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Abdel-Samed SA, Hozyen WG, Shaaban SM, Hasona NA. Biochemical Significance of miR-155 and miR-375 as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Their Correlation with the NF-κβ/TNF-α Axis in Breast Cancer. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:226-232. [PMID: 38577133 PMCID: PMC10987425 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serum microRNAs (miRs) have recently been proposed as potential cancer biomarkers for early detection. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in human health, and their alterations are linked to a range of diseases, such as breast cancer. The relationship between NF-κβ, TNF-α, and non-coding RNAs is an urgent need for clinical trials. This study aimed to investigate serum expression folds of miR-155 and miR-375 and their correlations with NF-κβ and TNF-α in breast cancer patients. The current study was conducted on 183 unrelated female participants. Serum levels of free T3 and T4, as well as expression folds of miR-155 and miR-375, were significantly higher in patients with fibroadenoma and breast cancer, despite TSH being significantly lower. Additionally, the signaling of TNF-alpha and NF-κβ were found to be significantly upregulated in the serum of patients with breast cancer. Up-regulation of miR-155 and miR-375 expression may be diagnostic biomarkers of breast cancer, pointing to the role of NF-κβ and TNF-α expression in miR-155 and miR-375 expression as therapeutic targets of breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar A. Abdel-Samed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salim St., Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
| | - Walaa G. Hozyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salim St., Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
| | - Saeed M. Shaaban
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Nabil A. Hasona
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salim St., Beni-Suef, 62511 Egypt
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2
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Deng M, Xu Y, Yao Y, Wang Y, Yan Q, Cheng M, Liu Y. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0051246 acts as a microRNA-375 sponge to promote the progression of gastric cancer stem cells via YAP1. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16523. [PMID: 38505381 PMCID: PMC10950207 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) stem cells play an important role in GC progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and inhibit the biological function of miRNAs in GC cytoplasm. MiRNAs also participate in GC progress. circ_0051246 was shown to be associated with miR-375 after analyzing GC microarray data GSE78091 and GSE83521. The oncoprotein Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is targeted by miR-375 and can be inactivated via the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Due to insufficient research on circ_0051246, this study aimed to investigate its relationship with miR-375 and YAP1 in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Methods SGC-7901 CSCs were used to establish knockdown/overexpression models of circ_0051246, miR-375, and YAP1. Malignant phenotypes of CSCs were assessed using Cell Counting Kit 8, colony/sphere formation, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays. To detect the interactions between circ_0051246, miR-375, and YAP1 in CSCs, a dual-luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed. In addition, 24 BALB/c nude mice were used to establish orthotopic xenograft tumor models. Four groups of mice were injected with CSCs (1 × 106 cells/100 µL) with circ_0051246 knockdown, miR-375 overexpression, or their respective control cells, and tumor progression and gene expression were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were utilized to examine protein and gene expression, respectively. Results Circ_0051246 silencing reduced viability, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of CSCs. The functional effects of miR-375 mimics were comparable to those of circ_0051246 knockdown; however, the opposite was observed after miR-375 inhibitors treatment of CSCs. Furthermore, circ_0051246-overexpression antagonized the miR-375 mimics' effects on CSCs. Additionally, YAP1 overexpression promoted CSC features, such as self-renewal, migration, and invasion, inhibited apoptosis and E-cadherin levels, and upregulated the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, YAP1, neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1, and jagged canonical notch ligand 1. Conversely, YAP1-silenced produced the opposite effect. Moreover, miR-375 treatment antagonized the malignant effects of YAP1 overexpression in CSCs. Importantly, circ_0051246 knockdown and miR-375 activation suppressed CSC tumorigenicity in vivo. Conclusion This study highlights the promotion of circ_0051246-miR-375-YAP1 axis activation in GC progression and provides a scientific basis for research on the molecular mechanism of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yefeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongwei Yao
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingying Yan
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - YunXia Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Gan J, Zhang Y, Liu S, Mu G, Zhao J, Jiang W, Li J, Li Q, Wu Y, Wang X, Che D, Li X, Huang X, Meng Q. MicroRNA-375 restrains the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma by modulating the ERK pathway via UBE3A-mediated DUSP1 degradation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:199. [PMID: 37385985 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNA-375 has been reported to play critical roles in a variety of cancers. To unravel its biological roles, especially its specific mechanisms of action in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), LUSC tissue microarrays and miRNAscope were performed to identify the miR-375 expression. Associations with clinicopathologic features, survival, and the prognostic value of miR-375 in LUSC were clarified in a retrospective study of 90 pairs of LUSC tissues. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function assays were conducted to validate the effects and mechanism of miR-375 in LUSC. The mechanism responsible for interactions was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis, immunofluorescence (IF) assay and ubiquitination assay. We found that miR-375 had higher expression in noncancerous adjacent tissues than in LUSC tissues. Clinicopathologic analyses showed that miR-375 expression was correlated with pathologic stage and was an independent predictor of overall survival (OS) for LUSC. MiR-375, as a tumor inhibitor, inhibited proliferation and metastasis while promoting apoptosis of LUSC cells. Mechanistic research indicated that miR-375 targeted ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A (UBE3A), which in turn promoted the activity of the ERK signaling pathway via ubiquitin-mediated dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) degradation. Collectively, we propose a novel mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis of LUSC via the miR-375/UBE3A/DUSP1/ERK axis, which could potentially facilitate new strategies for the treatment of LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guannan Mu
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiade Li
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yangjiazi Wu
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dehai Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150001, Harbin, China.
| | - Qingwei Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150081, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Deregulation of miR-375 Inhibits HOXA5 and Promotes Migration, Invasion, and Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04375-3. [PMID: 36701095 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly aggressive tumour and one of the women's leading causes of cancer-related deaths in worldwide. MiR-375 overexpressed in BC cells, and its biological relevance is largely unknown. Here in, we explored the function of miR-375 in BC. MicroRNA-375 targets were predicted by online target prediction tools and found that HOXA5 is one of the potential targets. MTT assay was employed to assess the effect of miR-375 on cell proliferation, where migration and invasion transwell assays were applied to detect cell migratory and invasive ability. Besides, relative expression of miR-375 and HOXA5 was measured in BC and HEK-293 cells, and its downstream gene target expressions were evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot. In this study, we found that miR-375 expression was higher in BC cell lines than in the HEK-293 cell line, whereas HOXA5 expression was significantly lower. Our study showed that exogenous inhibition of miR-375 promoted HOXA5 expression; on the contrary, miR-375 mimics down-regulated HOXA5 expression level. Knockdown of miR-375 expression in BC cells reduces cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inverse correlation expression of HOXA5. Our findings associated that miR-375 accelerated apoptosis evasion, proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting HOXA5. In addition, nucleolin interferes in miR-375 biogenesis while silencing of nucleolin significantly reduced miR-375 expression and increased HOXA5 expression in BC. Thus, miR-375/HOXA5 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
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Bahramy A, Zafari N, Rajabi F, Aghakhani A, Jayedi A, Khaboushan AS, Zolbin MM, Yekaninejad MS. Prognostic and diagnostic values of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for breast cancer: An umbrella review and pan-cancer analysis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1096524. [PMID: 36726376 PMCID: PMC9885171 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1096524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. The incidence and morbidity of BC are expected to rise rapidly. The stage at which BC is diagnosed has a significant impact on clinical outcomes. When detected early, an overall 5-year survival rate of up to 90% is possible. Although numerous studies have been conducted to assess the prognostic and diagnostic values of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in breast cancer, their overall potential remains unclear. In this field of study, there are various systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies that report volumes of data. In this study, we tried to collect all these systematic reviews and meta-analysis studies in order to re-analyze their data without any restriction to breast cancer or non-coding RNA type, to make it as comprehensive as possible. Methods: Three databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS), were searched to find any relevant meta-analysis studies. After thoroughly searching, the screening of titles, abstracts, and full-text and the quality of all included studies were assessed using the AMSTAR tool. All the required data including hazard ratios (HRs), sensitivity (SENS), and specificity (SPEC) were extracted for further analysis, and all analyses were carried out using Stata. Results: In the prognostic part, our initial search of three databases produced 10,548 articles, of which 58 studies were included in the current study. We assessed the correlation of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression with different survival outcomes in breast cancer patients: overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.521), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.33), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 1.66), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.71), metastasis-free survival (MFS) (HR = 0.90), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR = 0.37). After eliminating low-quality studies, the results did not change significantly. In the diagnostic part, 22 articles and 30 datasets were retrieved from 8,453 articles. The quality of all studies was determined. The bivariate and random-effects models were used to assess the diagnostic value of ncRNAs. The overall area under the curve (AUC) of ncRNAs in differentiated patients is 0.88 (SENS: 80% and SPEC: 82%). There was no difference in the potential of single and combined ncRNAs in differentiated BC patients. However, the overall potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) is higher than that of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). No evidence of publication bias was found in the current study. Nine miRNAs, four lncRNAs, and five gene targets showed significant OS and RFS between normal and cancer patients based on pan-cancer data analysis, demonstrating their potential prognostic value. Conclusion: The present umbrella review showed that ncRNAs, including lncRNAs and miRNAs, can be used as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients, regardless of the sample sources, ethnicity of patients, and subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Bahramy
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Zafari
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Aghakhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, , ; Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin, ,
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, , ; Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin, ,
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6
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The Role of miR-375-3p, miR-210-3p and Let-7e-5p in the Pathological Response of Breast Cancer Patients to Neoadjuvant Therapy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101494. [PMID: 36295655 PMCID: PMC9608077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prediction of response to therapy remains a continuing challenge in treating breast cancer, especially for identifying molecular tissue markers that best characterize resistant tumours. Microribonucleic acids (miRNA), known as master modulators of tumour phenotype, could be helpful candidates for predicting drug resistance. We aimed to assess the association of miR-375-3p, miR-210-3p and let-7e-5p in breast cancer tissues with pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and clinicopathological data. Material and methods: Sixty female patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at The Oncology Institute “Ion Chiricuță”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (IOCN) were included in this study. Before patients received any treatment, fresh breast tissue biopsies were collected through core biopsy under echographic guidance and processed for total RNA extraction and miRNA quantification. The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) database was used as an independent external validation cohort. Results: miR-375-3p expression was associated with more differentiated tumours, hormone receptor presence and lymphatic invasion. According to the Miller–Payne system, a higher miR-375-3p expression was calculated for patients that presented with intermediate versus (vs.) no pathological response. Higher miR-210-3p expression was associated with an improved response to NAT in both Miller–Payne and RCB evaluation systems. Several druggable mRNA targets were correlated with miR-375-3p and miR-210-3p expression, with upstream analysis using the IPA knowledge base revealing a list of possible chemical and biological targeting drugs. Regarding let-7e-5p, no significant association was noticed with any of the analysed clinicopathological data. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tumours with higher levels of miR-375-3p are more sensitive to neoadjuvant therapy compared to resistant tumours and that higher miR-210-3p expression in responsive tumours could indicate an excellent pathological response.
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Fan J, Xia X, Fan Z. Hsa_circ_0129047 regulates the miR-375/ACVRL1 axis to attenuate the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24591. [PMID: 35908770 PMCID: PMC9459267 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are attractive candidates to be used as biomarkers of human cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our study aimed to investigate the functions and regulatory mechanisms of hsa_circ_0129047 in the tumorigenesis of LUAD. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the circRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA expression levels in LUAD cell lines and tissues. Tumor xenografts were established in nude mice to evaluate whether hsa_circ_0129047 affected LUAD tumor development in vivo. Cell counting kit-8 and transwell assays were performed to assess the mechanisms by which hsa_circ_0129047 influenced the viability and migration of LUAD cells, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated via determination of the levels of the apoptotic markers, B-cell lymphoma-2, and Bcl-2-associated X, via Western blotting. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed to determine the relationships among miR-375 and hsa_circ_0129047 and activin A receptor-like type 1 (ACVRL1). RESULTS Downregulation of hsa_circ_0129047 levels was observed in LUAD cell lines and tissues. Meanwhile, the upregulation of hsa_circ_0129047 levels repressed the proliferative, migratory, and survival capacities of LUAD cells in vitro. Hsa_circ_0129047 exerted antitumor effects during in vivo tumor development. Finally, we demonstrated that hsa_circ_0129047 sponged miR-375. This interaction facilitated the expression of the downstream target of miR-375, ACVRL1, whose upregulation inhibited the development and malignancy of LUAD. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that hsa_circ_0129047 functions as a tumor inhibitor in LUAD by modulating the miR-375/ACVRL1 axis. Hence, hsa_circ_0129047 may be a promising biomarker and gene target for LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan No.11 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan No.11 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongjie Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan No.11 Hospital, Wuhan, China
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8
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Luo C, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang T, Li S. A novel circ_0000654/miR-375/E2F3 ceRNA network in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2223-2234. [PMID: 35790503 PMCID: PMC9346169 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we identified the ceRNA mechanism of circ_0000654 regulation in ESCC. Methods The levels of circ_0000654, E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3), and microRNA (miR)‐375 were gauged by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium (MTS) and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Cell colony formation was tested by colony formation assay. Dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to confirm the direct relationship between miR‐375 and circ_0000654 or E2F3. Xenograft model assays were used to evaluate the effect of circ_0000654 in vivo. Results Circ_0000654 and E2F3 were upregulated in ESCC. Circ_0000654 depletion enhanced cell apoptosis and hindered cell proliferation and glycolysis in vitro, as well as weakened tumor growth in vivo. Increased expression of E2F3 counteracted the effects of circ_0000654 depletion. Mechanistically, E2F3 was a target of miR‐375, and circ_0000654 modulated E2F3 expression through sequestering miR‐375. Furthermore, miR‐375 upregulation phenocopied circ_0000654 knockdown in inhibiting ESCC progression. Conclusion Our findings identify a new circ_0000654/miR‐375/E2F3 ceRNA crosstalk for the oncogenic role of circ_0000654 in ESCC and establish a notion that targeting circ_0000654 and its pathways may have the potential to improve ESCC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
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9
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Kahl I, Mense J, Finke C, Boller AL, Lorber C, Győrffy B, Greve B, Götte M, Espinoza-Sánchez NA. The cell cycle-related genes RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 are associated with the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:581-600. [PMID: 35014077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the third most common type of cancer diagnosed. Cell cycle is a complex but highly organized and controlled process, in which normal cells sense mitogenic growth signals that instruct them to enter and progress through their cell cycle. This process culminates in cell division generating two daughter cells with identical amounts of genetic material. Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the cell cycle-related genes receptor for hyaluronan (HA)-mediated motility (RHAMM), AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 and correlated them with the prognosis in a collective of 3952 breast cancer patients. A high messenger RNA expression of all studied genes correlated with a poor prognosis. Stratifying the patients according to the expression of hormonal receptors, we found that in patients with estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors, and Luminal A and Luminal B tumors, the expression of the five analyzed genes correlates with worse survival. qPCR analysis of a panel of breast cancer cell lines representative of major molecular subtypes indicated a predominant expression in the luminal subtype. In vitro experiments showed that radiation influences the expression of the five analyzed genes both in luminal and triple-negative model cell lines. Functional analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells showed that small interfering RNA knockdown of PLK4 and TPX2 and pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 had an impact on the cell cycle and colony formation. Looking for a potential upstream regulation by microRNAs, we observed a differential expression of RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 after transfecting the MDA-MB-231 cells with three different microRNAs. Survival analysis of miR-34c-5p, miR-375, and miR-142-3p showed a different impact on the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our study suggests that RHAMM, AURKA, TPX2, PLK1, and PLK4 can be used as potential targets for treatment or as a prognostic value in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Kahl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Mense
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Christopher Finke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Boller
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Clara Lorber
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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10
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Kaczmarek E, Pyman B, Nanayakkara J, Tuschl T, Tyryshkin K, Renwick N, Mousavi P. Discriminating Neoplastic from Nonneoplastic Tissues Using an miRNA-Based Deep Cancer Classifier. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 192:344-352. [PMID: 34774515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has enabled the collection of large biological data sets, allowing novel molecular-based classification methods to be developed for increased understanding of disease. miRNAs are small regulatory RNA molecules that can be quantified using next-generation sequencing and are excellent classificatory markers. Herein, we adapt a deep cancer classifier (DCC) to differentiate neoplastic from nonneoplastic samples using comprehensive miRNA expression profiles from 1031 human breast and skin tissue samples. The classifier was fine-tuned and evaluated using 750 neoplastic and 281 nonneoplastic breast and skin tissue samples. Performance of the DCC was compared with two machine-learning classifiers: support vector machine and random forests. In addition, performance of feature extraction through the DCC was also compared with a developed feature selection algorithm, cancer specificity. The DCC had the highest performance of area under the receiver operating curve and high performance in both sensitivity and specificity, unlike machine-learning and feature selection models, which often performed well in one metric compared with the other. In particular, deep learning was shown to have noticeable advantages with highly heterogeneous data sets. In addition, our cancer specificity algorithm identified candidate biomarkers for differentiating neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue samples (eg, miR-144 and miR-375 in breast cancer and miR-375 and miR-451 in skin cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kaczmarek
- Medical Informatics Laboratory, School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Blake Pyman
- Medical Informatics Laboratory, School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jina Nanayakkara
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Kathrin Tyryshkin
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Renwick
- Laboratory of Translational RNA Biology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Parvin Mousavi
- Medical Informatics Laboratory, School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Li C, Xiang Q, Xu L, Liu Q, Pang X, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhang S, Duan X, Liu Y, Cui Y. Circulating microRNAs as indicators in the prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in luminal B breast cancer. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:3396-3406. [PMID: 34751517 PMCID: PMC8671904 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been indicated as predictive biomarker for the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and the prognosis of breast cancer (BC); however, to date the conclusions have been controversial. The biological characteristics of BC were affected by molecular subtypes. Hence, we aimed to investigate the predictive effect of miRNAs on NAC response in luminal B BC patients. METHODS Thirty-seven luminal B BC patient under NAC were prospectively enrolled in this study. Based on their clinical, pathological, and comprehensive response, the patients were defined as responder or non-responders, respectively. Circulating miRNAs were isolated from blood samples before and at the middle of NAC, and candidate miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-210, miR-222, miR-375, miR-718, miR-4516, and let-7g) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the association between miRNAs and disease-free survival (DFS) was examined. RESULTS miR-718, miR-4516, miR-210, and miR-125b-5p were found to be specific miRNAs associated with chemo-sensitivity of luminal B HER2 negative patients (n = 24). In the luminal B HER2 positive cohort (n = 13), dynamics of miR-222 and let-7g correlated with pathological response. Treatment-induced increase in miR-34a-5p in the responders except who reached pathologic complete response (pCR) was consistently identified across all luminal B patients and its two subgroups. Finally, after adjustments for Neo-Bioscore, patients with increased levels of miR-125b-5p during NAC had a worse DFS than those with decreased levels (HR = 5.86, 95% CI = 1.39-24.62, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Specific circulating miRNAs were identified as predictive markers for NAC response and prognosis in luminal B BC. The underlying mechanism needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Duan
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Das A, Ganesan H, Sriramulu S, Marotta F, Kanna NRR, Banerjee A, He F, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. A review on interplay between small RNAs and oxidative stress in cancer progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4117-4131. [PMID: 34292483 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been known to be the underlying cause in many instances of cancer development. The new aspect of cancer genesis that has caught the attention of many researchers worldwide is its connection to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs may not be protein coding, but in light of the more recent discovery of their wide range of functions, the term 'dark matter of the genome' has been rendered inapplicable. There is an extensive mention of colon cancer as an example, where some of these ncRNAs and their manipulations have seen significant progress. As of now, the focus is on discovering a non-invasive, cost-effective method for diagnosis that is easier to monitor and can be conducted before visible symptoms indicate cancer in a patient, by which time it may already be too late. The concept of liquid biopsies has revolutionized recent diagnostic measures. It has been possible to detect circulating parts of the cancer genome or other biomarkers in the patients' bodily fluids, resulting in the effective management of the disease. This has led these ncRNAs to be considered effective therapeutic targets and extrinsic modifications in several tumor types, proven to be effective as therapy. However, there is a vast scope for further understanding and pertinent application of our acquired knowledge and expanding it in enhancing the utilization of ncRNAs for a better prognosis, quicker diagnosis, and improved management of cancer. This review explores the prognosis of cancer and related mutations by scrutinizing small ncRNAs in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparimita Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention and Vitality & Longevity Medical Science Commission, FEMTEC World Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - N R Rajesh Kanna
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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Nasiri-Aghdam M, Garcia-Garduño TC, Jave-Suárez LF. CELF Family Proteins in Cancer: Highlights on the RNA-Binding Protein/Noncoding RNA Regulatory Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11056. [PMID: 34681716 PMCID: PMC8537729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modifications to coding and non-coding RNAs are unquestionably a pivotal way in which human mRNA and protein diversity can influence the different phases of a transcript's life cycle. CELF (CUGBP Elav-like family) proteins are RBPs (RNA-binding proteins) with pleiotropic capabilities in RNA processing. Their responsibilities extend from alternative splicing and transcript editing in the nucleus to mRNA stability, and translation into the cytoplasm. In this way, CELF family members have been connected to global alterations in cancer proliferation and invasion, leading to their identification as potential tumor suppressors or even oncogenes. Notably, genetic variants, alternative splicing, phosphorylation, acetylation, subcellular distribution, competition with other RBPs, and ultimately lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs all impact CELF regulation. Discoveries have emerged about the control of CELF functions, particularly via noncoding RNAs, and CELF proteins have been identified as competing, antagonizing, and regulating agents of noncoding RNA biogenesis. On the other hand, CELFs are an intriguing example through which to broaden our understanding of the RBP/noncoding RNA regulatory axis. Balancing these complex pathways in cancer is undeniably pivotal and deserves further research. This review outlines some mechanisms of CELF protein regulation and their functional consequences in cancer physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nasiri-Aghdam
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Texali C. Garcia-Garduño
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
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14
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MicroRNA-375: potential cancer suppressor and therapeutic drug. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229736. [PMID: 34494089 PMCID: PMC8458691 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-375 is a conserved noncoding RNA that is known to be involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. Previous studies have shown that miR-375 affects the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human tumor cells via some key transcription factors, such as Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), Specificity protein 1 (SP1) and signaling pathways (Wnt signaling pathway, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway) and is vital for the development of cancer. Additionally, recent studies have identified microRNA (miRNA) delivery system carriers for improved in vivo transportation of miR-375 to specific sites. Here, we discussed the role of miR-375 in different types of cancers, as well as molecular mechanisms, and analyzed the potential of miR-375 as a molecular biomarker and therapeutic target to improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis of cancer.
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15
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A Comprehensive Evaluation of miR-144-3p Expression and Its Targets in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6684186. [PMID: 34326893 PMCID: PMC8302387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an aggressive type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a relatively high rate of morbidity and mortality. An altered miR-144-3p level in LSCC with a small number of patients has been previously reported. However, the clinical implication of miR-144-3p and its involved mechanism underlying this disease is not clearly elucidated. In this work, we aimed to confirm the expression of miR-144-3p with larger samples and also to identify target genes for the investigation of the underlying mechanism of miR-144-3p in LSCC. The levels of miR-144-3p were downregulated in 155 samples of LSCC tissues as compared to 26 non-LSCC samples (SMD: -0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.23, -0.32). The AUC of 0.90 in the summarized ROC curve also indicated a potential ability to differentiate LSCC from non-LSCC tissues, with a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity of 0.88. With respect to the molecular mechanism, we predicted the potential targets from online-based prediction, peer-reviewed publications, and RNA-seq and microarray data. In particular, the genes influenced by transfection with miR-144-3p in the LSCC FaDu cell line were collected from the microarray GSE56243. Lastly, 12 novel targets for miR-144-3p in LSCC were obtained by different algorithms. In conclusion, our study confirmed the loss or downregulation of miR-144-3p in LSCC, which might contribute to the LSCC tumorigenesis and progression via regulation of the 12 novel targets, such as IL24, ITGA6, and CEP55. In the future, further investigations are required to validate the present results.
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16
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Contiliani DF, Ribeiro YDA, de Moraes VN, Pereira TC. MicroRNAs in Prion Diseases-From Molecular Mechanisms to Insights in Translational Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:1620. [PMID: 34209482 PMCID: PMC8307047 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules able to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via base-pairing with partially complementary sequences of target transcripts. Prion diseases comprise a singular group of neurodegenerative conditions caused by endogenous, misfolded pathogenic (prion) proteins, associated with molecular aggregates. In humans, classical prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, and kuru. The aim of this review is to present the connections between miRNAs and prions, exploring how the interaction of both molecular actors may help understand the susceptibility, onset, progression, and pathological findings typical of such disorders, as well as the interface with some prion-like disorders, such as Alzheimer's. Additionally, due to the inter-regulation of prions and miRNAs in health and disease, potential biomarkers for non-invasive miRNA-based diagnostics, as well as possible miRNA-based therapies to restore the levels of deregulated miRNAs on prion diseases, are also discussed. Since a cure or effective treatment for prion disorders still pose challenges, miRNA-based therapies emerge as an interesting alternative strategy to tackle such defying medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Fernandes Contiliani
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil; (D.F.C.); (Y.d.A.R.); (V.N.d.M.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil
| | - Yasmin de Araújo Ribeiro
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil; (D.F.C.); (Y.d.A.R.); (V.N.d.M.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil
| | - Vitor Nolasco de Moraes
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil; (D.F.C.); (Y.d.A.R.); (V.N.d.M.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil
| | - Tiago Campos Pereira
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil; (D.F.C.); (Y.d.A.R.); (V.N.d.M.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, Ribeirao Preto 3900, Brazil
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Huang HQ, Chen G, Xiong DD, Lai ZF, Liu LM, Fang YY, Shen JH, Gan XY, Liao LF, Dang YW. Down-regulation of microRNA-125b-2-3p is a risk factor for a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1627-1641. [PMID: 33949293 PMCID: PMC8806266 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1921549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality in cancer patients, but the association between miR-125b-2-3p and the onset and prognosis of HCC has not been reported in previous studies; thus, the clinicopathological implications of miR-125b-2-3p in HCC require elaboration. To examine the expression of miR-125b-2-3p in HCC, both in-house RT-qPCR and public datasets were used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC). MiR-125b-2-3p was markedly lower in HCC than in non-tumor tissue as assessed by the in-house RT-qPCR which was confirmed by the integrative analysis showing the SMD being -0.69 and the area under the curve (AUC) being 0.84 based on 1,233 cases of HCC and 630 cases of non-HCC controls. To gain a overview of the clinical value of miR-125b-2-3p in HCC, all possible datasets were integrated, and lower miR-125b-2-3p levels could lead to poorer differentiation and a more advanced clinical stage of HCC. The hazard ratio (HR) of miR-125b-2-3p was also calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model, and the miR-125b-2-3p level could act as an protective indication for the survival with the HR being 0.74 based on 586 cases of HCC. Furthermore, the effect of nitidine chloride (NC), a natural bioactive phytochemical alkaloid, on the regulation of miR-125b-2-3p and its potential targets was also investigated. The miR-125b-2-3p level was increased after NC treatment, while the expression of its potential target PRKCA was reduced. Above all, a low-expressed level of miR-125b-2-3p plays a tumor suppressive role in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Qing Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Feng Lai
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Liu
- Department of Drug Toxicology, Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Ying Fang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hai Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Gan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Feng Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
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Majed SO, Mustafa SA. MACE-Seq-based coding RNA and TrueQuant-based small RNA profile in breast cancer: tumor-suppressive miRNA-1275 identified as a novel marker. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:473. [PMID: 33910530 PMCID: PMC8082896 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disruption of cellular processes in the breast by abnormally expressed miRNA is characterized to develop cancer. We aimed to identify the differential expression of small RNAs (sRNAs) and mRNAs in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of the breast cancer (BC) and normal adjacent tissue (NAT). Another aim is to determine the differential expression of miR-1275 as a novel biomarker for BC and also identify its target genes. Methods TrueQuant method for analysis of sRNA expression and MACE-sequencing method for analysis of gene expression were used analyzing. The RT-qPCR technique was used to confirm miR-1275 down expression. Target genes of miR-1275 were computationally identified using target prediction sites and also the expression level of them was experimentally determined among the expressed genes. Results TrueQuant findings showed that 1400 sRNAs were differentially expressed in the FFPE tissue of two Kurdish cases with BC, as compared to NAT. Among the sRNAs, 29 small RNAs were shown to be significantly downregulated in BC cells. The RT-qPCR results confirmed that miR-1275 was significantly down-expressed in 20 Kurdish cases with BC compared to NAT. However, Overall survival (OS) analysis revealed that the correlation between the expression level of miR-1275 and clinical significance was highly corrected in cases with BC (OS rate: P = 0.0401). The MACE-seq results revealed that 26,843 genes were differentially expressed in the BC tissue compared to NAT, but 7041 genes were displayed in a scatter plot. Furthermore, putative target genes (DVL3, PPP2R2D, THSD4, CREB1, SYT7, and PRKACA) were computationally identified as direct targets of miR-1275 in several target predicted sites. The MACE-seq results revealed that the expression level of these targets was increased in BC tissue compared to NAT. The level of these targets was negatively associated with miR-1275 expression. Finally, the role of down-regulated miR-1275 on its targets in biological mechanisms of BC cells was identified; including cell growth, proliferation, movement, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Conclusion Down-expressed miR-1275, a tumor suppressor, is a novel biomarker for early detection of BC. DVL3, PPP2R2D, THSD4, CREB1, SYT7, and PRKACA are newly identified to be targeted by miR-1275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevan Omer Majed
- Biology Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.
| | - Suhad Asad Mustafa
- Research Center, Molecular Genetics lab, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
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19
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Guan X, Shi A, Zou Y, Sun M, Zhan Y, Dong Y, Fan Z. EZH2-Mediated microRNA-375 Upregulation Promotes Progression of Breast Cancer via the Inhibition of FOXO1 and the p53 Signaling Pathway. Front Genet 2021; 12:633756. [PMID: 33854524 PMCID: PMC8041054 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.633756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common gynecologic tumor worldwide where aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is frequently involved. Here, we evaluated the function of miR-375 on BC development and the molecules implicated. Differentially expressed genes between tumor and paired normal tissues from BC patients were screened out by microarray analyses. miR-375 was abundantly expressed in BC tissues and cells, and it was correlated with the poor prognosis of patients. Downregulation of miR-375 was introduced into BC cell lines MCF-7 and HCC1954, after which the viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion were suppressed, while the apoptosis of cells was increased, and the xenograft tumors in nude mice were reduced as well. EZH2 increased methylation and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and increased transcription activity of miR-375, while miR-375 directly targeted FOXO1. Either overexpression of EZH2 or downregulation of FOXO1 blocked the functions of anti-miR-375 in cells and animals. FOXO1 was found as an activator of the p53 signaling pathway. This study showed that miR-375 is an important oncogene in BC. EZH2 is an upstream regulator of miR-375 through mediating the methylation of STAT3, while FOXO1 is a downstream target mRNA of miR-375 that activates the p53 signaling pathway to suppress BC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Aiping Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yabin Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiyang Sun
- The Second Department of Breast Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Dong
- The Second Department of Breast Surgery, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zellinger B, Bodenhofer U, Engländer IA, Kronberger C, Strasser P, Grambozov B, Fastner G, Stana M, Reitsamer R, Sotlar K, Sedlmayer F, Zehentmayr F. Hsa-miR-375/RASD1 Signaling May Predict Local Control in Early Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121404. [PMID: 33255991 PMCID: PMC7759924 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In order to characterize the various subtypes of breast cancer more precisely and improve patients selection for breast conserving therapy (BCT), molecular profiling has gained importance over the past two decades. MicroRNAs, which are small non-coding RNAs, can potentially regulate numerous downstream target molecules and thereby interfere in carcinogenesis and treatment response via multiple pathways. The aim of the current two-phase study was to investigate whether hsa-miR-375-signaling through RASD1 could predict local control (LC) in early breast cancer. Results: The patient and treatment characteristics of 81 individuals were similarly distributed between relapse (n = 27) and control groups (n = 54). In the pilot phase, the primary tumors of 28 patients were analyzed with microarray technology. Of the more than 70,000 genes on the chip, 104 potential hsa-miR-375 target molecules were found to have a lower expression level in relapse patients compared to controls (p-value < 0.2). For RASD1, a hsa-miR-375 binding site was predicted by an in silico search in five mRNA-miRNA databases and mechanistically proven in previous pre-clinical studies. Its expression levels were markedly lower in relapse patients than in controls (p-value of 0.058). In a second phase, this finding could be validated in an independent set of 53 patients using ddPCR. Patients with enhanced levels of hsa-miR-375 compared to RASD1 had a higher probability of local relapse than those with the inverse expression pattern of the two markers (log-rank test, p-value = 0.069). Conclusion: This two-phase study demonstrates that hsa-miR-375/RASD1 signaling is able to predict local control in early breast cancer patients, which—to our knowledge—is the first clinical report on a miR combined with one of its downstream target proteins predicting LC in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zellinger
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Ulrich Bodenhofer
- School of Informatics, Communications and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Softwarepark 11, 4232 Hagenberg, Austria;
- Institute for Machine Learning, Campus Science Park 3, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Immanuela A. Engländer
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Cornelia Kronberger
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Brane Grambozov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Gerd Fastner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Markus Stana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Roland Reitsamer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (C.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Felix Sedlmayer
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Franz Zehentmayr
- radART—Institute for Research and Development on Advanced Radiation Technologies, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.Z.); (I.A.E.); (F.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Paracelsus Medical University, SALK, Müllner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (B.G.); (G.F.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-57255-58915
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Ding P, Liang B, Shou J, Wang X. lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 promotes proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by targeting the miR‑375/YAP pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1983-1992. [PMID: 33125099 PMCID: PMC7595660 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non‑coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 is generally recognized as an oncogenic molecule in several human malignant tumors. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of KCNQ1OT1 in glioma has not been fully investigated. The current study aimed to probe the biological function of KCNQ1OT1 in human glioma cell lines and its mechanisms. The glioma cell lines U251 and U87‑MG were used as cell models. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays were used to measure the effects of different treatments on survival, and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to investigate the expression profiles of key molecules. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to reveal the biological features of glioma cells. The results indicated that KCNQ1OT1 was upregulated in glioma tissues compared with adjacent tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 in U251 and U87‑MG cells inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but had no effect on apoptosis. The effects of KCNQ1OT1 on migration and invasion were partially attributed to enhanced Yes‑associated protein (YAP) expression levels and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. Furthermore, microRNA (miR)‑375 functioned as a link between KCNQ1OT1 and YAP in regulating cell proliferation. Finally, the KCNQ1OT1/miR‑375/YAP axis modulated cell proliferation and cell fate by affecting the modulated YAP‑mediated EMT signaling. In conclusion, the KCNQ1OT1/miR‑375/YAP axis modulated migration and invasion of glioma cells by affecting EMT signaling; thus, targeting KCNQ1OT1 may represent a promising strategy in glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jixin Shou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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MicroRNAs as Guardians of the Prostate: Those Who Stand before Cancer. What Do We Really Know about the Role of microRNAs in Prostate Biology? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134796. [PMID: 32645914 PMCID: PMC7370012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of men in the Western world. Despite recent advancement in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand prostate cancer biology and disease progression, castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge and often becomes incurable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), about 22-nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs, are a group of regulatory molecules that mainly work through post-transcriptional gene silencing via translational repression. Expression analysis studies have revealed that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in cancers and have been recognized as regulators of prostate cancer progression. In this critical review, we provide an analysis of reported miRNA functions and conflicting studies as they relate to expression levels of specific miRNAs and prostate cancer progression; oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor roles; androgen receptor signaling; epithelial plasticity; and the current status of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on select miRNAs, highly expressed in normal and cancer tissue, to emphasize the current obstacles faced in utilizing miRNA data for significant impacts on prostate cancer therapeutics.
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Zang X, Mao Z, Chen Y, Mao F, Qian H, Xu W, Zhang X. CircHN1 affects cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23433. [PMID: 32608539 PMCID: PMC7595908 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are dysregulated in human cancers. The biological roles of circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) have not been well‐characterized. Methods The GEO database was used to analyze circRNA expression profile in GC. The expression level of target circRNA in tumor tissues and adjacent non‐tumor tissues was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR. Gene transfection was used to manipulate the expression of circRNAs. The biological roles of circRNAs in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by cell counting, colony formation, transwell migration, Matrigel invasion, and mouse xenograft tumor assays. The interactions between circRNAs and miRNAs were verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. Results We found that circHN1 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines compared to adjacent non‐tumor tissues and normal gastric epithelial cells. Additionally, circHN1 silencing significantly promoted GC cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion, whereas circHN1 overexpression had the opposite effects. CircHN1 overexpression also suppressed gastric cancer growth in the mouse xenograft tumor model. CircHN1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of GC cells and could bind to AGO2. MiR‐1248 and miR‐375 were predicted to interact with circHN1 by bioinformatic analyses. MiR‐1248 and miR‐375 overexpression inhibited the activity of the circHN1 luciferase reporter. Conclusion CircHN1 is aberrantly expressed in GC and affects the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by acting as miRNA sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maoye Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueyan Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheying Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China
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