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Liu M, Xia ZY, Li HL, Huang YX, Refaie A, Deng ZC, Sun LH. Estimation of Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Layer Chicks Depending on Dynamic Model. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:764. [PMID: 38473150 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Four trials were conducted to establish a protein and amino acid requirement model for layer chicks over 0-6 weeks by using the analytical factorization method. In trial 1, a total of 90 one-day-old Jing Tint 6 chicks with similar body weight were selected to determine the growth curve, carcass and feather protein deposition, and amino acid patterns of carcass and feather proteins. In trials 2 and 3, 24 seven-day-old and 24 thirty-five-day-old Jing Tint 6 chicks were selected to determine the protein maintenance requirements, amino acid pattern, and net protein utilization rate. In trial 4, 24 ten-day-old and 24 thirty-eight-day-old Jing Tint 6 chicks were selected to determine the standard terminal ileal digestibility of amino acids. The chicks were fed either a corn-soybean basal diet, a low nitrogen diet, or a nitrogen-free diet throughout the different trials. The Gompertz equation showed that there is a functional relationship between body weight and age, described as BWt(g) = 2669.317 × exp(-4.337 × exp(-0.019t)). Integration of the test results gave a comprehensive dynamic model equation that could accurately calculate the weekly protein and amino acid requirements of the layer chicks. By applying the model, it was found that the protein requirements for Jing Tint 6 chicks during the 6-week period were 21.15, 20.54, 18.26, 18.77, 17.79, and 16.51, respectively. The model-predicted amino acid requirements for Jing Tint 6 chicks during the 6-week period were as follows: Aspartic acid (0.992-1.284), Threonine (0.601-0.750), Serine (0.984-1.542), Glutamic acid (1.661-1.925), Glycine (0.992-1.227), Alanine (0.909-0.961), Valine (0.773-1.121), Cystine (0.843-1.347), Methionine (0.210-0.267), Isoleucine (0.590-0.715), Leucine (0.977-1.208), Tyrosine (0.362-0.504), Phenylalanine (0.584-0.786), Histidine (0.169-0.250), Lysine (0.3999-0.500), Arginine (0.824-1.147), Proline (1.114-1.684), and Tryptophan (0.063-0.098). In conclusion, this study constructed a dynamic model for the protein and amino acid requirements of Jing Tint 6 chicks during the brooding period, providing an important insight to improve precise feeding for layer chicks through this dynamic model calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Alainaa Refaie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhang-Chao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Lu K, Gong H, Yang D, Ye M, Fang Q, Zhang XY, Wu R. Genome-Wide Network Analysis of Above- and Below-Ground Co-growth in Populus euphratica. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0131. [PMID: 38188223 PMCID: PMC10769449 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tree growth is the consequence of developmental interactions between above- and below-ground compartments. However, a comprehensive view of the genetic architecture of growth as a cohesive whole is poorly understood. We propose a systems biology approach for mapping growth trajectories in genome-wide association studies viewing growth as a complex (phenotypic) system in which above- and below-ground components (or traits) interact with each other to mediate systems behavior. We further assume that trait-trait interactions are controlled by a genetic system composed of many different interactive genes and integrate the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model to dissect phenotypic and genetic systems into pleiotropic and epistatic interaction components by which the detailed genetic mechanism of above- and below-ground co-growth can be charted. We apply the approach to analyze linkage mapping data of Populus euphratica, which is the only tree species that can grow in the desert, and characterize several loci that govern how above- and below-ground growth is cooperated or competed over development. We reconstruct multilayer and multiplex genetic interactome networks for the developmental trajectories of each trait and their developmental covariation. Many significant loci and epistatic effects detected can be annotated to candidate genes for growth and developmental processes. The results from our model may potentially be useful for marker-assisted selection and genetic editing in applied tree breeding programs. The model provides a general tool to characterize a complete picture of pleiotropic and epistatic genetic architecture in growth traits in forest trees and any other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Lu
- College of Science,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Gong
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Dengcheng Yang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qing Fang
- Faculty of Science,
Yamagata University, Yamagata 990, Japan
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Science,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Rongling Wu
- Yanqi Lake BeijingInstitute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Beijing 101408, China
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Leishman EM, You J, Ferreira NT, Adams SM, Tulpan D, Zuidhof MJ, Gous RM, Jacobs M, Ellis JL. Review: When worlds collide - poultry modeling in the 'Big Data' era. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 5:100874. [PMID: 37394324 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Within poultry production systems, models have provided vital decision support, opportunity analysis, and performance optimization capabilities to nutritionists and producers for decades. In recent years, due to the advancement of digital and sensor technologies, 'Big Data' streams have emerged, optimally positioned to be analyzed by machine-learning (ML) modeling approaches, with strengths in forecasting and prediction. This review explores the evolution of empirical and mechanistic models in poultry production systems, and how these models may interact with new digital tools and technologies. This review will also examine the emergence of ML and Big Data in the poultry production sector, and the emergence of precision feeding and automation of poultry production systems. There are several promising directions for the field, including: (1) application of Big Data analytics (e.g., sensor-based technologies, precision feeding systems) and ML methodologies (e.g., unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms) to feed more precisely to production targets given a 'known' individual animal, and (2) combination and hybridization of data-driven and mechanistic modeling approaches to bridge decision support with improved forecasting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Leishman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J You
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - N T Ferreira
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Puslinch, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Adams
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Tulpan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R M Gous
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - M Jacobs
- FR Analytics B.V., 7642 AP Wierden, The Netherlands
| | - J L Ellis
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Júnior RNCC, de Araújo CV, de Menezes FL, de Araújo SI, Pavan NL, Rocha-Silva M, da Silva WC, Felipe Marques JR, Maciel e Silva AG, de Menezes Chalkidis H, Júnior JDBL. Growth curve mixed nonlinear models in quails. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287056. [PMID: 37294791 PMCID: PMC10256147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the use and application of different nonlinear mixed models, as well as to compare them with approach in nonlinear fixed models, for describing the growth curve of meat-type quails according to gender. A total of 15,002 and 15,408 records of males and females were used, respectively. The body weights were regressed on age of the animals using nonlinear models (Brody; Gompertz; Logistic, Morgan-Mercer-Flodin, Richards and Von Bertalanffy). All model parameters were considered fixed, whereas parameters related to asymptotic weight and maturity rate were fitted as random effects. The Bayesian Information Criterion was used to find the model of best fit. For both genders, the model that used the Morgan-Mercer-Flodin function with the inclusion of asymptotic weight as a random effect was considered the best-fitting model because it reduced the residual variance and increased the accuracy. Based on the lower absolute growth rate and growth velocity of male quails compared to that of females, it can be inferred that males should be slaughtered later. Given the results of this study, it can contribute to the current knowledge about animal yield, specifically at the best moment to slaughter and, this sense, improv the quality genetic of the populations in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Nonato Colares Camargo Júnior
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | | | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil
| | | | - José de Brito Lourenço Júnior
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Federal University of Para (UFPA), UFRA, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Castanhal, PA, Brazil
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van der Klein SAS, Willems OW, Zuidhof MJ. Multiphasic mixed growth models for turkeys. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad094. [PMID: 37119008 PMCID: PMC10158525 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth models are important for optimization of feed formulation and breeding programs in turkeys. The objectives of this study were 1) to compare sex and line differences in turkeys in parameter estimates of mono- and di-phasic Gompertz growth models, and 2) to evaluate mono and diphasic mixed Gompertz growth models to determine the variation in parameter estimates in a group of female line turkey toms. A total of 1,056 manually recorded weekly average body weight (BW) observations from male and female turkeys of a male and female line from weeks 1 to 20 were used for objective 1. Daily median values of automatically collected individual BW of female line turkey toms were used for objective 2 and random components associated with individual subject animals related to mature weight and/or timing of maximum gain during each phase were introduced in the Gompertz model. Growth curve shapes were different between male line toms, male line hens, female line toms, and female line hens (P < 0.001). However, inflection points were similar between male and female line toms and between male and female line hens (14.06 vs. 13.72 wk and 11.22 and 10.71 wk, respectively), while mature BW differed between lines by 6.49 and 3.81 kg for toms and hens, respectively. The normalized growth rate constant (growth rate constant corrected for mature weight) was around the same magnitude between male and female line toms (0.0031 vs. 0.0038, respectively), but slightly lower in male line hens compared to female line hens (0.0072 vs. 0.0091, respectively). Diphasic Gompertz models described growth better in all line × sex combinations compared to the monophasic models (P < 0.001) and mixed diphasic Gompertz models showed improved fit over mixed monophasic Gompertz models. The correlation structure of the random components identified that individuals with a higher mature weight had a later inflection point and lower growth rate coefficients. These results provide tools for improved breeding practices and a structure to evaluate the effects of dietary or environmental factors on growth trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin J Zuidhof
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2P5
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Lu K, Wang X, Gong H, Yang D, Ye M, Fang Q, Zhang XY, Wu R. The genetic architecture of trait covariation in Populus euphratica, a desert tree. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1149879. [PMID: 37089657 PMCID: PMC10113509 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1149879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The cooperative strategy of phenotypic traits during the growth of plants reflects how plants allocate photosynthesis products, which is the most favorable decision for them to optimize growth, survival, and reproduction response to changing environment. Up to now, we still know little about why plants make such decision from the perspective of biological genetic mechanisms. Methods In this study, we construct an analytical mapping framework to explore the genetic mechanism regulating the interaction of two complex traits. The framework describes the dynamic growth of two traits and their interaction as Differential Interaction Regulatory Equations (DIRE), then DIRE is embedded into QTL mapping model to identify the key quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that regulate this interaction and clarify the genetic effect, genetic contribution and genetic network structure of these key QTLs. Computer simulation experiment proves the reliability and practicability of our framework. Results In order to verify that our framework is universal and flexible, we applied it to two sets of data from Populus euphratica, namely, aboveground stem length - underground taproot length, underground root number - underground root length, which represent relationships of phenotypic traits in two spatial dimensions of plant architecture. The analytical result shows that our model is well applicable to datasets of two dimensions. Discussion Our model helps to better illustrate the cooperation-competition patterns between phenotypic traits, and understand the decisions that plants make in a specific environment that are most conducive to their growth from the genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Lu
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueshun Wang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Gong
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengcheng Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Zhang, ; Rongling Wu,
| | - Rongling Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Center for Computational Biology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Yau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Zhang, ; Rongling Wu,
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KÜÇÜKTOPCU E, CEMEK B. Comparative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence and Nonlinear Models for Broiler Growth Curve. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.990297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gong H, Zhang XY, Zhu S, Jiang L, Zhu X, Fang Q, Wu R. Genetic Architecture of Multiphasic Growth Covariation as Revealed by a Nonlinear Mixed Mapping Framework. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:711219. [PMID: 34675947 PMCID: PMC8524055 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.711219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Trait covariation during multiphasic growth is of crucial significance to optimal survival and reproduction during the entire life cycle. However, current analyses are mainly focused on the study of individual traits, but exploring how genes determine trait interdependence spanning multiphasic growth processes remains challenging. In this study, we constructed a nonlinear mixed mapping framework to explore the genetic mechanisms that regulate multiphasic growth changes between two complex traits and used this framework to study stem diameter and stem height in forest trees. The multiphasic nonlinear mixed mapping framework was implemented in system mapping, by which several key quantitative trait loci were found to interpret the process and pattern of stem wood growth by regulating the ecological interactions of stem apical and lateral growth. We quantified the timing and pattern of the vegetative phase transition between independently regulated, temporally coordinated processes. Furthermore, we visualized the genetic machinery of significant loci, including genetic effects, genetic contribution analysis, and the regulatory relationship between these markers in the network structure. We validated the utility of the new mapping framework experimentally via computer simulations. The results may improve our understanding of the evolution of development in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Gong
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yu Zhang
| | - Sheng Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuli Zhu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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