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Böhmer MN, Hamers PCM, Bindels PJE, Oppewal A, van Someren EJW, Festen DAM. Are we still in the dark? A systematic review on personal daily light exposure, sleep-wake rhythm, and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Sleep Health 2021; 7:610-630. [PMID: 34420891 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient light exposure is assumed to be related to a wide array of health problems, though few studies focus on the role of whole-day light exposure in the habitual setting in the development of these health problems. The current review aims to describe the association between personal light exposure in the habitual setting and sleep-wake rhythm and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Five databases (Embase, Medline Epub, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were searched in June 2019. The inclusion criteria included: assessment directly of light exposure on the participants for at least one full day; reporting on both individual personal light exposure and outcomes. The quality of the papers was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The current review followed the PRISMA guidelines. In total, 8140 papers were identified in the database search. Twenty-five papers were eventually included in this review. All included studies were cross-sectional, and individual light exposure was usually measured with a wrist-worn device. Five studies received a "good" quality rating, 16 received a "fair" rating, and the remaining 4 a "poor" quality rating. The overall quality of the included studies was considered low because of the lack of intervention studies and the fact that light exposure was measured on the wrist. Given the low quality of the included studies, the current review can only provide a first exploration on the association between light exposure and sleep-wake rhythm and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Limited evidence is presented for a positive relationship between the amount and timing of light exposure on the one hand and rest-activity rhythm and some estimates of sleep architecture on the other. The evidence on an association between light exposure and circadian phase, sleep estimates, sleep quality, and mood is conflicting. Data from intervention studies are needed to gain insight into the causal mechanism of the relationship between light exposure and sleep-wake rhythm and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène N Böhmer
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Middin, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
| | - Pauline C M Hamers
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Amarant, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick J E Bindels
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alyt Oppewal
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eus J W van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dederieke A M Festen
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Ipse de Bruggen, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
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Böhmer MN, Valstar MJ, Aarts MPJ, Bindels PJE, Oppewal A, van Someren EJW, Festen DAM. Shedding light on light exposure in elderly with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:361-372. [PMID: 33594722 PMCID: PMC7986740 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light exposure affects mood and sleep regulation. Sleep problems and mood complaints are common in elderly with intellectual disabilities (ID) living in care facilities. Insufficient light exposure is hypothesised to contribute to the high prevalence of these problems. The current study is the first to describe the personal light exposure pattern during the waking day in elderly with ID. METHODS The study sample consists of 82 elderly with ID (aged 62.3 ± 9.4 years) living in 16 residential homes of three care organisations in the Netherlands. Personal light exposure was measured continuously for 7-10 days using a HOBO data logger light sensor, measuring illuminance at chest height. Participants wore a wrist-worn accelerometer (Actiwatch or Geneactiv) to indicate the bedtimes to determine the waking day. RESULTS The variation in illuminance is small during the waking day. Elderly with ID spend most of their waking day (mean duration = 14:32:43 h) in dim light (1-500 lux) environment and spend a median of 32 min in light > 1000 lux. Within participants, the threshold associated with better sleep (>50 min of light > 1000 lux) was reached for 34% of the days, and the threshold associated with less depressive symptoms (>30 min of light > 1000 lux) was reached in 46% of the days. Exposure > 1000 lux was lower during weekends than during weekdays. CONCLUSION Elderly with ID spend most of their waking day in low light levels and did not meet the proposed values associated with better sleep and mood. Given the importance of adequate light exposure for regulation of sleep and mood, and the prevalence of sleep and mood problems in elderly with ID, the current study suggests that the lit environment for this already frail population should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Böhmer
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Middin, Care Organization for People with Intellectual DisabilitiesRijswijkThe Netherlands
| | - M. J. Valstar
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Medical Department, Care and Service Centre for People with Intellectual DisabilitiesASVZSliedrechtThe Netherlands
| | - M. P. J. Aarts
- Building Lighting GroupEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - P. J. E. Bindels
- Department of General PracticeErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - A. Oppewal
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - E. J. W. van Someren
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Dept. of Integrative Neurophysiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije University, Neuroscience Campus AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Dept. of PsychiatryAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, and GGZ inGeestAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - D. A. M. Festen
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability MedicineErasmus MC, University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Ipse de Bruggen, Care Organization for People with Intellectual DisabilitiesZoetermeerThe Netherlands
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Joyce DS, Zele AJ, Feigl B, Adhikari P. The accuracy of artificial and natural light measurements by actigraphs. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12963. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Joyce
- Visual Science and Medical Retina Laboratories Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Andrew J. Zele
- Visual Science and Medical Retina Laboratories Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Beatrix Feigl
- Visual Science and Medical Retina Laboratories Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Prakash Adhikari
- Visual Science and Medical Retina Laboratories Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
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Falkenberg HK, Kvikstad TM, Eilertsen G. Improved indoor lighting improved healthy aging at home - an intervention study in 77-year-old Norwegians. J Multidiscip Healthc 2019; 12:315-324. [PMID: 31190854 PMCID: PMC6526775 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s198763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Healthy aging and good quality of life is important to allow older people to live at home. Lighting is a significant environmental attribute promoting visual, physical, and mental health. Due to normal visual age changes, older people need more light, but improving indoor lighting levels receives little attention. Objective: To investigate the impact of improved home lighting on abilities to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and quality of life in healthy older people. Methods: Sixty healthy 77 years old living at home participated during the 4-month dark winter period. In the intervention group (IG, n=30), the living room lighting was optimized by providing lamps and a basic control system with three preset levels (normal, medium, low). Participants chose the light level and kept a diary. No change was implemented for the control group (CG, n=30). A questionnaire measured self-reported visual and general health and ability to perform ADL in regards to lighting before and after the intervention in both groups. Results: In the IG, lighting levels significantly improved self-assessed lighting levels, abilities to perform ADLs, and read and write in the living room (all p<0.03). In the CG the only change was a deterioration in performing ADLs ( p<0.05). The difference in change was significant between the IG and CG (all p<0.02). "Normal" lighting was the preferred level and increased comfort and well-being. The IG also resumed visually demanding tasks, and acknowledged that avoiding these tasks were mainly due to poor lighting. Conclusions: Good vision is essential in promoting healthy aging at home and require adequate lighting. This can easily be achieved using a basic light system. Adopting to higher lighting levels evolves quickly. Our results suggest that improved quality of light could improve quality of life, and lighting should be included as a factor promoting healthy aging at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle K Falkenberg
- National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Tor Martin Kvikstad
- Department of Business, Strategy and Political Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Grethe Eilertsen
- USN Eldreforsk Research Group, Department of Nursing- and Health Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
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Seasonal Variation in Bright Daylight Exposure, Mood and Behavior among a Group of Office Workers in Sweden. J Circadian Rhythms 2018; 16:2. [PMID: 30210562 PMCID: PMC5853818 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate seasonal variation in mood and behavior among a group of office workers in Sweden (56°N). Thirty subjects participated in this longitudinal study. The subjects kept a weekly log that included questionnaires for ratings of psychological wellbeing and daily sleep-activity diaries where they also noted time spent outdoors. The lighting conditions in the offices were subjectively evaluated during one day, five times over the year. There was a seasonal variation in positive affect and in sleep-activity behavior. Across the year, there was a large variation in the total time spent outdoors in daylight. The subjects reported seasonal variation concerning the pleasantness, variation and strength of the light in the offices and regarding the visibility in the rooms. Finally, the subjects spent most of their time indoors, relying on artificial lighting, which demonstrates the importance of the lighting quality in indoor environments.
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Chang CH, Liu CY, Chen SJ, Tsai HC. Efficacy of light therapy on nonseasonal depression among elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3091-3102. [PMID: 30532540 PMCID: PMC6241691 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s180321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of light therapy in the treatment of geriatric depression. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. Data sources for the literature search were PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration's Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Controlled trials of light therapy on older patients with nonseasonal depression and depression rating scales were eligible. Studies were pooled using a random-effect model for comparisons with light therapy. We used effect size (ES), which expresses changes in depression severity, in each selected meta-analysis to calculate the standardized mean difference on the basis of Hedges' adjusted g; positive values indicated that the depression severity improved after light therapy. All results were presented with 95% CIs. Statistical heterogeneity was explored through visual inspection of funnel plots and the I2 statistic. Moderators of effects were explored using meta-regression. RESULTS We identified eight trials involving 395 participants that met the inclusion criteria. Light therapy was significantly more effective than comparative treatments, including placebo or dim light, with an ES of 0.422 (95% CI: 0.174-0.709, P=0.001). In addition, six of the eight trials used bright (white) light, resulting in significantly reduced severity of geriatric depression (N=273, ES: 0.460, 95% CI: 0.085-0.836, P=0.016). Furthermore, pale blue light therapy reduced the severity of geriatric depression (N=89, ES: 0.464, 95% CI: 0.046-0.882, P=0.030). CONCLUSION Our results highlighted the significant efficacy of light therapy in the treatment of geriatric depression. Additional well-designed, controlled studies are necessary to adopt standard parameters, adequate group sizes, and randomized assignment to evaluate more thoroughly the efficacy of light therapy for treating geriatric depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hung Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- Biostatistical Consulting Laboratory, Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Ji Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mackay Memorial Hospital Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chi Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien City, Taiwan, .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan,
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7
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Smart environment architecture for emotion detection and regulation. J Biomed Inform 2016; 64:55-73. [PMID: 27678301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces an architecture as a proof-of-concept for emotion detection and regulation in smart health environments. The aim of the proposal is to detect the patient's emotional state by analysing his/her physiological signals, facial expression and behaviour. Then, the system provides the best-tailored actions in the environment to regulate these emotions towards a positive mood when possible. The current state-of-the-art in emotion regulation through music and colour/light is implemented with the final goal of enhancing the quality of life and care of the subject. The paper describes the three main parts of the architecture, namely "Emotion Detection", "Emotion Regulation" and "Emotion Feedback Control". "Emotion Detection" works with the data captured from the patient, whereas "Emotion Regulation" offers him/her different musical pieces and colour/light settings. "Emotion Feedback Control" performs as a feedback control loop to assess the effect of emotion regulation over emotion detection. We are currently testing the overall architecture and the intervention in real environments to achieve our final goal.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Parry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California
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9
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Differential effect of depression versus thermoregulation in postmenopausal sleep disturbance. Menopause 2015; 22:1032-4. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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A Review on the Role of Color and Light in Affective Computing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/app5030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Abstract
Bright light therapy and the broader realm of chronotherapy remain underappreciated and underutilized, despite their empirical support. Efficacy extends beyond seasonal affective disorder and includes nonseasonal depression and sleep disorders, with emerging evidence for a role in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, delirium, and dementia. A practical overview is offered, including key aspects of underlying biology, indications for treatment, parameters of treatment, adverse effects, and transformation of our relationship to light and darkness in contemporary life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Schwartz
- From Harvard Medical School; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA (Dr. Schwartz); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Dr. Olds)
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Frank E, Benabou M, Bentzley B, Bianchi M, Goldstein T, Konopka G, Maywood E, Pritchett D, Sheaves B, Thomas J. Influencing circadian and sleep-wake regulation for prevention and intervention in mood and anxiety disorders: what makes a good homeostat? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1334:1-25. [PMID: 25532787 PMCID: PMC4350368 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms depend on homeostasis, the complex set of interacting metabolic chemical reactions for maintaining life and well-being. This is no less true for psychiatric well-being than for physical well-being. Indeed, a focus on homeostasis forces us to see how inextricably linked mental and physical well-being are. This paper focuses on these linkages. In particular, it addresses the ways in which understanding of disturbed homeostasis may aid in creating classes of patients with mood and anxiety disorders based on such phenotypes. At the cellular level, we may be able to compensate for the inability to study living brain tissue through the study of homeostatic mechanisms in fibroblasts, pluripotent human cells, and mitochondria and determine how homeostasis is disturbed at the level of these peripheral tissues through exogenous stress. We also emphasize the remarkable opportunities for enhancing knowledge in this area that are offered by advances in technology. The study of human behavior, especially when combined with our greatly improved capacity to study unique but isolated populations, offers particularly clear windows into the relationships among genetic, environmental, and behavioral contributions to homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Frank
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marion Benabou
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Brandon Bentzley
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Matt Bianchi
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tina Goldstein
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Maywood
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Pritchett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology), University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony Sheaves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Thomas
- Molecular Sleep Laboratory, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
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Caldwell K, Fernandez R, Traynor V, Perrin C. Effects of spending time outdoors in daylight on the psychosocial well-being of older people and their family carers: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Esmann S, Vinding G, Christensen K, Jemec G. Assessing the influence of actinic keratosis on patients’ quality of life: the AKQoL questionnaire. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:277-83. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Grandner MA, Kripke DF, Elliott J, Cole R. Short wavelength light administered just prior to waking: a pilot study. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013; 44:13-32. [PMID: 23275686 DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2011.632578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bright light in the blue-green range, administered in the early morning hours (prior to waking) may be particularly effective in shifting circadian rhythms and may increase gonadotropin production. Accordingly, we tested the feasibility and utility of a mask that emits bright blue/green light (compared to a similar mask that emitted a dim red light) towards the end of sleep in a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. The study included a 3-day baseline period, immediately followed by a 12-day intervention period. Subjects were 30 healthy young men with minimal-mild depression. The bright light masks were well-tolerated and demonstrated adequate safety and feasibility. Following the intervention, those who wore the bright light mask demonstrated altered sleep timing suggestive of an earlier sleep period, and excreted a slight increase in follicle-stimulating hormone. Overall, light masks may prove useful in future studies of bright light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Division of Sleep Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Waterhouse J, Fukuda Y, Morita T. Daily rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle. J Physiol Anthropol 2012; 31:5. [PMID: 22738268 PMCID: PMC3375033 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-31-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount and timing of sleep and sleep architecture (sleep stages) are determined by several factors, important among which are the environment, circadian rhythms and time awake. Separating the roles played by these factors requires specific protocols, including the constant routine and altered sleep-wake schedules. Results from such protocols have led to the discovery of the factors that determine the amounts and distribution of slow wave and rapid eye movement sleep as well as to the development of models to determine the amount and timing of sleep. One successful model postulates two processes. The first is process S, which is due to sleep pressure (and increases with time awake) and is attributed to a 'sleep homeostat'. Process S reverses during slow wave sleep (when it is called process S'). The second is process C, which shows a daily rhythm that is parallel to the rhythm of core temperature. Processes S and C combine approximately additively to determine the times of sleep onset and waking. The model has proved useful in describing normal sleep in adults. Current work aims to identify the detailed nature of processes S and C. The model can also be applied to circumstances when the sleep-wake cycle is different from the norm in some way. These circumstances include: those who are poor sleepers or short sleepers; the role an individual's chronotype (a measure of how the timing of the individual's preferred sleep-wake cycle compares with the average for a population); and changes in the sleep-wake cycle with age, particularly in adolescence and aging, since individuals tend to prefer to go to sleep later during adolescence and earlier in old age. In all circumstances, the evidence that sleep times and architecture are altered and the possible causes of these changes (including altered S, S' and C processes) are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Waterhouse
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Physiology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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17
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Smith SS, Kozak N, Sullivan KA. An investigation of the relationship between subjective sleep quality, loneliness and mood in an Australian sample: can daily routine explain the links? Int J Soc Psychiatry 2012; 58:166-71. [PMID: 21106604 DOI: 10.1177/0020764010387551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and low mood are associated with significant negative health outcomes including poor sleep, but the strength of the evidence underlying these associations varies. There is strong evidence that poor sleep quality and low mood are linked, but only emerging evidence that loneliness and poor sleep are associated. AIMS To independently replicate the finding that loneliness and poor subjective sleep quality are associated and to extend past research by investigating lifestyle regularity as a possible mediator of relationships, since lifestyle regularity has been linked to loneliness and poor sleep. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 97 adults completed standardized measures of loneliness, lifestyle regularity, subjective sleep quality and mood. RESULTS Loneliness was a significant predictor of sleep quality. Lifestyle regularity was not a predictor of, nor associated with, mood, sleep quality or loneliness. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an important independent replication of the association between poor sleep and loneliness. However, the mechanism underlying this link remains unclear. A theoretically plausible mechanism for this link, lifestyle regularity, does not explain the relationship between loneliness and poor sleep. The nexus between loneliness and poor sleep is unlikely to be broken by altering the social rhythm of patients who present with poor sleep and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Squire Smith
- Centre for Accident Research & Road Safety Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Stephenson KM, Schroder CM, Bertschy G, Bourgin P. Complex interaction of circadian and non-circadian effects of light on mood: shedding new light on an old story. Sleep Med Rev 2012; 16:445-54. [PMID: 22244990 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role in vision, light exerts strong effects on behavior. Its powerful role in the modulation of mood is well established, yet remains poorly understood. Much research has focused on the effects of light on circadian rhythms and subsequent interaction with alertness and depression. The recent discovery of a third photoreceptor, melanopsin, expressed in a subset of retinal ganglion cells, allows major improvement of our understanding of how photic information is processed. Light affects behavior in two ways, either indirectly through the circadian timing system, or directly through mechanisms that are independent of the circadian system. These latter effects have barely been studied in regard to mood, but recent investigations on the direct effects of light on sleep and alertness suggest additional pathways through which light could influence mood. Based on our recent findings, we suggest that light, via melanopsin, may exert its antidepressant effect through a modulation of the homeostatic process of sleep. Further research is needed to understand how these mechanisms interplay and how they contribute to the photic regulation of mood. Such research could improve therapeutic management of affective disorders and influence the management of societal lighting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Stephenson
- Department of Biological Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS-UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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Kotzer AM, Zacharakis SK, Raynolds M, Buenning F. Evaluation of the Built Environment: Staff and Family Satisfaction Pre- and Post-Occupancy of the Children's Hospital. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2011; 4:60-78. [DOI: 10.1177/193758671100400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and compare the impact of an existing and newly built hospital environment on family and staff satisfaction related to light, noise, temperature, aesthetics, and amenities, as well as safety, security, and privacy. Background: The United States is engaged in an unprecedented healthcare building boom driven by the need to replace aging facilities, understand the impact of the built environment on quality and safety, incorporate rapidly emerging technologies, and enhance patient- and family-centered care. More importantly, there is heightened attention to creating optimal physical environments to achieve the best possible outcomes for patients, families, and staff. Methods: Using a pre-post descriptive survey design, all nursing, social work, therapy staff, and families on selected inpatient units were invited to participate. A demographic form and Family and Staff Satisfaction Surveys were developed and administered pre- and post-occupancy of the new facility. Results: Pre/post mean scores for staff satisfaction improved on all survey subscales with statistically significant improvement ( p < .05) in most areas. The most improvement was seen with layout of the patient room, natural light, storage and writing surfaces, and comfort and appeal. Family satisfaction demonstrated statistically significant improvement on all subscales (p ≤ .01), especially for natural light, quiet space, parking, and the child's room as a healing environment. Conclusions: Families and staff reported greater satisfaction with the newly built hospital environment compared to the old facility. Study results will help guide future architectural design decisions, attract and retain staff at a world-class facility, and create the most effective healing environments.
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The effect of narrowband 500nm light on daytime sleep in humans. Physiol Behav 2011; 103:197-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Only recently has the perimenopause become recognized as a time when women are at risk for new onset and recurrence of major depression. Untreated depression at this time not only exacerbates the course of a depressive illness, but also puts women at increased risk for sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Although antidepressant medication is the mainstay of treatment, adjunctive therapy, especially with estrogen replacement, may be indicated in refractory cases, and may speed the onset of antidepressant action. Many, but not all, studies, report that progesterone antagonizes the beneficial effects of estrogen. Although some antidepressants improve vasomotor symptoms, in general they are not as effective as estrogen alone for relieving these symptoms. Estrogen alone, however, does not generally result in remission of major depression in most (but not all) studies, but may provide benefit to some women with less severe symptoms if administered in therapeutic ranges. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in addition to estrogen are usually more beneficial in improving mood than SSRIs or estrogen treatment alone for major depression, whereas the selective norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors do not require the addition of estrogen to exert their antidepressant effects in menopausal depression. In addition to attention to general health, hormonal status, and antidepressant treatment, the optimal management of perimenopausal depression also requires attention to the individual woman's psychosocial and spiritual well being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Parry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Turner PL, Van Someren EJW, Mainster MA. The role of environmental light in sleep and health: Effects of ocular aging and cataract surgery. Sleep Med Rev 2010; 14:269-80. [PMID: 20056462 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Turner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, 7400 State Line Road, Prairie Village, KS 66208-3444, USA.
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Avanzino L, Martino D, Marchese R, Aniello MS, Minafra B, Superbo M, Defazio G, Abbruzzese G. Quality of sleep in primary focal dystonia: a case-control study. Eur J Neurol 2009; 17:576-81. [PMID: 20039936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are common in patients with movement disorders. Evaluating quality of sleep is of primary importance because of the effect that nocturnal and daytime sleep abnormalities exert on general health status. However, quality of sleep has never been addressed in detail in patients with dystonia. The aim of this case-control study was to analyse quality of sleep in patients with the two most common forms of primary focal dystonia, blepharospasm (BSP) and cervical dystonia (CD). METHODS We evaluated quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS) in 98 patients with focal adult-onset dystonia (52 with BSP; 46 with CD) and in a group of 56 age-and gender-matched healthy subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used for the evaluation of depressive symptomatology. RESULTS Quality of sleep was impaired (significantly higher PSQI scores) in both groups of patients. However, differences in PSQI scores between patients with CD and control subjects were partly confounded by BDI scores, whereas differences in PSQI scores between patients with BSP and control subjects were not influenced by BDI. Excessive daytime sleepiness was not significantly more frequent than in control subjects in either patients with BSP or patients with CD. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the assessment and treatment of insomnia-related complaints should be considered in global management plans of patients with focal dystonia, particularly in those affected by BSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Avanzino
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Grandner MA, Kripke DF, Naidoo N, Langer RD. Relationships among dietary nutrients and subjective sleep, objective sleep, and napping in women. Sleep Med 2009; 11:180-4. [PMID: 20005774 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe which dietary nutrient variables are related to subjective and objective habitual sleep and subjective and objective napping. METHODS Participants were 459 post-menopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Objective sleep was estimated using one week of actigraphy. Subjective sleep was prospectively estimated with a daily sleep diary. Dietary nutrients were calculated from food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS The most significant correlations were with subjective napping, including (from strongest to weakest): total fat, calories, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, trans fat, water, proline, serine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine, cholesterol, leucine, glutamic acid, ash, isoleucine, histidine, sodium, tryptophan, protein, threonine, cystine, methionine, phosphorous, polyunsaturated fat, animal protein, aspartic acid, arginine, lysine, alanine, caffeine, riboflavin, gamma-tocopherol, glycine, retinol, delta-tocopherol, Vitamin D, and selenium. Actigraphic nocturnal sleep duration was negatively associated with total fat, monounsaturated fat, trans fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, calories, gamma-tocopherol, cholesterol, and alpha-tocopherol-eq. CONCLUSIONS Actigraphic total sleep time was negatively associated with intake of fats. Subjective napping, which may be a proxy for subjective sleepiness, was significantly related to fat intake as well as intake of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Problems associated with short sleep: bridging the gap between laboratory and epidemiological studies. Sleep Med Rev 2009; 14:239-47. [PMID: 19896872 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Existing data from laboratory studies suggest a number of negative consequences of acute reductions in sleep time. Also, epidemiological data suggest links between shorter self-reported sleep duration and negative health outcomes. These bodies of work are growing, revealing several key points of convergence and opportunities for future exploration. In addition, they begin to highlight possible problems experienced by "short sleepers," who sleep approximately 6h or less per night. While it is likely that this group is heterogeneous, comprised both of individuals with less need for sleep and those not sleeping enough, the laboratory and epidemiological findings point towards directions that can be more fully explored in verified short sleepers. This paper discusses problems associated with the terminology used to describe "short sleep," summarizes laboratory studies exploring neurobehavioral performance, metabolism and obesity, and psychological health and epidemiological studies exploring mortality risk, obesity and metabolism, cardiovascular disease, and general health/psychosocial stress, describes studies of verified short sleepers and explores areas of convergence, laying out possible future directions.
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Tsai SY, Barnard KE, Lentz MJ, Thomas KA. Twenty-four hours light exposure experiences in postpartum women and their 2–10-week-old infants: An intensive within-subject design pilot study. Int J Nurs Stud 2009; 46:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Giganti F, Ficca G, Gori S, Salzarulo P. Body movements during night sleep and their relationship with sleep stages are further modified in very old subjects. Brain Res Bull 2008; 75:66-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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