1
|
Li Y, Yuan H, Liu X, Su L, Yang C, Chen C, Li C. Impaired olfactory function in bipolar disorder patients during acute episodes regardless of psychotic symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1284567. [PMID: 37965355 PMCID: PMC10642755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1284567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to analyze whether the presence of psychotic symptoms affects olfactory function in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). We also compared olfactory function between the period of episode and remission in patients with BD. Methods BD patients in the acute phase were tracked to the remission stage. The psychiatric symptoms and social function of the enrolled subjects were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment Function (GAF). Olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks test. Differences in OS and OI among the episodic group, the euthymic group, and the healthy control (HC) group were compared. According to whether BD is accompanied by psychotic symptoms, the OS and OI in the BD with psychotic symptoms group (P-BD), the BD without psychotic symptoms group (NP-BD), and the HC group were compared. Results The P-BD and NP-BD groups exhibited impaired OI compared with the HC group, but there was no significant difference in OI between the P-BD and NP-BD groups, or in OS among all three groups. All patients with episodic BD had significantly lower OS and OI compared with the HC group. OI in euthymic BD patients was still impaired; however, OS recovered, showing no significant difference compared with that in the HC group. Conclusion The results indicate that patients with episodic BD have impaired OS and OI, regardless of psychotic symptoms. OI may be a characteristic marker of BD, and OS may be a state marker that can be used to distinguish between episodic and euthymic BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li C, Hong L, Zou L, Zhu Y, Ye J, Wu F, Chen C. Variations in olfactory function among bipolar disorder patients with different episodes and subtypes. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1080622. [PMID: 37020734 PMCID: PMC10067908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1080622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Most studies on olfactory function in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have not distinguished between the different subtypes or between the acute phase (mania or depression) and euthymic state. In this study, we compared olfactory function among BD patients with different subtypes and episodes to explore the potential use of olfactory function as a biomarker for the early identification of BD. Patients and methods The study sample consisted of 117 BD patients who were hospitalized between April 2019 and June 2019, and 47 healthy volunteers as controls. The BD patients were divided into a bipolar I disorder (BD I) (n = 86) and bipolar II disorder (BD II) group (n = 31) according to the different subtypes, and divided into depressive BD (n = 36), manic BD (n = 44), or euthymic BD (n = 37) groups according to the types of episodes they experienced. We assessed olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) via the Sniffin' Sticks test and used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS) to evaluate BD characteristics among all subjects. Results Compared with controls, the participants with BD showed decreased OS and OI. We found statistically significant differences in OS and OI between the BD I group and controls, as well as differences in OS between the BD I and BD II group. Least-significant difference multiple comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in OS between the depressive BD group, manic BD group and controls and also between the manic BD and euthymic BD group. OI was positively correlated with the YMRS score in the BD I group and OS was negatively correlated with the HAMD score in the BD II group. Conclusion This may be the first study to compare olfactory function in patients with BD I vs. BD II via pairwise comparisons. Our findings suggest that OS may have potential as a biomarker for distinguishing the different subtypes of BD and as a state-related biomarker for differentiating the acute phase from the euthymic state of BD. However, further prospective research is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde Wu Zhongpei Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Chunyang Li,
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde Wu Zhongpei Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Laiquan Zou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde Wu Zhongpei Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde Wu Zhongpei Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenlan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde Wu Zhongpei Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shunde Wu Zhongpei Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Chao Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li SB, Li ZT, Lyu ZH, Zhang XY, Zou LQ. Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:71-80. [PMID: 33726558 DOI: 10.1177/0004867421998774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Olfactory deficits have been reported in bipolar disorder, but this finding is controversial. This study investigated whether olfactory deficit can serve as a specific marker for bipolar disorder by comparing olfactory function in different mood episodes of bipolar disorder. We also compared olfactory function in bipolar disorder and other mental disorders - namely, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. METHODS The study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 enrolled 175 bipolar disorder patients (70 depressed subgroup, 70 manic subgroup and 35 euthymic subgroup) and 47 controls. Experiment 2 enrolled the participants from Experiment 1, along with 85 major depressive disorder and 90 schizophrenia patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test was used to evaluate odour identification ability and odour threshold (as a measure of odour sensitivity). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms in all subjects and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder patients, respectively. We also used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to assess clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients. RESULTS All three bipolar disorder patient subgroups (depressed, manic and euthymic subgroup) showed reduced odour identification ability compared to controls; however, only patients in the acute phase of a mood episode (depressed, and manic subgroup) showed impaired odour sensitivity. Clinical symptoms were negatively correlated with odour sensitivity but not odour identification ability. Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder patients showed less odour identification and sensitivity impairment than schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSION Odour sensitivity is a potential dopaminergic marker for distinguishing between bipolar disorder patients in acute phase vs remission, while odour identification is a trait but a nonspecific marker of bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bin Li
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Tian Li
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Lyu
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Zhang
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lai-Quan Zou
- Chemical Senses and Mental Health Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen B, Zhong X, Zhang M, Mai N, Wu Z, Chen X, Peng Q, Zhou H, Wang Q, Yang M, Zhang S, Auber LA, Croy I, Hummel T, Ning Y. The additive effect of late-life depression and olfactory dysfunction on the risk of dementia was mediated by hypersynchronization of the hippocampus/fusiform gyrus. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:172. [PMID: 33731679 PMCID: PMC7969612 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of patients with late-life depression (LLD) with a high risk of developing dementia contributes to early intervention. Odor identification (OI) dysfunction serves as a marker for predicting dementia, but whether OI dysfunction increases the risk of dementia in LLD patients remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the interactive effect of LLD and OI dysfunction on the risk of dementia and its underlying neuroimaging changes. One hundred and fifty-seven LLD patients and 101 normal controls were recruited, and data on their OI, cognition, activity of daily living (ADL), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected. Two × two factorial analyses were used to analyze the interactive effects of LLD and OI dysfunction on neuropsychological and neuroimaging abnormalities. Mediation analyses were used to explore whether abnormalities detected by neuroimaging mediated the the associations between OI and cognition/ADL. The results suggested that LLD and OI dysfunction exhibited additive effects on reduced ADL, global cognition and memory scores, as well as neuroimaging variables including (i) increased fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right precentral cortex, and (ii) increased regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus, etc. In addition, these increased fALFF and ReHo values were associated with reduced neuropsychological scores (ADL, global cognition, memory, and language). Moreover, ReHo of the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus completely mediated the relationship between OI and ADL, and partially mediated the relationship between OI and global cognition. Overall, mediated by the hypersynchronization of the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus, OI dysfunction may increase the risk of dementia in LLD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naikeng Mai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinru Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lavinia Alberi Auber
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Integrative Center of Human Health, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- The first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carnemolla SE, Hsieh JW, Sipione R, Landis BN, Kumfor F, Piguet O, Manuel AL. Olfactory dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:588-611. [PMID: 32818582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Diagnosis of FTD, especially the behavioural variant, is challenging because of symptomatic overlap with psychiatric disorders (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Olfactory dysfunction is common in both FTD and psychiatric disorders, and often appears years before symptom onset. This systematic review analysed 74 studies on olfactory function in FTD, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to identify differences in olfactory dysfunction profiles, focusing on the most common smell measures: odour identification and discrimination. Results revealed that FTD patients were severely impaired in odour identification but not discrimination; in contrast, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia showed impairments in both measures, while those diagnosed with depression showed no olfactory impairments. Findings in bipolar disorder were mixed. Therefore, testing odour identification and discrimination differentiates FTD from depression and schizophrenia, but not from bipolar disorder. Given the high prevalence of odour identification impairments in FTD, and that smell dysfunction predicts neurodegeneration in other diseases, olfactory testing seems a promising avenue towards improving diagnosis between FTD and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Wen Hsieh
- Rhinology -Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; Laboratory of Inner ear and Olfaction, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Sipione
- Laboratory of Inner ear and Olfaction, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Basile N Landis
- Rhinology -Olfactology Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; Laboratory of Inner ear and Olfaction, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Kumfor
- The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aurélie L Manuel
- The University of Sydney, Brain & Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|