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Hawley LL, Lisi DM, Richter MA, Selchen S, Rector NA. The Relationship of Rumination, Worry and OCD Symptoms During Technology Supported Mindfulness Therapy for OCD. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e3018. [PMID: 38948943 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we re-examined data from a previous randomized controlled trial investigating 'technology supported mindfulness' (TSM)-an 8-week treatment intervention for individuals experiencing OCD. The current analysis involves an examination of the longitudinal relationships between rumination, worry and OCD symptom changes during mindfulness treatment, in comparison to a waitlist control. METHODS Participants experiencing OCD (n = 71) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of (1) TSM or (2) waitlist control. We tested the extent to which rumination (using the Ruminative Response Scale) and worry (using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire) are associated with OCD symptom changes during the acute phase of treatment, concurrently (i.e., within the same longitudinal model). RESULTS Generalized linear model (GLM) results indicated a significant time (week 1 vs. week 8) by condition interaction involving decreased rumination in the TSM condition: F(1, 61) = 13.37, p = 0.001, partial η2 = 0.18 and observed power = 0.94. A second GLM demonstrated decreased worry in the TSM condition: F(1, 69) = 37.34, p = 0.001, partial η2 = 0.35 and observed power = 0.83. Longitudinal 'latent difference' structural equation analyses demonstrated a cross-lagged association between worry (but not rumination) and OCD symptom changes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals in the TSM condition experienced greater reductions in rumination and worry during 8 weeks of TSM treatment compared to the waitlist control, and reduced worry predicted subsequent OCD symptom reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Hawley
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana M Lisi
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret A Richter
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Selchen
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph Brant Hospital, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil A Rector
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hertz AG, Dawson DB, Rassu FS, Ecker AH, Helm A, Hundt NE, Fletcher TL. Delivery of Exposure and Response Prevention Among Veterans with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Behav Health Serv Res 2023; 50:514-523. [PMID: 37024645 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-023-09838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Veterans with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often face barriers to receiving evidence-based treatments such as exposure and response prevention (ERP). Through retrospective review of electronic medical records, this study examined the rates of ERP delivery in a national sample of 554 veterans newly diagnosed with OCD in the Veterans Health Administration between 2016 and 2017. Results indicated that only 4% of veterans (n = 22) received any ERP treatment; and, of those, 16 veterans received "true ERP." Veterans who received any ERP were younger than those who did not. ERP was primarily delivered by psychologists in urban facilities along the East and West coasts of the USA. The findings from this study emphasize the need to train more providers to effectively deliver ERP in addition to providing telehealth services to increase access to care for veterans in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa G Hertz
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Darius B Dawson
- VA HSR&D Houston Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fenan S Rassu
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony H Ecker
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- VA HSR&D Houston Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Helm
- VA HSR&D Houston Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie E Hundt
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- VA HSR&D Houston Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terri L Fletcher
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- VA HSR&D Houston Center of Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Factors Predicting the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy in the Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. JOURNAL OF RATIONAL-EMOTIVE AND COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10942-022-00456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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De la Peña-Arteaga V, Morgado P, Couto B, Ferreira S, Castro I, Sousa N, Soriano-Mas C, Picó-Pérez M. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of frontal networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder during cognitive reappraisal. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e62. [DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) present difficulties in the cognitive regulation of emotions, possibly because of inefficient recruitment of distributed patterns of frontal cortex regions. The aim of the present study is to characterize the brain networks, and their dysfunctions, related to emotion regulation alterations observed during cognitive reappraisal in OCD.
Methods
Adult patients with OCD (n = 31) and healthy controls (HC; n = 30) were compared during performance of a functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive reappraisal protocol. We used a free independent component analysis approach to analyze network-level alterations during emotional experience and regulation. Correlations with behavioral scores were also explored.
Results
Analyses were focused on six networks encompassing the frontal cortex. OCD patients showed decreased activation of the frontotemporal network in comparison with HC (F(1,58) = 7.81, p = 0.007) during cognitive reappraisal. A similar trend was observed in the left frontoparietal network.
Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that patients with OCD show decreased activation of specific networks implicating the frontal cortex during cognitive reappraisal. These outcomes should help to better characterize the psychological processes modulating fear, anxiety, and other core symptoms of patients with OCD, as well as the associated neurobiological alterations, from a system-level perspective.
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Abramovitch A, Short T, Schweiger A. The C Factor: Cognitive dysfunction as a transdiagnostic dimension in psychopathology. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 86:102007. [PMID: 33864968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research into cognitive functions across psychological disorders suggests that cognitive deficiencies may be present across multiple disorders, potentially pointing to a transdiagnostic phenomenon. More recently, a single dimension model of psychopathology, the p factor, has been proposed, in which cognitive deficits are thought to be an intrinsic construct, assumed to be transdiagnostic. However, no systematic investigation to date tested this hypothesis. The aim of the present study was to systematically review meta-analyses to assess the hypothesis that the C factor (cognitive dysfunction) is transdiagnostic in psychopathology and review potential moderators that may account for such a phenomenon. We conducted a systematic review of meta-analyses examining cognitive function across all disorders for which data were available. Included meta-analyses (n = 82), comprising 97 clinical samples, yielded 1,055 effect sizes. Twelve major disorders/categories (e.g., bipolar disorder, substance use disorders) were included, comprising 29 distinct clinical entities (e.g., euthymic bipolar disorder; alcohol use disorder). Results show that all disorders reviewed are associated with underperformance across cognitive domains, supporting the hypothesis that the C factor (or cognitive dysfunction) is a transdiagnostic factor related to p. To examine moderators that may explain or contribute to c, we first consider important interpretative limitations of neuropsychological data in psychopathology. More crucially, we review oft-neglected motivational and emotional transdiagnostic constructs of p, as prominent contributing constructs to the C factor. These constructs are offered as a roadmap for future research examining these constructs related to p, that contribute, and may account for cognitive dysfunctions in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Short
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, USA
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6
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McKay D, Abramowitz JS, Storch EA. Mechanisms of harmful treatments for obsessive–compulsive disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Berke DS, Leone R, Parrott D, Gallagher KE. Drink, Don't Think: The Role of Masculinity and Thought Suppression in Men's Alcohol-Related Aggression. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2020; 21:36-45. [PMID: 33867864 PMCID: PMC8048098 DOI: 10.1037/men0000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a well-established risk factor for aggressive behavior. However, evidence suggests that alcohol's effect on aggression varies as a function of individual- and situational-based instigating and inhibiting factors. Endorsement of traditional masculine gender norms has been consistently identified as an instigating factor for alcohol-related aggression. Likewise, individuals who habitually engage in thought suppression (i.e., the attempt to inhibit the occurrence of unwanted thoughts) have been shown to be at increased risk for behavioral disinhibition and aggression. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that thought suppression mediates the association between masculine norms and alcohol-related aggression. Two hundred forty-five men with a history of recent heavy episodic alcohol use completed surveys assessing their endorsement of traditional masculine norms, use of thought suppression, and both trait and alcohol-related aggression. Results indicated that thought suppression fully mediated the association between the toughness masculine norm and alcohol-related aggression. In addition, thought suppression partially mediated the association between the toughness norm and trait aggression. Findings are discussed in terms of the potential utility of cognitive-emotion regulation and norm-based interventions for reducing alcohol-related aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Berke
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, Department of Psychology, New York, NY
| | - Ruschelle Leone
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dominic Parrott
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, Atlanta, GA
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8
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Hallion LS, Tolin DF, Billingsley AL, Kusmierski SN, Diefenbach GJ. "Cold" Cognitive Control and Attentional Symptoms in Anxiety: Perceptions Versus Performance. Behav Ther 2019; 50:1150-1163. [PMID: 31735249 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinically significant anxiety is associated with an array of attentional symptoms (e.g., difficulty concentrating; unwanted thought) that are subjectively experienced as severe. However, neuropsychological findings are mixed with respect to the presence of cognitive deficits that can account for these symptoms. Contextualizing predictions from established clinical theories (e.g., Attentional Control Theory) within contemporary, neurobiologically derived models of cognitive control (Dual Mechanisms of Control Theory), the present study investigated the relationship between "cold" proactive and reactive cognitive control, task effort, and subjective attentional symptoms (difficulty concentrating; unwanted thought) in a mixed clinical sample of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and a comparison sample of healthy controls. Clinical status moderated the relationship between attentional symptoms (attentional focusing and trait worry) and proactive cognitive control response time. Clinical status also moderated the relationship between trait worry and task effort. Higher trait worry was associated with slower proactive control and lower effort in healthy participants, but faster proactive control in clinical participants. Self-reported attentional focusing showed differential validity vis-à-vis proactive control response time in clinical versus healthy participants. Post-hoc conditional effects analysis suggested more accurate self-appraisals in healthy controls, but was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Preliminary evidence suggested that differences in task effort in anxious versus healthy adults may relate to subjective attentional symptoms in GAD and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Hallion
- University of Pittsburgh; Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital.
| | - David F Tolin
- Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital; Yale University School of Medicine
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9
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Koerten HR, Bogusch LM, Varga AV, O’Brien WH. The perceived impact of the 2016 election: A mediation model predicting health outcomes. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v7i1.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between the self-reported personal impact of the election of President Donald J. Trump, as measured by the Personal Impact of the Election Scale (PIES), and physical and mental health. A sample of 299 MTurk Amazon workers completed an online survey, including measures of the perceived personal impact of the 2016 presidential election, thought suppression, and mental and physical health. A mediation model was tested, with thought suppression included as a mediator of the relationship between the PIES and physical and mental health. Results indicated that thought suppression partially mediated the relationship between the PIES and physical and mental health. Specifically, the perceived impact of the election was positively associated with thought suppression (β = .51, SE = .01, p < .001), which was in turn negatively associated with physical health (β = -.25, SE = .44, p < .001) and mental health (β = -.50, SE = .47, p < .001). The results of this study suggest that perceptions of this sociopolitical event were related to the health of United States citizens and show a need for large-scale interventions to address this relationship, especially for those who feel threatened based on their ethnic or religious background.
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10
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Miegel F, Jelinek L, Moritz S. Dysfunctional beliefs in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression as assessed with the Beliefs Questionnaire (BQ). Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:265-274. [PMID: 30594759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate about the specificity of dysfunctional beliefs in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as some of these beliefs seem to be relevant in depressed patients as well. The present study aimed to elucidate the specificity of dysfunctional beliefs using the newly developed Beliefs Questionnaire (BQ). A combination of an online assessment and clinical interviews was carried out. One hundred thirty OCD patients (M = 38.7 years; 68% women) were compared to 85 patients with depression (M = 36.6 years; 75% women) and 220 nonclinical controls (M = 38.9 years; 71% women) on the BQ, which contains 13 items tapping cognitive beliefs. The BQ was validated against the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ). Patients with OCD and depression scored higher on the BQ compared to nonclinical controls. OCD patients displayed higher values on overestimation of threat and the fear of becoming insane. Correlation between BQ and OBQ total scores was high (r = 0.751), supporting the validity of the new scale. Our results show that two beliefs are OCD-specific. However, the BQ covers mainly transdiagnostic features and should be replicated with the inclusion of an anxiety disorder sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Miegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Jelinek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Wang YM, Zou LQ, Xie WL, Yang ZY, Zhu XZ, Cheung EFC, Sørensen TA, Møller A, Chan RCK. Altered grey matter volume and cortical thickness in patients with schizo-obsessive comorbidity. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 276:65-72. [PMID: 29628272 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that schizo-obsessive comorbidity (SOC) may be a unique diagnostic entity. We examined grey matter (GM) volume and cortical thickness in 22 patients with SOC, and compared them with 21 schizophrenia (SCZ) patients, 22 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and 22 healthy controls (HCs). We found that patients with SOC exhibited reduced GM volume in the left thalamus, the left inferior semi-lunar lobule of the cerebellum, the bilateral medial orbitofrontal cortex (medial oFC), the medial superior frontal gyrus (medial sFG), the rectus gyrus and the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC) compared with HCs. Patients with SOC also exhibited reduced cortical thickness in the right superior temporal gyrus (sTG), the right angular gyrus, the right supplementary motor area (SMA), the right middle cingulate cortex (mCC) and the right middle occipital gyrus (mOG) compared with HCs. Together with the differences in GM volume and cortical thickness between patients with SOC and patients with only SCZ or only OCD, these findings highlight the GM changes specific to patients with SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lai-Quan Zou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wen-Lan Xie
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiong-Zhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Thomas Alrik Sørensen
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Arne Møller
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Centre of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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12
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Hung Y, Gaillard SL, Yarmak P, Arsalidou M. Dissociations of cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and emotional interference: Voxelwise ALE meta-analyses of fMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4065-4082. [PMID: 29923271 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control is the stopping of a mental process with or without intention, conceptualized as mental suppression of competing information because of limited cognitive capacity. Inhibitory control dysfunction is a core characteristic of many major psychiatric disorders. Inhibition is generally thought to involve the prefrontal cortex; however, a single inhibitory mechanism is insufficient for interpreting the heterogeneous nature of human cognition. It remains unclear whether different dimensions of inhibitory processes-specifically cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and emotional interference-rely on dissociated neural systems. We conducted systematic meta-analyses of fMRI studies in the BrainMap database supplemented by PubMed using whole-brain activation likelihood estimation. A total of 66 study experiments including 1,447 participants and 987 foci revealed that while the left anterior insula was concordant in all inhibitory dimensions, cognitive inhibition reliably activated specific dorsal frontal inhibitory system, engaging dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal areas, whereas emotional interference reliably implicated a ventral inhibitory system, involving the ventral surface of the inferior frontal gyrus and the amygdala. Response inhibition showed concordant clusters in the fronto-striatal system, including the dorsal anterior cingulate region and extended supplementary motor areas, the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, midbrain regions, and parietal regions. We provide an empirically derived dimensional model of inhibition characterizing neural systems underlying different aspects of inhibitory mechanisms. This study offers a fundamental framework to advance current understanding of inhibition and provides new insights for future clinical research into disorders with different types of inhibition-related dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Hung
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Schuyler L Gaillard
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Pavel Yarmak
- Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Arsalidou
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ansari Z, Shahabi R. Cognitive Profile of Individuals With Obsessive-Compulsive Tendencies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.5406/amerjpsyc.131.1.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare working memory capacity (WMC), short-term memory (STM), and attention mechanisms of executive function (including inhibition, shifting, and updating) between people with obsessive-compulsive tendencies (OCT) and controls without OCT. For this purpose, 164 undergraduate students (90 women and 74 men) were selected using the stratified random method, and they individually responded to the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory to measure OCT and to executive function tests including Forward Digit Span, Backward Digit Span, Stroop, Set Shifting, and Keep Track tasks. These tasks assessed STM, WMC, and inhibition of prepotent responses, mental set shifting, and information updating and monitoring, respectively. In this study, the cutoff point of the Maudsley Obsessional-Compulsive Inventory was considered to be 11. With regard to this cutoff point, 44 people in the group had OCT and 120 did not. The obtained results from the Pearson correlation coefficient and analysis of variance showed that students with OCT had significantly limited STM and WMC compared with those in the control group. Furthermore, their executive function abilities including shifting, updating, and inhibition were significantly weaker than those in the control group.
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Jiujias M, Kelley E, Hall L. Restricted, Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Comparative Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:944-959. [PMID: 28281020 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review paper critically examines literature regarding restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The similar behavioral profiles of these disorders presents the potential for confusion regarding diagnoses and intervention efforts. As such, this review highlights the similarities and differences between RRBs in ASD and OCD. The developmental trajectories of RRBs are presented, followed by an exploration of three constructs implicated in RRB manifestation: anxiety, executive functioning, and sensory phenomena. While RRBs tend to develop with some similarity in both disorders, the differing role of anxiety highlights important distinctions between ASD and OCD. We urge researchers and clinicians to think critically about the dimensions that affect RRB presentation. Future research should use this review as a starting point to further elucidate the differences between RRBs in these two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Jiujias
- Psychology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kelley
- Psychology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada. .,Queen's University, Humphrey Hall Room 351, 62 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Layla Hall
- Psychology Department, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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15
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Stop checking: Repeated checking and its effects on response inhibition and doubt. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2016; 53:84-91. [PMID: 25666207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated checking is a common ritual in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). van den Hout and Kindt (2003b) devised a task demonstrating paradoxical reductions in memory confidence following repeated checking. This effect was later found to be contingent upon response inhibition. The current study aims to (1) test an alternative interpretation, whereby repeated-checking effects are caused by viewing multiple exemplars, and (2) test whether repeated checking affects response inhibition. METHOD 132 students participated in two experiments (66 in Experiment 1 and 66 in Experiment 2). Participants were randomly allocated to a repeated-checking task or a simple-action task that featured similar multiple exemplars without the need for checking. Both tasks were followed by a stop-signal task, measuring response inhibition. Experiment 1 featured a stop-signal task with neutral go-signals while Experiment 2 incorporated familiar and unfamiliar stimuli from the previous task as go-signals. RESULTS In both experiments, the repeated-checking group exhibited reduced memory confidence compared to the simple-action group. Groups did not differ in their response inhibition for neutral stimuli (Experiment 1), while familiar go-signals had a detrimental effect on response inhibition (Experiment 2). LIMITATIONS Our results examine the association between checking and response inhibition in healthy participants without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and dyslexia. Replication with clinical samples awaits future studies. CONCLUSIONS Repeated checking impairs memory confidence. Increased familiarity of stimuli shortens the time it takes to respond to them while it impairs inhibition response to them. These effects possibly provide initial evidence for the hypothesized role of response inhibition in the maintenance of OCD.
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Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-related abnormalities in white matter connectivity in OCD for a core region associated with inhibitory control [i.e. inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)]. Fifteen patients with OCD (11 men) and 15 healthy controls (nine men) underwent diffusion tensor imaging scanning to study four diffusivity indexes of white matter integrity [fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity (RD)]. The results showed that persons with OCD manifested significantly lower fractional anisotropy levels in the bilateral IFG as well as its parcellations in the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis. Significantly higher levels of MD, RD were evident for the OCD group in the IFG as a whole as well as in the bilateral subregions of the pars triangularis and pars opercularis (for MD and RD), the right side of the pars orbitalis (for RD), and the left side of the pars triangularis and right side pars opercularis (for axial diffusivity). Overall, the results suggest significant alterations in structural connectivity, probably associated with myelination and axonal abnormalities in the IFG of OCD patients.
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17
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Abramovitch A, Abramowitz JS. Improbability of response inhibition as a causal etiological factor of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 217:253-4. [PMID: 24835846 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitai Abramovitch
- OCD and Related Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Abramowitz
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Harsányi A, Csigó K, Rajkai C, Demeter G, Pajkossy P, Németh A, Racsmány M. The probability of association between response inhibition and compulsive symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder: response to Abramovitch and Abramowitz. Psychiatry Res 2014; 217:255-6. [PMID: 24726816 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- András Harsányi
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, II Psychiatric Department, Lehel út 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Csigó
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, II Psychiatric Department, Lehel út 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Rajkai
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, II Psychiatric Department, Lehel út 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Demeter
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Stoczek utca 2, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Pajkossy
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Stoczek utca 2, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Németh
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, II Psychiatric Department, Lehel út 59, 1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Stoczek utca 2, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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