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Gu X, Xu G, Liang C, Mektrirat R, Wang L, Zhang K, Meng B, Tang X, Wang X, Egide H, Liu J, Chen H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Wang X, Li J. Optimization of Fermentation Process of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seeds and Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Protein Extract in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:4004. [PMID: 39766947 PMCID: PMC11726766 DOI: 10.3390/foods13244004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds, a high-quality vegetable protein source, encounter application limitations due to their high molecular weight and anti-nutritional factors. This study focused on optimizing the fermentation process by investigating key parameters such as inoculation amount, inoculation ratio, material-to-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, and fermentation time. Both single-factor experiments and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal conditions. The effects of fermentation on particle size, surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy), water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, solubility, and emulsification properties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed protein were analyzed. In addition, acute toxicity was investigated at doses of 1.5 g/kg, 3 g/kg, 6 g/kg, and 12 g/kg. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were an inoculum concentration of 10%, a ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Lactobacillus plantarum of 1:1, a material-to-liquid ratio of 0.8:1, a temperature of 35 °C, and a fermentation period of 4 days. Under these optimized conditions, the soluble protein content reached 153.1 mg/g. After fermentation, the functional properties of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed protein improved significantly: the water holding capacity increased by 89%, the oil holding capacity by 68%, while the emulsifying activity and stability indices improved by 6% and 17%, respectively. The macromolecular proteins in the seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum were effectively broken down into smaller fragments during fermentation, resulting in a more folded and porous surface structure. In acute toxicity tests, all mice treated with fermented Zanthoxum seed protein survived for more than 7 days after injection, and there were no significant differences in body weight, organ index, and hematological tests between groups, but FZBSP of 1.5 g/kg~12 g/kg caused varying degrees of steatosis and inflammatory damage in the heart and liver. In conclusion, this study confirms that follow-up pilot studies using 1.5 g/kg FZBSP have the potential for further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Gu
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Guowei Xu
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Chunhua Liang
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Lei Wang
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Kang Zhang
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Bingbing Meng
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xi Tang
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Hanyurwumutima Egide
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Haiyu Chen
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research lnstitute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Chinese-Thai Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Techniques Cooperation Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (X.G.); (G.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (K.Z.); (B.M.); (X.T.); (X.W.); (H.E.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (J.L.)
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Ashayerizadeh A, Jazi V, Sharifi F, Toghyani M, Mohebodini H, Kim IH, Roura E. Fermented but Not Irradiated Cottonseed Meal Has the Potential to Partially Substitute Soybean Meal in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2797. [PMID: 39409746 PMCID: PMC11475882 DOI: 10.3390/ani14192797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate and compare the effects of substituting soybean meal (SBM) with untreated cottonseed meal (CSM), fermented CSM (FCSM), or electron beam-irradiated CSM (ICSM) on the growth performance, cecal microbiota, digestive enzyme activity, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), and excreta gas emission of broiler chickens. A total of 384 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four experimental diets, with eight replicates per diet and 12 birds per replicate, for six weeks. The experimental diets consisted of a control diet based on corn-SBM and three other diets in which 50% of the SBM (control) was substituted with CSM in its raw, irradiated, and fermented forms. The results showed that throughout the entire rearing period, feeding broiler chickens with ICSM significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) compared to the CSM diet (p < 0.05). Replacing 50% of SBM with FCSM led to a significant improvement in BW, ADG, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the CSM and ICSM diets (p < 0.05). Interestingly, no significant differences in BW, ADG, or FCR were observed between birds fed FCSM and those on the control diet (p > 0.05). Birds fed FCSM diets exhibited the lowest pH value in the crop, ileum, and ceca. Substituting SBM with FCSM significantly reduced Escherichia coli and Clostridium spp. counts in the ceca, while enhancing the presence of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.05). The AID of protein and ether extract was higher in the FCSM group than in the CSM and ICSM groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the CSM diet, ICSM feeding improved protein digestibility (p < 0.05). Broiler chickens on the FCSM diet exhibited higher intestinal amylase and protease activity than those on the other diets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, feeding diets containing FCSM significantly reduced ammonia emissions compared to the other diets (p < 0.05). Overall, our results indicated that microbial fermentation of CSM is a more effective approach than irradiation for enhancing the nutritional value of CSM. Therefore, FCSM is recommended as a viable alternative protein source that can safely replace up to 50% of SBM in broiler chicken diets, particularly during times of fluctuating SBM prices and availability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
| | - Vahid Jazi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Central Queensland Innovation and Research Precinct (CQIRP), Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia;
| | - Majid Toghyani
- Department of Animal Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 81551-39999, Iran;
| | - Hossein Mohebodini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran;
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Choongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugeni Roura
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
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Zou C, Xing X, Li S, Zheng X, Zhao J, Liu H. Effects of a Combined Chinese Herbal Medicine on Growth Performance, Intestinal Barrier Function, Immune Response, and Cecal Microflora in Broilers Infected with Salmonella enteritidis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2670. [PMID: 39335258 PMCID: PMC11429040 DOI: 10.3390/ani14182670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of CCHM in drinking water on broilers infected with Salmonella enteritidis. One-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (n = 300) were randomly assigned to five groups: a control (NC) group, a Salmonella enteritidis challenge (SE) group, an antibiotic (AB) group, a low dose of CCHM (CL) group, and a high dose of CCHM (CH) group. Each group had six replicate cages with ten broilers per cage. The broilers in the NC and SE groups were given normal drinking water. From days 12 to 18, the AB group received water treated with ciprofloxacin lactate injection (1 mL/L), while the CL and CH groups received water containing CCHM at doses of 5 mL/L and 10 mL/L, respectively. Broilers in all groups except the NC group were orally given Salmonella enteritidis daily from days 9 to 11. The experimental period was 28 days. The results showed that, compared with the SE group, the CL and CH groups showed improved growth performance; increased immune organ indices, expressions of ileal occludin and ZO-1 proteins, jejunal and ileal villus heights (except at day 19), and cecal Lactobacillus counts on days 19 and 28 (p < 0.05); and decreased jejunal and ileal lesion scores, ileal interleukin 1β (IL-1β) (except at day 19), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (except at day 19), secretory immunoglobulin A (slgA) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (except at day 19) levels, serum D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase (DAO) (except at day 19) contents, jejunal and ileal crypt depths (except at day 19), and cecal Salmonella and Escherichia coli counts on days 19 and 28 (p < 0.05). On day 28, except for the levels of ileal interleukin 10 (IL-10), TNF-α, slgA, and serum D-lactic acid content, there were no differences among the NC, AB, and CL groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, drinking water supplemented with CCHM alleviated the intestinal damage caused by Salmonella enteritidis infection and improved growth performance and cecal microbiota in broilers. The optimal addition rate of CCHM was 5 mL/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhi Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Z.); (X.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xin Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Z.); (X.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shunxi Li
- Guangrao County Livestock Development Service Center, Dongying 257000, China;
| | - Xuelong Zheng
- Pingdu Yunshan Animal Health and Product Quality Supervision Station, Qingdao 266700, China;
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Z.); (X.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Huawei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (C.Z.); (X.X.); (J.Z.)
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Mozuriene E, Mockus E, Klupsaite D, Starkute V, Tolpeznikaite E, Gruzauskas V, Gruzauskas R, Paulauskaite-Taraseviciene A, Raudonis V, Bartkiene E. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Droppings as Sensitive Markers of Chicken Health Status. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1389. [PMID: 38731394 PMCID: PMC11083088 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of chicken droppings (n = 73), which were collected during different age periods and classified by visual inspection into normal (N) and abnormal (A). Significant differences were found in the texture, pH, dry matter (DM), fatty acids (FAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and volatile compounds (VCs) between the tested dropping groups (p ≤ 0.05). The age period of the chicken had a significant influence on the color coordinates, texture, pH, DM, and SCFA contents in N and A as well as on all FAs content in N (p ≤ 0.05). Droppings from the N group had a harder texture, lower values of a* and b* color coordinates, higher DM content, higher level of linoleic FA, and lower level of α-linolenic FA than the droppings from the A group in each age period (p ≤ 0.05). The predominant SCFA was acetic acid, the content of which was significantly lower in the N group compared to that of the A group. The alcohol and organic acid contents were the highest in most of the A group at different age periods, while ketones dominated in the N and A groups. In conclusion, the majority of the tested dropping characteristics were influenced by the age period. While certain characteristics demonstrate differences between N and A, a likely broader range of droppings is required to provide more distinct trends regarding the distribution of characteristics across different droppings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Mozuriene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (E.M.); (D.K.); (V.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (E.M.); (D.K.); (V.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (E.M.); (D.K.); (V.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (E.M.); (D.K.); (V.S.); (E.T.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernesta Tolpeznikaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (E.M.); (D.K.); (V.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Valentas Gruzauskas
- Artificial Intelligence Centre, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.-T.); (V.R.)
| | - Romas Gruzauskas
- Artificial Intelligence Centre, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.-T.); (V.R.)
| | - Agne Paulauskaite-Taraseviciene
- Artificial Intelligence Centre, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.-T.); (V.R.)
| | - Vidas Raudonis
- Artificial Intelligence Centre, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.G.); (R.G.); (A.P.-T.); (V.R.)
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.M.); (E.M.); (D.K.); (V.S.); (E.T.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Saeed M, Yan M, Ni Z, Hussain N, Chen H. Molecular strategies to enhance the keratinase gene expression and its potential implications in poultry feed industry. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103606. [PMID: 38479096 PMCID: PMC10951097 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The tons of keratin waste are produced by the poultry and meat industry which is an insoluble and protein-rich material found in hair, feathers, wool, and some epidermal wastes. These waste products could be degraded and recycled to recover protein, which can save our environment. One of the potential strategy to achieve this target is use of microbial biotreatment which is more convenient, cost-effective, and environment-friendly by formulating hydrolysate complexes that could be administered as protein supplements, bioactive peptides, or animal feed ingredients. Keratin degradation shows great promise for long-term protein and amino acid recycling. According to the MEROPS database, known keratinolytic enzymes currently belong to at least 14 different protease families, including S1, S8, S9, S10, S16, M3, M4, M14, M16, M28, M32, M36, M38, and M55. In addition to exogenous attack (proteases from families S9, S10, M14, M28, M38, and M55), the various keratinolytic enzymes also function via endo-attack (proteases from families S1, S8, S16, M4, M16, and M36). Biotechnological methods have shown great promise for enhancing keratinase expression in different strains of microbes and different protein engineering techniques in genetically modified microbes such as bacteria and some fungi to enhance keratinase production and activity. Some microbes produce specific keratinolytic enzymes that can effectively degrade keratin substrates. Keratinases have been successfully used in the leather, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the production and efficiency of existing enzymes need to be optimized before they can be used more widely in other processes, such as the cost-effective pretreatment of chicken waste. These can be improved more effectively by using various biotechnological applications which could serve as the best and novel approach for recycling and degrading biomass. This paper provides practical insights about molecular strategies to enhance keratinase expression to effectively utilize various poultry wastes like feathers and feed ingredients like soybean pulp. Furthermore, it describes the future implications of engineered keratinases for environment friendly utilization of wastes and crop byproducts for their better use in the poultry feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mingchen Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhong Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Nazar Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Sugiharto S, Zulpa Y, Agusetyaningsih I, Widiastuti E, Wahyuni HI, Yudiarti T, Sartono TA. Physiological responses and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens treated with encapsulated Acalypha australis L. leaf extract and chitosan. Vet World 2024; 17:994-1000. [PMID: 38911072 PMCID: PMC11188897 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.994-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The ban on antibiotic growth promoters adversely affects the physiological condition and health of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of encapsulated Acalypha australis L. leaf extract, chitosan, or a combination of both on the physiological and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods A total of 280 Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four groups: Basal feed without additives (CNTL), basal feed with 0.01% encapsulated A. australis leaf extract (EALE), 0.01% chitosan (CHIT), and 0.01% EALE and 0.01% chitosan (EACH). Sample collection and data measurement were conducted on day 36. Results There was a tendency (p = 0.08) for EACH bird to have a higher body weight than the other groups. Feed consumption was higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in EALE and CHIT. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE, CHIT, and EACH than in CNTL. Erythrocyte numbers were lower (p < 0.05) in EALE than in CNTL and EACH. Hematocrit was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE and CHIT groups than in the other two groups. There was a tendency (p = 0.09) for heterophils to be higher in EACH than in CNTL. Thrombocyte counts were lower (p < 0.05) in EACH group than in the other groups. Serum globulin levels were higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in CNTL and CHIT. The albumin-to-globulin ratio was higher (p < 0.05) in CNTL than in EALE and EACH. Coliform bacteria tended to be lower (p = 0.05) in the cecum of EACH broilers than that of other broilers. Similarly, the ratio of Lactic acid bacteria to coliforms tended to be higher (p = 0.08) in the cecum of EACH group than that in the other groups. Treatments did not influence the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens (p > 0.05). Conclusion A combination of EALE and chitosan as feed additives enhanced the final body weight and feed efficiency (FCR) of broilers. These additives also increased the levels of heterophils, serum globulin, the ratio of LAB to coliforms, and reduced thrombocytes, albumin-to-globulin ratio, and cecal coliform bacteria. Hence, EALE and chitosan blend improved the growth performance, immune status, and intestinal health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiharto Sugiharto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Zulpa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Ikania Agusetyaningsih
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Endang Widiastuti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Hanny Indrat Wahyuni
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Turrini Yudiarti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Tri Agus Sartono
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
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Zhu La ALT, Wen Q, Xiao Y, Hu D, Liu D, Guo Y, Hu Y. A New Bacillus velezensis Strain CML532 Improves Chicken Growth Performance and Reduces Intestinal Clostridium perfringens Colonization. Microorganisms 2024; 12:771. [PMID: 38674715 PMCID: PMC11051962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis has gained increasing recognition as a probiotic for improving animal growth performance and gut health. We identified six B. velezensis strains from sixty Bacillus isolates that were isolated from the cecal samples of fifteen different chicken breeds. We characterized the probiotic properties of these six B. velezensis strains. The effect of a selected strain (B. velezensis CML532) on chicken growth performance under normal feeding and Clostridium perfringens challenge conditions was also evaluated. The results revealed that the six B. velezensis strains differed in their probiotic properties, with strain CML532 exhibiting the highest bile salt and acid tolerance and high-yield enzyme and antibacterial activities. Genomic analyses showed that genes related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as genes related to starch and cellulose hydrolysis, were abundant in strain CML532. Dietary supplementation with strain CML532 promoted chicken growth, improved the gut barrier and absorption function, and modulated the gut microbiota. Under the C. perfringens challenge condition, strain CML532 alleviated intestinal damage, reduced ileal colonization of C. perfringens, and also improved chicken growth performance. Collectively, this study demonstrated that the newly isolated B. velezensis strain is a promising probiotic with beneficial effects on chicken growth performance and gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (A.L.T.Z.L.); (Q.W.); (Y.X.); (D.H.); (D.L.); (Y.G.)
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Mei S, He G, Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhang R, Liao Y, Zhu M, Xu D, Shen Y, Zhou B, Wang K, Wang C, Chen C, Zhu E, Cheng Z. Effect of feeding fermented distiller's grains diets on immune status and metabolomics of spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in finishing cattle. J Proteomics 2024; 296:105107. [PMID: 38325729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
To explore the effect of feeding fermented distiller's grains (FDG) diets on spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) immune status and metabolomics in finishing cattle, eighteen Guanling crossbred cattle (18 months old, 250.0 ± 25 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups: a basal diet (Control) group, an FDG-15% group, and an FDG-30% group (containing 0%, 15% and 30% FDG to partially replace the concentrates, respectively). After 75 days, the spleens and MLN were collected for detection of relative spleen weight, immune parameters, and metabolomic analysis. Compared with the Control group, FDG-30% group significantly increased (P<0.05) the relative spleen weight. In addition, the level of IL-17A in the spleen of the FDG-30% group was significantly higher than that of the FDG-15% group. Metabolomic analysis showed that differential metabolites (VIP＞1, P＜0.05) of spleen and MLN in FDG-15% and FDG-30% groups are mostly lipids and lipid molecules. KEGG analysis illustrated that choline metabolism in cancer, glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and insulin resistance were metabolic pathways in spleen shared by FDG-15% group vs.Control group and FDG-30% group vs.Control group, and choline metabolism in cancer was a metabolic pathway in MLN shared by FDG-15% group vs.Control group and FDG-30% group vs.Control group. These results suggest that feeding FDG may promote spleen development by regulating choline metabolism in cancer, glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and insulin resistance. Additionally, it may affect MLN development by regulating choline metabolism in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Fermented distiller's grains (FDG) is a high quality alternative to feed because it is rich in beneficial microorganisms and nutrients. The spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) are important peripheral immune organs in animals, whose status reflects the health of the animal. However, there are few reports on the effect of feeding FDG diets on spleen and MLN immune status and metabolomics in domestic animals. In this study, we found that feeding FDG may promote spleen development by regulating choline metabolism in cancer, glycerophospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and insulin resistance metabolic pathways, and may affect MLN development by regulating choline metabolism in cancer. This study extends our understanding of the metabolomics of the spleen and MLN in FDG and helps to further understand of the immunomodulatory effects of the FDG diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Mei
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangxia He
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ze Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixiao Liao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Duhan Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanjuan Shen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bijun Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaigong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Erpeng Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Zhentao Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
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Chen S, Mei H, Xu L, Zhan L, Yang Y, Zhao D, Bao G, Li X, Cao Z. Impact of fermented feed of soybean hulls and rapeseed cake on immunity, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in Chahua chicken. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103451. [PMID: 38301497 PMCID: PMC10847688 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of replacing part of the basal diet with 2-stage fermented feed (FF) (soybean hulls:rapeseed cake (2:1, m/m)) on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of Chahua chicken. A total of 160 Chahua chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups to receive a control diet or diet with 5%, 10%, or 15% of the basal diet replaced by FF, respectively for 56 d. The results showed that FF significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of Chahua chickens (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Chahua chicken receiving the diet added with 15% FF significantly increased (P < 0.05). Chahua chicken in both the 10% and 15% groups showed increased serum IgG and IgM and decreased malondialdehyde. Serum interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma significantly increased in all FF groups. Compared with the CON group, higher ileal villus height (VH) was found in the 10% FF group. Treatment with FF significantly increased the ileal villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) ratio, jejunal VH, and jejunal VH/CD ratio while reducing ileal and jejunal CD. The modified gut microbiota composition was observed in the Chahua chicken fed a diet containing FF, in particular, with the increased abundance of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus. The abundance of Lactobacillus significantly increased in the 10% and 15% FF groups (all P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between Lactobacillus and VH (R = 0.38, P = 0.10, Figure 3B), AH/CD ratio (R = 0.63, P = 0.003), and a negative correlation with CD (R = -0.72, P = 0.001). These results indicate that FF improves immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health and consequently enhances growth performance in Chahua chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyou Mei
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Xu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Zhan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Yang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexuan Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Bao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Aktar J, Islam KMS, Chowdhury R, Debi MR, Emon AI. Effect of baker's yeast fermented moist feed on the growth and bone mineralization in broiler. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:78-84. [PMID: 38680789 PMCID: PMC11055574 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of feeding yeast-fermented feed in various forms on broiler growth performance and bone mineralization was studied. Materials and Methods Initially, a corn-soy-based diet was formulated and fermented in anaerobic conditions at 28°C in laboratory space for 48 h with yeast (2.0%) and moisture (50%). Afterward, the 150 newly hatched Arbeor Acres commercial broiler chicks were divided into 5 dietary groups (30 chicks, 6 cages, and 5 birds per cage). Each group received one of the following formulated and fermented diets: dry feed (DF), moist feed (MF), yeast-added dry feed (Y-DF), yeast-added moist feed (Y-MF), or yeast-fermented moist feed (YF-MF). Water and feed were supplied ad libitum. Six birds per group were slaughtered at age 37 for the determination of carcass traits and tibia ash. Results Fermentation improved crude protein from 20.7% to 22.8% but declined crude fiber from 7.9% to 6.3% in the YF-MF group compared to the DF group. High body weight gain was recorded in 771, 830, and 992 gm in the MF, Y-MF, and YF-MF groups, respectively, compared to the DF (762 gm) group (p < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was better in the Y-MF (1.57) and YF-MF (1.57) groups than in the DF (1.75) group. Feeding a fermented, moist diet resulted in improved carcass yield (69%) in the YF-MF group. Bone mineralization expressed a better tibia ash percentage (35% from 30%) in the YF-MF group compared to the DF group. Conclusion Therefore, YF-MF enhanced the quality of feed and improved growth, carcass weight, and bone mineralization in broiler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Aktar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Khan Md. Shaiful Islam
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Rakhi Chowdhury
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Momota Rani Debi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ashik Iqbal Emon
- Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Lian X, Shi M, Liang Y, Lin Q, Zhang L. The Effects of Unconventional Feed Fermentation on Intestinal Oxidative Stress in Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:305. [PMID: 38539839 PMCID: PMC10967513 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Unconventional feed, which is abundant in China, contains anti-nutritional factors and toxins; however, these can be greatly reduced with microbial fermentation, thus improving the nutrient content of the feed, enhancing animal appetites, and ultimately significantly improving the intestinal health and growth performance of animals. When oxidative stress occurs, fermented feed can effectively reduce the damage caused by stress to the gastrointestinal tract, accelerate the removal of gastrointestinal abnormalities, improve the ability to resist intestinal stress, and ensure the efficient production of animals. This review introduces the application of unconventional fermented feed in animal production, and expounds upon the function of unconventional fermented feed in animals with oxidative stress symptoms, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of unconventional fermented feed in antioxidative stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Mingyu Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qinlu Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (X.L.); (M.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Zhang M, Yang Z, Wu G, Xu F, Zhang J, Luo X, Ma Y, Pang H, Duan Y, Chen J, Cai Y, Wang L, Tan Z. Effects of Probiotic-Fermented Feed on the Growth Profile, Immune Functions, and Intestinal Microbiota of Bamei Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:647. [PMID: 38396614 PMCID: PMC10886304 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purebred Bamei piglets present problems, including slow growth, respiratory disease, and post-weaning stress. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum QP28-1- and Bacillus subtilis QB8-fermented feed supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal microflora of Bamei piglets from Qinghai, China. A total of 48 purebred Bamei piglets (25 days; 6.8 ± 0.97 kg) were divided into the following four groups for a 28-day diet experiment: basal feed (CK); diet containing 10% Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented feed (L); diet containing 10% Bacillus subtilis-fermented feed (B); and diet containing a mixture of 5% Lactobacillus plantarum + 5% Bacillus subtilis-fermented feed (H). The daily weight gain and daily food intake of group H increased (p < 0.05), and the feed/weight gain ratios of the groups fed with fermented feed decreased more than that of the CK group. The levels of three immune factors, namely immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG, and interferon-γ, were higher (p < 0.05), whereas those of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were lower (p < 0.05) in the fermented feed groups than in the CK group. Total protein was higher (p < 0.05), while urea nitrogen, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower (p < 0.05) in the mixed-fermented feed group than in the CK group. Analysis of the gut microbiota showed that the addition of fermented feed increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota, increasing the abundances of probiotics including Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Rikenellaceae. Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated that several of these probiotic bacteria were closely related to serum immunity. In conclusion, fermented feed supplementation rebuilt the intestinal microbiota of Bamei piglets, thereby reducing the feed/weight ratio, improving feed intake, and enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Guofang Wu
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Fafang Xu
- Bamei Pig Original Breeding Base of Huzhu County, Haidong 810600, China;
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xuan Luo
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Huili Pang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yaoke Duan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yimin Cai
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Crop, Livestock and Environment Division, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (G.W.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.)
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (M.Z.); (Z.Y.); (H.P.); (Y.D.); (J.C.); (Y.C.)
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Liang HQ, Fan DF, Hu WY, Wu FY, Tan K, Zhao PY, Han SJ, Chen BJ. Effects of quercetagetin on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, slaughter performance, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e70008. [PMID: 39552132 DOI: 10.1111/asj.70008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of quercetagetin (QG) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and antioxidant capacity of broilers. Four hundred 1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into five diets, each with eight replicates and 10 birds per replicate. The diets included a basal diet, and four diets with 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg QG supplemented in basal diet. Body weight on d 21, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake on days 1-21 were quadratically (p < 0.05) increased with increasing QG supplementation. The apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, and total phosphorus increased linearly (p < 0.05) from day 1 to 21, and increased quadratically (p < 0.05) from day 22 to 42. The L* values of leg muscles were lower (p < 0.05) in QG groups than control group. QG supplementation quadratically (p < 0.05) elevated glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum. The L* value was negatively correlated with GSH-Px. These results suggested that QG supplementation (50-100 mg/kg) enhanced early growth, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant status in broilers, highlighting its functional properties and potential as an additive to improve broiler productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Feng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yue Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yu Zhao
- Hebei Province Plant Source Animal Health Products Technology Innovation Center, Handan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Juan Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jiang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, People's Republic of China
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Xu F, Wu H, Xie J, Zeng T, Hao L, Xu W, Lu L. The Effects of Fermented Feed on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity, Immune Function, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, Morphology, and Microflora of Yellow-Feather Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3545. [PMID: 38003161 PMCID: PMC10668758 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented feed on growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, morphology, and microflora of yellow-feather chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old female yellow-feathered (Hexi dwarf) chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups, with six replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate. The control group (CK) received a basal diet, whereas the experimental group was fed a basal diet of +2.00% fermented feed (FJ). The trial lasted for 22 days. Compared with the CK, (1) the growth performance was not affected (p > 0.05); (2) immunoglobin a, immunoglobin g, immunoglobin m, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were affected (p < 0.05); (3) liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were higher (p < 0.05); (4) trypsin activity in the duodenum and cecal Shannon index were increased (p < 0.05); (5) the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in cecum was increased (p < 0.05); (6) the abundance of dominant microflora of Bacteroides as well as Clostridia UCG-014_norank were increased (p < 0.05). In summary, the fermented feed improved the growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, morphology, and microflora of yellow-feather chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Junan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Linyi 276600, China
| | - Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Lijian Hao
- Junan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Linyi 276600, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
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15
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Ogbuewu IP, Mabelebele M, Mbajiorgu CA. Meta-analysis of blood indices and production physiology of broiler chickens on dietary fermented cassava intervention. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:368. [PMID: 37864719 PMCID: PMC10590304 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary fermented cassava on the blood constituents and production parameters of broiler chickens have been reported with variable outcomes. Therefore, this investigation aimed to explore the impacts of dietary fermented cassava on growth traits, blood constituents, visceral organ, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Four databases were searched for studies that assessed responses of broiler chickens dietary fermented cassava. Eleven articles were used for the investigation, and data generated were analysed using OpenMEE software. A random effects model was used, and effect sizes were presented as standardised mean difference (SMD) at a 95 % confidence interval (CI). Sources of heterogeneity were evaluated using the following modifiers: broiler strain used, cassava form, feeding duration, type of microbes used for the fermentation, and inclusion level of cassava. Results indicate that fermented cassava-based diets increased feed intake (SMD = 0.38; 95 % CI: 0.11, 0.65; P = 0.006), feed conversion ratio (SMD = 1.26; 95 % CI: 0.91, 1.61; P < 0.001), white blood cells (SMD = 1.26; 95 % CI: 0.54, 1.98; P < 0.001), total serum protein (SMD = 1.23; 95 % CI: 0.41, 2.05; P = 0.003), serum cholesterol (SMD = 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.85; P = 0.050), serum creatinine (SMD = 2.53; 95 % CI: 0.53, 4.53; P = 0.013), and serum uric acid (SMD = 4.33; 95 % CI: 6.25, 2.41; P < 0.001), but lowered average daily gain and carcass yield, taking heterogeneity into account. Results reveal that studied modifiers were responsible for the inconsistent results among authors. In conclusion, dietary fermented cassava negatively influenced carcass yield, growth performance, and aspects of blood indices of broiler chickens, but did not affect abdominal fat content, visceral organ weights, and cut-part weights. However, more innovative research is needed to improve the feeding quality of cassava using other biotechnological tools in order to maximise its potential as an energy source in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B, Owerri, Imo State, 1526, Nigeria.
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - M Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - C A Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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16
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Ibrahim D, El-sayed HI, Mahmoud ER, El-Rahman GIA, Bazeed SM, Abdelwarith AA, Elgamal A, Khalil SS, Younis EM, Kishawy ATY, Davies SJ, Metwally AE. Impacts of Solid-State Fermented Barley with Fibrolytic Exogenous Enzymes on Feed Utilization, and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci 2023; 10:594. [PMID: 37888546 PMCID: PMC10611247 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present and future high demand of common cereals as corn and wheat encourage the development of feed processing technology that allows for the dietary inclusion of other cereals of low nutritional value in poultry feeding. Barley grains contain anti-nutritional factors that limit their dietary inclusion in the poultry industry. The treatment of barley with solid-state fermentation and exogenous enzymes (FBEs) provides a good alternative to common cereals. In this study, barley grains were subjected to solid-state microbial fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. This study aimed to assess the impact of FBEs on growth, feed utilization efficiency, immune modulation, antioxidant status and the expression of intestinal barrier and nutrient transporter-related genes. One-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, n = 400) comprised four representative groups with ten replicates (10 chicks/replicate) and were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets with inclusions of FBEs at 0, 5, 10 and 15% for 38 days. Solid-state fermentation of barley grains with fibrolytic enzymes increased protein content, lowered crude fiber and reduced sugars compared to non-fermented barley gains. In consequence, the group fed FBEs10% had the superior feed utilization efficiency and body weight gain (increased by 4.7%) with higher levels of nutrient metabolizability, pancreatic digestive enzyme activities and low digesta viscosity. Notably, the group fed FBEs10% showed an increased villi height and a decreased crypt depth with a remarkable hyperactivity of duodenal glands. In addition, higher inclusion levels of FBEs boosted serum immune-related parameters and intestinal and breast muscle antioxidants status. Intestinal nutrient transporters encoding genes (GLUT-1, CAAT-1, LAT1 and PepT-1) and intestinal barriers encoding genes (MUC-2, JAM-2, occludin, claudins-1 and β-defensin 1) were upregulated with higher dietary FBEs levels. In conclusion, feeding on FBEs10% positively enhanced broiler chickens' performance, feed efficiency and antioxidant status, and boosted intestinal barrier nutrient transporters encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hassainen I. El-sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Elsabbagh R. Mahmoud
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Shefaa M. Bazeed
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo P.O. Box 4942301, Egypt;
| | - Abdelwahab A. Abdelwarith
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.M.Y.)
| | - Aya Elgamal
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo P.O. Box 4942301, Egypt;
| | - Samah S. Khalil
- Department of biochemistry, drug information center, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, Zagazig P.O. Box 44511, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (E.M.Y.)
| | - Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91 V8Y1 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Abdallah E. Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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17
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yang G, Li L. Microbiome-metabolomics analysis reveals abatement effects of itaconic acid on odorous compound production in Arbor Acre broilers. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:183. [PMID: 37438695 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public complaints concerning odor emissions from intensive livestock and poultry farms continue to grow, as nauseous odorous compounds have adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Itaconic acid is a metabolite from the citric acid cycle of the host and shows volatile odor-reducing effects during animal production operations. However, the specific role of itaconic acid in decreasing intestinal odorous compound production remains unclear. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: control group (basal diet) and itaconic acid groups (basal diet + 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 g/kg itaconic acid). The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d. RESULTS Dietary itaconic acid supplementation linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) the cecal concentrations of indole and skatole but did not affect (P > 0.05) those of lactic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids. The cecal microbial shift was significant in response to 6 g/kg itaconic acid supplementation, in that the abundances of Firmicutes, Ruminococcus and Clostridium were increased (P < 0.05), while those of Bacteroidetes, Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides were decreased (P < 0.05), indicative of increased microbial richness and diversity. Furthermore, a total of 35 significantly (P < 0.05) modified metabolites were obtained by metabolomic analysis. Itaconic acid decreased (P < 0.05) the levels of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, glucose-6-phosphate, fumatic acid and malic acid and increased (P < 0.05) 5-methoxytroptomine, dodecanoic acid and stearic acid, which are connected with the glycolytic pathway, citrate acid cycle and tryptophan metabolism. Correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between the altered cecal microbiota and metabolites; Firmicutes, Ruminococcus and Clostridium were shown to be negatively correlated with indole and skatole production, while Bacteroidetes, Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides were positively correlated with indole and skatole production. CONCLUSIONS Itaconic acid decreased cecal indole and skatole levels and altered the microbiome and metabolome in favor of odorous compound reduction. These findings provide new insight into the role of itaconic acid and expand its application potential in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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