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Azzam MM, Al-Abdullatif A, Akasha M, Alhotan R, Suliman G, Lahaye L, Santin E. Effects of protected complex of bio-factors and antioxidants on growth performance, serum biochemistry, meat quality, and intestinal antioxidant and immunomodulatory-related gene expressions of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102666. [PMID: 37080007 PMCID: PMC10127134 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 8 replicates per treatment, and 4 birds per replicate. The control group was fed a basal control diet, and the 2 test groups were fed the basal control diet supplemented with 150 and 300 mg/kg of protected complex of biofactors and antioxidants [P(BF+AOX)], respectively. The P(BF+AOx) is a combination of vitamins, L-tryptophan and biofactors such as fermentation extracts (Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada). Dietary P(BF+AOX) did not affect growth performance and breast meat quality (water holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force, and texture profile analysis), but the addition of 150 mg/kg of P(BF+AOX) decreased the relative weight of liver, heart, and spleen (P < 0.05). The addition of 150 mg/kg of P(BF+AOX) tended to increase (P = 0.051) the cold carcass yield. The addition of 150 and 300 mg/kg of P(BF+AOX) decreased (P = 0.002) the cooler carcass shrink, but the relative weight of fat pad increased (P = 0.032) in chickens fed 300 mg/kg P(BF+AOx) than in those of birds fed the control diet. On the other hand, the addition of 300 mg/kg of P(BF+AOX) decreased (P = 0.041) the serum level of uric acid compared with those of birds fed the basal diet. Broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with 150 mg/kg of diet had higher (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions of jejunal SOD1 and interleukins 6 and 10 (IL-6, IL-10). The findings suggest that P(BF+AOX) could be considered as a functional nutrient in broiler diets up to a concentration of 150 mg/kg because of its favorable effects on maintaining intestinal barrier function as well as carcass traits, while excess levels (300 mg/kg) had exhibited superior effect on the serum level of uric acid compared with those of birds fed the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mostafa Azzam
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Abdullatif
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musab Akasha
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alhotan
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamaleldin Suliman
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ludovic Lahaye
- Research and Development, Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Santin
- Research and Development, Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Addition of a protected complex of biofactors and antioxidants to breeder hen diets confers transgenerational protection against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in progeny chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102531. [PMID: 36805406 PMCID: PMC9958073 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Addition of vitamins and antioxidants has been long associated with increased immunity and are commonly used in the poultry industry; however, less is known regarding their use in broiler breeder hens. The objective of this study was to determine if feeding a complex of protected biofactors and antioxidants composed of vitamins and fermentation extracts to broiler breeder hens conferred resistance against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in the progeny chicks. Three-day-old chicks from control- and supplement-fed hens were challenged with S. Enteritidis and necropsied 4- and 11-days postchallenge (dpc) to determine if there were differences in invasion and colonization. Serum and jejunum were evaluated for various cytokine and chemokine production. Fewer (P = 0.002) chicks from supplement-fed hens had detectable S. Enteritidis in the ceca (32.6%) compared to chicks from control-fed hens (64%). By 11 dpc, significantly (P < 0.001) fewer chicks from supplement-fed hens were positive for S. Enteritidis (liver [36%]; ceca [16%]) compared to chicks from the control hens (liver [76%]; ceca [76%]). The recoverable S. Enteritidis in the cecal content was also lower (P = 0.01) at 11 dpc. In additional to the differences in invasion and colonization, cytokine and chemokine production were distinct between the 2 groups of chicks. Chicks from supplement-fed hens had increased production of IL-16, IL-6, MIP-3α, and RANTES in the jejunum while IL-16 and MIP-1β were higher in the serum of chicks from the control-fed hens. By 11 dpc, production of IFN-γ was decreased in the jejunum of chicks from supplement-fed hens. Collectively, these data demonstrate adding a protected complex of biofactors and antioxidants to the diet of broiler breeder hens offers a measure of transgenerational protection to the progeny against S. Enteritidis infection and reduces colonization that is mediated, in part, by a robust and distinct cytokine and chemokine response locally at the intestine and systemically in the blood.
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Elsasser TH. Immunometabolic considerations with regard to the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus. Anim Front 2022; 12:8-10. [PMID: 36268177 PMCID: PMC9564995 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Perry F, Lahaye L, Santin E, Johnson C, Korver D, Kogut M, Arsenault R. Protected Biofactors and Antioxidants Reduce the Negative Consequences of Virus and Cold Challenge while Enhancing Performance by Modulating Immunometabolism through Cytoskeletal and Immune Signaling in the Jejunum. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102172. [PMID: 36240637 PMCID: PMC9573920 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Swaggerty CL, Byrd JA, Arsenault RJ, Perry F, Johnson CN, Genovese KJ, He H, Kogut MH, Piva A, Grilli E. A blend of microencapsulated organic acids and botanicals reduces necrotic enteritis via specific signaling pathways in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101753. [PMID: 35240358 PMCID: PMC8892003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a devastating disease that has seen a resurgence of cases following the removal of antibiotics from feed resulting in financial loss and significant animal health concerns across the poultry industry. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a microencapsulated blend of organic (25% citric and 16.7% sorbic) acids and botanicals (1.7% thymol and 1% vanillin [AviPlusP]) to reduce clinical NE and determine the signaling pathways associated with any changes. Day-of-hatch by-product broiler breeder chicks were randomly assigned to a control (0) or supplemented (500 g/MT) diet (n = 23-26) and evaluated in a NE challenge model (n = 3). Birds were administered 2X cocci vaccine on d 14 and challenged with a cocktail of Clostridium perfringens strains (107) on d 17 to 19. On d 20 to 21 birds were weighed, euthanized, and scored for NE lesions. Jejunal tissue was collected for kinome analysis using an immuno-metabolism peptide array (n = 5; 15/treatment) to compare tissue from supplement-fed birds to controls. Mortality and weight were analyzed using Student's t test and lesion scores analyzed using F-test two-sample for variances (P < 0.05). The kinome data was analyzed using PIIKA2 peptide array analysis software and fold-change between control and treated groups determined. Mortality in the supplemented group was 47.4% and 70.7% in controls (P = 0.004). Lesions scores were lower (P = 0.006) in supplemented birds (2.47) compared to controls (3.3). Supplement-fed birds tended (P = 0.19) to be heavier (848.6 g) than controls (796.2 g). Kinome analysis showed T cell receptor, TNF and NF-kB signaling pathways contributed to the improvements seen in the supplement-fed birds. The following peptides were significant (P < 0.05) in all 3 pathways: CHUK, MAP3K14, MAP3K7, and NFKB1 indicating their importance. Additionally, there were changes to IL6, IL10, and IFN- γ mRNA expression in tissue between control- and supplement-fed chickens. In conclusion, the addition of a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals to a broiler diet reduced the clinical signs of NE that was mediated by specific immune-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Swaggerty
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - J Allen Byrd
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Ryan J Arsenault
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Famatta Perry
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Casey N Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kenneth J Genovese
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Haiqi He
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Michael H Kogut
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Andrea Piva
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; Vetagro S.p.A., Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy; Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
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