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Rashid F, Xie Z, Wei Y, Xie Z, Xie L, Li M, Luo S. Biological features of fowl adenovirus serotype-4. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370414. [PMID: 38915924 PMCID: PMC11194357 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is highly pathogenic to broilers aged 3 to 5 weeks and has caused considerable economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. FAdV-4 is the causative agent of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) or hydropericardium syndrome (HPS). The virus targets mainly the liver, and HPS symptoms are observed in infected chickens. This disease was first reported in Pakistan but has now spread worldwide, and over time, various deletions in the FAdV genome and mutations in its major structural proteins have been detected. This review provides detailed information about FAdV-4 genome organization, physiological features, epidemiology, coinfection with other viruses, and host immune suppression. Moreover, we investigated the role and functions of important structural proteins in FAdV-4 pathogenesis. Finally, the potential regulatory effects of FAdV-4 infection on ncRNAs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Rashid
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixun Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - You Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiqin Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Liji Xie
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
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Gao S, Li R, Zhang X, Wang Z. Identification of ORF1B as a unique nonstructural protein for fowl adenovirus serotype 4. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106508. [PMID: 38141742 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), the causative agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), is a double-stranded DNA virus. Although many structural proteins have been deeply studied, the coding potential of some other open reading frames (ORFs) and the biological functions of their products during virus infection have not been fully elucidated. Here, a unique nonstructural protein ORF1B of FAdV-4 was identified and its expression kinetics along infection was analyzed. Except that of FAdV-10, a member of the same genus as FAdV-4, FAdV-4 ORF1B shared as low homologous identity as 29.2% in amino acid sequence with the other ten counterparts. Structurally, ORF1B was mapped on the N-terminal region of the genome between 1485 nt to 1808 nt and predicted to only contain two α-helix. Confocal immunofluorescence assay with homemade rabbit polyclonal antibody demonstrated that ORF1B could be simultaneously observed with structural protein Fiber 1 in FAdV-4-infected cells. Western blot further showed that ORF1B could only be detected in the infected cells but not mature virions, suggesting ORF1B was a nonstructural protein. Subsequently, the expression level of ORF1B detected by qRT-PCR and IFA was gradually decreased along with FAdV-4 infection, suggesting ORF1B was an early gene transcript. These results will lay a solid foundation to further study the biological effect of ORF1B on the replication and pathogenicity of FAdV-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ruixue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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Hou J, Xu J, Wang B, Zhang H, Yin B, Li G, Lei F, Cai X, Zhu Y, Wang L. First identification of canine adenovirus 1 in mink and bioinformatics analysis of its 100 K protein. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1245581. [PMID: 37664114 PMCID: PMC10469754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1245581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Animal trade favors the spreading of emerging canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) in mink. Because the 100K protein is not exposed to the viral surface at any stage, it can be used to differentiate the vaccine from wild virus infection. However, no related research has been conducted. This study aimed to find evidence of CAdV-1 in mink and predict the character of the 100K protein in the current circulating CAdV-1 strain of mink. Method In this experiment, the identification of CAdV-1, the phylogenetic tree, homology, and bioinformatics analysis of 100K were conducted. Results The results showed that the CAdV-1 was identified in the mink and that its Fiber was located in a separate branch. It was closely related to strains isolated from Norwegian Arctic fox and Red fox. 100K was located in a separate branch, which had the closest genetic relationship with skunks, porcupines, raccoons, and hedgehogs and a far genetic relationship with the strains in dogs. 100K protein is an unstable and hydrophobic protein. It had evidence of selective pressure and recombination, 1 glycosylation site, 48 phosphorylation sites, 60 dominant B cell epitopes, and 9 peptides of MHC-I and MHC-II. Its subcellular localization was mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The binding sites of 100K proteins were DBP proteins and 33K proteins. Discussion The stains in the mink were different from fox. The exploration of its genomic characteristics will provide us with a deeper understanding of the prevention of canine adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Baishuang Yin
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Goujiang Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Fashou Lei
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Huzhu County of Qinghai Province, Haidong, China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Huzhu County of Qinghai Province, Haidong, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Longtao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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