1
|
Li Z, Azad MAK, Meng C, Kong X, Gui J, Lin W, Cui Y, Lan W, He Q. Metabolomics, network pharmacology, and microbiome analyses uncover the mechanisms of the Chinese herbal formula for the improvement of meat quality in spent hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2025; 16:17. [PMID: 39894829 PMCID: PMC11789354 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-025-01150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production; however, multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens. Chinese herbs have been widely used as medicine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality. This experiment explored the effects of adding 1.0% Chinese herbal formula (CHF, including 0.30% Leonurus japonicus Houtt., 0.20% Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., 0.25% Ligustrum lucidum Ait., and 0.25% Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.) for 120 d to the spent hens' diet through metabolomics, network pharmacology, and microbiome strategies. RESULTS The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss (P < 0.05), b* value (P = 0.058), and shear force (P = 0.099) and increasing cooked meat percentage (P = 0.054) and dry matter (P < 0.05) of breast muscle. The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing (P < 0.05) the content of C18:2n-6, n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total PUFA, PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio, and tending to increase serine content (P = 0.069). The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA, linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid elongation, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation. Furthermore, the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level (P < 0.05) and upregulated gene expression related to the Nrf2 pathway (including HO-1, P < 0.05; Nrf2, P = 0.098; CAT, P = 0.060; GPX1, P = 0.063; and SOD2, P = 0.052) and lipid metabolism (including PPARγ, P < 0.05; SREBP1, P = 0.059; and CPT1A, P = 0.058). Additionally, CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Synergistetes abundances (P < 0.05), which may contribute to better meat quality. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat, which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens' diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chengwen Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China.
| | - Jue Gui
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wenchao Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yadong Cui
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Wei Lan
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Jiang Y, Buzdar JA, Ahmed S, Sun X, Li F, Ma L, Wu PF, Li C. Microalgae: An Exciting Alternative Protein Source and Nutraceutical for the Poultry Sector. Food Sci Anim Resour 2025; 45:243-265. [PMID: 39840237 PMCID: PMC11743838 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2024.e130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have garnered a considerable attention as a sustainable substitute as customary feed ingredients for poultry, predominantly due to their extraordinary nutritive profile and purposeful properties. These minuscule organisms are protein rich, retain an ample quantity of essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, thus are capable of improving nutritive value of poultry diets. Microalgae comparatively delivers an outstanding source of protein containing substantial amount of innumerable bioactive complexes, omega-3 fatty acids in addition to the essential amino acids (methionine and lysine), crucial for optimal growth and development. Besides nutritional significance, microalgae have considerable immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties that help to reduce oxidative stress and enhance immune status, thereby improving the overall health and performance. Additionally, microalgae proved to induce antimicrobial and intestinal health benefits via upregulated gut eubiosis, promoting the colonization and growth of probiotic bacteria and offering protection against infections. These nutraceutical benefits are particularly important for sustainable poultry production and reducing the dependence on antibiotic growth promoters to produce antibiotic free food. This review aims to highlights multifaceted advantages of microalgae as a functional feed additive for poultry diet to support sustainable and efficient poultry production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LiXue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - YuNan Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jameel Ahmed Buzdar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 3800, Pakistan
| | - Shabbir Ahmed
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam 70050, Pakistan
| | - XinYu Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - FengHui Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - LiNa Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Pei Feng Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - ChangXing Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li P, Li Z, Shi P, Tan G, Zeng J, Huang P. Metabolome analysis of egg yolk and white following dietary supplementation with Ampelopsis grossedentata extract. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104110. [PMID: 39106697 PMCID: PMC11343058 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Eggs are recognized for their rich nutrient profile, providing essential proteins and lipids with notable functional properties. This study examines the effects of incorporating Water Extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata (WEA) into poultry feed on egg quality, focusing on lipid content, choline, L-carnitine levels, and flavonoid compound deposition. Our results show significant increases in essential amino acids, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds in eggs from WEA-treated hens, suggesting enhanced cardiovascular, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory benefits. Additionally, we observed elevated levels of choline and betaine in egg yolks, alongside increased L-carnitine content, which may contribute to improved lipid metabolism and reduced cardiovascular disease risk. KEGG pathway analysis revealed upregulation of metabolites involved in critical metabolic pathways, enhancing the nutritional profile of eggs. Flavonoid compounds, traditionally associated with plant-based foods, were also significantly increased, with notable levels of 7, 4'-dihydroxyflavone, daidzein, and glycitein identified in WEA-treated eggs, indicating potential health benefits. These findings suggest that WEA supplementation can produce functional eggs with improved nutritional quality, offering a novel approach to enhancing egg production and meeting the growing demand for functional foods. Further research is needed to fully understand the bioavailability and health impacts of these enriched compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - PanPan Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guifeng Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; College of Veterinary, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang C, Shi Y, Shi X, Yan J, Xuan L, Zhuang L, Li J, Xu G, Zheng J. ELOVL5 and VLDLR synergistically affect n-3 PUFA deposition in eggs of different chicken breeds. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104016. [PMID: 39018654 PMCID: PMC11287006 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There was no significant difference in the composition and content of fatty acids in eggs among different breeds initially, but following the supplementation of flaxseed oil, Dwarf Layer were observed to deposit more n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in eggs. Currently, there is limited research on the mechanisms underlying the differences in egg composition among different breeds. Therefore, in this study, 150 twenty-four-wk-old hens of each breed, including the Dwarf Layer and White Leghorn, were fed either a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 2.5% flaxseed oil. After 28 d, eggs and liver samples were collected to determine fatty acid composition, and serum, liver, intestine, and follicles were collected for subsequent biochemical, intestinal morphology, and lipid metabolism-related genes expression analysis. Duodenal contents were collected for microbial analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the content and deposition efficiency of total n-3 PUFA in the liver of the 2 breeds, but the content and deposition efficiency of total n-3 PUFA in the egg of Dwarf Layer were significantly higher than those of White Leghorn after feeding flaxseed oil. Flaxseed oil and breeds did not have significant effects on cholesterol (CHO), free fatty acids (NEFA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and estrogen (E2) levels. After feeding with flaxseed oil, the villus height and the villus-to-crypt ratio in both breeds were increased and duodenal crypt depth was decreased. The villus-to-crypt ratio (4.78 vs. 3.60) in the duodenum of Dwarf Layer was significantly higher than that in White Leghorn after feeding with flaxseed oil. Flaxseed oil can impact the gut microbiota in the duodenum and reduce the microbiota associated with fatty acid breakdown, such as Romboutsia, Subdolibranulum, Lachnochlostridium, and Clostridium. This may mean that less ALA can be decomposed and more ALA can be absorbed into the body. Additionally, after feeding flaxseed oil, the mRNA levels of elongation enzymes 5 (ELOVL5), fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), and fatty acid transporter 1 (FATP1) in the liver of Dwarf Layer were significantly higher than those in White Leghorn, while the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR), carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1), Acyl CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) were significantly lower than those in White Leghorn. The mRNA level of FABP1 in the duodenum of Dwarf Layer was significantly higher than that of White Leghorn, while the mRNA level of FATP1 was significantly lower than that of White Leghorn. The protein levels of ELOVL5 in the liver of Dwarf Layer and very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) in the follicles were significantly higher than those of White Leghorn. In summary, after feeding flaxseed oil, the higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth in Dwarf Layer allows more α-linolenic acid (ALA) to be absorbed into the body. The higher mRNA expression of FADS1, ELOVL5, and FATP1, as well as the higher protein expression of ELOVL5 in the liver of Dwarf Layer enhance the conversion of ALA into DHA. The higher protein expression of VLDLR in follicles of Dwarf Layer allows more n-3 PUFA to deposit in the follicles. These combined factors contribute to the Dwarf Layer's ability to deposit higher levels of n-3 PUFA in eggs, as well as improving the deposition efficiency of n-3 PUFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanhang Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lin Xuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Longyu Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junying Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang C, Chen R, Shi X, Zhuang L, Zhou C, Zhou W, Li J, Xu G, Zheng J. Effects of Breeds on the Content of Functional Nutrition in Eggs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3066. [PMID: 37835672 PMCID: PMC10571526 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the content of functional nutrients in eggs, performance parameters, and egg quality parameters of different chicken breeds. In Trial 1, 150 41-week-old hens of each breed, including the Dwarf Layer, White Leghorn, Silky fowl, Beijing-you chicken, and Shouguang chicken, were randomly assigned to the control (CON) and 2.5% flaxseed oil (FSO) groups to compare the difference in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in eggs. The contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 PUFA in eggs were increased (p < 0.05) in the FSO groups. The ALA (4.28%), DHA (2.03%), and total n-3 PUFA (6.46%) contents in eggs of Dwarf Layer were the highest among the five breeds (p < 0.05). To further verify if other functional nutrients also have such differences, 600 24-week-old White Leghorn and Dwarf Layer were allocated to four groups: CON, FSO, 0.02% selenium-enriched yeast (SEY), and 0.20% marigold flower extract (MFE), in Trial 2. The content of functional nutrients in eggs was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after feeding these additions. After feeding FSO, the eggs of the Dwarf Layer had a higher n-3 PUFA content than the White Leghorn (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in selenium and lutein content in different breeds. Performance and egg quality were not negatively impacted by FSO, SEY, or MFE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiangxia Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (C.J.); (R.C.); (X.S.); (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.Z.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elkin RG, El-Zenary AS, Bomberger R, Haile AB, Weaver EA, Ramachandran R, Harvatine KJ. Feeding laying hens docosa hexaenoic acid-rich microalgae oil at 40 g/kg diet causes hypotriglyceridemia, depresses egg production, and attenuates expression of key genes affecting hepatic triglyceride synthesis and secretion, but is rescued by dietary co-supplementation of high-oleic sunflower oil. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102318. [PMID: 36525748 PMCID: PMC9758496 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding White Leghorn hens graded levels of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae oil (MAO) on productive performance and enrichment of eggs with very long-chain (VLC) omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Forty-nine-week-old hens (8 per diet) were fed the following diets for 28 d: 1) A corn-soybean meal-based diet with no supplemental oil (CON); 2) CON + 10 g/kg MAO; 3) CON + 20 g/kg MAO; 4) CON + 30 g/kg MAO; 5) CON + 40 g/kg MAO; 6) CON + 40 g/kg MAO + 20 g/kg high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO); and 7) CON + 40 g/kg MAO + 40 g/kg HOSO. Diets 6 and 7 were included because we previously reported that co-feeding high-oleic acid oils with n-3 PUFA-containing oils attenuated egg yolk n-3 PUFA contents vs. feeding hens the n-3 oils alone. All data were collected on an individual hen basis. Egg VLC n-3 PUFA enrichment plateaued, in terms of statistical significance, at the 30 g/kg MAO level (266 mg/yolk). Hens fed 40 g/kg MAO had greatly attenuated measures of hen performance, marked liver enlargement, an altered ovarian follicle hierarchy, greatly lowered circulating triglyceride levels, and depressed hepatic expression of key genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and secretion. As compared to hens fed 40 g/kg MAO alone, feeding hens 40 g/kg MAO co-supplemented with HOSO (Diets 6 and 7) restored egg production, ovarian morphology, and all other measures of hen productive performance to CON levels, elevated plasma triglyceride levels, prevented liver enlargement, and increased the hepatic expression of key genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and secretion. In conclusion, MAO can greatly enrich hens' eggs with VLC n-3 PUFA, but its recommended dietary inclusion should not exceed 20 g/kg. This would allow for near-maximal yolk VLC n-3 PUFA enrichment without impairing hen productive performance, altering the ovarian follicle hierarchy or, based on the work of others, presumably imparting off-flavors in the egg.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shahid MS, Zhou S, Nie W, Wang L, Lv H, Yuan J. Phytogenic Antioxidants Prolong n-3 Fatty Acid-Enriched Eggs’ Shelf Life by Activating the Nrf-2 Pathway through Phosphorylation of MAPK. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601970 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helpful for human health, omega-3 (n-3)-enriched eggs are preferred by consumers. However, antioxidants should be added to the hen’s diet to prevent n-3 fatty acid oxidation due to their unsaturated bonds. A study was designed to investigate the effects of different antioxidants on performance, egg quality, fatty acid profile, oxidation parameters, gene expression, and magnum morphology. A total of 450 hens were divided into five dietary groups. Wheat–flaxseed was used for the basic diet (control) and supplemented with vitamin E (VE), chlorogenic acid (CA), polyphenol (PF), and lutein (L). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. The eggs were collected on the 5th week and were analyzed for quality, oxidative stability, and fatty acid (FA) content, being stored for 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 28 d, 35 d, and 42 d. The results showed that supplemental VE, PF, CA, and L improved the egg weight and hen day egg production compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The VE, PF, and L groups significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) and maintained the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the egg yolk. The albumen height and Haugh unit were maintained in the egg yolk till 35 days of storage by the VE, PF, and L groups, while the CA group reduced the albumen quality after 21 d storage. The VE, PF, CA, and lutein maintained the content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), during the whole storage period. The total n-3 FA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were retained in the egg yolk till 35 and 28 days of storage, respectively, and slightly decreased after 35 and 28 days in the L groups. The total n-6 (Tn-6) FA was maintained in the yolk till 28 days of storage in the CA and PF groups, respectively. The VE, PF, and L groups upregulated the expression of Nrf-2, P38MAPK, HO-1, SOD-1, and GSH-Px as compared to the CA and control groups. The VE, PF, and L groups significantly increased the magnum primary folds and epithelium height as compared to CA and the control. Thus, it was concluded that the use of PF and L is better at preventing egg quality deterioration and lipid oxidation, maintaining more than 300 mg/egg n-3 FA during storage, by activating the Nrf-2 pathway through the phosphorylation of P38MAPK, and enhancing the phase-2 antioxidant defense enzymes, namely, SOD, GSH-Px, and HO-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaib Shahid
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- Beijing Center of Biology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zurak D, Slovenec P, Janječić Z, Bedeković XD, Pintar J, Kljak K. Overview on recent findings of nutritional and non-nutritional factors affecting egg yolk pigmentation. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2046447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Zurak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P. Slovenec
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Z. Janječić
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - X, D. Bedeković
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Pintar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - K. Kljak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of Supplementation of Microalgae ( Aurantiochytrium sp.) to Laying Hen Diets on Fatty Acid Content, Health Lipid Indices, Oxidative Stability, and Quality Attributes of Meat. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091271. [PMID: 32927865 PMCID: PMC7555786 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study is conducted to investigate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae (MA, Aurantiochytrium sp.) on health lipid indices, stability, and quality properties of meat from laying hens. A total of 450 healthy 50-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly allotted to 5 groups (6 replicates of 15 birds each), which received diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% MA for 15 weeks. Fatty acid contents and quality properties of breast and thigh muscles from two randomly selected birds per replicate (n = 12) were measured. The oxidative stability of fresh, refrigerated, frozen, and cooked meat was also determined. Results indicated that supplemental MA produced dose-dependent enrichments of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), predominantly DHA, in breast and thigh muscles, with more health-promoting n-6/n-3 ratios (1.87-5.27) and favorable lipid health indices (p < 0.05). MA supplementation did not affect tenderness (shear force) and color (L*, a*, and b* values) of hen meat nor muscle endogenous antioxidant enzymes and fresh meat oxidation (p > 0.05). However, the n-3 LC-PUFA deposition slightly increased lipid oxidation in cooked and stored (4 °C) meat (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MA supplementation improves the nutritional quality of hen meat in terms of lipid profile without compromising meat quality attributes. Appropriate antioxidants are required to mitigate oxidation when such DHA-enriched meat is subjected to cooking and storage.
Collapse
|