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Prasko J, Ociskova M, Burkauskas J, Vanek J, Krone I, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Abeltina M, Holomany J, Slepecky M, Juskiene A. The river of life method in a schema therapy groups. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2024; 45:55-68. [PMID: 38295428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Schema therapy is an integrative approach to treat patients with personality disorders and other complex psychological problems. Group schema therapy has been developed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of schema therapy by providing a supportive and stimulating environment for change. This article introduces the River of Life Method, a novel technique for facilitating group schema therapy, based on the metaphor of a river of life. The method helps patients to identify and modify their maladaptive schemas and modes in a nurturing process in the group. The article describes the theoretical background, the practical steps, and the clinical applications of the method. It also presents the patients' experience with the method, based on their feedback and self-reports. The results showed that the method was well received by both patients and therapists, and that it had positive effects on schema modes, psychological distress, and coping with adversities and hope for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Jelena Holomany
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Prasko J, Abeltina M, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Burkauskas J, Krone I, Jurisova E, Zatkova M, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Ociskova M. Exploring self-care within the context of cognitive behavioural therapy and supervision. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2024; 45:7-21. [PMID: 38295424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This article emphasizes the critical role of self-care in the professional lives of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) therapists and supervisors. It delves into the importance of self-care, elucidating its significance in maintaining therapists' mental health and effectiveness. The article presents a range of practical strategies that promote self-care, providing therapists and supervisors with specific steps to incorporate self-care into their daily routines. Moreover, the article explores common challenges and barriers to self-care, such as a lack of time, feelings of guilt associated with prioritizing one's needs, and a lack of available resources for self-care. The article aims to deepen our understanding of the complexities of practising self-care by shedding light on possible obstacles. In addition, the article includes case vignettes that demonstrate tangible examples of the positive impact of self-care on therapists' mental health and effectiveness. The overarching goal of this article is to encourage ongoing discussion and research on self-care. It advocates a greater emphasis on self-care in CBT and CBT supervision (CBTS), intending to promote the health and well-being of those who dedicate their lives to caring for others. The insights and strategies presented in this article serve as a resource for therapists and supervisors striving to achieve a balanced lifestyle while effectively catering to the needs of their clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga, Latvia
| | - Erika Jurisova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
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Ociskova M, Prasko J, Holubova M, Latalova K, Sollar T, Zatkova M, Slepecky M, Bocek J. Self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia: Impact and management. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:368-383. [PMID: 37776554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prejudices against individuals with schizophrenia can interfere with diagnostic and treatment processes, particularly with the patient's further adaptation and reintegration. Self-stigma could have significant detrimental consequences for patients suffering from psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. METHOD This paper reviews findings about self-stigma connected to schizophrenia. The PubMed database used the keywords to find the papers published from January 1997 to March 2023, and 189 articles were included in the review process. RESULTS The schizophrenia-related stigma decreases patients' self-confidence, worsens their social functioning, and impedes daily functioning. Feelings of embarrassment are prominent in many patients with schizophrenia. Self-stigma predicts many unfavourable outcomes - more severe social anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower self-confidence, hopelessness, worse social functioning, lower quality of life, worse treatment cooperation, and lower adherence to medication adherence. Addressing self-stigma in psychoeducation or psychotherapy may increase the patient's stigma resistance and well-being. Self-help groups present an underutilised but potentially effective strategy. CONCLUSION Stigma presents a common issue in patients with schizophrenia. Targeting the issue in clinical management or psychotherapy may be beneficial. Still, more high-quality intervention studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Institute for Postgraduate Education in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jonas Bocek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Ociskova M, Prasko J, Hodny F, Holubova M, Vanek J, Minarikova K, Nesnidal V, Sollar T, Slepecky M, Kantor K. Black & white relations: Intimate relationships of patients with borderline personality disorder. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:321-331. [PMID: 37524321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from an excessive fear of abandonment, leading to tense moments in their intimate relationships. These struggles translate into lower marital satisfaction perceived by both intimate partners. However, this connection is bidirectional, since conflicts with a romantic partner are the most common precipitating factors of decompensation in BPD patients. METHOD This narrative review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with keywords "borderline personality disorder", "partnership", marital problems", and "marital conflicts". Articles, books, and book chapters published within January 1980 - December 2020 were extracted and analysed. Additional sources were found while reviewing references of relevant articles. The total of 131 papers met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Patients with BPD struggle with reaching marital satisfaction. They often find themselves in disharmonic and unfulfilling relationships. The association between the relationship issues and BPD may partly come from misunderstanding one or both partners' behaviour. Individuals with BPD tend to misinterpret their partner's behaviour, struggle with communication, and sometimes be verbally and physically aggressive. They often do not recognize that their intrapersonal processes influence their interpersonal struggles. Understanding the role of the maladaptive personality traits in the relationship and their management could be beneficial for both partners. CONCLUSION Individuals with BPD often report dysfunctional romantic relationships characterized by insecure attachment, maladaptive communication, and lower relationship satisfaction. Future studies should focus on finding effective strategies of couples´ therapy working with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc., Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc., Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and education, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Hospital Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Ociskova M, Prasko J, Vanek J, Nesnidal V, Sollar T, Slepecky M. Stigma and self-stigma in borderline personality disorder: A narrative review. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:206-215. [PMID: 37466060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Borderline personality disorder (BPD) presents a highly stigmatised condition. Individuals with BPD may experience stigmatising attitudes and remarks from the general population and mental health professionals. Significant self-stigma also seems common. The paper reviews the current knowledge regarding the stigma connected to BPD. METHOD The Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases identified studies published from January 1990 to January 2023. Additional references were found using analyses of the primary articles. The search terms included "borderline", "stigma", and "self-stigma". RESULTS Public knowledge of BPD is scarce. The general population may interpret the BPD symptoms as "purposeful misbehaviour" rather than signs of a mental disorder. Mental health professionals commonly distance themselves from patients with BPD and may prematurely give up their treatment efforts. This stance often comes from believing BPD is difficult or impossible to treat. Therefore, treating patients with a personality disorder should be consulted with a supervisor, especially when the psychotherapist shows a negative attitude towards the patient. Generally, few BPD-specific destigmatisation interventions have been verified by research. Limited evidence suggests that targeted training of the healthcare providers can reduce stigmatising attitudes and that interventions combining positive messages of the recovery potential with biological aetiology of the disorder are most impactful in reducing the stigma. CONCLUSION BPD is commonly stigmatised by the general population and mental health professionals. Destigmatising efforts need to tackle the stigma's primary sources, namely the general population's lack of understanding and the pessimistic beliefs in the healthcare providers. More BPD-specific research on stigma is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Rehabilitation Hospital Jessenia Inc, Akeso Holding, Mindwalk, s.r.o., Beroun, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Rehabilitation Hospital Jessenia Inc, Akeso Holding, Mindwalk, s.r.o., Beroun, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Prasko J, Abeltina M, Krone I, Gecaite-Stonciene J, Vanek J, Burkauskas J, Liska R, Sollar T, Juskiene A, Slepecky M, Bagdonaviciene L, Ociskova M. Problems in Cognitive-Behavioral Supervision: Theoretical Background and Clinical Application. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:234-255. [PMID: 37466063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioural therapists and trainees are encouraged to undergo supervision when offering therapy to troubled clients and to process personal attitudes and events likely to affect their therapeutic work. We discuss common problems in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) supervision, which may arise at the client, supervisee, or supervisor level. These issues include difficulties with case formulation, therapeutic strategies, and the therapeutic relationship. A supervisor can help their supervisee deal with clients with multifaceted or particularly challenging problems, such as difficulties with compliance, complex psychosocial problems, or chronic mental disorders. We also discuss matters related to the supervision process, the supervisor's role, different supervisory styles, and issues affecting a supervisee's feelings of vulnerability and shame. Furthermore, we analyze distinct supervision styles and potential problems arising from the supervision of experienced CBT therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWELL, s.r.o., Czech Republic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Department of Health Psychology and Pedagogy, Riga, Latvia
| | - Julija Gecaite-Stonciene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas. Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas. Lithuania
| | - Roman Liska
- Department of Andragogy and Education Management, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas. Lithuania
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Prasko J, Ociskova M, Abeltina M, Krone I, Kantor K, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Minarikova K, Mozny P, Piliarova M, Bite I. The importance of self-experience and self-reflection in training of cognitive behavioral therapy. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:152-163. [PMID: 37392442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Self-awareness can be characterised as impartial, non-judgmental thoughtful attention towards the self. Self-reflection in therapy is when a therapist reviews their experiences, thoughts, and behaviours concerning therapy and changes them as needed to enhance the therapeutic process. Therapists with good quality self-reflection can make more effective and ethical decisions, differentiate their own needs from clients', understand transference and countertransference, and consider the optimal response during a session. Practising the CBT approach and reflecting on one's own experiences can be essential for successful therapeutic development. Furthermore, self-reflection forms the basis of a fruitful therapeutic relationship and the therapist's self-confidence and sense of competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., the Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., the Czech Republic
| | | | - Ilona Krone
- Rigas Stradins University, Riga`s Psychiatry and Narcology centre, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mozny
- Psychiatric Hospital, Kromeriz, the Czech Republic
| | | | - Ieva Bite
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
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Prasko J, Vanek J, Ociskova M, Krone I, Slepecky M, Abeltina M, Burkauskas J, Grambal A, Bagdonaviciene L. Role-playing in cognitive behavioral supervision. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:74-85. [PMID: 37182229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Role-play helps the supervisor present a moment of therapy, and reflect on what has happened to the therapist to the patient and further model the therapeutic skills. Usually, the supervisor or other supervisees (in group supervision) play the patient, and the therapist plays a significant moment in the psychotherapeutic session. Supervisors or supervisees in group supervision can play the patient in different situations, and can also reverse roles when the therapist plays their patient, and the supervisor plays the therapist. Before role-playing, there is a need to set a specific goal. Playing roles in supervision can focus on (a) conceptualizing the case; (b) assessing and optimizing therapeutic strategies; (c) a better understanding of the therapeutic relationship. A specific goal needs to be set before role-playing. The technique can focus on (a) case conceptualization; (b) assessment and optimization therapeutic strategies; (c) a better understanding of the therapeutic relationship. A variety of approaches can be used for role-playings, such as pattern learning, modelling, chaining, encouragement and feedback, or psychodrama techniques such as monologue, an empty chair, role change, alter-ego, using multiple chairs or toys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWELL, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWELL, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Krone
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marija Abeltina
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | - Aleš Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Prasko J, Burkauskas J, Belohradova K, Kantor K, Vanek J, Abeltina M, Juskiene A, Slepecky M, Ociskova M. Ethical reflection in cognitive behavioral therapy and supervision: Theory and practice. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:11-25. [PMID: 36931223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Ethical reflection is a process that comes from the deeper attitudes and values of the therapist and supervisor. The capability to recognize one's perspectives and ethical dimensions and how they affect own practice is one of the crucial tasks of a responsible therapist. Attitudes and values of an individual or a group may significantly influence the therapeutic process and a choice of strategies and behaviour towards the patient, often working at an unconscious, unreflected levels. Ethics is closely connected with psychotherapeutic treatment. Basic principles, such as expediency, honesty, integrity, justice, and respect, apply to all people equally, including psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and supervisors. The goal of supervision is to cultivate the therapeutic process in the client's best interest. The supervisor-supervisee relationship is then grounded on principles similar to those in the therapeutic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kamila Belohradova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, MINDWALK, s.r.o., Czech Republic
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Hodny F, Ociskova M, Prasko J, Houdkova M, Vanek J, Sollar T, Visnovsky J, Slepecky M, Nesnídal V, Latalova K, Kolek A, Bocek J. Early life experiences and adult attachment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Part 1: Relationships between demographic, clinical, and psychological factors in pharmacoresistant OCD. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2022; 43:333-344. [PMID: 36716391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been connected to various psychosocial factors that might influence its onset and course. Developmental factors, such as parenting styles or early adverse experiences, and adult attachment have been listed as examples. However, the research on the interconnections of these factors brought mixed results. The study explores the relationship between demographic, clinical, and selected psychosocial factors and the severity of adult OCD. METHOD Eighty-seven pharmacoresistant inpatients with OCD were admitted between October 2019 and August 2022 for a 6-week cognitive behavioural therapy inpatient program in the psychotherapeutic department. The participants completed the following scales at the start of the hospitalisation: the self-report Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS-SR), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument), ECR-R (Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised), and a demographic questionnaire. A skilled psychologist administered Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to confirm the OCD diagnosis and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). RESULTS OCD patients with more severe adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) showed earlier onset of the disorder and more pronounced attachment anxiety, depressive symptoms, and dissociation and subjectively rated the severity of the disorder as more severe. Physical abuse and physical neglect were related to the severity of specific OCD symptoms. Maternal care negatively correlates with clinician-rated anxiety, patient-rated depressive symptoms, and dissociation. The maternal and paternal control positively correlated with patient-rated anxiety and depression. Attachment anxiety negatively correlated with the age of onset and positively with the severity of the clinician-rated anxiety and the patient-rated anxiety, depressive symptoms, and dissociation. CONCLUSIONS Early adverse experiences, perceived parental styles, and adult attachment anxiety could play a significant role in the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and dissociation. The connection with the specific obsessive-compulsive symptoms is less apparent. Still, adverse childhood events and adult attachment anxiety seem to influence the age of OCD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Houdkova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Visnovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Vlastimil Nesnídal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Bocek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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11
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Prasko J, Krone I, Burkauskas J, Vanek J, Abeltina M, Juskiene A, Sollar T, Bite I, Slepecky M, Ociskova M. Homework in Cognitive Behavioral Supervision: Theoretical Background and Clinical Application. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3809-3824. [PMID: 36578283 PMCID: PMC9792257 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s382246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The homework aims to generalize the patient's knowledge and encourage practicing skills learned during therapy sessions. Encouraging and facilitating homework is an important part of supervisees in their supervision, and problems with using homework in therapy are a common supervision agenda. Supervisees are encouraged to conceptualize the patient's lack of homework and promote awareness of their own beliefs and responses to non-cooperation. The supervision focuses on homework twice - first as a part of the supervised therapy and second as a part of the supervision itself. Homework assigned in supervision usually deals with mapping problems, monitoring certain behaviors (mostly communication with the patient), or implementing new behaviors in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic,Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, The Czech Republic,Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, Beroun, The Czech Republic,Correspondence: Jan Prasko, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital, I. P. Pavlova 6, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic, Tel +420 603 414 930, Email
| | | | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Marija Abeltina
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Ieva Bite
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic,Jessenia Inc. - Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, Akeso Holding, Beroun, The Czech Republic
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12
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Prasko J, Ociskova M, Vanek J, Burkauskas J, Slepecky M, Bite I, Krone I, Sollar T, Juskiene A. Managing Transference and Countertransference in Cognitive Behavioral Supervision: Theoretical Framework and Clinical Application. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:2129-2155. [PMID: 35990755 PMCID: PMC9384966 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s369294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional patterns, beliefs, and assumptions that affect a patient’s perception of other people often affect their perceptions and behaviours towards the therapist. This tendency has been traditionally called transference for its psychoanalytical roots and presents an important factor to monitor and process. In supervision, it is important to put the patient’s transference in the context of the conceptualization of the case. Countertransference occurs when the therapist responds complementary to the patient’s transference based on their own dysfunctional beliefs or assumptions. Transference and countertransference provide useful insights into the inner world of the patient, therapist, and supervisor. Guided discovery is one of the most common approaches used by a supervisor and a supervisee to map all types and directions of transference and countertransference. Other options to map transference and countertransference are imagery and role-playing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, Czech Republic.,Rehabilitation Hospital Jessenia Inc, Akeso Holding, Beroun, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ieva Bite
- University of Latvia, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga's Stradins University, Latvian Association of CBT, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Alicja Juskiene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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13
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Ociskova M, Prasko J, Kantor K, Hodny F, Kasyanik P, Holubova M, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Nesnidal V, Minarikova Belohradova K. Schema Therapy for Patients with Bipolar Disorder: Theoretical Framework and Application. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:29-46. [PMID: 35023920 PMCID: PMC8747790 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s344356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mood disorder characterized by episodes of depression and hypomania or mania. Despite its primarily biological roots, the onset and course of the disorder have also been related to psychosocial factors such as early adverse experiences and related maladaptive schemas. Several researchers proposed a schema therapeutic model to treat patients with BD. In this paper, we further develop the theoretical model and elaborate on seven elements that were found effective in the psychosocial interventions with individuals with BD: monitoring mood and early symptoms of relapse, recognizing and management of stressful situations and interpersonal conflicts, creating a relapse prevention plan, stabilizing the sleep/wake cycle and daily routine, encouraging the use of medication, and reducing self-stigma and substance use. Apart from that, we describe the elements of the schema work with patients who suffer from BD. Illustrative clinical cases accompany the theoretical framework. The research of the schema therapy with patients with severe mental illnesses has only recently started developing. The presented paper also aims to encourage further research in this area and highlight potentially beneficial research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Department of Psychotherapy, Institute for Postgraduate Training in Health Care, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | | | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, The Czech Republic.,Department of Psychiatry, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, The Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova Belohradova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
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14
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Belohradova Minarikova K, Prasko J, Holubova M, Vanek J, Kantor K, Slepecky M, Latalova K, Ociskova M. Hallucinations and Other Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:787-799. [PMID: 35422622 PMCID: PMC9005124 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s360013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic symptoms in BPD are not uncommon, and they are diverse and phenomenologically similar to those in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Despite their prevalence in BPD patients, knowledge about the characteristics and severity of hallucinations is limited, especially in modalities other than auditory. AIM This review summarises the causes, phenomenology, severity, and treatment options of hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms in BPD. METHODS The PubMed database was used with the following key terms: "borderline personality disorder" and 'hallucinations' and "psychotic symptoms". Articles were selected between January 1990 and May 2021. The primary keyword search yielded a total of 545 papers, of which 102 articles met the inclusion criteria and were fully screened. Papers from the primary source reference lists were also screened, assessed for eligibility, and then added to the primary documents where appropriate (n = 143). After the relevance assessment, 102 papers were included in the review. We included adult and adolescent studies to gather more recent reviews on this topic. RESULTS Hallucinations are significantly prevalent in BPD, mainly auditory, similar to schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The relationship between hallucinations and depression, anxiety, suicidality, schizotypy, and loneliness in BPD has been discovered but requires more research. Studies for treatment options for hallucinations in BPD are lacking. CONCLUSION Recognition of psychotic symptoms in patients with BPD as distinguished psychopathological phenomena instead of diminishing and overlooking them is essential in the clinical assessment and can be useful in predicting complications during treatment. More focused research in this area is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Belohradova Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic.,Institute for Postgraduate Education in Health Care, Prague, The Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Jessenia, a.s., Rehabilitation Hospital Beroun, AKESO Holding, Beroun, The Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, The Czech Republic.,Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Humanities and education, Technical University, Liberec, The Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, University Hospital, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
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15
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Vanek J, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Genzor S, Holubova M, Slepecky M, Nesnidal V, Koncelikova D, Minarikova K, Kantor K. Nightmares in obstructive sleep apnoea. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021; 42:245-256. [PMID: 34436845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive events in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) cause recurrent sleep fragmentation and occasional desaturation, which can cause various parasomnias, including nightmares. Several lines of evidence suggest that OSA may be potentially associated with a higher frequency of nightmares. METHOD We searched for studies published from January 2000 until November 2020 in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The keywords Obstructive Sleep Apnoea / OSA / Nightmares / CPAP / PTSD / Sleep Quality / Dream / were used in various combinations. The literature search identified 1361 articles which were eligible to more careful examination. Secondary texts were also examined, evaluated for suitability, and added to the primary document list. Finally, a total of 168 articles were included in the review. RESULTS According to current findings, OSA could affect emotional regulation via activation of limbic system during sympathetic activation and suppression of REM sleep essential to emotional regulation. The reviews also found an increased prevalence of nightmares in OSA patients. OSA is significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity, as was proved in several studies. There seems to be a strong link between nightmares, OSA, PTSD symptoms and other disorder such as unipolar depression. CONCLUSIONS It is clear that therapy of OSA patients, especially those with psychiatric comorbidity, must be complex. In the case of nightmares, we should not forget to use psychotherapy as a first choice, particularly in patients with poor compliance to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and poor sleep and overall life quality. In the same time, we should emphasise the healthy lifestyle and sleep hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Genzor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Koncelikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Hodny F, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Nesnidal V. Self-stigma, severity of psychopatology, dissociation, parental style and comorbid personality disorder in patient with neurotic spectrum disorders Part 2: Therapeutic efficacy of intensive psychotherapeutic inpatients program. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021; 42:185-199. [PMID: 34279862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in patients with neurotic spectrum disorders may be related with predictive factors such as the severity of the disorder, diagnosis, self-stigma level, personality characteristics, comorbidity with depression and personality disorder, dissociation, and traumatic childhood experience. This study focuses on finding factors related to the effect of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in patients with neurotic spectrum disorders. METHOD The study was conducted at the Psychotherapeutic ward of the Psychiatric Department in Regional Hospital Liberec from October 2015 to March 2019. The assessment method used at the beginning was the objective and subjective Clinical global impression (objCGI, subjCGI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Parental Bonding Style (PBI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The 6-week therapeutic program combines group dynamic psychotherapy (4 times a week for 1.5 hours), pharmacotherapy and other therapeutic activities. The primary criterium of therapeutic outcome was the change in objCGI severity, and the secondary criteria were changes in subjCGI, BAI and BDI-II. RESULTS A total of 96 hospitalized patients with neurotic spectrum disorder diagnosed according to ICD-10, confirmed with the MINI (MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) were included in the study and filled out the questionnaires' battery. There was a statistically significant decrease in the anxiety and depression symptoms and an overall decrease in the disorder's severity during the treatment. At the beginning of the treatment, a higher self-stigma rate was associated with a smaller decrease in anxiety symptoms (BAI) and depression (BDI-II). However, self-stigma is not a factor associated with the change in primary outcome criteria (objCGI change). Initial assessment of objective severity of the disorder (objCGI) and personality factor Novelty Seeking predict the change in objCGI severity. CONCLUSIONS Self-stigma predicted the change in anxiety and depressive symptom but not the change of the disorder's global severity in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy of patients with a neurotic spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
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17
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Vanek J, Hodny F, Nesnidal V, Kasalova P, Slepecky M, Kolek A. Self-stigma, severity of psychopatology, dissociation, parental style and comorbid personality disorder in patient with neurotic spectrum disorders Part 1: Relationships between self-stigma and clinical, psychosocial and demograph. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2021; 42:99-112. [PMID: 34217167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-stigma represents a process of accepting negative social prejudices with a consequent negative impact on many areas of the patient's life (self-concept, social and work functioning, relationships, cooperation in treatment, quality of life, willingness to strive for something). The study was aimed to examine the level of self-stigma and other significant variables potentially related to self-stigma (personality characteristics, childhood traumatisation, anxiety, depression, personality disorder, dissociation, parental styles, attachment). METHOD The study was conducted at the Psychotherapeutic section of the Psychiatric Department in Regional Hospital Liberec from October 2015 to March 2019. A total of 96 hospitalised patients with neurotic spectrum disorders diagnosed by an experienced psychiatrist according to ICD-10 (panic disorder and/or agoraphobia, social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder, mixed anxiety depressive disorder, somatoform disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, adjustment disorders) were included into the study and filled in the test battery. RESULTS The main finding is that self-stigma is related to the severity of the disorder, anxiety and depression, social anxiety, the comorbid occurrence of other anxiety disorders or personality disorders, dissociation, personality temperamental traits Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence and Self-Directedness. We have not established a connection between attachment in close relationships and self-stigma. The most important predictors of self-stigma are the disorder's duration, reduced Self-Directedness, a higher rate of depression and social anxiety, which together explain 58% of severity if self-stigma. CONCLUSIONS Self-stigma is a contemporary topic in research and clinical practice. The results can be used as a basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies aimed at reducing self-stigma or for further research studies in the field of self-stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kasalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Antonín Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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18
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Vanek J, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Hodny F, Holubova M, Minarikova K, Slepecky M, Nesnidal V. Insomnia in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:239-250. [PMID: 33654445 PMCID: PMC7910080 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s295030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both sleep disorders and BPD are prevalent in the population, and one is often a comorbidity of the other. This narrative review aims to assess contemporary literature and scientific databases to provide the current state of knowledge about sleep disorders in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and clinical suggestions for managing sleep disorders in BPD patients and future research direction. METHODS Articles were acquired via PubMed and Web of Science, and papers published between January 1980 and October 2020 were extracted. Authors made a series of literature searches using the keywords: Sleep problems, Insomnia, Nightmares, Obstructive sleep apnea, Borderline personality disorder. The inclusion criteria were: published in peer-reviewed journals; studies in humans; or reviews on the related topic; English language. The exclusion criteria were: abstracts from conferences; commentaries; subjects younger than 18 years. After an inspection of the full texts, 42 papers from 101 were selected. Secondary documents from the reference lists of the primary designated papers were searched, assessed for suitability, and included. In total, 71 papers were included in the review process. RESULTS Sleep disturbance is common among patients with BPD. Nevertheless, the number of investigations is limited, and the prevalence differs between 5-45%. Studies assessing objective changes in sleep architecture in BPD show inconsistent results. Some of them identify REM sleep changes and a decrease in slow-wave sleep, while other studies found no objective sleep architecture changes. There is also a higher prevalence of nightmares in patients with BPD. Untreated insomnia can worsen BPD symptoms via interference with emotional regulation. BPD itself seems to influence the subjective quality of sleep significantly. Proper diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in patients with BPD could lead to better results in therapy. Psychotherapeutic approaches can improve both sleep disorders and BPD symptoms. CONCLUSION Recognising and managing sleep disorders in patients with BPD may help alleviate the disorder's symptoms. Treatment of people with BPD may be more effective if the treatment plan explicitly addresses sleep problems. Further research is needed to reach reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Institute for Postgraduate Education in Health Care, Prague, The Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, The Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
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Vanek J, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Genzor S, Holubova M, Hodny F, Nesnidal V, Slepecky M, Sova M, Minarikova K. Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Nonepileptic Seizures. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:209-218. [PMID: 33623462 PMCID: PMC7896787 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s289190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Up to 20% of patients treated for epileptic seizures experience psychogenic nonepileptic paroxysms (PNES). These patients present a significant burden for the health care systems because of poor treatment outcomes. The presented review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on sleep disturbances in patients with nonepileptic seizures. METHODS Articles were acquired via PubMed and Web of Science, and papers between January 1990 and March 2020 were extracted. Inclusion criteria were (1) published in a peer-reviewed journal: (2) studies in humans only; or (3) reviews on a related topic; (4) English language. The exclusion criteria were: (1) abstracts from conferences; (2) commentaries; (3) subjects younger than 18 years. From primary assessment, 122 articles were extracted; after obtaining full texts and secondary articles from reference lists, 45 papers were used in this review. RESULTS Limited data are available regarding sleep disorders in PNES patients, over the last 30 years only nine original research papers addressed sleep problems in patients with PNES with only six studies assessing objectively measured changes in sleep. Current literature supports the subjective perception of the sleep disturbances with mixed results in objective pathophysiological findings. Conflicting results regarding the REM phase can be found, and studies reported both shortening and prolonging of the REM phase with methodological limitations. Poor sleep quality and shortened duration have been consistently described in most of the studies. CONCLUSION Further research on a broader spectrum of patients with PNES is needed, primarily focusing on objective neurophysiological findings. Quality of life in patients suffering from PNES can be increased by good sleep habits and treatment of comorbid sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, University Palacky Olomouc, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, University Palacky Olomouc, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic.,Institute for Postgraduate Education in Health Care, Prague, The Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, University Palacky Olomouc, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Genzor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, The Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, University Palacky Olomouc, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Vlastmil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, University Palacky Olomouc, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Sova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, The Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, University Palacky Olomouc, Olomouc, 77520, The Czech Republic
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Vanek J, Prasko J, Genzor S, Ociskova M, Holubova M, Sova M, Kantor K, Slepecky M, Nesnidal V. Insomnia and emotion regulation. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2020; 41:255-269. [PMID: 33315339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia and affective disorders are among the most common and disabling health problems of our society. Although there seems to be a clear link between poor sleep and problems in emotional regulation, it is still an area with many remaining questions. While the cognitive and behavioural consequences of poor sleep and insomnia have been studied in depth in recent decades, emotional experience empirical findings in this area still need to be replicated and confirmed. METHOD Review article included studies published from January 1990 to March 2020 accessed via PubMed database. The keywords "Insomnia, Emotional regulation, Nightmares, Mental disorders, Sleep quality, Nightmares treatment" were used in various combinations. The total of 145 articles was found, and after their complete review, 42 papers were selected. Secondary texts from reference lists of primarily selected articles were examined and added to the primary document list. Finally, a total of 159 articles were included in the review. RESULTS Sleep is involved in emotion regulation both in the general population and individuals with various mental disorders. Several studies found that pre-sleep emotional activation of negative and positive emotions disturbs sleep by enhancing emotional excitement. On the other hand, many studies showed that poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation adversely affects the emotional functioning in adults. The results of the studies summarized in this review show that emotional regulation can mediate the effect of insomnia on various psychiatric disorders. Insomnia can be a significant risk factor that should be targeted in various psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION Targeted prevention of affective disorders in patients who have insomnia, as well as identification of transformation mechanisms, could be an advantageous approach to alleviating their burden. Complex treatment, including cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia, added to the primary treatment of these disorders, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Genzor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Milan Sova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kasalova P, Prasko J, Holubova M, Vanek J, Ociskova M, Minarikova K, Chupacova M, Kantor K, Kolek A, Sollár T, Nesnidal V, Zatkova M, Slepecky M, Barnard L. Marriage in a panic: Panic disorder and intimate relationships. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2020; 41:179-194. [PMID: 33307653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panic disorder and agoraphobia not only affect the patients themselves but also may have a detrimental effect on their intimate relationships. A problem arising in the intimate sphere could be a trigger, a modulator, a maintenance factor, or the result of the panic disorder and agoraphobia. The consequences of panic disorder include increased demands on the non-affected partner to adapt, which may prove to be too challenging for some to manage. Panic disorder and agoraphobia can also change earlier relationship patterns which may result in partnership dysfunction. This review explores the effect of panic disorder and agoraphobia upon partnership problems and satisfaction. METHOD Relevant studies were identified via PubMed and Web of Science, published between January 1970 and April 2020. The search terms included "panic disorder", "agoraphobia", "marital problems", "marital conflicts" and "marital adjustment". Further references were found in reviews, books, and book chapters of the relevant papers. A total of 1154 articles were nominated by primary assortment using the keywords in different combinations. After selecting according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, evaluating the complete texts and searching for secondary documents, 173 papers were finally chosen. RESULTS Problems in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of the panic disorder and agoraphobia and could also function as modulating and maintenance factors. Panic disorder and agoraphobia often have a negative influence on the relationship and the non-affected partner. Partnership problems can be both a precursor and a consequence of panic disorder and agoraphobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kasalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Regional Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Chupacova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Sollár
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lianne Barnard
- Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kasalova P, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Holubova M, Vanek J, Kantor K, Minarikova K, Hodny F, Slepecky M, Barnard L. Marriage under control: Obsessive compulsive disorder and partnership. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2020; 41:134-145. [PMID: 33201647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People who have an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to manifest a need for excessive control over their partners and other relatives, which then constitutes a principal problem in their relationships. This behaviour probably relates to an unmet need for safety in their childhood. This review article aims to explore the interpersonal dimension of OCD. METHOD Sources used in this review were acquired via PubMed from January 1990 to January 2020. The search terms included "obsessive compulsive disorder", "OCD", "marital problems", "marital conflicts", "marital attachment", and "partnership". Primary search with keywords in various combinations yielded 242 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 68 articles were found eligible for further research, and a secondary search was performed by screening their reference lists for relevant articles. In total, 124 papers were included in the review. RESULTS OCD patients often have interpersonal problems that are related to symptomatology and the excessive need for control over the relationship. The patient is often addicted to his/her loved ones and transmits his excessive concerns to them. The studies describe increased marital distress, less satisfaction with their partner and couples experiencing less intimacy. The communication style of people suffering from OCD often shows a tendency to control others extensively, which is probably related to their exaggerated need for safety. Individuals with preoccupied or avoidant attachment styles are more likely to become jealous and to consider any rival as threatening than those people who have a safe attachment style. CONCLUSION Participation of the partner in the therapy can have positive effects. Furthermore, family-based exposure and response prevention programs might be useful for reducing OCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kasalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Minarikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hodny
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lianne Barnard
- Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Prasko J, Dicevicius D, Ociskova M, Krone I, Slepecky M, Albertina M, Bagdonaviciene L, Juskiene A. Imagery in cognitive behavioral supervision. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2020; 41:33-45. [PMID: 32338851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the role of imagery in supervision which is a part of the work of both the supervisee and the supervisor. Imagination bears outstanding importance in psychotherapy and supervision. METHOD The relevant texts for this narrative review were identified through the Web of Science and PubMed databases, within the period 1990-2019. The search terms included: Supervision, Cognitive behavioural therapy, Imagination, Imagery, Imagery rescripting, Therapeutic relationship, Supervisory relationship. The report also includes information from the books referred to by the articles. The supervisory experiences of the authors were also incorporated. The theoretical part is supplemented with case vignettes of strategies using imagination in CBT supervision. RESULTS Working with imagery can be used in transformative experiential learning. It can help to better map the situation with the patient, including its emotional components and basic psychological needs, to realise how the therapeutic relationship is set up, as well as to rework own therapist attitudes, schemas and emotional - behavioural responses, and plan future steps in the therapy. Many therapy steps could be learned during imagery exercises. Imagery also helps to understand and regulate the supervisory relationship. CONCLUSION It is useful to integrate imagery to the supervision. Using imagery can help to understand the patient, the therapeutic relationship better, and to plan optimal therapeutic strategies, as well as reflect/self-reflect and train difficult skills which promote professional and personal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Krone
- Riga`s Psychiatry and Narcology centre, Latvian Association of CBT, Latvia
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Alicja Juskiene
- Behavioral Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Nursing, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
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Kolek A, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Holubova M, Vanek J, Grambal A, Slepecky M. Severity of panic disorder, adverse events in childhood, dissociation, self-stigma and comorbid personality disorders Part 2: Therapeutic effectiveness of a combined cognitive behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy in treatment-resistant inpatients. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2019; 40:271-283. [PMID: 32200586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A combination of antidepressants with the cognitive-behavioural therapy showed effectiveness in treatment-resistant patients with panic disorder. This prospective study intended to establish how childhood adverse experiences, self-stigma, dissociation, and severity of psychopathology influence the effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy in patients with treatment-resistant panic disorder. METHODS One hundred and ten patients were included into the study and one hundred five subjects finished the study. After admission, the subjects were assessed during the first two days of hospitalization. Rating scales were administered before the beginning of the cognitive behavioural therapy (measurement-1) and at the end of the treatment which was after six weeks (measurement-2). Patients with panic disorder were treated using a combination of group cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressants. The usual antidepressant dosage range was used. Before admission to intensive cognitive behavioural therapy program, the patients were unsuccessfully treated by antidepressants for minimum 3 months, which defined them as pharmacoresistant. RESULTS Hospitalized pharmacoresistant patients with panic disorder improved significantly throughout the 6-week intensive CBT program in all measurements that assessed the overall severity of the disorder, the degree of general anxiety and depression and the severity of specific symptoms of panic disorder and agoraphobia. The rate of improvement was negatively related to sexual abuse in childhood, presence of comorbid personality disorder, and positively with the severity of the disorder at the beginning, and the level of self-stigma at the beginning of treatment. Improvement in symptoms correlates significantly with decreasing of dissociation during the treatment.severity of depressive symptoms. The earlier development of the disorder is linked to higher score in childhood adverse events, higher level of dissociation and pathological dissociation, and higher level of self-stigma. CONCLUSIONS Our prospective study discovers importance of the role of adverse childhood experiences, self-stigma, dissociation and comorbid personality disorder in effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy treatment in patients with treatment-resistant panic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
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Kolek A, Prasko J, Vanek J, Kantor K, Holubova M, Slepecky M, Nesnidal V, Latalova K, Ociskova M, Grambal A. Severity of panic disorder, adverse events in childhood, dissociation, self-stigma and comorbid personality disorders Part 1: Relationships between clinical, psychosocial and demographic factors in pharmacoresistant panic disorder patients. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2019; 40:233-246. [PMID: 32112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the relation between severity of panic disorder, adverse events in childhood, dissociation, self-stigma and comorbid personality disorders. The aim of this study is to look for the intercorrelations between these factors. METHOD The study explores the relation between clinical, demographic and social factors in panic disorder using cross sectional design. The inpatients with pharmacoresistant panic disorder with and without agoraphobia were included in the study. Participants were also assessed for comorbidity with other anxiety or personality disorder. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and demographic data were used as measurement tools. RESULTS A total of 142 pharmacoresistant patients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia were admitted for 6-week cognitive behavioral therapy inpatient program in psychotherapeutic department between November 2015 and July 2019. One hundred and five inpatients (33 males and 72 females) with mean age 37.8 + 12.1 years were included in the study. Sixty-nine patients suffer from additional comorbid anxiety disorder and 43 had comorbid personality disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vlastimil Nesnidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Slepecky M, Kotianova A, Sollár T, Ociskova M, Turzakova J, Zatkova M, Popelkova M, Prasko J, Solgajová A, Romanova M, Trizna P. Internal consistency and factorial validity of the Slovak Version of the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3). Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2019; 40:141-148. [PMID: 31816218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Young schema questionnaire - short form (YSQ-S3) represents a useful method for the identification of early maladaptive schemas in clinical and non-clinical samples. The study aimed to examine the internal consistency and factorial structure of the recently adapted Slovak version of YSQ-S3 in a non-clinical sample. METHODS The sample consisted of 302 healthy participants from the general population in Slovakia. Slovak version of YSQ-S3 was used. Reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. RESULTS The results suggest an acceptable internal consistency of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of YSQ-S3 subscales ranged from 0.54 to 0.85. Confirmatory factor analysis supports the factor structures of 18 unifactorial EMSs. The results partially support Young's theoretical schema clusters and fail to support the second-order factor model. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the Slovak version of the YSQ-S3 is a psychometrically sound questionnaire that can be utilized for assessing EMS, both for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Antonia Kotianova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Sollár
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jana Turzakova
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marta Popelkova
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Solgajová
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martina Romanova
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Trizna
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
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Slepecky M, Kotianova A, Prasko J, Majercak I, Kotian M, Gyorgyova E, Zatkova M, Chupacova M, Ociskova M, Sollar T. Relation of personality factors and life events to waist/height ratio and percentage of visceral fat in women and men. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:499-511. [PMID: 31308771 PMCID: PMC6613611 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s214303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The investigation aimed to explore the association between personality traits, stressful life events, quality of life on anthropometric characteristics (waist/height ratio and percentage of visceral fat). METHOD A total of 227 participants took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, Type-D Scale (DS-14), EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and demographic questionnaire. Two anthropometric parameters were measured: Waist/height ratio and Percentage of the visceral fat. RESULTS The average age of participants was 39.6±12.9 years, 60.4% women. The 41.8% of participants were overweight or obese. Regression analysis found a significant link between Harm-avoidance and EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) with Waist/height ratio in women and Reward dependence and Cooperativeness with Waist/height ratio in men. In regression analysis, the score of life events (SRRS) has statistically significant linked to Percentage of the visceral fat in women. The regression analysis also found a significant link between Novelty seeking, DS14, Negative affectivity, and EQ-5D VAS with Percentage of the visceral fat in women. CONCLUSION Significant associations between live events, personality traits, and body anthropometric measures were recognized. The differences were recognized between women and men. Outcomes propose some promising tools by which personality factors may influence overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Antonia Kotianova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Majercak
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Josef Safarik University in Košice, Košice, The Slovak Republic.,Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Private practice MUDr Ivan Majercak, Košice, The Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Kotian
- Department of clinical psychology, Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas, 03101, The Slovak Republic
| | - Erika Gyorgyova
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Private practice MUDr Ivan Majercak, Košice, The Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Chupacova
- Department of clinical psychology, Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas, 03101, The Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc 77520, The Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Sollar
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic.,Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, The Slovak Republic
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Kantor K, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Vrbova K. Quality of life, self-stigma, and coping strategies in patients with neurotic spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:81-95. [PMID: 30787642 PMCID: PMC6363490 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s179838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modern psychiatry focuses on self-stigma, coping strategies, and quality of life (QoL). This study looked at relationships among severity of symptoms, self-stigma, demographics, coping strategies, and QoL in patients with neurotic spectrum disorders. Methods A total of 153 clinically stable participants who met criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, adjustment disorders, somatoform disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder were included in a cross-sectional study. Psychiatrists examined patients during regular psychiatric checkups. Patients completed the Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire (Strategie Zvládání Stresu [SVF] 78), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. Results The diagnostic subgroups differed significantly in age and use of negative coping strategies, but not in other measured clinical or psychological variables. The findings showed that neither sex nor partnership played a role in perceived QoL. All Q-LES-Q domains correlated negatively with all ISMI domains, except school/study. Unemployed and employed groups of patients differed in QoL. Each of the coping strategies, except the need for social support, was related to self-stigma. The findings showed that sex, partnership, education, and employment played no role in self-stigma. No differences between sexes in positive coping strategies, severity of disorder, self-stigma, or QoL were found. QoL correlated significantly with all coping strategies, except for guilt denial. Multiple regression showed the most important factors to be positive coping, employment, and overall self-stigma rating, explaining 32.9% of QoL. Mediation analysis showed self-stigma level and negative coping strategies to be the most influential. The most substantial factors associated with self-stigma, as indicated by regression analysis, were Q-LES-Q total, subjective CGI, and positive coping strategies, which clarified 44.5% of the ISMI. Conclusion The study confirmed associations among self-stigma, quality of life, disorder severity, and coping strategies of outpatients with neurotic spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia,
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
| | - Kryštof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia,
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic, .,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic,
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Vanek J, Slepecky M, Zatkova M, Latalova K, Kolek A. Three diagnostic psychiatric subgroups in comparison to self-stigma, quality of life, disorder severity and coping management cross-sectional outpatient study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39:331-341. [PMID: 30531709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much attention has been paid to psychological factors influencing characteristics, severity, and course of mental disorders. The objective of our investigation was to examine the interrelations among quality of life (QoL), self-stigma, and coping strategies, demographics and severity of the disorder in neurotic spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and depressive spectrum disorders. METHODS A total of 343 clinically stable Czech outpatients with different mental disorders (153 with neurotic spectrum disorders; 81 with depression, and 109 with schizophrenia spectrum disorders) were included. The patients were examined by their outpatient psychiatrists during regular psychiatric checkup and completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Quality of Life Satisfaction and the Enjoyment Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), the Stress Coping Style Questionnaire (SVF-78), and the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI). RESULTS The study demonstrates that the self-stigma and coping strategies are significant factors linked to the QoL in all diagnostic groups of patients. Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders had lower scores in QoL compared to the other two groups. The patients with depression or neurotic spectrum disorders had a lesser degree of self-stigma than the patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The severity of the illness significantly correlated with the QoL, self-stigma, and coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS The investigation confirmed the connection between the quality of life, self-stigma, coping strategies, and the severity of the illness, in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, depressive, and neurotic spectrum disorders. A further longitudinal study would be useful to determine the causative relationships of these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Tonhajzerova I, Mestanikova A, Visnovcova Z, Jurko A, Sekaninova N, Slepecky M, Mestanik M. The interaction between personality traits and sympathetic arousal in response to stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.07.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kasalova P, Prasko J, Kantor K, Zatkova M, Holubova M, Sedlackova Z, Slepecky M, Grambal A. Personality disorder in marriage and partnership - a narrative review. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39:159-171. [PMID: 30431743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partner conflicts are the most common precipitating factors of decompensation of psychiatric disorders, including personality disorders. Personal characteristics play a fundamental role in both the prediction of marital satisfaction of the individual as well as the satisfaction of the couple as a whole. METHOD Narrative Review of the articles, books and book chapters within the period 1956 - 2016 using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases with keywords "personality disorder," "partnership," marital problems," "marital conflicts." Additional references were found using reviews of relevant articles. RESULTS It is evident that patients with personality disorders can have problems with meeting the criteria that contribute to the marital satisfaction and, on the other hand, easily fulfill the criteria that are related to the causes of the relationship breakups. People with personality disorders have substantial problems with starting and continuing a relationship with a partner. They have an unintentional ability to create and maintain problematic relationships. The association between the dysfunctional marriage and personality problems of the partners may have the basis in the insufficient understanding of the behavior of one or both partners. People with personality disorder experience numerous misunderstandings, misinterpretations, communicate poorly, and they are more alert to verbal and physical aggression in the interpersonal relations. They do not recognize that the basis of experienced struggles has a source in their intrapersonal processes and their relationship with the world. Persons with certain personality disorders tend to seek and create a pathologically stable partnership. To understand the dynamics of such relationships, examining personality traits first should be essential. Understanding the maladaptive personality patterns in the context of the relationship should be beneficial for both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kasalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Sedlackova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Slepecky M, Stanislav V, Martinove M, Kotianova A, Kotian M, Chupacova M, Ryniak J, Betkovka Korpala B, Zatkova M, Latalova K, Prasko J. Discrepancy between readiness to change, insight and motivation in alcohol-dependent inpatients. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39:135-142. [PMID: 29919989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poland, Czech Republic, and the Slovak Republic are countries with high alcohol consumption, and alcohol-induced disorders are in the ten leading causes of Years Lost due to Disability. Therefore it is necessary to study factors as insight, motivation, and readiness to change for the better understanding the variables which are in probably connected with therapeutic effectiveness. AIM The purpose of the study was to examine the state of readiness to change at the beginning and the end of inpatient short (six weeks) and long (12 weeks) therapeutic program in the Slovak Republic, Poland, and the Czech Republic, and look for the relationship between readiness to change, insight, and motivation in alcohol-dependent persons. METHODS We studied a sample of 380 alcohol-dependent inpatients (282 men and 98 women) by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ), and Demographic Questionnaire. RESULTS The unmarried patients declare a higher severity of alcohol dependence than married or divorced ones in AUDIT questionnaire. At the beginning of the treatment, the majority of patients declared Action (68.5%) or Preparation (26.3%) motivation stage according to RCQ questionnaire. At the end of the treatment, married patients showed higher readiness to change in domain Taking steps of SOCRATES questionnaire. The unmarried patients displayed the decrease of domain Ambivalence. The duration of the completed therapeutic program may not be crucial for improvement in preparedness to change. CONCLUSIONS The intention and motivation to alcohol dependence treatment seem to be high at the beginning of the treatment, but recognition of the alcohol problems were low in highly dependent patients. Marital status was connected with an increased active component for readiness to change. The passive component (decreasing the ambivalence) was observed in the unmarried patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Stanislav
- OLUP Predna Hora, Muranska Huta, Predna Hora 126, 049 01 Muran, Slovakia
| | - Maria Martinove
- OLUP Predna Hora, Muranska Huta, Predna Hora 126, 049 01 Muran, Slovakia
| | | | - Michal Kotian
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Chupacova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
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Vrbova K, Prasko J, Holubova M, Slepecky M, Ociskova M. Positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia and their relation to depression, anxiety, hope, self-stigma and personality traits - a cross-sectional study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 39:9-18. [PMID: 29604619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the investigation was to explore the relationship between positive or negative symptoms, social anxiety, hope, personality, and self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHOD 57 outpatients took part in this cross-sectional study. The structured interview M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to confirm the diagnosis. All patients completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory - Revised. The disorder severity was evaluated by Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The patients were in a stabilized state that did not require hospitalization or modifications in the treatment. RESULTS Both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia positively correlated with the length of the disorder, global severity of the disorder, the severity of the general and social anxiety symptoms, the severity of self-stigma, and negatively with personality traits Self-directedness and Cooperativeness. Only negative symptoms significantly positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms and personality trait Harm-avoidance and negatively with the hope and personality trait Persistence. Comorbidity with social phobia is associated with statistically significantly higher mean scores on the total score of schizophrenic symptomatology, negative subscale average rating, and general psychopathological items measured by PANSS. Patient with comorbid depression would experience a higher level of negative symptomatology than patients without such comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kasalova P, Prasko J, Holubova M, Vrbova K, Zmeskalova D, Slepecky M, Grambal A. Anxiety disorders and marital satisfaction. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2018; 38:555-564. [PMID: 29504737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety disorders can be a burden for the patient and his family. They affect the family everyday functioning, require greater demands on adaptation and re-evaluation of the existing habits of family members and consequently may result in family dysfunction due to anxiety disorders, especially in marital relationship or partnership. However, the knowledge about the impact of anxiety disorders on one or both partners in marital or partner life is still limited. METHOD The relevant studies were identified through the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases, within the period 1990-2017. Additional references were found using reviews of relevant articles. The search terms included "anxiety disorders,""marital problems," "marital conflicts," "partnership," "family functioning," and "communication." RESULTS Dissatisfaction in a relationship can act as a trigger for the development of anxiety disorders and could also be responsible for the modulation and maintenance of these disorders. However, this dissatisfaction may also be the consequence of manifestation of the anxiety disorders. The individuals with the anxiety may feel guilty about their partners because of the tolerance and help (does not matter what kind and quality of the help he/she provides), sometimes they are submissively grateful because of the support, they may feel inferior, tend to serve him /her. On the other hand, he/she begins to rebuke partner's supposed negative attitudes; the patient may start to use his psychological problems as an excuse and expects others to help him and solve the situation. Consequently, he /she starts to check and criticize the partner and this tense situation may lead to problems in marriage and disturbs family functioning. CONCLUSION Distress elements that contribute to the development of anxiety disorders can be diverse and sometimes it is not easy to identify so-called precipitating factors. The link between anxiety disorders and family relationships is bi-directional: psychological problems adversely affect patient relationships and attitudes of the partner towards the patient significantly affect his/her anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kasalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Zmeskalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Kotianova A, Kotian M, Slepecky M, Chupacova M, Prasko J, Tonhajzerova I. The differences between patients with panic disorder and healthy controls in psychophysiological stress profile. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:435-441. [PMID: 29445280 PMCID: PMC5808685 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s153005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alarming somatic symptoms, in particular, cardiovascular symptoms, are the characteristic feature of panic attacks. Increased cardiac mortality and morbidity have been found in these patients. Power spectral analysis of electrocardiogram R-R intervals is known to be a particularly successful tool in the detection of autonomic instabilities in various clinical disorders. Our study aimed to compare patients with panic disorder and healthy controls in heart rate variation (HRV) parameters (very-low-frequency [VLF], low-frequency [LF], and high-frequency [HF] band components of R-R interval) in baseline and during the response to the mental task. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We assessed psychophysiological variables in 33 patients with panic disorder (10 men, 23 women; mean age 35.9±10.7 years) and 33 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (10 men, 23 women; mean age 35.8±12.1 years). Patients were treatment naïve. Heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and HRV in basal conditions and after the psychological task were assessed. Power spectrum was computed for VLF (0.003-0.04 Hz), LF (0.04-0.15 Hz), and HF (0.15-0.40 Hz) bands using fast Fourier transformation. RESULTS In the baseline period, the VLF band was significantly lower in panic disorder group compared to controls (p<0.005). In the period of mental task, the LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in panic disorder patients compared to controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the remaining parameters. There was a significant difference in ΔHF and ΔLF/HF ratio between patients and controls, with Δ increasing in patients and decreasing in controls. CONCLUSION These findings revealed that patients suffering from panic disorder were characterized by relative sympathetic dominance (reactivity) in response to mental stress compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kotianova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Psychagogia, Garbiarska, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Kotian
- Psychagogia, Garbiarska, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovak Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Psychagogia, Garbiarska, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Vrbova K, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Holubova M, Kantor K, Kolek A, Grambal A, Slepecky M. Suicidality, self-stigma, social anxiety and personality traits in stabilized schizophrenia patients - a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1415-1424. [PMID: 29910618 PMCID: PMC5989820 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s162070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Patients who have schizophrenia are more prone to suicidal behavior than the general population. This study aimed to find connections between suicidality and self-stigma, hope, and personality traits in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Forty-eight stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia attended this cross-sectional study. Patients were diagnosed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) using the ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria. The assessments included Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, objective and subjective Clinical Global Impression, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-second edition, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. RESULTS The individual rate of suicidality (suicidal index from MINI) strongly positively correlated with self-stigma, level of depression, social anxiety, and harm-avoidance, and negatively correlated with hope, self-directedness, and stigma resistance. CONCLUSION Individuals with additional symptoms of depression, social anxiety, trait-like anxiety, and self-stigma should be carefully monitored for suicidal ideation. On the opposite side, patients with sufficient hope, self-esteem, and goal-directed attitudes are less likely to have suicidal thoughts and may potentially be role models in group rehabilitation programs, motivating more distressed colleagues and showing them ways to cope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Krystof Kantor
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kolek
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Grambal A, Slepecky M, Marackova M, Kamaradova D, Zatkova M. Quality of life and coping strategies of outpatients with a depressive disorder in maintenance therapy - a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:73-82. [PMID: 29339924 PMCID: PMC5746068 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s153115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of life (QoL) is a multidimensional view that represents all aspects of patient well-being in various areas of patient life. Specific coping strategies may be connected to both the QoL and the severity of mental disorder. The aim of this investigation was to examine the relationship between the QoL and the coping strategies of outpatients with a depressive disorder. METHODS Eighty-two outpatients, who met the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, for a depressive disorder, were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables were obtained from the medical records. Individuals filled the following standardized questionnaires: Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire, Stress Coping Style Questionnaire, and Clinical Global Impression. Multiple regression analyses with backward elimination were performed to discover the most influential factors contributing to QoL. RESULTS The participants with a depressive disorder showed an overuse of negative coping strategies, especially escape tendency and resignation. A positive self-instruction strategy was used by the patients less often. The coping strategies were significantly associated with the QoL. A more frequent use of positive coping strategies had a positive association with the QoL. The main factors related to QoL were the subjective severity of the disorder, employment, and positive coping strategies. CONCLUSION The study confirmed the relationship between QoL and the coping strategies of outpatients with a depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra-Chrenova, Slovak Republic
| | - Marketa Marackova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Dana Kamaradova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra-Chrenova, Slovak Republic
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Vrbova K, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Latalova K, Holubova M, Grambal A, Slepecky M. Insight in schizophrenia - a double-edged sword? Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2017; 38:457-464. [PMID: 29369595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lack of insight is defined as a loss of ability to distinguish that one's unusual and unreal experiences should be the symptoms of the psychiatric disorder requiring treatment. Lack of insight may be considered as a core symptom of schizophrenia. The concept of insight has been regarded for a long time as necessary for treatment, which improves adherence and makes a better prognosis. Increased insight in schizophrenia has been associated not only with benefits, but also bring trouble in the form of self-stigma, low self-esteem, reduced patient's hope, diminished quality of life, and increased suicidality. Therefore, insight should be managed with sensitive monitoring of the risk factors, and be gradual, carefully supported by the encouragement of hope and confidence to managing everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
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Grambal A, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Slepecky M, Kotianova A, Sedlackova Z, Zatkova M, Kasalova P, Kamaradova D. Borderline personality disorder and unmet needs. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2017; 38:275-289. [PMID: 28871714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a disabling psychiatric condition with a chronic and challenging course. BPD is reflected as a disorder of self-regulation" and is associated with both psychological vulnerabilities and social relations that fail to support basic emotional needs. The objective of the paper is to provide the up-to-date data on the unmet needs of BPD patients and their families. METHOD A computerized search of the literature printed between January 1990 and May 2017 was conducted in PubMed, and additional papers were extracted using keywords "borderline personality disorder,"needs," "pharmacotherapy," "psychotherapy," "CBT," and "family" in various combinations. According to the eligibility criteria, 57 articles were chosen. Secondary articles from the reference lists of primarily identified papers have been selected for the eligibility and added to the first list (N=151). RESULTS The results were divided into three categories: the needs connected with (1) the symptom control; (2) the treatment; (3) the quality of life. The needs connected with symptoms were described issues such as emotional needs, social interactions, self-harm, parasuicide, suicidality, comorbidity, mentalization, identity disturbance, moreover, barriers to treatment. The needs connected with the treatment described are focused on needs for early diagnosis, early intervention, holding environment, therapeutic relation, assertive community treatment, destigmatization, hospitalization, and primary care. The needs connected with the quality of life involve family needs, physical health, spiritual needs, advocacy needs, and needs for the separation-individuation. The part focused on implications for the treatment presented several treatment approaches, focusing mostly on the their basics and efficacy. CONCLUSION Observing the patients' needs may be essential to the treatment of the individuals suffering from BPD. However, many needs remain unmet in the areas linked to medical, personal, and social factors. A bigger focus on the patients' needs could be beneficial and should be targeted in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Antonia Kotianova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sedlackova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Petra Kasalova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Kamaradova
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Prasko J, Ociskova M, Sigmundova Z, Kasalova P, Grambal A, Holubova M, Marackova M, Vrbova K, Latalova K, Slepecky M, Zatkova M, Kotianova A. Self-stigma, Hope, Dissociation, and Personality Features in Treatment of Depressive Inpatients Resistant to Pharmacotherapy. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to examine the influence of dissociation, hope, personality trait and selected demographic factors in treatment response of this group of patients.MethodsPharmacoresistant depressive inpatients completed clinical global impression – both objective and subjective form, Beck depression inventory, and Beck anxiety inventory at baseline and after six weeks of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (group cognitive behavioral or group psychodynamic). The Internalized Stigma Of Mental Illness Scale, Dissociative Experience Scale Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, and temperament and character inventory were completed at the start of the treatment with the intention to find predictors of treatment efficacy.ResultsThe study included 72 patients hospitalized for the pharmacoresistant major depression, 63 of them finished the study. The mean scores of BDI-II, BAI, subjCGI, and objCGI significantly decreased during the treatment. BDI-II relative change statistically significantly correlated with the total ISMI score, discrimination experience (ISMI subscale), and harm avoidance (TCI-R personality trait). According to stepwise regression, the strongest factors connected to BDI-II relative change were the duration of the disorder and discrimination experience (ISMI). ObjCGI relative change significantly correlated with the level of dissociation, the total ISMI score, and hope in ADHS total score, and self-directedness. According to stepwise regression, the strongest factor connected to objCGI relative change was discrimination experience (ISMI).ConclusionsAccording to our results, the patients with pharmacoresistant depressive disorders, who have had more experience with discrimination because of their mental struggles, showed a poorer response to treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Vrbova K, Prasko J, Latalova K, Kamaradova D, Ociskova M, Marackova M, Holubova M, Slepecky M. Hope, self-stigma, personality traits and quality of life in patients with psychotic disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRecently, as a result of an increased emphasis on patients’ needs, the awareness on the quality of life has been engaged into account in the exploration of schizophrenia.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the relations between hope, self-stigma, personality traits and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.MethodsFifty-two stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated in cross-sectional study. The psychiatrist assessed each patient with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. The patients completed Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory, Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, Drug Attitude Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory – II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsThe quality of life was significantly higher in employed patients, and individuals with higher hope, self-directedness, and persistence. The quality of life was lower among the patients with higher number of hospitalizations, those with higher severity of the disorder and individuals who were taking more medication. The patients with more pronounced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social anxiety had a lower quality of life. Finally, the quality of life was lower among the individuals with higher harm avoidance, and self-stigmatization.ConclusionsDetection of the quality of life in the context of personality traits, hope, self-stigma and demographical and clinical factors may be an important part of the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Vyskocilova J, Prasko J, Slepecky M, Kotianova A. Basic Principles of Supervision and Its Ethics in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSupervision is the systematic guidance of a therapist by a supervisor. It is a basic part of training and ongoing education in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Self-reflection and ethical reflection are an important part of supervision.MethodThe Pubmed database was searched for articles using the keywords supervision in CBT, therapeutic relations, ethics, transference, counter transference, schema therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy.ResultsWe discuss conceptual aspects related to supervision and the role of self-reflection and ethical reflection. The task of supervision is to increase the value of the therapeutic process in the client's best interest. Establishing the supervisor-supervisee relationship is based on principles similar to those in the therapeutic relationship. Additionally, supervision is oriented towards increasing the therapist's competencies. The CBT therapist's core competencies involve good theoretical knowledge, professional behavior towards clients, ability to use specific therapeutic strategies for maintaining the therapeutic relationship, sensitivity to parallel processes and accomplishment of changes, and adherence to ethical norms. Given the fact that during supervision, the supervisee may be at any stage of his/her training, supervision must take into consideration where the therapist is in his/her training and development and what he/she has or has not learnt.ConclusionsBoth the literature and our experience underscore the importance of careful supervision of cognitive behavioral therapy. Numerous approaches are used in supervision, which is associated with the abilities to self-reflect and to realize transference and counter transference mechanisms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Holubova M, Prasko J, Matousek S, Latalova K, Marackova M, Vrbova K, Grambal A, Slepecky M, Zatkova M. Comparison of self-stigma and quality of life in depressive disorder and schizophrenia – a cross-sectional study. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe views of one's self-stigma and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders are significant subjective notions, both being proven to affect patient's functioning in life. The objective of this research was to find out the quality of life and self-stigma in connection with demographic factors and compare the two groups of patients in those variables.MethodIn a cross-sectional study, the outpatients with the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and depressive disorders completed the quality of life satisfaction and enjoyment questionnaire, the internalized stigma of mental illness scale and a demographic questionnaire during a routine psychiatric control. Furthermore, both patients and their psychiatrists evaluated the severity of the disorder by clinical global impression-severity scale.ResultsThe quality of life of patients with depression or schizophrenia spectrum disorders did not significantly differ between the two groups. In both groups, unemployment was perceived to be a significant factor decreasing the quality of life. Self-stigma was detected to be higher in patients with schizophrenia as compared to the depressive patients. A strong correlation was found between the two scales, meaning that those with higher levels of self-stigmatization were less prone to see their life as fulfilling and joyful.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the degree of the internalized stigma can be an important aspect linked to the quality of life irrespective of the diagnostic category.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Huri M, Sahin S, Akel S, Slepecky M, Kotianova A. Turkish version of body attitude test: Its reliability and validity. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBreast cancer (BC) may cause problems on body perception and awareness which can be perceived as a threat on body attitude among women with breast cancer.ObjectivesThe Body Attitude Test (BAT) assesses subjective attitude toward women's own body.AimThe aim of the present study was to develop the Turkish version of the BAT and examine its reliability and validity.MethodsThe study group (SD) consisted of 72 women diagnosed with BC while 100 healthy women (HW). The women evaluated by BAT, Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and Self Esteem Inventory (SEI) in 7–10 days intervals. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Factor analysis was conducted on BAT ratings given by control group.ResultsThe mean age was 43.7 ± 8.76 of women with BC while 46.4 ± 10.84 in HW. Mean duration of cancer was 2.4 ± 0.7 years. Factor analysis showed BAT was composed of two factors as body dissatisfaction and lack of familiarity with one's body. The BAT demonstrates satisfactory level of internal reliability (α = 0.932). BAT was related with EDI subscales: drive for thinness (r = 0.741, P < 0.001), ineffectiveness (r = 0.736, P < 0.001) and body dissatisfaction (P = 0.718, P < 0.001) and SEI subscale: familial self-esteem (r = -0.629, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results support the validity and reliability of BAT which is able to differentiate the clinical and non-clinical form of subjective attitude toward women's own body. Turkish version of BAT could be used as an appropriate measure for assessing subjective attitude towards own body in women with and without breast cancer in Turkey.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Prasko J, Grambal A, Sigmundova Z, Kasalova P, Kamaradova D, Vrbova K, Ociskova M, Holubova M, Latalova K, Zatkova M, Slepecky M, Kotianova A. Dissociation and Therapy of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders with or Without Personality Disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveGoal of the study was to analyze the impact of dissociation on the treatment of the patients with anxiety/neurotic spectrum and depressive disorders, and with or without personality disorders.MethodsThe sample consisted of inpatients who met the ICD-10 criteria for the Depressive disorder, Panic disorder, GAD, Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, Agoraphobia, Social phobia, OCD, PTSD, Adjustment disorders, dissociative/conversion disorders, Somatoform disorder or other anxiety/neurotic spectrum disorder. The participants completed Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, subjective version of clinical global impression-severity, Sheehan Patient-Related Anxiety Scale, and Dissociative Experience Scale, at the start and the end of the therapeutic program.ResultsThe total of 840 patients with anxiety or depressive spectrum disorders, who were resistant to pharmacological treatment in outpatients basis and were referred for hospitalization for the six-week complex therapeutic program, were enrolled in this study. Six hundred and six of them were statistically analyzed. The patients’ mean ratings on all measurements were significantly reduced during the treatment. The patients without comorbid personality disorder improved significantly more than patients with comorbid personality disorder in the reduction of depressive symptoms. However, there were no significant differences in change of anxiety levels and severity of the disorder between the patients with and without personality disorders. The higher degree of dissociation at the beginning of the treatment predicted minor improvement. The higher therapeutic change was connected to the greater reduction of the dissociation level.ConclusionsDissociation presents an important factor influencing treatment effectiveness in the treatment-resistant patients with anxiety/depression with or without personality disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Slepecky M, Majercak I, Gyorgyova E, Kotianova A, Kotian M, Zatkova M, Chupacova M, Popelkova M, Ociskova M, Prasko J, Gallová I. Life events, quality of life, autonomic nervous system, and cardiovascular risk factors. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPsychological distress is considered as a component of the cardiovascular risk. The present study aims to determine which psychophysiological, electrocardiographic and anthropometric factors are correlated with life events, depression and quality of life in healthy adults.MethodA total of 114 adults were examined using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Physiological measures included heart rate variability, skin conductance level and skin temperature. Anthropometric characteristics included weight, height, hip size, waistline, blood pressure, heart rate at rest and after mental activity, muscle mass, fat stock, percentage of the body fat, segmental distribution of muscle and fat mass, fat-free mass and the water content in the body. Finally, data from electrocardiographic examination included aortic pulse wave velocity, central aortic pressure and augmentation index.ResultsLife events in last two years correlate with worse quality of life and a higher level of depression. Life events in last two years also correlate with the increase of the risk factors for cardiovascular problems in terms of several anthropometric and physiological measures. Finally, life events in last two years was also related with the overweight.ConclusionsResults suggest some possible mechanisms by which stress may exert adverse effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in healthy persons. Primary preventive strategies with the stress management training may prove beneficial.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Vrbova K, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Holubova M, Kamaradova D, Marackova M, Grambal A, Slepecky M, Latalova K. Negative aspects of self-stigma in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMost individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia must cope with some form of stigmatization. Different types of public stigma, self-stigma and label avoidance, may have negative consequences for these individuals.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to search the degree of self-stigma in schizophrenia and its association with the clinical and demographic factors.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-seven stabilized outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated in the study. The mean age of the sample was 40 years. All individuals completed the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) and a demographic questionnaire. The disorder severity was assessed both by a psychiatrist (objCGI-S: the objective version of Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale) and by the patients (subjCGI-S: the subjective version of Clinical Global Impression – Severity scale).ResultsThe total score of the ISMI positively correlated with the severity of the disorder measured by the objCGI-S and the subjCGI-S. Additionally, the self-stigma positively correlated with the treatment duration, and the number of hospitalizations. The regression analysis identified these regressors as the most relevant to the self-stigma – the number of hospitalizations, the severity of the disorder rated by a psychiatrist, and the difference between the objective rating and the subjective rating of the severity of the disorder.ConclusionsOutpatients with psychosis, who have undergone a higher number of hospitalizations, dispose of a higher severity of the disorder and show a bigger discrepancy between their rating of the severity and the psychiatric rating, display a greater degree of self-stigma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Slepecky M, Kotianova A, Prasko J, Majercak I, Gyorgyova E, Kotian M, Zatkova M, Tonhajzerova I, Chupacova M, Popelkova M. Coping, schemas, and cardiovascular risks - study protocol. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2599-2605. [PMID: 29075121 PMCID: PMC5648306 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s148837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to describe the protocol of a trial focusing on the psychological, anthropometric, cardiac, and psychophysiological factors contributing to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As background, the article provides a short overview of research literature linking personal traits, maladaptive schemas, and coping styles with CVDs through reactivity of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Antonia Kotianova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Majercak
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Josef Safarik University in Košice
| | - Erika Gyorgyova
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology Private Practice MUDr Ivan Majercak, Košice
| | - Michal Kotian
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology.,Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Chupacova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.,Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas
| | - Marta Popelkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
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Vrbova K, Prasko J, Ociskova M, Kamaradova D, Marackova M, Holubova M, Grambal A, Slepecky M, Latalova K. Quality of life, self-stigma, and hope in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:567-576. [PMID: 28260904 PMCID: PMC5328600 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s122483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GOALS The aim of this study was to explore the quality of life, self-stigma, personality traits, and hope in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 52 outpatients participated in this cross-sectional study. The attending psychiatrist assessed each patient with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The patients then completed Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory - Revised (TCI-R), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), Drug Attitude Inventory 10 (DAI-10), and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS)-Self-report. The psychiatrist evaluated Clinical Global Impression Severity - the objective version (objCGI-S), and the patients completed the Clinical Global Impression Severity - the subjective version (subjCGI-S). Each participant also completed Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS The quality of life was significantly higher in employed patients and individuals with higher hope, self-directedness (SD), and persistence (PS). The quality of life was lower among patients with higher number of psychiatric hospitalizations, those with higher severity of the disorder, and individuals who were taking higher doses of antipsychotics. Patients with more pronounced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social anxiety had a lower quality of life. Finally, the quality of life was lower among individuals with higher harm avoidance (HA) and self-stigmatization (ISMI). Backward stepwise regression was applied to identify the most significant factors connected to self-stigma. The regression analysis showed that occupation, level of depression (BDI-II), attitude to using medication (DAI-10), social anxiety (LSAS), and antipsychotic index were the most relevant factors associated with lower quality of life. CONCLUSION Detection of the quality of life in the context of personality traits, hope, self-stigma, and demographic and clinical factors may be an important part of the assessment of the patient with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Vrbova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Dana Kamaradova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Marketa Marackova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Michaela Holubova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Grambal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
| | - Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Klara Latalova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc
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Slepecky M, Kotianova A, Prasko J, Majercak I, Gyorgyova E, Kotian M, Zatkova M, Popelkova M, Ociskova M, Tonhajzerova I. Which psychological, psychophysiological, and anthropometric factors are connected with life events, depression, and quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2093-2104. [PMID: 28831258 PMCID: PMC5552144 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s141811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine psychological, psychophysiological, and anthropometric factors connected with life events, level of depression, and quality of life in people at risk for cardiovascular disease and healthy controls. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving arterial hypertension patients and healthy controls. There were several measurements including physical, anthropological, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological measurements and administration of questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 99 participants were recruited for this study, 54 healthy controls (mean age: 35.59±13.39 years) and 45 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) (mean age: 46.33±12.39 years). The healthy controls and the patients with CVD significantly differed in the mean total score of life events, level of depression, quality of life score, temperature, blood pressure (BP), pulse transit time, heart rate, high-frequency total power, heart rate variability total power, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage, fat control, pulse wave velocity, and augmentation index. In healthy subjects, the total score of the life events was not correlated with any cardiovascular or anthropometric factor. A score of depression significantly correlated with the WHtR, augmentation index, body fat percentage, and fat control. The quality of life - visual scale correlated with the body temperature, BP, and percentage of body fat. In the group of the patients with CVD, the score of the life events did not correlate with any measured cardiovascular or anthropometric factor. The level of depression correlated with the augmentation index. The quality of life - visual scale significantly correlated with body temperature, WHtR, and fat control. CONCLUSION The patients with CVD reported higher scores of life events, worse quality of life, and a greater level of depressive symptoms than healthy controls. In healthy controls, a higher mean total score of life events significantly negatively correlated with high-frequency total power, and the degree of depression correlated with being overweight. In patients with CVD, a score of depression was linked to being overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Slepecky
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra
| | - Antonia Kotianova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra.,Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Prasko
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Majercak
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Josef Safarik University in Kosice.,Internal Medicine and Cardiology Private Practice, MUDr Ivan Majercak, Kosice
| | - Erika Gyorgyova
- Internal Medicine and Cardiology Private Practice, MUDr Ivan Majercak, Kosice
| | - Michal Kotian
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra.,Psychagogia, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovak Republic
| | - Marta Zatkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra
| | - Marta Popelkova
- Department of Psychology Sciences, Faculty of Social Science and Health Care, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra
| | - Marie Ociskova
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Palacky Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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