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Dilweg MA, Mocking TAM, Maragkoudakis P, van Westen GJP, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, Jespers W, van der Es D. Stereochemical optimization of N,2-substituted cycloalkylamines as norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00521j. [PMID: 39345718 PMCID: PMC11428037 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter (NET), encoded by the SLC6A2 gene, is one of three key monoamine neurotransmitter transporters. Inhibition of NET-mediated reuptake of norepinephrine by monoamine reuptake inhibitors has been the main therapeutic strategy to treat disorders such as depression, ADHD and Parkinson's disease. Nevertheless, lack of efficacy as well as risk of adverse effects are still common for these treatments underscoring the necessity to improve drug discovery efforts for this target. In this study, we developed new inhibitors based on 4-((2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclopentyl)amino)butan-1-ol (8), a potent NET inhibitor, which emerged from earlier virtual screening efforts using a predictive proteochemometric model. Hence, we optimized the N,2-substituted cycloalkylamine scaffold in three regions to design twenty new derivatives. To establish structure-activity relationships for these NET inhibitors, all novel compounds were tested utilizing an impedance-based 'transporter activity through receptor activation' assay. Moreover, all stereoisomers of the most potent compound (27) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory potencies. Initial screening indicated that modifications in the cyclopentylamine moiety and phenyl substitutions decreased NET inhibition compared to 8, emphasizing the importance of the five-membered ring, secondary amine and dichloro-substitution pattern in NET binding. Substituting the original butylalcohol at the R 2 position with a rigid cyclohexanol yielded lead compound 27, with potency similar to reference inhibitor nisoxetine. Pharmacological characterization of all eight stereoisomers of 27 revealed varying inhibitory potencies, favoring a trans-orientation of the N,2-substituted cyclopentyl moiety. Molecular docking highlighted key interactions and the impact of a hydrophilic region in the binding pocket. This study presents a novel set of moderate to highly potent NET inhibitors, elucidating the influence of molecular orientation in the NET binding pocket and offering valuable insights into drug discovery efforts for monoamine transport-related treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majlen A Dilweg
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Tamara A M Mocking
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Pantelis Maragkoudakis
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jespers
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Es
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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Nikolaus S, Mamlins E, Hautzel H, Müller HW. Acute anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are related to different patterns of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine dysfunction. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:381-426. [PMID: 30269107 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptor and transporter dysfunctions play a major role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases including anxiety disorder (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) in the manic (BDman) or depressive (BDdep) state and schizophrenia (SZ). We performed a PUBMED search, which provided a total of 239 in vivo imaging studies with either positron emission tomography (PET) or single-proton emission computed tomography (SPECT). In these studies, DA transporter binding, D1 receptor (R) binding, D2R binding, DA synthesis and/or DA release in patients with the primary diagnosis of acute AD (n=310), MDD (n=754), BDman (n=15), BDdep (n=49) or SZ (n=1532) were compared to healthy individuals. A retrospective analysis revealed that AD, MDD, BDman, BDdep and SZ differed as to affected brain region(s), affected synaptic constituent(s) and extent as well as direction of dysfunction in terms of either sensitization or desensitization of transporter and/or receptor binding sites. In contrast to AD and SZ, in MDD, BDman and BDdep, neostriatal DA function was normal, whereas MDD, BDman, and BDdep were characterized by the increased availability of prefrontal and frontal DA. In contrast to AD, MDD, BDman and BDdep, DA function in SZ was impaired throughout the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical system with an increased availability of DA in the striatothalamocortical and a decreased availability in the mesolimbocortical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nikolaus
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eduards Mamlins
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hautzel
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Müller
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Tseng HH, Chen KC, Chen PS, Lee IH, Chang WH, Yao WJ, Chiu NT, Yang YK. Dopamine transporter availability in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia and later psychotic symptoms severity. Schizophr Res 2017; 190:185-186. [PMID: 28364963 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I Hui Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei Jen Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan Tsing Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Nash AI. Crosstalk between insulin and dopamine signaling: A basis for the metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 83-84:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kennedy JL, Xiong N, Yu J, Zai CC, Pouget JG, Li J, Liu K, Qing H, Wang T, Martin E, Levy DL, Lin Z. Increased Nigral SLC6A3 Activity in Schizophrenia Patients: Findings From the Toronto-McLean Cohorts. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:772-81. [PMID: 26707863 PMCID: PMC4838105 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SLC6A3, which encodes the primary regulator of extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration, the DA transporter, has been implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the details of its genetic effect on risk remain largely unknown. The purpose of this candidate gene study was to identify a specificSLC6A3activity associated with SCZ by using functional genetic approaches. We first examined gene activity in DA neurons isolated from case-control postmortem nigral tissue and found that the averageSLC6A3mRNA level in controls was only 0.37-fold of that in cases (P= .0034). To understand this expression difference, we examined the association of 10 genetic markers, mostly located in the promoter region, with SCZ in 1717 subjects collected from Toronto and McLean cohorts, including 881 controls and 836 cases and identified the 5' promoter SNP rs1478435 as having a significant association signal (uncorrectedPvalue: .00462; adjustedPvalue: .0319) in unrelated Caucasians. Allele T was over-represented in controls (OR = .75); T-carrier controls had decreased mRNA levels in nigral DA neurons, contributing to the reduced activity in the controls. In vitro functional analysis confirmed that T carriers displayed attenuated enhancement of promoter activity. These findings collectively suggest that increased nigralSLC6A3activity may be a risk factor for SCZ, and may help to explain high rates of comorbidity with substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nian Xiong
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Clement C. Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennie G. Pouget
- Neurogenetics Section, Neuroscience Research Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Institute of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Kefu Liu
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Eden Martin
- Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Deborah L. Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Psychology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Joint last author
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
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Brunelin J, Fecteau S, Suaud-Chagny MF. Abnormal striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:397-404. [PMID: 23157632 PMCID: PMC3866953 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous revisions and reformulations, dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia remains a pivotal neurochemical hypothesis of this illness. The aim of this review is to expose and discuss findings from positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies investigating DA function in the striatum of medicated, drug-naïve or drug-free patients with schizophrenia and in individuals at risk compared with healthy volunteers.
DA function was studied at several levels: i) at a presynaptic level where neuroimaging studies investigating DOPA uptake capacity clearly show an increase of DA synthesis in patients with schizophrenia; ii) at a synaptic level where neuroimaging studies investigating dopamine transporter availability (DAT) does not bring any evidence of dysfunction; iii) and finally, neuroimaging studies investigating DA receptor density show a mild increase of D2 receptor density in basic condition and, an hyperreactivity of DA system in dynamic condition.
These results are discussed regarding laterality, sub-regions of striatum and implications for the at-risk population. Striatal DA abnormalities are now clearly demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia and at risk population and could constitute an endophenotype of schizophrenia. Subtle sub-clinical striatal DA abnormalities in at risk population could be a biomarker of transition from a vulnerability state to the expression of frank psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Brunelin
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, F-69003, Lyon, France.
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Liu L, Yuan G, Cheng Z, Zhang G, Liu X, Zhang H. Identification of the mRNA expression status of the dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine transporter in peripheral blood lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75259. [PMID: 24086483 PMCID: PMC3783374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the mRNA expression levels of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) of schizophrenia patients and to explore the relationship between the mRNA expression levels and the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. The research included 25 cases of acute schizophrenia patients, 27 cases of chronic schizophrenia patients, and 30 healthy controls. In every case, we measured the mRNA levels of DRD2 and DAT in PBLs by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), and we evaluated the patients' clinical symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). DRD2 mRNA levels in PBLs of acute schizophrenia patients, chronic schizophrenia patients, and healthy controls were 0.32±0.13, 0.37±0.19, and 0.34±0.09, respectively, and the difference was not significant. DAT mRNA levels in PBLs of the abovementioned groups were 0.48±0.24, 0.58±0.21 and 0.39±0.24, respectively (F = 4.330, P = 0.017), and comparisons between every group showed that DAT mRNA levels in PBLs of chronic schizophrenia patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (MS interclass = 0.198, p = 0.005). The correlation between DRD2 mRNA levels in PBLs and the positive symptom points of PANSS in acute schizophrenia patients was significant (r = 0.443, p = 0.044). In conclusion, DRD2 mRNA levels in PBLs are correlated with positive symptoms in acute schizophrenia patients, and DAT mRNA levels in PBLs of chronic schizophrenia patients are over-expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zaohuo Cheng
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Pramod AB, Foster J, Carvelli L, Henry LK. SLC6 transporters: structure, function, regulation, disease association and therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2013; 34:197-219. [PMID: 23506866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The SLC6 family of secondary active transporters are integral membrane solute carrier proteins characterized by the Na(+)-dependent translocation of small amino acid or amino acid-like substrates. SLC6 transporters, which include the serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA, taurine, creatine, as well as amino acid transporters, are associated with a number of human diseases and disorders making this family a critical target for therapeutic development. In addition, several members of this family are directly involved in the action of drugs of abuse such as cocaine, amphetamines, and ecstasy. Recent advances providing structural insight into this family have vastly accelerated our ability to study these proteins and their involvement in complex biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akula Bala Pramod
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58203, United States
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Fusar-Poli P, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Striatal presynaptic dopamine in schizophrenia, Part I: meta-analysis of dopamine active transporter (DAT) density. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:22-32. [PMID: 22282456 PMCID: PMC3523907 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission has been postulated to be fundamental to the emergence of key symptoms of schizophrenia, such as psychotic symptoms, and is targeted by currently available dopaminergic drugs. A specific marker of the integrity of presynaptic dopamine neurons in the striatum, the density of striatal dopamine terminals, can be quantified through molecular neuroimaging of the dopamine active transporter (DAT). However, the currently available results using this approach in schizophrenia are inconsistent. METHODS Thirteen Single Photon Emission Tomography or Positron Emission Tomography (PET) studies investigating DAT density in the striatum of schizophrenic patients and matched controls were included in a quantitative meta-analysis. Binding potentials in the striatum, caudate, and putamen, as well as demographic, clinical, and methodological variables, were extracted from each publication. Hedges' g was used as a measure of effect size. RESULTS The overall database contained 202 subjects with schizophrenia and 147 controls, well matched with respect to sociodemographic variables. Striatal DAT density was not significantly different between patients and controls. Similar negative findings were regionally confirmed in the putamen and caudate. There was no moderating effect for external factors. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis uncovered no evidence indicating altered density of striatal dopamine terminals in schizophrenia. Moreover, striatal DAT density did not seem to be influenced by antipsychotic medication or illness duration. Our data suggest that altered integrity of striatal dopaminergic synapses is not critical for the emergence of schizophrenia or its treatment. These findings should be useful in further refining dopaminergic hypotheses of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Kerns JG, Lauriello J. Can structural neuroimaging be used to define phenotypes and course of schizophrenia? Psychiatr Clin North Am 2012; 35:633-44. [PMID: 22929870 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This article examines whether structural neuroimaging measures have been found to predict outcome in schizophrenia and whether changes in neuroimaging measures have been found to correlate with poor outcome in the disorder. Overall, there is little compelling evidence that structural neuroimaging measures in either first-episode or chronic patients predict future outcome. Progressive brain changes might reflect a neuroimaging phenotype associated with a worse course of the disorder. At the same time, there are many fruitful avenues that future research could take in an attempt to better predict future outcome or to identify specific imaging phenotypes associated with outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Kerns
- Psychological Sciences Department, University of Missouri, 214 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Fusar-Poli P, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Presynaptic dopamine alterations in schizophrenia: functional or structural defect? Psychiatry Res 2012; 202:271-2. [PMID: 22743118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Qiao H, Zhu L, Lieberman BP, Zha Z, Plössl K, Kung HF. Synthesis and evaluation of novel tropane derivatives as potential PET imaging agents for the dopamine transporter. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4303-6. [PMID: 22658558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of tropane derivatives containing a fluorinated tertiary amino or amide at the 2β position was synthesized, labeled with the positron-emitter fluorine-18 (t(1/2)=109.8 min), and tested as potential in vivo dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging agents. The corresponding chlorinated analogs were prepared and employed as precursors for radiolabeling leading to the fluorine-18-labeled derivatives via a one-step nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction. In vitro binding results showed that the 2β-amino compounds 6b, 6d and 7b displayed moderately high affinities to DAT (K(i)<10nM). Biodistribution studies of [(18)F]6b and [(18)F]6d showed that the brain uptakes in rats were low. This is likely due to their low lipophilicities. Further structural modifications of these tropane derivatives will be needed to improve their in vivo properties as DAT imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Beijing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, PR China
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