs in addition to NOS2 and ODC1 and the pathway link with stemness-promoting cytokines warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (M.G.F.); (Ł.L.)
| | - Paulina Fortuna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (M.G.F.); (Ł.L.)
| | - Mariusz G. Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (M.G.F.); (Ł.L.)
| | - Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (M.G.F.); (Ł.L.)
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Rosińczuk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (P.F.); (M.G.F.); (Ł.L.)
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9
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li J, Li Z. Anlotinib Combined With Chemoradiotherapy Exhibits Significant Therapeutic Efficacy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:995. [PMID: 32754439 PMCID: PMC7365939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anlotinib combined with chemoradiotherapy for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Methods: PDX-bearing mice were randomly divided into five groups, as follows: control group receiving normal saline, the group receiving radiotherapy, the group receiving cisplatin combined with radiotherapy, the group receiving anlotinib combined with radiotherapy, and the group receiving anlotinib, and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured three times weekly for 2 weeks. The PDXs were initially assessed by comparing the histology of the original patient tumor tissues with that of the corresponding serially passaged xenografts by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and P63 staining. Then, expression of Bax, c-PARP, PCNA, and CD31 was detected using immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis was detected by a TUNEL assay. Cytokines released into plasma were analyzed using protein chip technology. Finally, two case studies of ESCC patients were presented to further verify the results observed in the PDX models. Results: The pathological characteristics of the serially passaged patient tumor-derived xenografts established in our study were in line with those of the original ESCC patient samples. The group receiving anlotinib and cisplatin plus radiotherapy exhibited the strongest antitumor response among the groups. Moreover, the ideal anticancer effects of anlotinib combined with chemoradiotherapy observed in clinical patients were consistent with the results observed in the PDX models, and no serious side effects were observed during treatment. Conclusions: Combination therapy with anlotinib and chemoradiotherapy may be an effective regimen for the treatment of advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Shi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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10
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Sang L, Yu Z, Wang A, Li H, Dai X, Sun L, Liu H, Yuan Y. Identification of methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153050. [PMID: 32825936 PMCID: PMC7283077 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylation, as an epigenetic modification, can affect gene expression and play a role in the occurrence and development of cancer. This research is devoted to discover methylated-differentially expressed genes (MDEGs) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and explore special associated pathways. We downloaded GSE51287 methylation profiles and GSE26886 expression profiles from GEO DataSets, and performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Totally, 19 hypermethylated, lowly expressed genes (Hyper-LGs) were identified, and involved in regulation of cell proliferation, phosphorus metabolic process and protein kinase activity. Meanwhile, 17 hypomethylated, highly expressed genes (Hypo-HGs) were participated in collagen catabolic process, metallopeptidase and cytokine activity. Pathway analysis determined that Hyper-LGs were enriched in arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, while Hypo-HGs were primarily associated with the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. IL 6, MMP3, MMP9, SPP1 were identified as hub genes based on the PPI network that combined 7 ranked methods included in cytoHubba, and verification was performed in human tissues. Our integrated analysis identified many novel genetic lesions in ESCC and provides a crucial molecular foundation to improve our understanding of ESCC. Hub genes, including IL 6, MMP3, MMP9 and SPP1, could be considered for use as aberrant methylation-based biomarkers to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sang
- Cancer Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Ultrasound Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhanwu Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Ang Wang
- Cancer Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Cancer Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiantong Dai
- Cancer Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Cancer Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Cancer Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Li Q, Xu A, Chu Y, Chen T, Li H, Yao L, Zhou P, Xu M. Rap1A promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through the AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1815-1824. [PMID: 31545475 PMCID: PMC6775818 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras‑associated protein 1A (Rap1A) is a member of the Ras subfamily of small GTP‑binding proteins and is found to promote metastasis in several types of cancer. However, the functional role and molecular mechanism of action in Rap1A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is not fully understood. In the present study, Rap1A was found to be upregulated in ESCC tissues and its expression was correlated with cancer stage. Functional studies revealed that Rap1A could promote ESCC metastasis by stimulating cell migration and invasion in vivo and in vitro. Further study indicated that the transcriptional factor SP1 increased Rap1A expression via promoter binding and transcription activation. Furthermore, Rap1A promoted epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition, possibly through the AKT signaling pathway. Hence, the findings of the present study indicated that Rap1A may be a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfang Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Aiping Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liqing Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Pinghong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Meidong Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
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12
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Murugan AK. mTOR: Role in cancer, metastasis and drug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:92-111. [PMID: 31408724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that gets inputs from the amino acids, nutrients, growth factor, and environmental cues to regulate varieties of fundamental cellular processes which include protein synthesis, growth, metabolism, aging, regeneration, autophagy, etc. The mTOR is frequently deregulated in human cancer and activating somatic mutations of mTOR were recently identified in several types of human cancer and hence mTOR is therapeutically targeted. mTOR inhibitors were commonly used as immunosuppressors and currently, it is approved for the treatment of human malignancies. This review briefly focuses on the structure and biological functions of mTOR. It extensively discusses the genetic deregulation of mTOR including amplifications and somatic mutations, mTOR-mediated cell growth promoting signaling, therapeutic targeting of mTOR and the mechanisms of resistance, the role of mTOR in precision medicine and other recent advances in further understanding the role of mTOR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Research Center (MBC 03), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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Munari FF, Cruvinel-Carloni A, Lacerda CF, de Oliveira ATT, Scapulatempo-Neto C, da Silva SRM, Crema E, Adad SJ, Rodrigues MAM, Henry MACA, Guimarães DP, Longatto-Filho A, Reis RM. PIK3CA mutations are frequent in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with chagasic megaesophagus and are associated with a worse patient outcome. Infect Agent Cancer 2018; 13:43. [PMID: 30619505 PMCID: PMC6311070 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-018-0216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic diseases such as chagasic megaesophagus (secondary to Chagas’ disease) have been suggested as etiological factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Objective We analyzed hotspot PIK3CA gene mutations in a series of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas associated or not with chagasic megaesophagus, as well as, in chagasic megaesophagus biopsies. We also checked for correlations between the presence of PIK3CA mutations with patients’ clinical and pathological features. Methods The study included three different groups of patients: i) 23 patients with chagasic megaesophagus associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CM/ESCC); ii) 38 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma not associated with chagasic megaesophagus (ESCC); and iii) 28 patients with chagasic megaesophagus without esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (CM). PIK3CA hotspot mutations in exons 9 and 20 were evaluated by PCR followed by direct sequencing technique. Results PIK3CA mutations were identified in 21.7% (5 out of 23) of CM/ESCC cases, in 10.5% (4 out of 38) of ESCC and in only 3.6% (1 case out of 28) of CM cases. In the CM/ESCC group, PIK3CA mutations were significantly associated with lower survival (mean 5 months), when compared to wild-type patients (mean 2.0 years). No other significant associations were observed between PIK3CA mutations and patients’ clinical features or TP53 mutation profile. Conclusion This is the first report on the presence of PIK3CA mutations in esophageal cancer associated with chagasic megaesophagus. The detection of PIK3CA mutations in benign chagasic megaesophagus lesions suggests their putative role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development and opens new opportunities for targeted-therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Franco Munari
- 1Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP CEP 14784 400 Brazil
| | - Adriana Cruvinel-Carloni
- 1Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP CEP 14784 400 Brazil
| | - Croider Franco Lacerda
- 1Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP CEP 14784 400 Brazil.,2Department of Digestive Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP Brazil
| | | | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- 1Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP CEP 14784 400 Brazil.,3Department of Pathology, Diagnosis of Biopsies and Surgical Specimens, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Morini da Silva
- 3Department of Pathology, Diagnosis of Biopsies and Surgical Specimens, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP Brazil
| | - Eduardo Crema
- 4Department of Digestive Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UFTM - Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Sheila Jorge Adad
- 4Department of Digestive Surgery and Pathology, Medical School, UFTM - Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Peixoto Guimarães
- 1Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP CEP 14784 400 Brazil.,6Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- 1Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP CEP 14784 400 Brazil.,7Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School, USP - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,8Medical Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Department of Pathology, Medical School, USP - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,9Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- 1Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP CEP 14784 400 Brazil.,9Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,10ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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