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Auditory event-related electroencephalographic potentials in borderline personality disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:454-464. [PMID: 34600969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by mood dysregulation, impulsivity, identity disturbances, and a higher risk for suicide. Currently, the diagnosis is solely based on clinical observation of overt symptoms, and this can delay the detection of the disease and the timely start of appropriate treatment. Several candidate clinical tools have been studied to better characterize BPD, including event-related potentials (ERP). This review aimed at summarizing the results of the available ERP studies on BPD to clarify the possible application of this technique in the early diagnosis of BPD. METHODS A bibliographic search on PubMed and PsycInfo was performed in order to identify studies comprising individuals with BPD diagnosis and a control group that evaluated the ERP elicited by auditory stimuli. RESULTS Ten studies that explored various ERP components associated with auditory stimuli in BPD were included. Overall, the results showed that positive ERP (P50, P100, and P300) amplitude and latencies as well as loudness dependance were altered in BPD patients compared to controls, possibly reflecting deficits involving attention, mainly at its early stage, and executive functions. LIMITATIONS The reviewed studies used different ERP approaches and non-homogeneous BPD diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS Auditory ERP appear to be a promising tool for the assessment of BPD patients, especially for early diagnosis and evaluation of cognitive symptoms.
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Belohradova Minarikova K, Prasko J, Holubova M, Vanek J, Kantor K, Slepecky M, Latalova K, Ociskova M. Hallucinations and Other Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:787-799. [PMID: 35422622 PMCID: PMC9005124 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s360013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms in BPD are not uncommon, and they are diverse and phenomenologically similar to those in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Despite their prevalence in BPD patients, knowledge about the characteristics and severity of hallucinations is limited, especially in modalities other than auditory. AIM This review summarises the causes, phenomenology, severity, and treatment options of hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms in BPD. METHODS The PubMed database was used with the following key terms: "borderline personality disorder" and 'hallucinations' and "psychotic symptoms". Articles were selected between January 1990 and May 2021. The primary keyword search yielded a total of 545 papers, of which 102 articles met the inclusion criteria and were fully screened. Papers from the primary source reference lists were also screened, assessed for eligibility, and then added to the primary documents where appropriate (n = 143). After the relevance assessment, 102 papers were included in the review. We included adult and adolescent studies to gather more recent reviews on this topic. RESULTS Hallucinations are significantly prevalent in BPD, mainly auditory, similar to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The relationship between hallucinations and depression, anxiety, suicidality, schizotypy, and loneliness in BPD has been discovered but requires more research. Studies for treatment options for hallucinations in BPD are lacking. CONCLUSION Recognition of psychotic symptoms in patients with BPD as distinguished psychopathological phenomena instead of diminishing and overlooking them is essential in the clinical assessment and can be useful in predicting complications during treatment. More focused research in this area is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Belohradova Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic.,Institute for Postgraduate Education in Health Care, Prague, The Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Jessenia, a.s., Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, AKESO Holding, Beroun, The Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, The Czech Republic.,Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and education, Technical University, Liberec, The Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
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Cavelti M, Thompson K, Chanen AM, Kaess M. Psychotic symptoms in borderline personality disorder: developmental aspects. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 37:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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