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Liu W, Huang K, Wu Y, Duan J, Wang R, Zhang Y, Xu M, Yang L, Yang C. The predictive value of mBDNF for major adverse cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease patients with depressive symptoms: A single-center, 5-year follow-up study. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106608. [PMID: 39025271 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myokines play vital roles in both stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and depression. Meanwhile, there is a pressing necessity to find effective biomarkers for early predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in SCAD patients with depressive symptoms. METHODS A single-center, 5-year follow-up study was investigated. MACE was defined as composite end points, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, coronary artery revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS A total of 116 SCAD patients were enrolled, consisting of 30 cases (25.9%) without depressive symptoms and 86 cases (74.1%) with depressive symptoms. During the follow-up, 3 patients (2.6%) were lost. Out of 113 patients, 51 (45.1%) experienced MACE. In the subgroup of 84 SCAD patients with depressive symptoms, 44 cases (52.4%) of MACE were observed. Finally, mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, smoking history, hypertension and cystatin C were incorporated into the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms represent an independent risk factor for MACE in patients with SCAD. Additionally, low mBDNF expression may be an important early predictor for MACE in SCAD patients with depressive symptoms. The predictive model may exhibit a commendable predictive performance for MACE in SCAD patients with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yeshun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Jiahao Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ruting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Echocardiography and Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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2
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Dong T, Yu C, Mao Q, Han F, Yang Z, Yang Z, Pires N, Wei X, Jing W, Lin Q, Hu F, Hu X, Zhao L, Jiang Z. Advances in biosensors for major depressive disorder diagnostic biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116291. [PMID: 38735080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and is mainly characterized by low mood or lack of interest and pleasure. It can be accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive and behavioral changes and may lead to suicide risk in severe cases. Due to the subjectivity of diagnostic methods and the complexity of patients' conditions, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has always been a difficult problem in psychiatry. With the discovery of more diagnostic biomarkers associated with MDD in recent years, especially emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it is possible to quantify the condition of patients with mental illness based on biomarker levels. Point-of-care biosensors have emerged due to their advantages of convenient sampling, rapid detection, miniaturization, and portability. After summarizing the pathogenesis of MDD, representative biomarkers, including proteins, hormones, and RNAs, are discussed. Furthermore, we analyzed recent advances in biosensors for detecting various types of biomarkers of MDD, highlighting representative electrochemical sensors. Future trends in terms of new biomarkers, new sample processing methods, and new detection modalities are expected to provide a complete reference for psychiatrists and biomedical engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Qi Mao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Feng Han
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fei Hu
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Smart Justice, School of Criminal Investigation, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Libo Zhao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Chang Z, Wang QY, Li LH, Jiang B, Zhou XM, Zhu H, Sun YP, Pan X, Tu XX, Wang W, Liu CY, Kuang HX. Potential Plausible Role of Stem Cell for Treating Depressive Disorder: a Retrospective Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4454-4472. [PMID: 38097915 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Depression poses a significant threat to global physical and mental health, impacting around 3.8% of the population with a rising incidence. Current treatment options primarily involve medication and psychological support, yet their effectiveness remains limited, contributing to high relapse rates. There is an urgent need for innovative and more efficacious treatment modalities. Stem cell therapy, a promising avenue in regenerative medicine for a spectrum of neurodegenerative conditions, has recently garnered attention for its potential application in depression. While much of this work remains preclinical, it has demonstrated considerable promise. Identified mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of stem cell therapy encompass the stimulation of neurotrophic factors, immune function modulation, and augmented monoamine levels. Nonetheless, these pathways and other undiscovered mechanisms necessitate further investigation. Depression fundamentally manifests as a neurodegenerative disorder. Given stem cell therapy's success in addressing a range of neurodegenerative pathologies, it opens the door to explore its application in depression treatment. This exploration may include repairing damaged nerves directly or indirectly and inhibiting neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, significant challenges must be overcome before stem cell therapies can be applied clinically. Successful resolution of these issues will ultimately determine the feasibility of incorporating stem cell therapies into the clinical landscape. This narrative review provides insights into the progress of research, potential avenues for exploration, and the prevailing challenges in the implementation of stem cell therapy for treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Qing-Yi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Lu-Hao Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Xu Tu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chen-Yue Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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Wang Z, Hu Q, Tian C, Wang R, Jiao Q, Chen F, Wu T, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu A, Zhang W, Li J, Shen H. Prophylactic Effects of n-Acethylcysteine on Inflammation-induced Depression-like Behaviors in Mice. Neuroscience 2024; 549:42-54. [PMID: 38729599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression, affecting individuals worldwide, is a prevalent mental disease, with an increasing incidence. Numerous studies have been conducted on depression, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive. Recent advancements in research indicate that disturbances in synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and reduced neurotrophic factor expression significantly contribute to depression's pathogenesis. In our study, we utilized adult male C57BL/6J mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce both chronic and acute depression-like symptoms in mice, a widely used model for studying depression associated with inflammation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits anti-inflammatory and ameliorative effects on depressive symptoms. This study sought to determine whether NAC use could mitigate inflammatory depressive behavior through the enhancement of synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this study, we discovered that in mice modeled with depression-like symptoms, the expression levels of dendrites, BDNF, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential (mEPSC) in glutamatergic neurons, as well as the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPARs) GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, were significantly decreased. These findings suggest an impairment in the synaptic transmission of glutamatergic neurons. Following treatment with NAC, the previously mentioned levels improved, indicating an enhancement in both synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Our results suggest that NAC exerts a protective effect on mouse models of inflammatory depression, potentially through the enhancement of synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as the restoration of neurotrophic factor expression. These findings offer vital animal experimental evidence supporting NAC's role in mitigating inflammatory depressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Comprehensive Development Service Center, Tianjin Baodi District Health Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyan Jiao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Lin J, Xiao L, Nie X, Wang Z, Luo Y, Zhang L, Liu Y. Investigating the role of TGF-β and BDNF in cancer-related depression: a primary cross-sectional study. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:365. [PMID: 38758235 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-related depression is a well-documented condition that significantly impacts long-term quality of life. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity, has been implicated in various neuropsychological disorders including depression associated with cancer. Cytokines, on the other hand, play a crucial role in regulating depression, potentially by influencing BDNF expression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a key immune regulator within the tumor microenvironment, has been found to elevate BDNF levels, establishing a link between peripheral immune responses and depression. The study aims to investigate the correlation of TGF-β and BDNF in cancer-related depression. METHODS This study involved a cohort of 153 gynecological patients, including 61 patients with gynecological cancer and 92 patients without cancer. Depression levels were assessed using the subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and TGF-β and BDNF plasma levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The study revealed elevated plasma TGF-β levels in patients with cancer (32.24 ± 22.93 ng/ml) compared to those without cancer (25.24 ± 19.72 ng/ml) (P = 0.046). Additionally, reduced levels of BDNF were observed in patients presenting depression symptoms (44.96 ± 41.06 pg/ml) compared to those without depression (133.5 ± 176.7 pg/ml) (P = 0.036). Importantly, a significant correlation between TGF-β and BDNF was found in patients without cancer but with depression (correlation coefficient = 0.893, **P < 0.01). Interestingly, cancer appeared to influence the association between TGF-β and BDNF in patients with depression, as evidenced by a significant difference in the correlation of TGF-β and BDNF between cancer and non-cancer groups (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the active involvement of TGF-β and BDNF crosstalk in the context of cancer-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lin
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Health College, Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinchen Nie
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yawei Liu
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Xie XH, Xu SX, Yao L, Chen MM, Zhang H, Wang C, Nagy C, Liu Z. Altered in vivo early neurogenesis traits in patients with depression: Evidence from neuron-derived extracellular vesicles and electroconvulsive therapy. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:19-28. [PMID: 38101468 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurogenesis hypothesis is a promising candidate etiologic hypothesis for depression, and it is associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, human in vivo molecular-level evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE We used neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as a "window to the neurons" to explore the in vivo neurogenesis status associated with ECT in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHODS In this study, we enrolled 40 patients with TRD and 35 healthy controls (HCs). We isolated NDEVs from the plasma of each participant to test the levels of doublecortin (DCX), a marker of neurogenesis, and cluster of differentiation (CD) 81, a marker of EVs. We also assessed the plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that is known to be associated with ECT and neuroplastic processes. RESULTS Our findings indicated that both the levels of DCX in NDEVs and BDNF in plasma were significantly lower in TRD patients compared to HCs at baseline, but increased following ECTs. Conversely, levels of CD81 in NDEVs were found higher in TRD patients at baseline, but did not change after the ECT treatments. Exploratory analyses revealed that lower levels of BDNF in plasma and DCX in NDEVs, along with higher CD81 levels in NDEVs, were associated with more severe depressive symptoms and reduced cognitive function at baseline. Furthermore, higher baseline CD81 concentrations in NDEVs were correlated with greater decreases in depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We first present human in vivo evidence of early neurogenesis using DCX through NDEVs: decreased in TRD patients, increased after ECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mian-Mian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Honghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Corina Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Taikang center for life and medical sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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7
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Tuon L, Tramontin NS, Custódio I, Comim VH, Costa B, Tietbohl LTW, Muller AP. Serum Biomarkers to Mild Cognitive Deficits in Children and Adolescents. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7080-7087. [PMID: 37526895 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both cognitive development and adaptive behavior. The diagnosis is made through clinical assessment, standardized tests, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Genetic, inflammation, oxidative stress, and diet have been suggested to contribute to ID, and biomarkers could potentially aid in diagnosis and treatment. Study included children and adolescents aged 6-16 years. The ID group (n = 16) and the control group (n = 18) underwent the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) test, and blood samples were collected. Correlations between biomarker levels and WISC-IV test scores were analyzed. The ID group had an IQ score below 75, and the values of four domains (IQ, IOP, IMO, and IVP) were lower compared to the control group. Serum levels of FKN, NGF-β, and vitamin B12 were decreased in the ID group, while DCFH and nitrite levels were increased. Positive correlations were found between FKN and the QIT and IOP domains, NGF and the QIT and IMO domains, and vitamin B12 and the ICV domain. TNF-α showed a negative correlation with the ICV domain. Our study identified FKN, NGF-β, and vitamin B12 as potential biomarkers specific to ID, which could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of ID. TNF-α and oxidative stress biomarkers suggest that ID has a complex etiology, and further research is needed to better understand this condition and develop effective treatments. Future studies could explore the potential implications of these biomarkers and develop targeted interventions based on their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Tuon
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Custódio
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Comim
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Barbara Costa
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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8
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Shi J, Song S, Wu K, Liang G, Wang A, Xu X. Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in endotoxaemia-induced acute lung injury. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1456-1465. [PMID: 37909847 PMCID: PMC10988478 DOI: 10.1113/ep091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is a pulmonary manifestation of a systemic reactive inflammatory syndrome, is a serious disease with high mortality, and sepsis is an important risk factor in the development of ALI. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the nerve growth factor family. It plays an essential role in the regulation of the modification of synaptic efficacy and brain metabolic activity and enhances neuronal survival. However, the role and underlying mechanism of BDNF in sepsis-induced ALI remain unclear. Here, we sought to observe the expression of BDNF in the lung tissues of mice. C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into two groups: saline (n = 4) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (n = 4). We found that BDNF expression was elevated in the lung tissues of septic mice. Furthermore, we found that BDNF colocalized with aquaporin 5, a marker for type I alveolar epithelial cells, by immunofluorescence staining. In addition, we also found that tropomyosin-related kinase B, the specific receptor of BDNF, colocalized with surfactant protein C, a marker for type II alveolar epithelial cells, by immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the present study indicated that BDNF may alleviate excessive LPS-induced autophagy in alveolar epithelial cells. Overall, we hypothesize that BDNF expression increases in the lung tissues of septic mice as a compensatory mechanism to ameliorate sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting excessive alveolar epithelial cell autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Shi
- College of Fisheries and Life ScienceShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kaixuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Gui Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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9
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Jafarabady K, Shafiee A, Bahri RA, Rajai Firouzabadi S, Mohammadi I, Amini MJ. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in perinatal depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023. [PMID: 37974390 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize the available evidence and determine the overall brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in individuals diagnosed with perinatal depression (PND). METHODS We performed a thorough search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, from their start until April 30, 2023. Our search strategy involved using specific keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH) terms related to BDNF, perinatal, post-partum, and antepartum depression. In the meta-analysis, we employed a random-effects model, and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate any variations in the results. RESULTS A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 10 were used in the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in BDNF levels in both individuals with antepartum depression (SMD: -0.31; 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.13; p-value = 0.0008; I2 = 71%), and post-partum depression (SMD: -0.61; 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.22; p-value = 0.0002 I2 = 77%). Furthermore, a significantly higher rate of PND among individuals in the lowest BDNF quartile (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.01 to 6.89; p-value = 0.05; I2 = 90%) was seen. The results of subgroup analyses showed a statistically significant effect of the depression assessment tool on overall heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of lower BDNF protein levels in individuals diagnosed with PND. The results indicate that BDNF dysregulation may play a part in the development of PND. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this and explore potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyana Jafarabady
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arman Shafiee
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Ida Mohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Liu QR, Zong QK, Ding LL, Dai HY, Sun Y, Dong YY, Ren ZY, Hashimoto K, Yang JJ. Effects of perioperative use of esketamine on postpartum depression risk in patients undergoing cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:815-822. [PMID: 37482224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent public health issue. Although ketamine has prophylactic effects on PPD in women undergoing cesarean section, the effects of esketamine on PPD remain unclear. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative esketamine infusion on PPD risk by assessing Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and blood biomarkers. METHODS A total of 150 participants undergoing elective cesarean section were randomly allocated to receive either esketamine or normal saline. Since 27 participants were excluded due to consent withdrawal or loss to follow-up, 123 patients were included. The primary outcome was the prevalence of PPD risk. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of postpartum anxiety (PPA) risk, levels of biomarkers, postoperative pain intensity, and cumulative sufentanil consumption. RESULTS The prevalence of PPD and PPA risk at 3 days, 42 days, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, EPDS scores, pain intensity at rest, and during coughing on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 2 did not differ between the two groups. Sufentanil consumption during 0-12 h, 12-24 h, 0-24 h, and 0-48 h postoperatively were significantly lower in the esketamine group compared to the control group. Blood biomarkers did not differ between the two groups on POD 3. LIMITATIONS The sample size was small. PPD risk was simply screened, not diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative administration of esketamine did not decrease the incidence of PPD risk in women after elective cesarean section. However, esketamine reduced opioid consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ren Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Qian-Kun Zong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Li-Li Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Hong-Yan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, 214105, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi, 214105, China
| | - Yong-Yan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zhuo-Yu Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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11
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Valiuliene G, Valiulis V, Zentelyte A, Dapsys K, Germanavicius A, Navakauskiene R. Anti-neuroinflammatory microRNA-146a-5p as a potential biomarker for neuronavigation-guided rTMS therapy success in medication resistant depression disorder. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115313. [PMID: 37572636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a challenging issue to address. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is commonly used but shows varying efficacy, necessitating a deeper understanding of depression physiology and rTMS mechanisms. Notably, an increasing amount of recent data has displayed the connection of TRD and its clinical outcome with chronic inflammatory processes. The current study included 19 TRD patients undergoing rTMS and 11 depressed patients responding to medication as a comparison group. We assessed therapeutic efficacy using MADRS, HAM-D-17, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 tests. Inflammatory markers, neurotrophins, and associated miRNAs were measured in patients blood serum before and during treatment. A control group of 18 healthy individuals provided baseline data. The results of our study showed significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins-6 and - 8 in TRD patients compared to drug-responders, which also related to more severe symptoms before treatment. In addition, TRD patients, both before and during treatment, exhibited higher average blood serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 and lower levels of anti-neuroinflammatory miR-146a-5p compared to healthy controls. We also observed that the expression of miR-16-5p, miR-93-5p, and especially miR-146a-5p correlated with clinical changes following rTMS. Our study confirmed that TRD patients possess a higher inflammatory status, while the anti-neuroinflammatory miR-146a-5p was demonstrated to have a considerable potential for predicting their rTMS treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Valiuliene
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Vladas Valiulis
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Zentelyte
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kastytis Dapsys
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Germanavicius
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital, Parko str. 21, LT-11205 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ruta Navakauskiene
- Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Permoda-Pachuta A, Malewska-Kasprzak M, Skibińska M, Rzepski K, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. Changes in Adipokine, Resitin, and BDNF Concentrations in Treatment-Resistant Depression after Electroconvulsive Therapy. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1358. [PMID: 37891727 PMCID: PMC10605107 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the current challenges in psychiatry is the search for answers on how to effectively manage drug-resistant depression. The occurrence of drug resistance in patients is an indication for the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This method is highly effective and usually results in relatively quick health improvement. Despite the knowledge of how ECT works, not all of the biological pathways activated during its use have been identified. Hence, based on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of depression, we investigated the concentration of two opposite-acting adipokines (anti-inflammatory adiponectin and proinflammatory resistin) and BDNF in antidepressant-resistant patients undergoing ECT. METHODS The study group comprised 52 patients hospitalized due to episodes of depression in the course of unipolar and bipolar affective disorder. The serum concentration of adipokines and BDNF was determined before and after the therapeutic intervention using an ELISA method. In the analyses, we also included comparisons considering the type of depression, sex, and achieving remission. RESULTS Adiponectin, resistin, and BDNF concentrations change after ECT treatment. These changes are correlated with an improvement in the severity of depressive symptoms and are more or less pronounced depending on the type of depression. CONCLUSIONS Although not all observed changes reach statistical significance, adipokines in particular remain exciting candidates for biomarkers in assessing the course of the disease and response to ECT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Skibińska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rzepski
- Mental Health Center at the HCP Medical Center, 61-485 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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13
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Kosanovic Rajacic B, Sagud M, Begic D, Nikolac Perkovic M, Dvojkovic A, Ganoci L, Pivac N. Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in First-Episode and Recurrent Major Depression and before and after Bright Light Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1425. [PMID: 37759825 PMCID: PMC10526351 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the etiology and treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, peripheral BDNF concentrations have not been compared across different MDD stages. Bright light therapy (BLT) offers some potential in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but its effects on BDNF levels are unknown. This study included a cross-sectional analysis of plasma BDNF concentration in females with TRD, unmedicated MDD patients, and healthy controls (HC), and measurements of longitudinal BLT effects on plasma BDNF levels in TRD patients. The present study included 55 drug-naïve, first-episode patients, 25 drug-free recurrent-episode MDD patients, 71 HC participants, and 54 TRD patients. Patients were rated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)-17 and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Patients with TRD received BLT during 4 weeks. The total HAMD-17 and MADRS scores decreased following BLT. All patient groups had lower plasma BDNF than HC, but BDNF levels did not differ between first- and recurrent-episode BDNF patients and TRD patients before or after BLT. However, responders and remitters to BLT had higher post-treatment plasma BDNF concentrations than patients who did not achieve response or remission. The changes in plasma BDNF levels may be candidates for biomarkers of treatment response to BLT in TRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Kosanovic Rajacic
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.K.R.); (M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Marina Sagud
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.K.R.); (M.S.); (D.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Drazen Begic
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.K.R.); (M.S.); (D.B.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Anja Dvojkovic
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lana Ganoci
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division for Pharmacogenomics and Therapy Individualization, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- University of Applied Sciences Hrvatsko Zagorje Krapina, 49000 Krapina, Croatia
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14
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Szota AM, Kowalewska B, Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska M, Dróżdż W. The Influence of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Plasma Level in Patients with Schizophrenia-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5728. [PMID: 37685795 PMCID: PMC10488522 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish whether there is a correlation between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) treatment and the reduction in psychotic symptoms in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase was conducted up to March 2023. Inclusion criteria: studies in which adult patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotic medication received ECT therapy and had the BDNF level measured before and after ECT treatment. Exclusion criteria: animal and in vitro studies or studies not involving complete information about the treatment and concentration of BDNF in plasma. The risk of bias was assessed using Egger's regression-based test for meta-analysis with continuous outcomes. Six studies comprising 248 individuals with schizophrenia were included. A statistically significant increase in BDNF levels after ECT treatment was observed only in two studies (p < 0.001 and p < 0.027, respectively), whereas in four other studies, an upward trend without statistical significance was noticed. The estimated overall size effect revealed that ECT therapy caused a slight change in the BDNF level but without statistical significance (ES = -0.328). Different numbers of ECT procedures (4-10), final measurement of the BDNF level made at a different time point, using bilateral or unilateral electrode positioning during ECT and treatment with different combinations of typical or atypical antipsychotic medications may be potential reasons for the lack of statistical significance in the changes in BDNF levels after treatment. Data regarding the measurement of BDNF levels pre and post ECT therapy in patients with schizophrenia are very limited without an extended follow-up period and evaluation of mental health change. Our meta-analysis showed that treatment with ECT therapy and antipsychotic medication increases serum BDNF levels in patients with drug-resistant schizophrenia compared to patients treated with medication only; however, this effect is not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Szota
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Beata Kowalewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jagiellońska Street 13-15, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Wiktor Dróżdż
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Curie-Skłodowskiej Street 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.K.); (W.D.)
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15
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Mina S, Dhiman R, Singal P, Gangopadhyay S, Verma P, Kathuria S. A study of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder and their first-degree relatives as compared to the healthy population. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:922-927. [PMID: 37841544 PMCID: PMC10569320 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_290_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The nosological tradition in psychiatry defines diagnostic criteria for disorders based on expert consensus than objective biological markers reflecting underlying neurobiological correlates. Endophenotypes have been researched as heritable biological markers that can be quantified and defined to represent intermediate measures of a psychiatric illness. In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), various putative biomarkers such as neuropsychological, neurophysiological, neuroradiological, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), etc., have been explored. Aim The study aimed to compare levels of serum BDNF in individuals with OCD and their unaffected first-degree relatives (FDR) with healthy controls (HC). Methods This cross-sectional study compared serum BDNF levels in medication-free/naive individuals with OCD (n = 30) to their FDR (n = 30) and age-sex matched HC (n = 30). Intergroup comparison was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's test. Correlation analysis was conducted to find the relationship of sociodemographic and clinical correlates to serum BDNF as well as dimensional subtypes of OCD. Results No significant difference in BDNF levels was observed between OCD and HC (P = 0.13) but a significantly higher level was found in the FDR group compared to age-sex matched HC (P = 0.02). Conclusion BDNF levels may have a complex interplay influencing the genetic inheritance and clinical manifestations of OCD. Further research is required before considering it a viable biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaily Mina
- Department of Psychiatry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Dhiman
- Department of Psychiatry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Prakamya Singal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukanya Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Verma
- Department of Psychiatry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Kathuria
- Department of Psychiatry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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16
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Tateishi H, Matsushima J, Kunitake H, Imamura Y, Kunitake Y, Murakawa T, Mawatari S, Kojima R, Fujii Y, Kikuchi J, Fukuchi J, Sakemura Y, Shiraishi T, Nagahama C, Maekawa T, Asami T, Mizoguchi Y, Monji A. Serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 was not altered by rTMS in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:222-227. [PMID: 36907597 PMCID: PMC10275288 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the most effective and minimally invasive treatments for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of rTMS in patients with TRD remains unclear. In recent years, the pathogenesis of depression has been closely associated with chronic inflammation and microglia are believed to play an important role in chronic inflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) plays an important role in microglial neuroinflammatory regulation. In this study, we investigated the changes in peripheral soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) before and after rTMS treatment in patients with TRD. METHODS Twenty-six patients with TRD were enrolled in this frequency (10 Hz) rTMS study. Depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and serum sTREM2 concentrations were measured at baseline and the end of the 6-week rTMS treatment. RESULTS This study showed that rTMS ameliorated depressive symptoms and partially improved cognitive dysfunction in TRD. However, rTMS treatment did not alter serum sTREM2 levels. CONCLUSIONS This is the first sTREM2 study in patients with TRD who underwent rTMS treatment. These results suggest that serum sTREM2 may not be relevant for the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of rTMS in patients with TRD. Future studies should confirm the present findings using a larger patient sample and a sham rTMS procedure, as well as CSF sTREM2. Furthermore, a longitudinal study should be conducted to clarify the effects of rTMS on sTREM2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tateishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Jun Matsushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Hiroko Kunitake
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Yoshiomi Imamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Yutaka Kunitake
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Toru Murakawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Seiji Mawatari
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Ryohei Kojima
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Yuka Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Junko Fukuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Yuta Sakemura
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Takumi Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Chika Nagahama
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Toshihiko Maekawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toyoko Asami
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
| | - Yoshito Mizoguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Akira Monji
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
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17
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Wang Z, Zou Z, Xiao J, Min W, Nan LP, Yuan C, Yuan L, Yang C, Huang R, He Y. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor blood levels after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023; 83:86-92. [PMID: 37148598 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple studies have indicated that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) could increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in patients with different mental disorders. The aim of this synthesis was to evaluate post-ECT BDNF concentrations in patients with various mental disorders. METHODS The Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies in English comparing BDNF concentrations before and after ECT through 11/2022. We extracted the pertinent information from the included studies and evaluated their quality. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to quantify BDNF concentration differences. RESULTS In total, 35 studies assessed BDNF concentrations in 868 and 859 patients pre and post-ECT treatment, respectively. Post-ECT-treatment BDNF concentrations were significantly higher than the pretreatment concentrations (Hedges'g = -0.50, 95% CI (-0.70, -0.30), heterogeneity I2 = 74%, p < 0.001). The analysis that combined both ECT responders and non-responders demonstrated a marked increase in total BDNF levels subsequent to ECT treatment (Hedges'g = -0.27, 95% CI (-0.42, -0.11), heterogeneity I2 = 40%, p = 0.0007). CONCLUSION Irrespective of the effectiveness of ECT, Our study shows that peripheral BDNF concentrations increase significantly after the entire course of ECT, which may enhance our comprehension of the interplay between ECT treatment and BDNF levels. However, BDNF concentrations were not associated with the effectiveness of ECT, and abnormal concentrations of BDNF may be linked to the pathophysiological process of mental illness, necessitating more future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxing Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Zhili Zou
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wenjiao Min
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cui Yuan
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chenghui Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying He
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.
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Nikolac Perkovic M, Gredicak M, Sagud M, Nedic Erjavec G, Uzun S, Pivac N. The association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with the diagnosis and treatment response in depression. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:283-296. [PMID: 37038358 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2200937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence from the studies evaluating the association between brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration/levels, BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism and major depressive disorders, referred as depression, and the association between BDNF levels and/or BDNF Val66Met with the treatment response in depression, is presented. AREAS COVERED This mini review focuses on the changes in the peripheral BDNF levels in blood (serum, plasma, platelets) in patients with depression before or after treatment with antidepressant drugs or different therapeutic strategies. In addition, this review describes the recent data on the possible association between different antidepressants/therapeutic strategies and the particular BDNF Val66Met genotypes, evaluating the risk alleles associated with the response in patients with depression. EXPERT OPINION BDNF has an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment response in depression. Most data reveal that peripheral BDNF levels are lower before than after antidepressant treatment and might be used as potential biomarkers of therapeutic response. Novel therapeutic strategies should target restoring/increasing BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Gredicak
- General Hospital Zabok and Hospital for the Croatian Veterans, Zabok, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine,University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Uzun
- School of Medicine,University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, Clinics for Psychiatry Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Zagorje Polytechnic Krapina,Krapina, Croatia
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Yoshimura R, Okamoto N, Chibaatar E, Natsuyama T, Ikenouchi A. The Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Increases in Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Responders Patients with First-Episode, Drug-Naïve Major Depression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020584. [PMID: 36831119 PMCID: PMC9953440 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a growth factor synthesized in the cell bodies of neurons and glia, which affects neuronal maturation, the survival of nervous system, and synaptic plasticity. BDNF play an important role in the pathophysiology of major depression (MD). The serum BDNF levels changed over time, or with the improvement in depressive symptoms. However, the change of serum BDNF during pharmacotherapy remains obscure in MDD. In particular, the changes in serum BDNF associated with pharmacotherapy have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to compare the changes in serum BDNF concentrations in first-episode, drug-naive patients with MD treated with antidepressants between treatment-response and treatment-nonresponse groups. The study included 35 inpatients and outpatients composed of 15 males and 20 females aged 36.7 ± 6.8 years at the Department of Psychiatry of our University Hospital. All patients met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for MD. The antidepressants administered included paroxetine, duloxetine, and escitalopram. Severity of depressive state was assessed using the 17-item HAMD before and 8 weeks after drug administration. Responders were defined as those whose total HAMD scores at 8 weeks had decreased by 50% or more compared to those before drug administration, while non-responders were those whose total HAMD scores had decreased by less than 50%. Here we showed that serum BDNF levels were not significantly different at any point between the two groups. The responder group, but not the non-responder group, showed statistically significant changes in serum BDNF 0 and serum BDNF 8. The results suggest that the changes of serum BDNF might differ between the two groups. The measurement of serum BDNF has the potential to be a useful predictor of pharmacotherapy in patients with first-episode, drug-naïve MD.
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Walker AJ, Mohebbi M, Maes M, Berk M, Walder K, Bortolasci CC, Liu ZSJ, Ng CH, Ashton MM, Berk L, Singh AB, Malhi GS, Dean OM. Adjunctive minocycline for major depressive disorder: A sub-study exploring peripheral immune-inflammatory markers and associated treatment response. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 27:100581. [PMID: 36632339 PMCID: PMC9826878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adjunctive minocycline shows promise in treating affective and psychotic disorders; however, the therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. Identifying relevant biomarkers may enhance the efficacy of novel adjunctive treatment candidates. We thus investigated the peripheral immune-inflammatory profile in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of minocycline in major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods This sub-study investigated serum samples from a RCT evaluating minocycline (200 mg/day, 12 weeks) in addition to treatment as usual for MDD (ACTRN12612000283875). Of the original sample (N = 71), serum assays were conducted in 47 participants (placebo n = 24; minocycline n = 23) targeting an array of 46 immune-inflammatory analytes including cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase reactants. General estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess whether analyte concentration at baseline (effect modification) and change in analytes (change association) influenced change in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score over time. The Benjamini-Hochberg approach was applied when adjusting for false discovery rates (FDR). Results GEE models revealed several interaction effects. After adjusting for FDR several change association-models survived correction. However, no such models remained significant for effect modification. Three-way group × time × marker interactions were significant for complement C3 (B = -10.46, 95%CI [-16.832, -4.095], q = 0.019) and IL-1Ra (B = -9.008, 95%CI [-15.26, -2.751], q = 0.036). Two-way group × biomarker interactions were significant for ICAM-1/CD54 (B = -0.387, 95%CI [-0.513, -0.26], q < 0.001) and IL-8/CXCL8 (B = -4.586, 95%CI [-7.698, -1.475], q = 0.036) indicating that increases in the serum concentration of these analytes were associated with an improvement in MADRS scores in the minocycline group (compared with placebo). Conclusions Change in complement C3, IL-1Ra, IL-8/CXCL8, and ICAM-1 may be associated with greater change in depressive scores following adjunctive minocycline treatment in MDD. Further investigations are needed to assess the utility of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Walker
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia,Corresponding author. Deakin University, IMPACT, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, HERB B Level 3, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia.
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia,Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plodiv, Plodiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Orygen, National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chiara C. Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Zoe SJ. Liu
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Australia
| | - Melanie M. Ashton
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lesley Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ajeet B. Singh
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Gin S. Malhi
- CADE Clinic and Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Olivia M. Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Gabryelska A, Turkiewicz S, Ditmer M, Karuga FF, Strzelecki D, Białasiewicz P, Sochal M. BDNF and proBDNF Serum Protein Levels in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients and Their Involvement in Insomnia and Depression Symptoms. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237135. [PMID: 36498709 PMCID: PMC9738137 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder that, apart from somatic sequelae, increases the risk of developing psychiatric conditions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of depression and insomnia. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate differences in concentrations of BDNF and proBDNF in patients with OSA and healthy individuals, to evaluate diurnal changes of these proteins, and to assess the correlations with psychiatric symptoms. Methods: Sixty individuals following polysomnography (PSG) were divided into two groups based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): OSA patients (AHI ≥ 30; n = 30) and control group (AHI < 5; n = 30). Participants filled out questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Peripheral blood was collected before and after PSG. Protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. OSA group was divided into subgroups: AIS (−)/AIS (+) (AIS > 5), PSQI (−)/PSQI (+) (PSQI > 5), and BDI (−)/BDI (+) (BDI > 19). Results: No differences in BDNF and proBDNF protein levels were observed between OSA and the control groups. However, BDNF and proBDNF evening protein concentrations were higher in the AIS (+) and PSQI (+) groups (p < 0.001 for all). The BDI (+) group was characterized by lower morning levels of both proteins (p = 0.047 and p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: BDNF signaling pathway might be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and insomnia in patients with OSA. BDNF and proBDNF protein levels might be useful in defining OSA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Szymon Turkiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Ditmer
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Filip Franciszek Karuga
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.S.)
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