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Li J, Luo C, Liu L, Huang A, Ma Z, Chen Y, Deng Y, Zhao J. Depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms among Chinese college students: A network analysis across pandemic stages. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:54-63. [PMID: 38588724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the stages of the COVID-19 pandemic evolved, the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia have increasingly manifested among Chinese college students. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between these symptoms through network analysis among Chinese college students during COVID-19. METHOD A three-wave cross-sectional survey was conducted at 22 colleges in Guangdong Province, involving 381,152 students during three specific time intervals: T1 (baseline, February 3 to 10, 2020), T2 (19 months after baseline, June 10 to 18, 2021), and T3 (37 months after baseline, March 15 to April 22, 2023). Depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and insomnia (YSIS) were used separately. We analyzed two key network indices: "Expected influence" and "Bridge expected influence". Network stability was assessed through a case-dropping bootstrap program. RESULT The effective sample sizes for the three periods were as follows: T1 - 164,101 (103,645 females, 63.2 %), T2 - 86,767 (52,146 females, 60.1 %), and T3 - 130,284 (76,720 females, 58.9 %). Across these three periods, the key central symptoms were "Fatigue" (PHQ4), "Restlessness" (GAD5), "Uncontrollable worrying" (GAD2), "Worry too much" (GAD3) and "Sleep insufficiency" (YSIS6). Notably, "Fatigue" (PHQ4), "Restlessness" (GAD5) and "Irritability" (GAD6) consistently served as bridge symptoms. In the T1 and T2 period, "Motor" (PHQ8) acted as a bridge symptom but weakened in T3. CONCLUSION Throughout the three periods, the mental health issues among Chinese college students displayed characteristics of somatization within the depression-anxiety-insomnia comorbidity network. Over time, anxiety symptoms appeared to become more prominent. Consequently, this study highlights the importance of accurately identifying and promptly intervening in these core symptoms of mental health among college students, as these symptoms may evolve across different stages of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andi Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijie Ma
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yishuai Deng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu X, Liu ZZ, Yang Y, Jia CX. Starting a Romantic Relationship, Breakups, and Sleep: A Longitudinal Study of Chinese Adolescents. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:190-205. [PMID: 37325917 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2217973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data on the association between romantic experiences and sleep in adolescents are limited. This study examined the associations of starting a romantic relationship (SRR) and romantic breakups with insomnia symptoms and sleep duration in adolescents. METHODS A total of 7,072 Chinese adolescents were surveyed in November-December 2015 and 1 year later. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess SRR, romantic breakups, sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, substance use, and demographics. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 14.58 (SD = 1.46) years and half were female. SRR only, breakups only, and both (SRR + breakups) in the past year were reported by 7.0%, 8.4%, and 15.4% of the sample, respectively. At the baseline and 1-year follow-up, 15.2% and 14.7% of the sample had insomnia symptoms and 47.7% and 42.1% reported short sleep duration (<7 h/night), respectively. After adjusting for depressive symptoms, substance use, and demographics, SRR and breakups were significantly associated with 35-45% increased odds of insomnia symptoms at baseline. SRR + breakups were significantly associated with short sleep duration (OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.05-1.56). SRR (OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.16-2.23) and breakups (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.04-1.96) were significantly associated with increased odds of incident insomnia symptoms at 1-year follow-up. These associations were stronger in younger adolescents (<15 years) than in older adolescents (≥15 years), especially in girls. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that SRR and breakups are associated with insomnia symptoms and short sleep duration, underscoring the importance of romantic relationships education and management of romantic stress for healthy sleep especially in early adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhen-Zhen Liu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyun Yang
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chen B, Wang W, Yang S. The relationship between academic stress and depression among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study from China. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38216950 PMCID: PMC10785333 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health has attracted great attention. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between academic stress and depression in Chinese college students and its mechanisms. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms of coping style, sleep quality, and interpersonal relationship in academic stress and depression among college students. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2022 through face-to-face questionnaires with college students in Anhui Province, China. The questionnaires included sociodemographic information, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Ordered logistic regression model was used to study the relationship between academic stress and depression of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic through the mechanism analysis of coping style, sleep quality and interpersonal relationship. RESULTS Two thousand thirty-three Chinese college students participated in the study, including 1,285 female and 748 male college students, with an average age 19.81 years old (SD = 1.22 years old). The results showed that (1) Academic stress had a significant impact on depression in college students under the background of COVID-19 (p < 0.01); (2) The influence of academic stress on depression had a difference in work experience as student cadres, which showed that college students who had served as student cadres were less affected by academic stress (p < 0.10), college students who had not served as student cadres were greatly affected by the academic stress (p < 0.05); (3) College students' attitudes toward COVID-19 significantly affected depression (p < 0.01); (4) Counselors' concern had a significant impact on college students' depression (p < 0.01); (5) Positive coping style, high quality sleep and good interpersonal relationship were the important mechanisms of the impact of academic stress on college students' depression. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new findings for in-depth understanding of the relationship between academic stress and depression among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is conducive to the provision of targeted intervention measures for the mental health of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Chen
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Finance and Public Administration, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, #962 Caoshan Road, Bengbu City, Anhui, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, No. 38, Shengli Middle Road, Bengbu City, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Rd, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, People's Republic of China
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Hu L, Wang Z, Yang Y, Liu X. Psychometric properties of the Youth Self-rated Insomnia Scale (YSIS) in adolescent psychiatric patients. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:103-111. [PMID: 38476857 PMCID: PMC10900025 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The 8-item Youth Self-rated Insomnia Scale (YSIS) was developed to assess insomnia severity in the past month among youths. The YSIS has satisfactory psychometric properties in the general adolescent population. This study examined psychometric properties of the YSIS in a large sample of adolescent psychiatric patients. A total of 536 patients aged 10-19 years were consecutively recruited from the outpatient department of Shandong Mental Health Center between December 2021 and March 2022. Patients completed a structured questionnaire consisting of the YSIS scale and questions about sleep duration, nightmares, psychiatric history, depression, psychiatric and sleep medications, and demographics. Patients were diagnosed following the ICD-10 criteria. Of the participants, the mean age was 15.30 years (SD = 1.95), 61.0% were female, 60.9% were diagnosed with mood disorders, 65.7% were on antidepressants, and 49.0% were on anxiolytics or hypnotics. The mean YSIS score was 22.6 (SD = 8.07). Coefficient omega was 0.84. Exploratory factor analysis revealed one factor and two correlated residuals. The YSIS scores were significantly correlated with depression scores (r = 0.68) and significantly increased with sleep onset latency, short sleep duration, nightmare frequency, and sleep medication use. The YSIS demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criteria-related validity in adolescent psychiatric patients. The YSIS appears to be a reliable and valid scale for measuring insomnia severity in adolescent psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, 49 Wen Hua Dong Road, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyun Yang
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Li F, Wang J, Chen J, Chen Q, Wang J, Wang M, Ma S, Zhang B, Hu W. Mental health of junior college students in China during COVID-19 school lockdown: Findings of on-line cross-sectional survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36808. [PMID: 38206719 PMCID: PMC10754547 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, junior students who had recently entered university may have experienced particular difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of anxiety, depression, and sleep status among junior college students during school closure. Junior college students from 3colleges in Anhui Province participated in this study from 6th to 20th April, 2022. The students' data were collected using a designed online questionnaire developed on the "Wen juan xing" website and submitted via cell phone. Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that female sex was an independent risk factor for increased anxiety, depression, and insomnia (anxiety: OR 1.503, 95% CI 1.191-1.897; depression: OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.023-1.270; ISI OR 2.052, 95% CI 1.646-2.559). Notably, medical specialty was an independent risk factor for depression and anxiety (anxiety: OR 1.367, 95% CI 1.078-1.734; depression: OR 1.289, 95% CI 1.148-1.448). Moreover, being a freshman was a risk factor for increased depression and insomnia (depression: OR 1.036,95% CI 0.931-1.153; insomnia: (OR 1.157,95% CI 0.961-1.394). The findings indicate that a considerable portion of junior college students experienced psychological problems due to lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Neurology, Lu’an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an People’s Hospital of An Hui, Province, Lu’an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maoxue Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouliang Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxia Hu
- Department of Neurology, Lu’an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu’an People’s Hospital of An Hui, Province, Lu’an, China
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Yao L, Liang K, Huang L, Chi X. Relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and internet addiction with insomnia and depression as multiple mediators during the COVID-19 pandemic: a three-wave longitudinal study in Chinese college students. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:939. [PMID: 38093234 PMCID: PMC10720225 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between fruit and vegetable consumption (FV) and Internet addiction (IA) in college students still remained unknown together with the internal mechanisms. Given the limitations of previous cross-sectional design, longitudinal research was necessary to be conducted to explore more precise correlations. Using the three-wave data in a longitudinal design, this study aimed to explore the association between FV and IA among Chinese college students and potential multiple mediators of insomnia and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 579 college students were recruited during three waves (T1: August 2020; T2: November 2020; T3: February 2021). FV (T1), insomnia (T2), depression (T2) and IA (T3) symptoms were reported. The descriptive statistics of the sociodemographic characteristics and correlation analyses of the study variables were calculated. The significance of the mediation effects was measured conducting a bootstrap method with SPSS PROCESS macro. RESULTS FV was negatively correlated with IA, and lower FV predicted higher risk of IA. Depression mediated the association between FV and subsequent IA. Insomnia and depression were multiple mediators, which in turn mediated the links between FV and subsequent IA. CONCLUSIONS The three-wave longitudinal study has revealed that FV had indirect effects on IA through individual mediating factor of depression and multiple mediating roles of insomnia and depression sequentially. The policy makers, educators and researchers should pay attention to the impact of the interventions from healthy diet, in order to optimize the coping strategies for preventing college students from IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Sciences Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kaixin Liang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Liuyue Huang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xinli Chi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
- The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Wang S, Luo G, Zhang X, Jing Y, Zaimina, Yao C, Li M, Chen H, Li J. Prevalence and influencing factors of sleep disturbance among medical students under the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01707-6. [PMID: 38007404 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students may feel severe psychological stress during COVID-19, which might impair their ability to sleep. This research aimed to look at the risk factors for sleep disturbance and the prevalence of sleep disturbance among medical students. METHODS 538 medical students in total were recruited for this research. Anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were assessed using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). To evaluate the possible risk variables, we computed descriptive statistics for each assessment item and ran univariate and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Medical students had a 63.6% prevalence of sleep disturbance (n = 342). According to logistic regression, introverted students are 1.77 times more likely than extroverted students to have sleep disturbance (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.08-2.91). Medical students with depression had a 5.6-times higher risk of sleep disturbance than those without depression (OR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.43-9.15). Additionally, medical students with anxiety were 3.95 times more likely than those without anxiety to have sleep disturbance (OR = 3.95, 95% CI 2.04-7.64). CONCLUSIONS According to this research, the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant sleep disturbance among medical students. Additionally, among medical students, introversion, anxiety, and depression were risk factors for sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Guoshuai Luo
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yifan Jing
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zaimina
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Lv F, Zhu R, Hou X, Fang L, Wang Y, Du Z, Zhong X, Liu J. Psychological Health and Risk Factors of College Students within the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:796. [PMID: 37887446 PMCID: PMC10604818 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students are a priority population in mental health research. This study aimed to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression symptoms among college students in Chongqing, a megacity under the impact of COVID-19, and to provide a basis for determining the priorities of public health policies and implementing effective educational health care interventions. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted in Chongqing, China, the data came from web-based stratified random sampling. Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), respectively, and risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS Data were obtained from 915 college students (34.75% were male, and 65.25% were female) with age (20.29 ± 1.51) in Chongqing, China. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were 19.78% and 22.62%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors of anxiety symptoms were associated with junior years, sleep time of less than 6 h a day, influence on career planning, and depression symptoms. Comprehensive, science and engineering, and medicine disciplines, having siblings, poorer mastery of study, and anxiety symptoms were risk factors for developing depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS During the pandemic, college students experienced varying degrees of anxiety and depression. Our research findings highlight the necessity of universities and relevant departments providing precise mental health education for college students under major public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Lv
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Laihao Fang
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhiyin Du
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhong
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- College of Medical Informatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Medical Data Science Academy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Hu C. Emergency Protective Measures and Strategies of COVID-19: From Lifestyle to Traditional Chinese Medicine. CLINICAL COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 3:100089. [PMID: 37342312 PMCID: PMC10076251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccmp.2023.100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews various aspects of COVID-19, including its current status, its side-effects, emergency protective measures and strategies from lifestyle to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for fighting against the SARS-CoV-2, and its major variants (Delta and Omicron), with the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, which include "Carassius auratus lifestyle" for high effective isolation, social and high-tech medical strategies, traditional Chinese herbs "Bark-Flower-Fruit-Grass-Leaf-Nucleolus(seed)-Root (BFFGLNR)", and the combination of Chinese and western medicine. As a choice, little is known whether the Chinese acupuncture is an effective method for confirming and suspecting COVID-19 patients, which include imported and asymptomatic cases. Definitely, acupuncture has been proven effective treatment for the recovery of COVID-19 cases. However, further animal experiments and clinical trials are required to confirm its effects and disclose underlying mechanisms. In conclusion, these emergency protective measures and strategies for COVID-19 will help to effectively combat the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants during the pandemic and post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science), Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Cheng J, Liao M, He Z, Xiong R, Ju Y, Liu J, Liu B, Wu B, Zhang Y. Mental health and cognitive function among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1233975. [PMID: 37575102 PMCID: PMC10416241 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1233975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese people experienced a nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic after the adjustment of epidemic response policies from December 2022 to January 2023. This study aims to explore the prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms and their associated factors among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 27th and March 8th, 2023. The symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive function among medical students were examined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), and the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression-5 (PDQ-D-5). Data on demographic information was also collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to describe the prevalence and explore the associated factors of mental and cognitive symptoms. Results Among 947 participants, the proportion of students experiencing anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms was 37.8, 39.3, 28.3, and 29.5%, respectively. The self-reported COVID-19 infection rate was 72.2%. Higher grades, childhood, and current rural residence were identified as potential risk factors for mental and cognitive symptoms. Gender, age, average monthly household income, and COVID-19 diagnosis were not associated with mental and cognitive symptoms among medical students. Conclusion Our findings revealed a high prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms among Chinese medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of higher-grade students and those residing in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziping He
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Hospital Management Office, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Shi X, Qiao X, Zhu Y. Emotional dysregulation as a mediator linking sleep disturbance with aggressive behaviors: Disentangling between- and within-person associations. Sleep Med 2023; 108:90-97. [PMID: 37343336 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep problems and aggressive behaviors are two prevalent and highly related problems among adolescents and emerging adults worldwide. This longitudinal study examined the reciprocal relations between sleep disturbance with aggressive behaviors and whether emotional dysregulation functioned as mediator of the relations, after separating within-person effects from between-person effects. METHODS A total of 4352 freshman students participated in a five-wave longitudinal study across two and half years. Data from the second wave to the fourth wave was used in this study. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) were utilized to separate between- and within-person effects. RESULTS Results from RI-CLPM showed: (a) Sleep disturbance and aggressive behaviors bidirectionally predicted each other at the within-person level; (b) Emotional dysregulation functioned as a mediator of the associations from sleep disturbance to aggressive behaviors at the within-person level. CONCLUSION These findings advanced the literature by elucidating longitudinal associations among sleep disturbance, emotional dysregulation, and aggressive behaviors at the within-person level, suggesting that prevention and intervention programs targeted at improving emotional regulation skills may be helpful to prevent the developmental pathway from sleep disturbance to aggressive behaviors among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiaofei Qiao
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, 523083, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Samuolis J. Sleep difficulties and psychological distress among college students during a COVID-19 campus red alert. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-5. [PMID: 36943235 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2185451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined the extent to which pandemic-specific psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress were associated with sleep difficulties among college students. Participants: Participants included 203 full-time undergraduates from a medium-sized university located in the U.S. Methods: A survey was administered online in December of 2020. Results: Regression analyses showed pandemic-specific psychological distress was associated with the three sleep difficulties. Perceived stress was also associated with these three sleep difficulties of falling asleep (B = 0.078, SE = 0.013, p = .000), difficulty staying asleep (B = 0.080, SE = 0.014, p = .000), and with waking too early (B = 0.043, SE = 0.014, p = .003), and mediated the relationship between psychological distress and each of the sleep difficulties. Conclusions: During public health emergencies health promotion strategies to promote sleep health should include psychoeducational strategies specifically addressing pandemic-specific psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Samuolis
- Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Zhang M, Qin L, Zhang D, Tao M, Han K, Chi C, Zhang Z, Tao X, Liu H. Prevalence and factors associated with insomnia among medical students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: characterization and associated factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:140. [PMID: 36882710 PMCID: PMC9989587 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia has become an important issue in recent years. Insomnia is affected by many factors. Previous research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there would be a long-term negative effect on the mental health of medical college students. The state of medical college students' insomnia directly determines the results of medical education and the career development prospects of the medical students themselves. Therefore, it is very important to understand the insomnia situation of medical students in the post-epidemic era. METHODS This study was conducted 2 years after the global COVID-19 pandemic (April 1-April 23, 2022). The study used an online questionnaire, administered through a web-based survey platform. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), GAD-2, PHQ-2, and socio-demographic information were surveyed by the Questionnaire Star platform. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia was 27.80% (636/2289). Grade(P < 0.05), age(P < 0.001), loneliness(P < 0.001), depression(P < 0.001), anxiety(P < 0.001), fear of COVID-19 was highly correlated with insomnia (P < 0.001). Adapting to online class(P < 0.001) was a protective factor of smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS This survey shows that Insomnia was highly prevalent among the Chinese medical college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments and schools should through psychological interventions to address the current situation of insomnia among medical students, and formulate targeted programs and strategies to reduce their psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Li Qin
- Academic Affairs Office, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Mingfen Tao
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Kangrong Han
- Ye Peida College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Chenru Chi
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- School of Management Engineering, Anhui Institute of Information Technology. Wuhu, Anhui, 241199, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
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14
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黄 鑫, 李 苏, 尹 军, 桑 晓, 张 烨, 唐 向, 卢 姗. [Research Status of and Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Sleep Disorders in China]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:226-230. [PMID: 36949677 PMCID: PMC10409171 DOI: 10.12182/20230360101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The quality of sleep, a key physiological factor that regulates information, memory, decision making, and other vital brain functions, can affect important physiological functions of the human body. According to disease classification systems, sleep disorders can be categorized into more than 90 types, including sleep apnea, insomnia, and hypersomnia. It may cause a variety of adverse consequences, such as depression, anxiety and other emotional disorders, as well as physical diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and stroke. In addition, the relevant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment not only harm physical health, but also are associated with workplace accidents and safety problems, constituting public safety hazards. Sleep disorders have become a major social and scientific problem that impacts on the national economy and the livelihood of the people. Research on sleep disorders should be given more attention by researchers and policy makers. Herein, we mainly discussed the latest findings and difficulties concerning research on the prevention and intervention of sleep disorders and proposed strategies and suggestions accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- 鑫 黄
- 中国生物技术发展中心 (北京 100039)China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - 苏宁 李
- 中国生物技术发展中心 (北京 100039)China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - 军祥 尹
- 中国生物技术发展中心 (北京 100039)China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - 晓冬 桑
- 中国生物技术发展中心 (北京 100039)China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - 烨 张
- 中国生物技术发展中心 (北京 100039)China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - 向东 唐
- 中国生物技术发展中心 (北京 100039)China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
| | - 姗 卢
- 中国生物技术发展中心 (北京 100039)China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China
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15
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Lundström M. Young in pandemic times: a scoping review of COVID-19 social impacts on youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2117637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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16
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Jabakhanji SB, Lepinteur A, Menta G, Piper A, Vögele C. Sleep quality and the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in five European countries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278971. [PMID: 36576928 PMCID: PMC9797060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to lifestyle changes across Europe with a likely impact on sleep quality. This investigation considers sleep quality in relation to the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in five European countries. Using panel regressions and keeping policy responses to COVID-19 constant, we show that an increase in the four-week average daily COVID-19 deaths/100,000 inhabitants (our proxy for the evolution of the pandemic) significantly reduced sleep quality in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden between April 2020 and June 2021. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests and are larger for women, parents and young adults. Additionally, we show that about half of the reduction in sleep quality caused by the evolution of the pandemic can be attributed to changes in lifestyles, worsened mental health and negative attitudes toward COVID-19 and its management (lower degree of confidence in government, greater fear of being infected). In contrast, changes in one's own infection-status from the SARS-CoV-2 virus or sleep duration are not significant mediators of the relationship between COVID-19-related deaths and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Barbara Jabakhanji
- Healthcare Outcomes Research Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Giorgia Menta
- Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alan Piper
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Vögele
- University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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17
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Nano JP, Ghaly MH, Fan W. Lessons From Early COVID-19: Associations With Undergraduate Students' Academic Performance, Social Life, and Mental Health in the United States. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604806. [PMID: 36579136 PMCID: PMC9790919 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to explore the influence of COVID-19 on undergraduate students' academic performance, social life, and mental health during the pandemic's early stage, and evaluate potential correlates of stress, anxiety, and depression in relation to COVID-19. Methods: Participant data was collected as part of a survey that consisted of demographic questions, a DASS-21 questionnaire, and an open-ended question. The final sample consisted of 1077 full-time students in the United States. Results: 19%, 20%, and 28% of participants met the cutoff for "severe" and "extremely severe" levels of stress, anxiety, and depression according to DASS-21. During COVID-19, a significant increase in hours of sleep, and decrease in hours spent on extracurriculars and studying were observed. While talking to family was significantly associated with stress, anxiety, and depression, engaging in hobbies was only associated with depression. Conclusion: With the continued spread of COVID-19, it is critical for universities to adapt to the mental health needs of their students. Future institutional advancements should create treatment programs to ensure better academic and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Nano
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Joseph P. Nano, ; Mina H. Ghaly,
| | - Mina H. Ghaly
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Joseph P. Nano, ; Mina H. Ghaly,
| | - Wen Fan
- Department of Sociology, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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18
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Wan ZY, Xiao L, Wang GH. People with passive sleep delay have more severe depression and sleep problems than those with active sleep delays-a cross-sectional study after the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11805. [PMID: 36506868 PMCID: PMC9721167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to investigate the effect of different types of sleep delay in depression and sleep characteristics after the pandemic. Meanwhile, risk factors for depression were also explored. Methods The survey was conducted in Wuhan from March 1 to May 30, 2021, and participants were recruited through a snowball process. A total of 1,583 people with sleep delays responded to the invitation, of which 1,296 were enrolled. Participants filled out a questionnaire including social demographics, sleep characteristics, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results There were no significant differences in sex, social support and level of education between the two types of sleep delay (p = 0.961, p = 0.110, p = 0.090), but the average age of the passive sleep delay group was higher (p = 0.015). And most people with active sleep delay were caused by the use of electronic devices (73.6%), while most people with passive sleep delay were caused by work or study tasks (73.2%), with a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001). People who actively delayed sleep had more regular sleep (p < 0.001), better sleep quality and longer sleep duration (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). In addition, although they delayed sleep more frequently (p < 0.001), they had significantly lower depression degree than people who passively delayed sleep (p < 0.001). Conclusions Passive sleep delays, usually caused by work or study, has higher levels of depression and more adverse sleep behaviors than active sleep delay. The findings help further understand the effects of delayed sleep and provide insight for people with delayed sleep to evaluate their own condition. Future studies are required to standardize and accurately classify sleep delay and further explore it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - Gao-Hua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China,Corresponding author
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19
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Huang S, Wang D, Zhao J, Chen H, Ma Z, Pan Y, Liu X, Fan F. Changes in suicidal ideation and related influential factors in college students during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114653. [PMID: 35671561 PMCID: PMC9404404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the patterns and predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) trajectories among college students during extended lockdowns in China. A three-wave survey was conducted during the outbreak period, remission period, and prevention period of COVID-19. Distinct patterns of SI trajectories were established by grouping respondents based on temporal changes in SI. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine predictors for delay-occurrence and persistent SI. From a total of 35,516 college students included in the study, rates of SI increased significantly from T1 to T2 (7.3% v. 9.4%) and from T2 to T3 (9.4% v. 12.6%). Five SI trajectories were observed: resilient (80.5% of the sample), recovery (3.6%), relapsing/remitting (4.8%), persistent dysfunction (2.3%) and delayed dysfunction (8.7%). Further, junior-year undergraduates, postgraduates, only-child families, mental health history, confirmed cases in the community of residence, depressive symptoms, and negative coping strategies were significant predictors of distinct SI trajectories, whereas greater social support, more positive coping strategies, and better family functioning were associated with a lower probability of developing delayed or persistent dysfunction during the lockdown period. These findings suggest that continuous preventive and intervening measures for college students during COVID-19 lockdowns are of global importance, particularly among vulnerable groups who experience the most distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Huang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Pan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Klonoff-Cohen H. College Students’ Opinions About Coping Strategies for Mental Health Problems, Suicide Ideation, and Self-Harm During COVID-19. Front Psychol 2022; 13:918891. [PMID: 35874328 PMCID: PMC9296780 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health problems have emerged as a significant health complication in United States colleges during COVID-19, and as a result, they have been extensively investigated in the United States and internationally. In contrast, research on coping among the college population during the pandemic is scant. Hence, this study investigated coping strategies proposed by undergraduate students attending a Midwestern university. Objectives The purpose of this preliminary study was to obtain college students’ feedback/opinions about coping strategies for mental health problems, suicide ideation, and self-harm during COVID-19. Methods In December 2021, one-hundred and four undergraduate students (ages 18–22 years) completed an online survey on coping strategies using Qualtrics. Major topics included: (1) Types of coping strategies/styles expressed by students for general mental health problems, (2) Types of coping strategies for suicide ideation and self-harm behaviors, (3) Preferred platforms for receiving coping therapy, and (4) Reasons for accepting or refusing parent involvement with mental health problems. Results The most beneficial coping strategies for mental health were ranked by college students as follows: (1) a skills training development program (30%), (2) meditation (19%), and (3) mindfulness exercises (15%), and physical education (11%). The respondents’ best coping strategies for preventing self-harm and suicide ideation/behaviors during COVID-19 were ranked as: (1) improving support from friends (32%), (2) building self-esteem (29%), and (3) addressing anger, depression, stress, and loneliness (25%). Finally, a total of 50% of participants felt that parents should be involved in college student interventions. Students stated that the most important type of support that they received from their parents were: (1) emotional support (31%), (2) direction and/or assistance with solutions (27%), and problem-solving (16%). Conclusion This study identified potential avenues which could be implemented into action during future outbreaks. Specifically, employing interventions that: (i) train undergraduate students to employ more effective skills training coping strategies or practicing mindfulness or meditation; (ii) integrate mental health, suicide, and self-harm prevention into the curriculum; (iii) offer more in-person campus services targeted toward the psychological and emotional effects of a pandemic, and (iv) involve support persons (e.g., family) in students’ lives to enhance their well-being during and after COVID-19.
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21
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AlHadi AN, Alhuwaydi AM. Insomnia Prevalence and Associated Factors Among University Students in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: A Large-Scale Survey. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1651-1663. [PMID: 36164410 PMCID: PMC9507980 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s380972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has many psychological and physical effects to which university students are vulnerable. We aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of insomnia among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire to collect the responses of 5140 students from Saudi universities between April 24 and 30, 2020. Responders completed demographic questions and psychological scales, including the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), during the national lockdown period in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Approximately, 41% of the sample suffered from moderate to severe insomnia. The mean ISI score was recorded as 12.9 (SD 6.62). Insomnia was associated with female sex, younger age, students from new universities, junior students, if a relative suffered from COVID-19, having a chronic medical illness, and having a psychiatric disorder. Insomnia was associated also with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Insomnia prevalence was very high among Saudi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. There were sociodemographic and medical factors associated with high insomnia prevalence. Universities need to plan and implement protective and intervention strategies to deal with this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N AlHadi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Alhuwaydi
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Zhao G, Xie F, Li S, Ding Y, Li X, Liu H. The relationship between perceived social support with anxiety, depression, and insomnia among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of self-control. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:994376. [PMID: 36276317 PMCID: PMC9582516 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.994376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT We aimed to investigate the associations between perceived social support and anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance via self-control among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Perceived Social Support Scale, Self-control Scale, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index Scale were used to survey 1,997 college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, who submitted valid questionnaires (M age = 19.93, SD age = 1.47, Range = 18-24 years, 62% female). RESULTS The perceived social support and self-control were significantly positively correlated, and they were significantly and negatively associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Further analysis found that self-control partially mediated the relationships between perceived social support with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese college students' self-control played a partial mediating effect in the relationships between perceived social support and anxiety, depression, and insomnia. This study provides new insights and inspiration for improving college students' mental health in the context of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Zhao
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Fusen Xie
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangchen Li
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuee Ding
- Mental Health education Center, Gansu Health Vocational College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Mental Health education Center, Gansu Health Vocational College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haijian Liu
- School of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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Conceição V, Rothes I, Gusmão R. The Association Between Changes in the University Educational Setting and Peer Relationships: Effects in Students' Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:783776. [PMID: 34970167 PMCID: PMC8712485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.783776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Abrupt life changes imposed by the lockdown measures, with a direct impact on teaching methodology and social interactions, as well as sleeping patterns, harmed university students' mental health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between satisfaction with online teaching, social interaction with depression, anxiety symptomatology, and to analyze the effects of the pandemic and the lockdown in mental care access. Methods: The online survey collected demographic data, satisfaction with online teaching, and social interaction. We evaluated the depression and anxiety symptomatology using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, respectively. For the PHQ-9, we used the cut-off 15 for moderately severe depressive symptoms, whereas for GAD-7, we recurred to the cut-off 10 for moderately severe anxiety symptoms. This study used three data points: October 2019, June 2020, and March 2021. Findings: The study included n = 366 participants from all university study fields, with a mean age of 21.71 (SD = 1.42) in the last survey, and 71.3% were women. Depressive symptoms increased significantly from October 2019 to June 2020, and the mean scores grew until March 2021. Anxiety symptoms also significantly increased from October 2019 to June 2020; however, from June 2020 to March 2021, there was a non-significant decrease in the proportion. Mean scores for satisfaction with online teaching were 38.23% in June 2020 and 34.25% in March 2021, a non-significant difference. Satisfaction with social interaction significantly decreased from 37.35% in 2020 to 24.41% in 2021. Participants with scores above the cut-off of moderately severe and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms showed significantly lower satisfaction with online teaching than students with lower depression and anxiety scores. Despite the significant increase in clinical symptomatology, help-seeking behaviors did not change accordingly, and more than 50% of the students with mild or severe depressive and anxiety symptomatology did not get treatment during the pandemic. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that most students are dissatisfied with online teaching and the type of social interaction they were forced to adopt because of the pandemic. The severity of depressive and anxiety symptomatology significantly increased between October 2019 and March 2021, but help-seeking behaviors did not increase accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Conceição
- The Epidemiology Research Unit–Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Rothes
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gusmão
- The Epidemiology Research Unit–Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
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