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Rodin W, Szeponik L, Rangelova T, Tamiru Kebede F, Österlund T, Sundström P, Hogg S, Wettergren Y, Cosma A, Ståhlberg A, Bexe Lindskog E, Quiding Järbrink M. γδ T cells in human colon adenocarcinomas comprise mainly Vδ1, Vδ2, and Vδ3 cells with distinct phenotype and function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:174. [PMID: 38953978 PMCID: PMC11219682 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Γδ T cell infiltration into tumours usually correlates with improved patient outcome, but both tumour-promoting and tumoricidal effects of γδ T cells have been documented. Human γδ T cells can be divided into functionally distinct subsets based on T cell receptor (TCR) Vδ usage. Still, the contribution of these different subsets to tumour immunity remains elusive. Here, we provide a detailed γδ T cell profiling in colon tumours, using mass and flow cytometry, mRNA quantification, and TCR sequencing. δ chain usage in both the macroscopically unaffected colon mucosa and tumours varied considerably between patients, with substantial fractions of Vδ1, Vδ2, and non-Vδ1 Vδ2 cells. Sequencing of the Vδ complementarity-determining region 3 showed that almost all non-Vδ1 Vδ2 cells used Vδ3 and that tumour-infiltrating γδ clonotypes were unique for every patient. Non-Vδ1Vδ2 cells from colon tumours expressed several activation markers but few NK cell receptors and exhaustion markers. In addition, mRNA analyses showed that non-Vδ1 Vδ2 cells expressed several genes for proteins with tumour-promoting functions, such as neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, Galectin 3, and transforming growth factor-beta induced. In summary, our results show a large variation in γδ T cell subsets between individual tumours, and that Vδ3 cells make up a substantial proportion of γδ T cells in colon tumours. We suggest that individual γδ T cell composition in colon tumours may contribute to the balance between favourable and adverse immune responses, and thereby also patient outcome.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Phenotype
- Female
- Male
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Aged
- Middle Aged
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- William Rodin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louis Szeponik
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tsvetanka Rangelova
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Firaol Tamiru Kebede
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Österlund
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Sundström
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephen Hogg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Wettergren
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Cosma
- National Cytometry Platform, Luxemburg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxemburg
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elinor Bexe Lindskog
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Quiding Järbrink
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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2
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Silvestri R, Zallocco L, Corrado A, Ronci M, Aceto R, Ricci B, Cipollini M, Dell’Anno I, De Simone C, De Marco G, Ferrarini E, Beghelli D, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Gemignani F, Giusti L, Landi S. Polymorphism Pro64His within galectin-3 has functional consequences at proteome level in thyroid cells. Front Genet 2024; 15:1380495. [PMID: 38933925 PMCID: PMC11199678 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1380495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4644 at codon 64 of galectin-3 (gal-3, gene name: LGALS3), specifying the variant proline (P64) to histidine (H64), is known to affect the protein's functions and has been associated with the risk of several types of cancer, including differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Materials and methods To deepen our understanding of the biological effects of this SNP, we analyzed the proteome of two isogenic cell lines (NC-P64 vs. NA-H64) derived from the immortalized non-malignant thyrocyte cell line Nthy-Ori, generated through the CRISPR-Cas9 technique to differ by rs4644 genotype. We compared the proteome of these cells to detect differentially expressed proteins and studied their proteome in relation to their transcriptome. Results Firstly, we found, consistently with previous studies, that gal-3-H64 could be detected as a monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer composed of one cleaved and one uncleaved monomer, whereas gal-3-P64 could be found only as a monomer or uncleaved homodimer. Moreover, results indicate that rs4644 influences the expression of several proteins, predominantly upregulated in NA-H64 cells. Overall, the differential protein expression could be attributed to the altered mRNA expression, suggesting that rs4644 shapes the function of gal-3 as a transcriptional co-regulator. However, this SNP also appeared to affect post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for proteins whose expression was oppositely regulated compared to mRNA expression. It is conceivable that the rs4644-dependent activities of gal-3 could be ascribed to the different modalities of self-dimerization. Conclusion Our study provided further evidence that rs4644 could affect the gal-3 functions through several routes, which could be at the base of differential susceptibility to diseases, as reported in case-control association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silvestri
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alda Corrado
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G.D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- COIIM, Interuniversitary Consortium for Engineering and Medicine, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Romina Aceto
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Ricci
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Cipollini
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Dell’Anno
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara De Simone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G.D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Marco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrarini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Via Gentile III da Varano, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, Genetic Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Matsuo M, Kanbe A, Noguchi K, Niwa A, Imaizumi Y, Kuroda T, Ichihashi K, Okubo T, Mori K, Kanayama T, Tomita H, Hara A. Time-course analysis of liver and serum galectin-3 in acute liver injury after alpha-galactosylceramide injection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298284. [PMID: 38330036 PMCID: PMC10852258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin that plays important roles in diverse physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA splicing. This protein is expressed on inflammatory cells and acts as a local inflammatory mediator. Recently, galectin-3 has been detected in several diseases, such as chronic liver, heart, and kidney diseases, diabetes, viral infection, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, and tumors, and its role as a biomarker has attracted attention. Alpha-galactosylceramide is an artificially synthesized sphingolipid that can induce acute liver injury via the natural killer T pathway. However, the pathophysiological roles and kinetics of galectin-3 in acute liver injury are not fully understood. This study aimed to elucidate the expression and time course of galectin-3 in liver tissues during acute liver injury following alpha-galactosylceramide injection. Animals were histologically examined on days 1, 2, 4, and 7 after intraperitoneal injection of alpha-galactosylceramide, and the expressions of galectin-3 and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 were analyzed. Notably, galectin-3 formed characteristic cluster foci, particularly on day 2 after injection. Cluster formation was not observed in chronic liver disease. Simultaneously, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1-positive cells were observed in the cluster foci. Serum galectin-3 levels increased on day 2 of treatment and correlated well with the number of galectin-3-positive cell clusters in the liver. Moreover, galectin-3 expression was an important mediator of the early phase of liver injury after alpha-galactosylceramide injection. These results suggest that serum galectin-3 may be a biomarker for the early diagnosis of acute liver injury and that clusters of galectin-3-positive cells may be a specific finding in acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kanbe
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu Japan
| | - Yuko Imaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahito Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Ichihashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okubo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mori
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Zaborska B, Sikora-Frąc M, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13111. [PMID: 37685918 PMCID: PMC10488150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of HF, mainly due to its role in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling, HF, and atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to explore the involvement of Gal-3 in HF and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance. We report data on Gal-3 structure and molecular mechanisms of biological function crucial for HF development. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown an association between echocardiographic and CMR biomarkers in HF and Gal-3 serum concentration. We discuss facts and concerns about Gal-3's utility in acute and chronic HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Finally, we present attempts to use Gal-3 as a therapeutic target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frąc
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Smarż
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
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5
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Kapetanakis NI, Busson P. Galectins as pivotal components in oncogenesis and immune exclusion in human malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145268. [PMID: 36817445 PMCID: PMC9935586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are galactoside-binding proteins, exerting numerous functions inside and outside the cell, particularly conferring adaptation to stress factors. For most of them, aberrant expression profiles have been reported in the context of cancer. Albeit not being oncogenic drivers, galectins can be harnessed to exacerbate the malignant phenotype. Their impact on disease establishment and progression is not limited to making cancer cells resistant to apoptosis, but is prominent in the context of the tumor microenvironment, where it fosters angiogenesis, immune escape and exclusion. This review focuses mainly on Gal-1, Gal-3 and Gal-9 for which the involvement in cancer biology is best known. It presents the types of galectin dysregulations, attempts to explain the mechanisms behind them and analyzes the different ways in which they favor tumour growth. In an era where tumour resistance to immunotherapy appears as a major challenge, we highlight the crucial immunosuppressive roles of galectins and the potential therapeutic benefits of combinatorial approaches including galectin inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Busson
- Host-Tumor Interactions in Head and Neck Carcinoma: Exploration and Therapeutic Modulations, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche(UMR) 9018 - METabolic and SYstemic aspects of oncogenesis for new therapeutic approaches (METSY), Gustave Roussy and Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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6
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Niang DGM, Gaba FM, Diouf A, Hendricks J, Diallo RN, Niang MDS, Mbengue B, Dieye A. Galectin-3 as a biomarker in breast neoplasms: Mechanisms and applications in patient care. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1041-1052. [PMID: 36125083 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0822-673r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin family encoded by the LGALS3 gene on chromosome 14. It is secreted by a wide range of immune cells and mammary tumor cells. Through its activity on the tumor microenvironment, in particular on tumor-infiltrating leukocytes, galectin-3 improves the proliferation, survival, and colonizing ability of mammary neoplastic cells. Consequently, galectin-3 expression in the tumor microenvironment could worsen therapeutic outcomes of breast neoplasms and become a biomarker and a therapeutic target in combined immunotherapy in breast neoplasms. There is a limited amount of information that is available on galectin-3 in breast cancer in Africa. In this review, we analyze how galectin-3 influences the tumor microenvironment and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in breast neoplasms. We aim to emphasize the significance of investigating galectin-3 in breast neoplasms in Africa based on the results of studies conducted elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Georges Massar Niang
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Folly Mawulolo Gaba
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Adame Diouf
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jacobus Hendricks
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, Limpopo province, South Africa
| | - Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo
- Division of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Maguette Deme Sylla Niang
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Babacar Mbengue
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alioune Dieye
- Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
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7
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Muendlein A, Severgnini L, Decker T, Heinzle C, Leiherer A, Geiger K, Drexel H, Winder T, Reimann P, Mayer F, Nonnenbroich C, Dechow T. Circulating syndecan-1 and glypican-4 predict 12-month survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1045995. [PMID: 36353562 PMCID: PMC9638102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1045995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface syndecans and glypicans play important roles in the development and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Their soluble forms from proteoglycan shedding can be detected in blood and have been proposed as new prognostic biomarkers in several cancer entities. However, studies on circulating syndecan-1 (SDC1) and glypican-4 (GPC4) in CRC are limited. We, therefore, evaluated the impact of plasma SDC1 and GPC4 on the prognosis of metastatic (m)CRC patients. The present study included 93 patients with mCRC. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 12 months. SDC1 and GPC4 levels were measured in plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma levels of SDC1 and GPC4 were significantly correlated. Significant correlations of these two markers were also found with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Kaplan-Meier curve analyses indicated that PFS and OS probabilities significantly decreased with increasing levels of SDC1 and GPC4, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that both markers were significantly associated with PFS and OS independently from clinicopathological characteristics including CEA. Respective adjusted hazard ratios (HR) together with corresponding 95% confidence intervals for one standard deviation change of SDC1 were 1.32 [1.02-1.84] for PFS and 1.48 [1.01-2.15] for OS. Adjusted HRs [95% confidence intervals] of GPC4 were 1.42 [1.07-1.89] for PFS and 2.40 [1.51-3.81] for OS. Results from area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses suggest that GPC4 and SDC1 add additional prognostic values to CEA for OS. In conclusion, we showed significant associations of circulating SDC1 and GPC4 with poor survival of mCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Muendlein
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- *Correspondence: Axel Muendlein,
| | - Luciano Severgnini
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | | | - Christine Heinzle
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Andreas Leiherer
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Kathrin Geiger
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Heinz Drexel
- Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dornbirn, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Thomas Winder
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Patrick Reimann
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Frank Mayer
- Praxis und Tagesklinik Prof. Dr. Oettle Helmut Prof. Mayer Frank, Friedrichshafen, Germany
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8
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Bai R, Li Y, Jian L, Yang Y, Zhao L, Wei M. The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:177. [PMID: 36071472 PMCID: PMC9454207 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver for cancer malignancy, it is thought to be a major target in cancer treatment recently. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have a large impact on tumor development and immunotherapy. TAMs massively accumulate within hypoxic tumor regions. TAMs and hypoxia represent a deadly combination because hypoxia has been suggested to induce a pro-tumorigenic macrophage phenotype. Hypoxia not only directly affects macrophage polarization, but it also has an indirect effect by altering the communication between tumor cells and macrophages. For example, hypoxia can influence the expression of chemokines and exosomes, both of which have profound impacts on the recipient cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the intricate interaction between cancer cells and TAMs in the hypoxic TME is relevant to poor prognosis and increased tumor malignancy. However, there are no comprehensive literature reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying the hypoxia-mediated communication between tumor cells and TAMs. Therefore, this review has the aim to collect all recently available data on this topic and provide insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for reducing the effects of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Shenyang Kangwei Medical Laboratory Analysis Co. LTD, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Kuzevanova A, Apanovich N, Mansorunov D, Korotaeva A, Karpukhin A. The Features of Checkpoint Receptor—Ligand Interaction in Cancer and the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Their Inhibition. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092081. [PMID: 36140182 PMCID: PMC9495440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, certain problems have been identified in cancer immunotherapy using the inhibition of immune checkpoints (ICs). Despite the excellent effect of cancer therapy in some cases when blocking the PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) ligand and the immune cell receptors PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) with antibodies, the proportion of patients responding to such therapy is still far from desirable. This situation has stimulated the exploration of additional receptors and ligands as targets for immunotherapy. In our article, based on the analysis of the available data, the TIM-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3), LAG-3 (lymphocyte-activation gene 3), TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains), VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation), and BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator) receptors and their ligands are comprehensively considered. Data on the relationship between receptor expression and the clinical characteristics of tumors are presented and are analyzed together with the results of preclinical and clinical studies on the therapeutic efficacy of their blocking. Such a comprehensive analysis makes it possible to assess the prospects of receptors of this series as targets for anticancer therapy. The expression of the LAG-3 receptor shows the most unambiguous relationship with the clinical characteristics of cancer. Its inhibition is the most effective of the analyzed series in terms of the antitumor response. The expression of TIGIT and BTLA correlates well with clinical characteristics and demonstrates antitumor efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies, which indicates their high promise as targets for anticancer therapy. At the same time, the relationship of VISTA and TIM-3 expression with the clinical characteristics of the tumor is contradictory, and the results on the antitumor effectiveness of their inhibition are inconsistent.
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Omran F, Kyrou I, Osman F, Lim VG, Randeva HS, Chatha K. Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Lessons of the Past and Prospects for the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5680. [PMID: 35628490 PMCID: PMC9143441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major healthcare burden on the population worldwide. Early detection of this disease is important in prevention and treatment to minimise morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are a critical tool to either diagnose, screen, or provide prognostic information for pathological conditions. This review discusses the historical cardiac biomarkers used to detect these conditions, discussing their application and their limitations. Identification of new biomarkers have since replaced these and are now in use in routine clinical practice, but still do not detect all disease. Future cardiac biomarkers are showing promise in early studies, but further studies are required to show their value in improving detection of CVD above the current biomarkers. Additionally, the analytical platforms that would allow them to be adopted in healthcare are yet to be established. There is also the need to identify whether these biomarkers can be used for diagnostic, prognostic, or screening purposes, which will impact their implementation in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Omran
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Faizel Osman
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ven Gee Lim
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Harpal Singh Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Kamaljit Chatha
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (F.O.); (I.K.); (F.O.); (V.G.L.); (H.S.R.)
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Yu X, Chen L, Lin B, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu X, Xia P, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhou X, Wang Y, Qin Y, Wang L, Hu Z, He Q, Huang B. Establishment of Galectin-3 Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay and its Application in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:629-636. [PMID: 35025017 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay (TRFIA) for the detection of serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and apply this method to evaluate the clinical significance of serum Gal-3 in predicting Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN) progression. The Gal-3-TRFIA was established using the double antibody sandwich method, with the capture antibodies coated on a 96-well microplate and the detection antibodies chelated with Europium (III) (Eu3+). Serum Gal-3 was detected in 81 patients with IMN and 123 healthy controls to further evaluate the value of the Gal-3 in staging of IMN. The sensitivity of the Gal-3-TRFIA assay was 0.85 ng/mL, and the detection range was 0.85-1000 ng/mL. The Gal-3 intra-batch and inter-batch coefficients of variation were 3.45% and 5.12%, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R) between the Gal-3-TRFIA assay and commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits was 0.83. The serum Gal-3 concentration was higher in patients with IMN (65.57 ± 55.90 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (16.29 ± 9.91 ng/mL, P < 0.0001). In this study, a wide detection range Gal-3-TRFIA assay was developed using lanthanide (Eu3+) chelates for the detection of Gal-3 concentrations in serum. Gal-3 concentration is elevated in patients with IMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Wuxi People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ, Coll Pharm, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Wuxi People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Wuxi People's Hospital, affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Qiang He
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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12
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Expression of Immune Checkpoints in Malignant Tumors: Therapy Targets and Biomarkers for the Gastric Cancer Prognosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122370. [PMID: 34943606 PMCID: PMC8700640 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To increase the effectiveness of anticancer therapy based on immune checkpoint (IC) inhibition, some ICs are being investigated in addition to those used in clinic. We reviewed data on the relationship between PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, IDO1, Galectin-3 and -9, CEACAM1, CD155, Siglec-15 and ADAM17 expression with cancer development in complex with the results of clinical trials on their inhibition. Increased expression of the most studied ICs—PD-L1, B7-H3, and B7-H4—is associated with poor survival; their inhibition is clinically significant. Expression of IDO1, CD155, and ADAM17 is also associated with poor survival, including gastric cancer (GC). The available data indicate that CD155 and ADAM17 are promising targets for immune therapy. However, the clinical trials of anti-IDO1 antibodies have been unsatisfactory. Expression of Galectin-3 and -9, CEACAM1 and Siglec-15 demonstrates a contradictory relationship with patient survival. The lack of satisfactory results of these IC inhibitor clinical trials additionally indicates the complex nature of their functioning. In conclusion, in many cases it is important to analyze the expression of other participants of the immune response besides target IC. The PD-L1, B7-H3, B7-H4, IDO1 and ADAM17 may be considered as candidates for prognosis markers for GC patient survival.
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Ramos-Martinez JC, Altamirano-Gómez G, Ramos-Marinez I, Valencia J, Hernandez-Zimbron L, Hernandez-Juarez J, Echeverría-Vásquez P, Hernández-González LL, Campos EP, Mayoral LPC, Ramos-Martinez E. Prognostic value of galectin expression in patients with breast cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 22:399-409. [PMID: 35058144 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gu X, Meng H, Wang J, Wang R, Cao M, Liu S, Chen H, Xu Y. Hypoxia contributes to galectin-3 expression in renal carcinoma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173637. [PMID: 33065093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is supposed as a prognostic factor and therapeutic target for many cancers. In a previous study, we have reported that galectin-3 was related to the development of renal cell cancer and served a therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of galectin-3 in RCC are still not known. In this study, we detected the expression of galectin-3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) α in RCC using immunohistochemistry, and then conducted in vitro experiments to verify the regulation of galectin-3 by hypoxia in RCC. Our results showed that the expression of galectin-3 and HIF-1α were remarkably high in RCC tissues compared with those in the paracancerous tissues. Interestingly, hypoxia significantly promoted cytoplasmic and nuclear HIF-1α and galectin-3 expression in renal carcinoma cell lines, but not in renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2). Renal carcinoma cell line (Caki-1), but not HK-2 showed significant increase of luciferase reporter activity of galectin-3 encoding the fragment from the site of -845 to +50 upon hypoxic insult. Moreover, HIF-1α overexpression vector promoted, while HIF-1α silencing vector reduced luciferase reporter activity of galectin-3 in Caki-1 and HK-2 cells in both normal and hypoxia conditions. A direct interaction of HIF-1α with Gal-3 promoter was also verified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Together, our data indicated that hypoxia was critical for galectin-3 expression in RCC in a HIF-1α-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ruitao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Muyang Cao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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15
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Shan C, Li X, Zhang J. Progress of immune checkpoint LAG-3 in immunotherapy. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:207. [PMID: 32963613 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition has been shown to successfully reactivate T cell responses directed against tumor-associated antigens, resulting in significantly prolonged overall survival in patients with various types of solid tumors. Among them, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) play key roles in tumor immune escape and are well-established targets of cancer immunotherapy. However, the low response rate PD-1 and CTLA-4 is a limitation and a challenge. Hence, studies have focused on investigating the tumor microenvironment for alternative therapeutic targets. Lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG-3) negatively regulates T lymphocytes by binding to the extracellular domain of the ligand, thus avoiding autoimmunity caused by T cell overactivation. LAG-3 is an important immune checkpoint in vivo and plays a balanced regulatory role in the human immune system. LAG-3 is now regarded as a new generation of immunotherapy targets. The present review describes the research progress of LAG-3 to provide reference for further investigation of LAG-3. The immune checkpoint of LAG-3 plays a crucial role in cancer development and may be used in future clinical practice of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchan Shan
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
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Hara A, Niwa M, Kanayama T, Noguchi K, Niwa A, Matsuo M, Kuroda T, Hatano Y, Okada H, Tomita H. Galectin-3: A Potential Prognostic and Diagnostic Marker for Heart Disease and Detection of Early Stage Pathology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091277. [PMID: 32899694 PMCID: PMC7565392 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular biomarkers for the early detection of heart disease, before their onset of symptoms, is an attractive novel approach. Ideal molecular biomarkers, those that are both sensitive and specific to heart disease, are likely to provide a much earlier diagnosis, thereby providing better treatment outcomes. Galectin-3 is expressed by various immune cells, including mast cells, histiocytes and macrophages, and plays an important role in diverse physiological functions. Since galectin-3 is readily expressed on the cell surface, and is readily secreted by injured and inflammatory cells, it has been suggested that cardiac galectin-3 could be a marker for cardiac disorders such as cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, depending on the specific pathogenesis. Thus, galectin-3 may be a novel candidate biomarker for the diagnosis, analysis and prognosis of various cardiac diseases, including heart failure. The goals of heart disease treatment are to prevent acute onset and to predict their occurrence by using the ideal molecular biomarkers. In this review, we discuss and summarize recent developments of galectin-3 as a next-generation molecular biomarker of heart disease. Furthermore, we describe how galectin-3 may be useful as a diagnostic marker for detecting the early stages of various heart diseases, which may contribute to improved early therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-58-230-6225
| | - Masayuki Niwa
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Kei Noguchi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (A.N.); (M.M.); (T.K.); (Y.H.); (H.T.)
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Liu Y, Meng H, Xu S, Qi X. Galectins for Diagnosis and Prognostic Assessment of Human Diseases: An Overview of Meta-Analyses. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923901. [PMID: 32744262 PMCID: PMC7425123 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have explored the activities and functions of galectins. However, translation of these researches into clinical practice seems to be lacking. As compared to scattered individual studies, meta-analyses can provide a more comprehensive review of current evidence and reach a more unbiased and powered conclusion by synthesizing data from diverse studies. In this paper, findings from meta-analyses were reviewed to establish the role of galectins in diagnosis and prognostic assessment of various human diseases. First, in patients with cancer, galectin-1 expression is often associated with poorer survival, but galectin-9 expression is associated with better survival. Galectin-3 is a diagnostic biomarker for thyroid cancer and a predictor of worse survival in patients with colorectal cancer and improved survival in patients with gastric cancer. Second, galectin-3 is useful for diagnosis and prognostic assessment of heart failure and prediction of atrial fibrillation and its recurrence. Third, in chronic kidney disease, galectin-3 is valuable for predicting poor survival. Fourth, during pregnancy, galectin-13 is potentially helpful for identifying patients who do not have preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Department of Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hao Meng
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shixue Xu
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Galectin-3 as a Next-Generation Biomarker for Detecting Early Stage of Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030389. [PMID: 32138174 PMCID: PMC7175224 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin which is important in numerous biological activities in various organs, including cell proliferation, apoptotic regulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and host defense. Galectin-3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm and expressed on the cell surface, and then often secreted into biological fluids, like serum and urine. It is also released from injured cells and inflammatory cells under various pathological conditions. Many studies have revealed that galectin-3 plays an important role as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease, viral infection, autoimmune disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumor formation. In particular, it has been recognized that galectin-3 is extremely useful for detecting many of these diseases in their early stages. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize the recent literature focusing on the biomarker characteristics and long-term outcome predictions of galectin-3, in not only patients with various types of diseases, but associated animal models.
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