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Park CS, Choi J, Kwak S, Lee SP, Kim HK, Kim YJ, Kwak SH, Park JB. Association between personality, lifestyle behaviors, and cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study of UK Biobank data. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e004244. [PMID: 39256051 PMCID: PMC11409273 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various strategies aim to better assess risks and refine prevention for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who vary in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the prognostic value of personality and its association with lifestyle factors remain elusive. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We identified 8794 patients with T2DM from the UK Biobank database between 2006 and 2010 and followed them up until the end of 2021. We assessed personality traits using the Big Five proxies derived from UK Biobank data: sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity, and nervousness. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were determined from information about obesity, smoking status, and physical activity. The primary outcome was a composite of incident CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, a total of 2110 patients experienced CVDs. Among personality traits, diligence was significantly associated with a reduced risk of primary and secondary outcomes. The adjusted HRs with 95% CIs were: composite CVD, 0.93 (0.89-0.97); MI 0.90 (0.82-1.00); IS 0.83 (0.74-0.94); AF 0.92 (0.85-0.98); HF 0.84 (0.76-0.91). Healthy lifestyle behaviors significantly reduced the risk of composite CVDs in groups with high and low diligence. The findings of a structural equation model showed that diligence directly affected the risk of the primary outcome or indirectly by modifying lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSION This study revealed which personality traits can influence CVD risk during T2DM and how patients might benefit from adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors in relation to personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Soon Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Division of Data Science Research, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soongu Kwak
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Division of Data Science Research, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang X, Sun P, Yao X, Kou Y. The reciprocal relationship between prosocial behaviour and self-perceived physical health: The role of positive affect and openness to experience. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241267095. [PMID: 39077848 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241267095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study used a cross-lagged design to explore the bidirectional relationship between adolescents' prosocial behaviour and self-perceived physical health and to explore the mediating role of positive affect and the moderating role of openness to experience. A total of 1525 middle school students (Mage = 12.41, 47% male) in northern China were surveyed for 3 years. The results showed the following: (1) prosocial behaviour at T1 positively predicted self-perceived physical health at T3; and vice versa; and (2) this observed relation between prosocial behaviour and self-perceived physical health was explained by positive affect; (3) the mediating role of positive affect on the path from prosocial behaviour at T1 to self-perceived physical health at T3 was observed only among adolescents with high openness traits. This finding verified the protective effect of prosocial behaviour on the healthy development of the actor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaonan Yao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Kou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Lone A, Othman Albotuaiba A. Association Between Big Five Personality Traits and Hypertension in Saudi Patients: A Case Control Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3427-3435. [PMID: 37664136 PMCID: PMC10473415 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s416828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between personality traits and hypertension is complex and has so far not been studied in depth. Objective The present study aims to explore the connection between the Big Five personality traits and hypertension. Methods This case control study includes 310 participants, and the relationship between personality traits and hypertension was investigated in normotensive and hypertensive patients by the Big Five Inventory-10. We examined the association of each of the Big Five personality traits in hypertensive patients and a control group using binary logistic regression analysis. Results The findings of the study revealed that amongst the Big Five personality factors, low conscientiousness (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92-1.29, P<0.005) and high neuroticism (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45-0.66, P<0.001) were related with high risk of hypertension. Male, older people, and physically inactive individuals have been found to be at a higher risk of hypertension. No significant relationship was found between hypertension and marital status, education, or smoking habits. Conclusion These results suggested that a low score in conscientiousness trait and a high neuroticism score may be an additional risk factor of hypertension. Thus, it may be worthy to investigate further in order to identify patients at risk and develop a more individual treatment strategy. Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological options can be used preemptively in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoob Lone
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, AlHasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Kang W, Malvaso A. Personality Traits Predict Self-Rated Health (SRH) in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patients and Healthy Controls. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111645. [PMID: 37297784 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study is to examine the association between Big Five personality traits and self-rated health (SRH) among individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), and to compare this relationship with that of healthy control participants, which is of importance as SRH can be a determinant of outcomes. METHODS The current study used data from 566 participants with CHD with a mean age of 63.00 (S.D. = 15.23) years old (61.13% males) and 8608 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with a mean age of 63.87 (S.D.= 9.60) years old (61.93% males) from the UKHLS. The current study used predictive normative modelling approaches, one-sample t tests, a hierarchical regression, and two multiple regressions. RESULTS The current study found that CHD patients have significantly lower Conscientiousness (t(565) = -3.84, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [-0.28, -0.09], Cohen's d = -0.16) and SRH (t(565) = -13.83, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [-0.68, -0.51], and Cohen's d = -0.58) scores compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls. Moreover, health status (controls vs. CHD patients) moderated the links between Neuroticism, Extraversion and SRH. Specifically, Neuroticism (b = -0.03, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. [-0.04, -0.01]), Openness (b = 0.04, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [0.02, 0.06]), and Conscientiousness (b = 0.08, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [0.06, 0.10]) were significant predictors of SRH in healthy controls, whereas Conscientiousness (b = 0.08, p < 0.05, 95% C.I. [0.01, 0.16]) and Extraversion (b = -0.09, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. [-0.15, -0.02]) were significant predictors of SRH in CHD patients. CONCLUSION Based on the close associations between personality traits and SRH, and the subsequent impact on patient outcomes, the results of this study should be taken into consideration by clinicians and health professionals when developing tailored treatment and intervention programs for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- UK DRI Care Research and Technology Centre, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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van Zutphen EM, Kok AAL, Muller M, Oude Voshaar RC, Rhebergen D, Huisman M, Beekman ATF. Cardiovascular risk indicators among depressed persons: A special case? J Affect Disord 2023; 329:335-342. [PMID: 36842656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional cardiovascular risk indicators only partially explain cardiovascular risks in depressed persons. Depressed persons may exhibit a profile of cardiovascular risk indicators that goes beyond traditional cardiovascular risk indicators, such as symptom severity, insomnia, loneliness and neuroticism, yet research on the added value of these depression-related characteristics in predicting cardiovascular risks of depressed persons is scarce. METHODS Data from N = 1028 depressed Dutch adults without prevalent CVD were derived from two longitudinal depression cohort studies. The outcome was medication-confirmed self-reported CVD. Fifteen depression-related clinical and psychological characteristics were included and tested against traditional cardiovascular risk indicators. Data were analysed using Cox regression models. Incremental values of these characteristics were calculated using c-statistics. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 65.3 months, 12.7% of the participants developed CVD. Only anxiety and depressive symptom severity were associated with incident CVD beyond traditional cardiovascular risk indicators. The c-statistic of the model with traditional cardiovascular risk indicators was 85.47%. This increased with 0.56 or 0.33 percentage points after inclusion of anxiety or depression severity, respectively. LIMITATIONS Other relevant depression-related characteristics were not available in the datasets used. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depressive symptom severity were indicative of an increased cardiovascular risk. Including these as additional risk indicators barely improved the ability to assess cardiovascular risks in depressed persons. Although traditional cardiovascular risk indicators performed well in depressed persons, existing risk prediction algorithms need to be validated in depressed persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M van Zutphen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Almar A L Kok
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Majon Muller
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard C Oude Voshaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Mental Health Care Institute GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Sociology, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dahlén AD, Miguet M, Schiöth HB, Rukh G. The influence of personality on the risk of myocardial infarction in UK Biobank cohort. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6706. [PMID: 35468914 PMCID: PMC9038723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Personality is a strong determinant for several health-related behaviours and has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the reports of personality's mediating role have been inconsistent with no data available from large population-based cohorts. The study aimed to create proxies for the Big Five personality traits, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism, to examine the longitudinal relationship between personality and myocardial infarction in the UK Biobank. The study sample comprised of 484,205 participants (55% female, 45% male, mean age 56.4 ± 8.1 years) from UK Biobank cohort with a mean follow-up of 7 years. The personality proxies sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity and nervousness were created using self-reported data on psychological factors, mental health and social support, to match the facets of the Big Five traits. As neuroticism is the only Big Five personality trait available in the UK Biobank, it was included to validate the personality proxies. Myocardial infarction outcome information was collected from hospital records, death registries or was self-reported. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratios (HR), respectively with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for demographics (age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity), health-related factors (BMI, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and lifestyle factors (alcohol intake, smoking, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Diligence was found to be significantly associated with lower prevalent myocardial infarction [OR: 0.87; (CI 0.84-0.89)] and lower incident myocardial infarction [HR: 0.88; (CI 0.85-0.92)]. Sociability was also protective against prevalent [OR: 0.89; (CI 0.87-0.92)] and incident [HR: 0.90; (CI 0.87-0.93)] myocardial infarction. Conversely, nervousness inferred a higher risk for both prevalent [OR: 1.10; (CI 1.08-1.12)] and incident [HR: 1.07; (CI 1.04-1.09)] myocardial infarction during follow-up. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that nervousness significantly increases the risk for incident myocardial infarction among women [HR: 1.13; (CI 1.08-1.19)] compared to men [HR: 1.05; (CI 1.02-1.08)]. By using our created proxies, we were able to investigate the impact of personality on the development of myocardial infarction. Persons with higher levels of diligence and sociability mimicking predominantly conscientiousness and extraversion personalities respectively are less likely to experience myocardial infarction, while personalities predominantly characterised by nervousness pose higher risk for developing myocardial infarction. These initial findings invite further validation of the use of the personality proxies in UK Biobank cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D Dahlén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BOX 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maud Miguet
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BOX 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BOX 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gull Rukh
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BOX 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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The personality traits activity, self-reproach, and negative affect jointly predict clinical recurrence, depressive symptoms, and low quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:848-866. [PMID: 35900592 PMCID: PMC9596530 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bidirectional "gut-brain axis" has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). While the influence of stress and depressive symptoms on IBD is well-characterized, the role of personality remains insufficiently investigated. METHODS Personality was assessed in 1154 Swiss IBD cohort study (SIBDCS) patients via the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) as well as in 2600 participants of the population-based CoLaus¦PsyCoLaus cohort study (NEO-FFI-revised). The NEO-FFI subcomponents activity, self-reproach and negative affect were associated with higher IBD disease activity and were combined to a NEO-FFI risk score. This risk score was validated and its effect on clinical IBD course and psychological endpoints was analysed in time-to-event and cumulative incidence analyses. RESULTS In time-to-event analyses, a high NEO-FFI risk score was predictive for the clinical endpoints of new extraintestinal manifestation [EIM, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.64, corrected p value (q) = 0.036] and two established composite flare endpoints (aHR = 1.53-1.63, q = 0.003-0.006) as well as for the psychological endpoints depressive symptoms (aHR = 7.06, q < 0.001) and low quality of life (aHR = 3.06, q < 0.001). Furthermore, cumulative incidence analyses showed that patients at high NEO-FFI risk experienced significantly more episodes of active disease, new EIMs, one of the flare endpoints, depressive episodes and low disease-related quality of life. Personalities of IBD patients showed only minor differences from the general population sample (Pearson's r = 0.03-0.14). CONCLUSIONS Personality assessed by the NEO-FFI contained considerable predictive power for disease recurrence, depressive symptoms and low quality of life in IBD patients. Nevertheless, the personalities of IBD patients did not substantially differ from the general population.
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Soye A, O'Súilleabháin PS. Facets of openness to experience are associated with cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation across both active and passive stress exposures. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 140:26-32. [PMID: 30946867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests the personality trait of Openness to Experience is associated with cardiovascular stress processes. It is unknown if the underlying facets of Openness are associated with cardiovascular responsivity, and whether adaptation is evident across active and passive stress. The objective of this study was to determine if the facets of Openness are related to cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation across active and passive stress exposures. Personality measures and continuous cardiovascular data from sixty-six female adults across a protocol of active and passive stress tasks were collated. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the facet of Feelings was associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity to active stress. Examination of cardiovascular adaption revealed that the facet of Feelings was positively associated with SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) adaptation, whereas the facet of Actions demonstrated a negative association. Supplementary analyses revealed the significant effects for Feelings were not reliant on the remaining Openness facets, whereas the significant effects for Actions were. No significant effects emerged for the higher-order trait of Openness. These findings suggest that the underlying facet of Feelings is associated with active stress reactivity, with the facets of Feelings and Actions appearing to be of importance to cardiovascular adaptation. This study is the first to demonstrate personality effects on cardiovascular adaptation across active and passive stress. Attending to the facets of personality traits may provide a more precise understanding of the personality effects on cardiovascular stress psychophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Soye
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Páraic S O'Súilleabháin
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Sahoo S, Padhy SK, Padhee B, Singla N, Sarkar S. Role of personality in cardiovascular diseases: An issue that needs to be focused too! Indian Heart J 2018; 70 Suppl 3:S471-S477. [PMID: 30595309 PMCID: PMC6310178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a broad overview of the relationship of personality with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There has been a sustained interest over the last half a century on the issue of relationship between personality traits and CVDs. Type A behavior was the initial focus of inquiry as it was observed that individuals who were competitive, hostile, and excessively driven were overrepresented among patients seeking treatment for CVDs and also were prone to develop coronary artery disease/syndrome. However, the research gradually expanded to assess the relationship of cardiac morbidity with various other personality facets. Furthermore, studies found out that negative effects (including anger and hostility) were also associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Subsequently, a new personality entity named as the type D ‘distressed’ personality, which combined negative affectivity and social inhibition. type D personality then became the area of research and was demonstrated to be related with poorer cardiac outcomes. Interestingly, the results of various research studies are not equivocal, and hence, there are several critiques related to the current understanding of the link between personality construct and the risk of development as well as the outcome of CVDs. Furthermore, few personality traits such as optimism, conscientiousness, openness to experience, and curiosity have been found to be protective factors against development of CVDs and therefore are called ‘cardioprotective’ personality traits. A detailed discussion on the various aspects of personality in relation to CVDs along with a critical appraisal has been presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnajeet Sahoo
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751019, India.
| | - Susanta Kumar Padhy
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751019, India.
| | - Binayananda Padhee
- Department of Cardiology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar 751025, India.
| | - Neha Singla
- National Health Mission, Kavaratti 682555, India.
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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O’Súilleabháin PS, Howard S, Hughes BM. Openness to experience and stress responsivity: An examination of cardiovascular and underlying hemodynamic trajectories within an acute stress exposure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199221. [PMID: 29912932 PMCID: PMC6005471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality trait openness to experience has been implicated in health, and in particular cardiovascular wellbeing. In a sample of 62 healthy young female adults, the role of openness in cardiovascular responsivity during a stress exposure was examined. Traditionally, methodologies have averaged a stress exposure into a single reading. This may be limited in that it does not consider patterns of cardiovascular adaptation within a stress exposure. Continuous cardiovascular data were reduced to mean 10 second readings, with phases determined through examinations of shifts in responsivity between each 10 second pairing. Analyses revealed a significant linear interaction for openness across the entire exposure for systolic blood pressure, and cardiac output. A significant between-subjects effect for heart rate also emerged. Contrary to their lower counterparts, those highest in openness exhibited an increasingly myocardial hemodynamic response profile throughout the exposure. Comparisons of responsivity suggests adaptive stress response trajectories for those highest in openness. This study also provides evidence that an attenuation of myocardial responsivity may underpin blunted responsivity. This study provides a potential mechanism in reported openness-health associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhán Howard
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brian M. Hughes
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Prentice M, Kasser T, Sheldon KM. Openness to experience predicts intrinsic value shifts after deliberating one's own death. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 42:205-215. [PMID: 28548618 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2017.1334016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences that might moderate processes of value shifting during and after deliberating one's own death remain largely unexplored. Two studies measured participants' openness and relative intrinsic-to-extrinsic value orientation (RIEVO) before randomly assigning them to conditions in which they wrote about their own death or dental pain for 6 days, after which RIEVO was assessed again up to 12 days later. When participants confronted thoughts about their own death over a sustained period, high openness to experience helped them shift toward intrinsic values. Implications for understanding openness' role in value reorientation from existential deliberation processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Prentice
- a Department of Psychology , Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem , North Carolina , USA
| | - Tim Kasser
- b Department of Psychology , Knox College , Galesburg , Illinois , USA
| | - Kennon M Sheldon
- c Department of Psychological Science , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
- d International Laboratory of Positive Psychology of Personality and Motivation , National Research University Higher School of Economics , Moscos , Russia
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Ó Súilleabháin PS, Howard S, Hughes BM. Openness to experience and adapting to change: Cardiovascular stress habituation to change in acute stress exposure. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13023. [PMID: 29044555 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Underlying psychophysiological mechanisms of effect linking openness to experience to health outcomes, and particularly cardiovascular well-being, are unknown. This study examined the role of openness in the context of cardiovascular responsivity to acute psychological stress. Continuous cardiovascular response data were collected for 74 healthy young female adults across an experimental protocol, including differing counterbalanced acute stressors. Openness was measured via self-report questionnaire. Analysis of covariance revealed openness was associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP; p = .016), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .036) responsivity across the protocol. Openness was also associated with heart rate (HR) responding to the initial stress exposure (p = .044). Examination of cardiovascular adaptation revealed that higher openness was associated with significant SBP (p = .001), DBP (p = .009), and HR (p = .002) habituation in response to the second differing acute stress exposure. Taken together, the findings suggest persons higher in openness are characterized by an adaptive cardiovascular stress response profile within the context of changing acute stress exposures. This study is also the first to demonstrate individual differences in cardiovascular adaptation across a protocol consisting of differing stress exposures. More broadly, this research also suggests that future research may benefit from conceptualizing an adaptive fitness of openness within the context of change. In summary, the present study provides evidence that higher openness stimulates short-term stress responsivity, while ensuring cardiovascular habituation to change in stress across time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhán Howard
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Brian M Hughes
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
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The association between openness and physiological responses to recurrent social stress. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 106:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Langvik E, Hjemdal O, Nordahl HM. Personality traits, gender differences and symptoms of anhedonia: What does the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) measure in nonclinical settings? Scand J Psychol 2016; 57:144-51. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Langvik
- Department of Psychology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; Trondheim Norway
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; Trondheim Norway
| | - Hans M. Nordahl
- Department of Psychology; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; Trondheim Norway
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