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Forrer S, Delavari F, Sandini C, Rafi H, Preti MG, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Longitudinal Analysis of Brain Function-Structure Dependencies in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Psychotic Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:882-895. [PMID: 38849032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with conventional unimodal analysis, understanding how brain function and structure relate to one another opens a new biologically relevant assessment of neural mechanisms. However, how function-structure dependencies (FSDs) evolve throughout typical and abnormal neurodevelopment remains elusive. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) offers an important opportunity to study the development of FSDs and their specific association with the pathophysiology of psychosis. METHODS Previously, we used graph signal processing to combine brain activity and structural connectivity measures in adults, quantifying FSD. Here, we combined FSD with longitudinal multivariate partial least squares correlation to evaluate FSD alterations across groups and among patients with and without mild to moderate positive psychotic symptoms. We assessed 391 longitudinally repeated resting-state functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images from 194 healthy control participants and 197 deletion carriers (ages 7-34 years, data collected over a span of 12 years). RESULTS Compared with control participants, patients with 22q11.2DS showed a persistent developmental offset from childhood, with regions of hyper- and hypocoupling across the brain. Additionally, a second deviating developmental pattern showed an exacerbation during adolescence, presenting hypocoupling in the frontal and cingulate cortices and hypercoupling in temporal regions for patients with 22q11.2DS. Interestingly, the observed aggravation during adolescence was strongly driven by the group with positive psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm a central role of altered FSD maturation in the emergence of psychotic symptoms in 22q11.2DS during adolescence. The FSD deviations precede the onset of psychotic episodes and thus offer a potential early indication for behavioral interventions in individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Forrer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Sandini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Halima Rafi
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, University of Geneva Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Damiani S, Silva A, Donadeo A, Giovannelli ME, Pavone F, Farinella E, Rocchetti M, Politi P, Fusar-Poli P. Self-reported interoception and exteroception are atypical and excessively coupled in psychosis compared to healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:1461-1471. [PMID: 38072866 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Although psychotic disorders are characterized by an impaired ability to discriminate internal and external worlds, the role of interoceptive and exteroceptive perceptions in determining this alteration is still unclear. This observational study aimed at investigating (a) increases/decreases in interoceptive and exteroceptive perceptions in patients with psychosis (PSY) compared to healthy controls (HC); (b) the association between interoception and exteroception in HC and PSY. Two hundred and ten HC and 72 PSY completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive awareness (MAIA, 8 domains) and the Adolescent-Adult Sensory Profile (AASP, 4 domains). MAIA/AASP differences were evaluated with MANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. MAIA and AASP scores were correlated to quantify the interoceptive-exteroceptive coupling as Spearman's rho coefficients. Subgroup analyses were performed dividing PSY in schizophrenia/schizoaffective versus other psychosis. Compared to HC, PSY showed increased mean scores in four MAIA and two AASP domains (Bonferroni-p < 0.01). The interoceptive-exteroceptive coupling followed two correlation patterns in HC. A first pattern displayed negative correlations between MAIA not-worrying and AASP sensory sensitivity/sensation avoidance, while the second pattern highlighted positive correlations between MAIA scores and AASP sensation seeking. The two correlation patterns between HC and other-PSY subgroup were similar. However, schizophrenia/schizoaffective PSY did not show positive correlations in the second pattern, rather displaying negative correlations between MAIA scores and AASP domains related to passive behavioral responses. Correlation values were more extreme in PSY subgroups, indicating stronger interoceptive-exteroceptive coupling compared to HC. This study demonstrates that interoception and exteroception are atypical and excessively coupled in psychosis compared to the general population.Clinical Trials Registration: Protocol Number 20210003663 (Pavia, Ethical Committee IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Silva
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Donadeo
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Pavone
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Farinella
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, Pavia, Italy
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Li J, Wang S, Du T, Tang J, Yang J. Identifying the Shared and Dissociable Neural Bases between Self-Worth and Moral Ambivalence. Brain Sci 2024; 14:736. [PMID: 39061476 PMCID: PMC11274856 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-ambivalence, a prevalent phenomenon in daily life, has been increasingly substantiated by research. It refers to conflicting self-views and evaluations, primarily concerning self-worth and morality. Previous behavioral research has distinguished self-worth and moral ambivalence, but it remains unclear whether they have separable neural bases. The present study addressed this question by examining resting-state brain activity (i.e., the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, fALFF) and connectivity (i.e., resting-state functional connectivity, RSFC) in 112 college students. The results found that self-worth ambivalence was positively related to the fALFF in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and left superior parietal lobule (SPL). The RSFC strength between the SPL and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was positively related to self-worth ambivalence. Moral ambivalence was positively associated with the fALFF in the left SPL (extending into the temporoparietal junction) and right SPL. The RSFC strengths between the left SPL/TPJ and OFC, as well as the RSFC strengths between the right SPL as a seed and the bilateral middle and inferior temporal gyrus, were associated with moral ambivalence. Overall, the neural bases of self-worth and moral ambivalence are associated with the SPL and OFC, involved in attentional alertness and value representation, respectively. Additionally, the neural basis of moral ambivalence is associated with the TPJ, responsible for mentalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (T.D.); (J.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (T.D.); (J.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tengfei Du
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (T.D.); (J.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianchao Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (T.D.); (J.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (T.D.); (J.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Ghieh R, Krężołek M, Gawęda Ł. Self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study of the underlying cognitive mechanisms. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:378-385. [PMID: 38237359 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People diagnosed with schizophrenia share underlying cognitive deficits in self-monitoring (i.e., identifying the source of self-generated behaviours). This study aimed to investigate whether self-monitoring deficits in schizophrenia are due to a cognitive response bias towards external perceptions or a reduced discriminability of imagined and performed actions. We hypothesised that self-monitoring deficits in individuals with schizophrenia are primarily driven by bottom-up processes, leading to a compromised ability to discriminate between internally generated behaviours as opposed to a cognitive response bias towards performed actions. METHODS We recruited 333 participants, including 192 with schizophrenia and 141 healthy controls. As part of the Action-Memory Task, participants were instructed to either imagine or physically perform 36 different actions, half of which were presented as pictograms and half as text. In the test phase, participants indicated whether they had performed or imagined each action, whether it appeared in text or pictogram, or whether it was a new action. Using Signal Detection Theory, the study primarily analysed group differences in discriminability and response-bias. RESULTS Participants with schizophrenia made significantly more self-monitoring errors than healthy controls. This was primarily due to significantly lower sensitivity, but not a response bias. Whereas recognition memory errors were driven by both lower sensitivity and a response bias. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that self-monitoring in schizophrenia was specifically impaired by a compromised discriminability of imagined and performed events and an inability to appropriately compensate by adjusting decision-thresholds. Implications on the role of bottom-up and top-down cognitive mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Ghieh
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Martyna Krężołek
- II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gawęda
- Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Damiani S, Cavicchioli M, Guiot C, Donadeo A, Scalabrini A, Grecuzzo V, Bergamaschini I, Provenzani U, Politi P, Fusar-Poli P. The noise in our brain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging and signal-detection studies on source monitoring in psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:142-151. [PMID: 38039688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noisy thoughts or perceptions are characteristics of psychosis (PSY) and, they are deeply related to source monitoring (SM) - the ability to discriminate the origin of internal/external experiences. METHODS This MOOSE, PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis compared SM performances in PSY compared to healthy controls (HC) focusing on signal-to-noise discrimination in order to: i) test whether neuroimaging procedures (fMRI/EEG) might be a group-specific source of noise for SM; ii) compare error- and accuracy-based indexes; iii) to meta-analyze signal-detection measures (i.e., discrimination index and response bias); iv) to determine the best index capturing SM deficits in psychosis. We conducted a 3-level meta-analysis for each aim to estimate pooled effect-sizes (Cohen's d). SM type, source discrimination and stimulus modality were used as meta-regressors. Heterogeneity (I2), publication bias (Egger's test) and multiple comparisons (Bonferroni correction) were considered. RESULTS Sixteen neuroimaging, 44 error/accuracy-based behavioral and 7 signal-detection trials were included (2297 PSY, age range = 18.78-52.6; 1745 HC, age range = 21.1-53.3). The noise generated by neuroimaging procedures slightly influenced error, but not accuracy. Accuracy-based (d = -0.83), but not error-based, indexes showed significant and large SM impairments in PSY compared to HC. Overall SM performance differences between PSY and HC were larger in discrimination index (d = -0.65) and accuracy (d = -0.61), followed by response bias (d = -0.59, ns) and error-based (d = 0.35) indexes. CONCLUSION Although both accuracy and discrimination indexes differentiate patients with PSY from HC, discrimination index is more reliable and may better capture the bi-directional nature of the internal/external source confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy.
| | - Marco Cavicchioli
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Department of Psychology, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guiot
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy
| | - Alberto Donadeo
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- University of Bergamo, Department of Human and Social Science, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Pierluigi Politi
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- University of Pavia, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Merola GP, Boy OB, Fascina I, Pecoraro V, Falone A, Patti A, Santarelli G, Cicero DC, Ballerini A, Ricca V. Aberrant Salience Inventory: A meta-analysis to investigate its psychometric properties and identify screening cutoff scores. Scand J Psychol 2023; 64:734-745. [PMID: 37243361 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) is a useful tool to measure salience abnormalities among the general population. There is strong clinical and scientific evidence that salience alteration is linked to psychosis. To the present day, no meta-analysis evaluating ASI's psychometric properties and screening potential has been published. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase were searched using terms including "psychosis," "schizophrenia," and "Aberrant Salience Inventory." Observational and experimental studies employing ASI on populations of non-psychotic controls and patients with psychosis were included. ASI scores and other demographic measures (age, gender, ethnicity) were extracted as outcomes. Individual patients' data (IPD) were collected. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the IPD. RESULTS Eight articles were finally included in the meta-analysis. ASI scores differ significantly between psychotic and non-psychotic populations; a novel three-factor model is proposed regarding subscales structure. Theoretical positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) were calculated and presented together with different cutoff points depending on preselected specific populations of interest. DISCUSSION PPV and NPV values reached levels adequate for ASI to be considered a viable screening tool for psychosis. The factor analysis highlights the presence of a novel subscale that was named "Unveiling experiences." Implications regarding the meaning of the new factor structure are discussed, as well as ASI's potential as a screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ottone Baccaredda Boy
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Isotta Fascina
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pecoraro
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Falone
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Patti
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Santarelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ballerini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Damiani S, Zarbo C, Stolarski M, Zamparini M, Casiraghi L, Rocchetti M, Starace F, Fusar-Poli P, de Girolamo G. Time will tell: Associations between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:116-124. [PMID: 37717509 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) experience disrupted temporality on the immediate timescale. However, insufficient information is available for longer time frames, and the interaction of temporal perspectives with the clinical manifestations of SSD is unknown. We explored the association between unbalanced time perspectives and symptom severity. Thirty-seven Italian mental health services participating in the DiAPAson project recruited 620 patients with DSM-5 SSD (68 % males, mean age = 41.3 ± 9.5 years). Time perspective biases were measured using the Deviation from the Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTP-r) indicator, based on Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) scores. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). Preliminary analyses examined the associations between ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores. In secondary analyses, we first tested the associations between the ZTPI/DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS subscales and then compared ZTPI differences between patients with and without hallucinations, delusions, and conceptual disorganisation. Statistical significance was set at Holm-Bonferroni corrected p < 0.05. Low-to-moderate positive correlations were found between the DBTP-r and BPRS/BNSS total scores (r = 0.29/0.22). The strongest associations were between DBTP-r/ZTPI_Past-Negative and anxiety/depression (r = 0.34/0.36), followed by DBTP-r/ZTPI_Present-Fatalistic with thought disturbances (r = 0.22/0.20). DBTP-r was associated with BNSS anhedonia and avolition (r = 0.21/0.24). DBTP-r was higher in patients with hallucinations (ES = 0.391) and conceptual disorganisation (ES = 0.397) than in those without these symptoms. Unbalanced time perspective was positively associated with the severity of primary and secondary SSD features. These findings provide a rationale for empirical tests focused on balancing time perspectives in patients with SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Zarbo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Zamparini
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Letizia Casiraghi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Rocchetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Mental Health and Dependence, ASST of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Starace
- Department of Mental Health and Dependence, AUSL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Assaf R, Ouellet J, Bourque J, Stip E, Leyton M, Conrod P, Potvin S. A functional neuroimaging study of self-other processing alterations in atypical developmental trajectories of psychotic-like experiences. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16324. [PMID: 36175570 PMCID: PMC9522794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-disturbances constitute a hallmark of psychosis, but it remains unclear whether these alterations are present in at-risk populations, and therefore their role in the development of psychosis has yet to be confirmed. The present study addressed this question by measuring neural correlates of self-other processing in youth belonging to three developmental trajectories of psychotic experiences. Eighty-six youths were recruited from a longitudinal cohort of over 3800 adolescents based on their trajectories of Psychotic-Like Experiences from 12 to 16 years of age. Participants underwent neuroimaging at 17 years of age (mean). A functional neuroimaging task evaluating self- and other-related trait judgments was used to measure whole-brain activation and connectivity. Youth who showed an increasing trajectory displayed hypoactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and hypoconnectivity with the cerebellum. By contrast, youth who showed a decreasing trajectory displayed decreased activation of the superior temporal gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the middle occipital gyrus. These findings suggest that the increasing trajectory is associated with alterations that might erode distinctions between self and other, influencing the emergence of symptoms such as hallucinations. The decreasing trajectory, in comparison, was associated with hypoactivations in areas influencing attention and basic information processing more generally. These alterations might affect the trajectories’ susceptibilities to positive vs. negative symptoms, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Assaf
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, H1N 3V2, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julien Ouellet
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman Faculty of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, 7331 Hochelaga, Montreal, H1N 3V2, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Damiani S, Donadeo A, Bassetti N, Salazar‐de‐Pablo G, Guiot C, Politi P, Fusar‐Poli P. Understanding source monitoring subtypes and their relation to psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:162-171. [PMID: 35124869 PMCID: PMC9313862 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Source monitoring (SM) is the metacognitive ability to determine the origin of one's experiences. SM is altered in primary psychiatric psychosis, although relationships between SM subtypes, other cognitive domains and symptoms are unclear. Our aims were to synthesize evidence comparing psychosis -with and without hallucinations- and healthy controls classifying SM subtypes by source discrimination (internal/external/reality monitoring) and stimulus modality (visual/auditory/imagined/performed). METHODS This systematic review adopted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes guidelines. Core demographical and clinical parameters were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as quality check. SM differences between (i) psychosis patients versus healthy controls and (ii) patients with versus without hallucinations were investigated via random-effect model meta-analysis. The primary effect size measure was standardized mean difference (SMD) in each SM subtype performance (error or accuracy). Heterogeneity, publication biases and meta-regressions were assessed. RESULTS Five thousand two hundred and fifty-six records were screened to finally include 44 studies (1566 patients, 1175 controls). Mean Newcastle-Ottawa score was 7.41 out of 9. Few studies measured SM associations with cognition (n = 9) and symptoms (n = 19), with heterogeneous findings. SM performance across all measures was reduced in psychosis versus healthy controls (SMD = 0.458). Internal SM (SMD: errors = 0.513; accuracy = 0.733) and imagined stimuli (SMD: errors = 0.688; accuracy = 0.978) were specifically impaired. Patients with versus without hallucinations showed SM deficits only for externalizing (SMD = 0.410) and imagined/auditory (SMD = 0.498/0.277) errors. CONCLUSION The proposed classifications highlight specific SM deficits for internal/imagined stimuli in psychosis, providing evidence-based indications to design and interpret future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Alberto Donadeo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Nicola Bassetti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Gonzalo Salazar‐de‐Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health ServicesSouth London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Cecilia Guiot
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Paolo Fusar‐Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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10
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Salgado-Pineda P, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Spanlang B, Pomes A, Landin-Romero R, Portillo F, Bosque C, Franquelo JC, Teixido C, Sarró S, Salvador R, Pomarol-Clotet E. Neural correlates of disturbance in the sense of agency in schizophrenia: An fMRI study using the 'enfacement' paradigm. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:395-401. [PMID: 34218983 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An altered sense of self-awareness and agency has been proposed to underlie symptoms of schizophrenia. In this study, we used the enfacement illusion paradigm - in which perception of another person's face leads to changes in perception of one's own peri-personal space - to examine the brain correlates of the sense of agency and its potential disruption in schizophrenia. Thirty-three schizophrenic patients and 27 healthy controls underwent fMRI scanning during performance of a task designed to elicit the enfacement illusion. Activations were examined using whole-brain analysis and also in an a priori identified region of interest (ROI) in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), a region that has been described as involved in self/other differentiation and sense of agency. Both groups showed a pattern of cortical activation involving the pre and postcentral cortex, Rolandic operculum, insula, parietal, temporal and occipital cortex bilaterally as well as TPJ (but only right-side in patients). Examination of the TPJ ROI revealed significantly reduced activation on the left in the patients that was associated with poorer insight. The findings suggest brain functional abnormality in schizophrenia related to the formation or maintenance of processes related to self and/or agency. Decreased function in the TPJ may have a role in the impaired insight seen in patients with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - P Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Spanlang
- Event Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Virtual Bodyworks S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ausias Pomes
- Event Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Accenture, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Landin-Romero
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney,NSW, Australia
| | | | - Clara Bosque
- Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Teixido
- Hospital Mare de Dèu de la Mercé, Unitat Polivalent Barcelona Nord, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Two Faces of a Coin? A Systematic Review of Source Monitoring and Its Relationship with Memory in Autism. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050640. [PMID: 34063387 PMCID: PMC8156924 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to discriminate the origin of stimuli, known as source monitoring, is crucial for self–other distinction and the integration of internally generated and externally generated experiences. Despite its valence, evidence on source monitoring in autism is yet scarce and unclear. We systematically reviewed literature concerning source monitoring in autism and its relationship with other constructs, such as memory type, encoding effects, social cognition, general intelligence, and clinical factors. Source-monitoring performance (operationalized as error or accuracy) was reduced in autistic participants in 9 of the 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria. When explicitly investigated, free-recall memory impairments in autism were shown to influence source monitoring deficits. General intelligence was another important factor linked to source-monitoring performance. Conversely, other memory types or encoding effects were not impaired in autism, and no univocal association could be found with source monitoring. Social cognition and clinical symptoms were rarely assessed in spite of their possible involvement in source monitoring. The heterogeneity of the task design, outcome measures and demographical factors limited study comparability. As a research framework on source monitoring as a construct of primary interest in autism is still lacking, we propose preliminary indications for future investigations based on the collected findings.
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Damiani S, Scalabrini A, Ku HL, Lane TJ, Politi P, Northoff G. From local to global and back: An exploratory study on cross-scale desynchronization in schizophrenia and its relation to thought disorders. Schizophr Res 2021; 231:10-12. [PMID: 33735688 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Scalabrini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences (DiSPuTer), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Hsiao-Lun Ku
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, TMU Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, TMU-ShuangHo Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Timothy Joseph Lane
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, TMU Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Centre for Research Ethics & Bioethics, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Fusar-Poli L, Ciancio A, Gabbiadini A, Meo V, Patania F, Rodolico A, Saitta G, Vozza L, Petralia A, Signorelli MS, Aguglia E. Self-Reported Autistic Traits Using the AQ: A Comparison between Individuals with ASD, Psychosis, and Non-Clinical Controls. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E291. [PMID: 32422885 PMCID: PMC7288044 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "autism" was originally coined by Eugen Bleuler to describe one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. Even if autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are now considered two distinct conditions, they share some clinical features. The present study aimed to investigate self-reported autistic traits in individuals with ASD, SSD, and non-clinical controls (NCC), using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), a 50-item questionnaire. The study was conducted in the Psychiatry Unit of Policlinico "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy. The AQ was administered to 35 adults with ASD, 64 with SSD, and 198 NCC. Overall, our data showed that the ASD sample scored significantly higher than NCC. However, no significant differences were detected between individuals with ASD and SSD. Notably, the three groups scored similarly in the subscale "attention to detail". AQ showed good accuracy in differentiating ASD from NCC (AUC = 0.84), while discriminant ability was poor in the clinical sample (AUC = 0.63). Finally, AQ did not correlate with clinician-rated ADOS-2 scores in the ASD sample. Our study confirms that symptoms are partially overlapping in adults with ASD and psychosis. Moreover, they raise concerns regarding the usefulness of AQ as a screening tool in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.F.-P.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (V.M.); (F.P.); (A.R.); (G.S.); (L.V.); (A.P.); (M.S.S.)
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