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Kafetzopoulos V, Kokras N, Katsaitis F, Sousa N, Leite-Almeida H, Sotiropoulos I, Dalla C. Prefrontal cortex-nucleus reuniens-hippocampus network exhibits sex-differentiated responses to stress and antidepressant treatment in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06667-w. [PMID: 39162717 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression is a serious psychiatric disease, which is diagnosed twice as frequently in women than men. We have recently shown that lesioning or inactivation of the nucleus reuniens (RE), which interconnects the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, promoted resilience to stress in males, exerts an antidepressant effect in the Forced Swim Test (FST) and prevents the development of behavioral and neurobiological alterations induced by the chronic mild stress model of depression. OBJECTIVES In this study, we expand our findings on the FST in female rats and we investigate whether RE lesion presents sex differences following treatment with two distinct antidepressants, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, i.e. sertraline and a tricyclic antidepressant, i.e. clomipramine. METHODS Male and female rats received either a surgical lesion of the RE or sham operation, then treated with vehicle, sertraline (10mg/kg) or clomipramine (10mg/kg) and were subjected to the FST. Activation of key brain areas of interest (PFC, Hippocampus and RE) were measured by c-Fos immunoreactivity. RESULTS RE lesion induced an antidepressant-like phenotype in both female and male rats, confirming its crucial role in the stress response. Similarly to RE lesion, sertraline treatment resulted in increased swimming and decreased immobility duration, as well as enhanced head shake frequency, in both sexes. Notably, climbing behavior was increased only following clomipramine treatment. RE area was less active in females compared to male rats and in clomipramine-treated males compared to their corresponding vehicle-group. Activation of the PFC and the CA1 hippocampal area was reduced in clomipramine-treated females, in comparison to vehicle-treated female rats. This effect was not evident in males, which exhibited less activation in the PFC and the hippocampus than females. CONCLUSION Re lesion proves equally effective in female and male rats, but sex is highlighted as a pivotal factor in behavioral and treatment response in FST, as well as in related circuit connectivity and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kafetzopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens, 11527, Greece
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - N Kokras
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippos Katsaitis
- Laboratory of Brain Exosomes & Pathology, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - N Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center (2CA), Braga, Portugal
| | - H Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - I Sotiropoulos
- Laboratory of Brain Exosomes & Pathology, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, NCSR Demokritos, Athens, Greece
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C Dalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens, 11527, Greece.
- Second Department of Obstetrics - Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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McLaren S, Seidler K, Neil J. Investigating the Role of 17β-Estradiol on the Serotonergic System, Targeting Soy Isoflavones as a Strategy to Reduce Menopausal Depression: A Mechanistic Review. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:221-235. [PMID: 37695875 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2255237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Low serotonin is one factor implicated in the development of depression. 17β-estradiol (E2) has been shown to modulate gene expression regulating the neurotransmission of serotonin. Sex hormone levels fluctuate dramatically during the menopausal transition, coinciding with a 14-fold increased risk of depression. This review aimed to examine the effect of soy isoflavones to support decreased and variable E2 levels before and after menopause, linked to an investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the protective influence of E2 on the serotonin pathway. The overall aim of this review is to assess the potential of soy isoflavones to reduce depression in middle-aged women. A systematic literature search was performed in three stages. 1,421 papers were screened for relevance to the research aims and objectives. 63 papers were selected based on pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria (13 reviews, 24 mechanistic and 26 intervention studies) and critically appraised. Available research supported the hypotheses that E2 increases serotonin synthesis and availability through stimulation of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH-2) and decreased degradation by monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). There was less scientific agreement on the effects of E2 on serotonin transporter (SERT) and serotonin receptors 1 A and 2 A. Studies varied widely on the effectiveness of soy isoflavones in reducing depressive symptoms in (peri)menopausal women. Animal and human studies acknowledge women's increased risk of depression linked to fluctuating E2 rather than absolute levels. However, mechanisms linking E2 variability with depression remain an underrepresented area of research. Study limitations and heterogeneity may contribute to varying results for soy isoflavones and some effects of E2 on the serotonin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scotti McLaren
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management (CNELM) and Middlesex University, Wokingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Seidler
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management (CNELM) and Middlesex University, Wokingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Neil
- Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management (CNELM) and Middlesex University, Wokingham, United Kingdom
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Bodnaruc AM, Duquet M, Prud’homme D, Giroux I. Diet and Depression during Peri- and Post-Menopause: A Scoping Review Protocol. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:91. [PMID: 37888023 PMCID: PMC10609501 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the proposed scoping review is to describe and summarize studies assessing the associations between diet-related variables and depression in peri- and post-menopausal women. Studies examining the associations between diet-related variables and mental health indicators in women undergoing menopausal transition or in the post-menopausal period will be systematically retrieved via Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. All articles identified through the database searches will be imported into Covidence. Following the removal of duplicates, two authors will independently perform title and abstract screening, as well as full-text assessment against eligibility criteria. Data will be extracted using tables developed for observational and experimental studies. The methodological quality of randomized trials, cohort and cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies, will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB-2) tool, the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, and the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool for Case-Control studies, respectively. Data extraction tables will be used to produce two tables summarizing the main characteristics and findings of the studies included in the review. In the proposed review, we will systematically identify and summarize the currently available evidence on the association between diet-related variables and depression in peri- and post-menopausal women. To our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on this subgroup of the population. Protocol registration: osf.io/b89r6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Bodnaruc
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Miryam Duquet
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Isabelle Giroux
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.M.B.); (M.D.)
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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Promotes Bone-Tendon Interface Healing in a Rotator Cuff Tear Rat Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:853-860. [PMID: 35438456 PMCID: PMC9294099 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is believed to accelerate wound healing, and thus expected to have a positive effect on rotator cuff repair. We hypothesized that SSRI has a positive effect on the healing of the bone-tendon interface (BTI), and improved rotator cuff tear healing would be confirmed by mechanical strength measurements and histological assessment of the restored tendon. METHODS The study used 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley wild-type rats. The animals were divided into two groups: group-SSRI, the supraspinatus repair with SSRI injection group, and group-C, conventional supraspinatus repair only without SSRI. Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed 8 weeks after index rotator cuff surgery. RESULTS The ultimate load (N) was significantly higher in group-SSRI than in group-C (54.8 ± 56.9 Vs 25.1 ± 11.1, p = .031). In the histological evaluation, the Bonar score confirmed significant differences in collagen fiber density (group-C: 0.6 ± 0.5, group-SSRI: 1.1 ± 0.6, p = .024), vascularity (group-C: 0.1 ± 0.2, group-SSRI: 0.3 ± 0.4, p = .024) and cellularity (group-C: 1.7 ± 0.4, group-SSRI: 2.0 ± 0.0, p = .023) between the groups. Based on the total score, group-SSRI was significantly better compared with group-C (6.3 ± 2.7 Vs 4.3 ± 1.9, p = .019). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that SSRI could facilitate improved biomechanical and histological outcomes 8 weeks after rotator cuff repair in a rat model. Consequently, SSRI may improve healing after rotator cuff repair.
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Maternal Opioid Exposure Culminates in Perturbed Murine Neurodevelopment and Hyperactive Phenotype in Adolescence. Neuroscience 2021; 463:272-287. [PMID: 33811940 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use by women during pregnancy has risen dramatically since 2004, accompanied by a striking increase in the prevalence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and other long-term neurological deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying the impact of prenatal opioid exposure on fetal neurodevelopment are largely unknown. To translate from the clinical presentation, we developed a novel mouse model to study the neurodevelopmental consequences of maternal opioid use and management. Female mice were treated with oxycodone (OXY) before mating to mimic opioid use disorder (OUD) in humans. Following pregnancy confirmation, dams were switched to buprenorphine (BUP) via oral administration, simulating medication management of OUD (MOUD) in pregnant women. Here, we document critical changes in fetal brain development including reduced cortical thickness, altered corticogenesis, and ventriculomegaly in embryos from dams that were treated with opioids before and throughout pregnancy. Maternal care giving behavior was slightly altered without affecting gross growth of offspring. However, adolescent offspring exposed to maternal opioid use during pregnancy exhibited hyperactivity in late adolescence. Remarkably, we also show increased generation of dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of mice exposed to prenatal opioids. These data provide critical evidence of teratogenic effects of opioid use during pregnancy and suggest a causal relationship between maternal opioid use and neurodevelopmental/behavioral anomalies in adolescence.
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Ezeomah C, Cunningham KA, Stutz SJ, Fox RG, Bukreyeva N, Dineley KT, Paessler S, Cisneros IE. Fentanyl self-administration impacts brain immune responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:725-738. [PMID: 32165150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects over two million in the United States and is an increasing public health crisis. The abuse of fentanyl and the emergence of potent fentanyl derivatives increases the risk for the user to succumb to overdose, but also to develop OUD. While intense attention is currently focused on understanding the complexity of behaviors and neural functions that contribute to OUD, much remains to be discovered concerning the interactions of opioid intake with the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present studies, we tested the hypothesis that short-term abstinence from fentanyl self-administration associates with altered expression of innate immune markers. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer fentanyl (0.0032 mg/kg/infusion) to stability followed by 24 h of abstinence. Several innate immune markers, as well as opioid receptors (ORs) and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), were interrogated within nodes of the neurocircuitry involved in OUD processes, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), caudate putamen (CPu), hippocampus (HIP) and midbrain (MB). In the present study, few immune targets were impacted in the PFC and MB during short-term abstinence from fentanyl (relative to saline) self-administration. However, increased expression of cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)1β, IL5], chemokines [e.g., C-C motif chemokine 20 (MIP3α)], tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interferon (IFN) proteins (e.g., IFNβ and IFNγ)] was seen in the NAc, while decreased expression of cytokines (e.g., several ILs), chemokines [e.g., granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) MCP1, MIP3α], the chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES) and interferons (e.g., IFNβ and IFNγ) in the HIP. Positive correlations were observed between cumulative fentanyl intake and expression of IL1β and IL6 in the NAc, and significant negative correlations with fentanyl intake and IFN β, IL2, IL5, IL12p70 and IL17 in the HIP. Few changes in OR expression was observed during early abstinence from fentanyl self-administration. Excitingly, the expression of the PRR, stimulator of interferon genes (STING) negatively correlated with cumulative fentanyl intake and significantly correlated to specific cytokines, chemokines and interferon proteins in the HIP. Although the CPu appears relatively invulnerable to changes in innate immune markers, the highest correlations between cumulative fentanyl intake with MAVS and/or STING was measured in the CPu. Our findings provide the first evidence of CNS innate immune responses and implicate STING as novel mechanistic targets of immunomodulation during short-term abstinence from fentanyl self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiomah Ezeomah
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Sonja J Stutz
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Robert G Fox
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Natalya Bukreyeva
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Irma E Cisneros
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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Alvarez Silva A, Fernández-Guasti A. The combination of mirtazapine plus venlafaxine reduces immobility in the forced swim test and does not inhibit female sexual behavior. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 187:172817. [PMID: 31655085 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a psychiatric disorder with higher incidence in women. Among the most common and less investigated adverse effects of antidepressants are the female sexual dysfunctions. Up to one third of the patients fail to respond to antidepressants; therefore, more treatment alternatives are necessary. The combination of mirtazapine plus venlafaxine, known as "California Rocket Fuel" has shown to be an option for treatment-resistant depression. However, there are no reports of the effects of this combination in animal models and its action on female sexual behavior is unknown. AIM To analyze the effect of mirtazapine and venlafaxine alone or combined -given at doses with actions on the forced swim test- on female rat sexual behavior. METHODS Mirtazapine (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (15, 30 or 60 mg/kg) or their combinations (2.5/3.75, 5/7.5, 10/15 and 20/30 mg/kg mirtazapine and venlafaxine, respectively) were injected to sexually receptive female rats. We evaluated their effect on the forced swim test (FST). The doses that reduced immobility were tested on proceptivity and receptivity. RESULTS Mirtazapine (40 mg/kg) and venlafaxine (60 mg/kg), administered alone, or combined (mirtazapine, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg plus venlafaxine, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg) reduced immobility, but affected motor activity. However, the reduced locomotion after the lowest combination (5/7.5 mg/kg) was smaller. Mirtazapine at 40 mg/kg reduced proceptivity and receptivity, while 60 mg/kg venlafaxine only decreased proceptivity. The combination of 5/7.5 mg/kg mirtazapine and venlafaxine did not affect female sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS Mirtazapine and venlafaxine exerted an effect in the FST, which was also evident when sub-effective doses of both antidepressants were combined. This combination also lacked adverse effects on female sexual behavior. The results suggest that "California Rocket Fuel" could be an effective antidepressant therapy with no adverse sexual effects in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alvarez Silva
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Alonso Fernández-Guasti
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México..
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Domingues K, Lima FB, Linder AE, Melleu FF, Poli A, Spezia I, Suman PR, Theindl LC, Lino de Oliveira C. Sexually dimorphic responses of rats to fluoxetine in the forced swimming test are unrelated to the function of the serotonin transporter in the brain. Synapse 2019; 74:e22130. [PMID: 31449695 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the prevalence of depression in women, female rats may be a better models for antidepressant research than males. In male rats, fluoxetine inhibited the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) transporter (SERT) which is reducing the immobility time in the repeated forced swimming test (rFST). The performance of female rats in this test is unknown. In this study, responses of male and female rats in the rFST under chronic treatment with fluoxetine and the function of SERT in their brains were examined. Wistar rats received oral fluoxetine (females: 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 mg kg-1 day-1 ; males: 0 or 2.5 mg kg-1 day-1 ; in sucrose 10%, 1.5 ml/rat) 1 hr before the test daily for 12 days over the course of the rFST. rFST consisted of a 15 min pretest followed by 5 min sessions of swimming at 1 (test), 7 (retest 1), and 14 (retest 2) days later. SERT functioning was assessed by ex vivo assays of the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. Fluoxetine reduced immobility time of males in the rFST while it failed to do so in females. In vitro treatment with fluoxetine inhibited the uptake of 5-HT of both sexes similarly, while in vivo chronic administration of fluoxetine failed to do so. In summary, rats responded to the chronic treatment with fluoxetine in a sexually dimorphic fashion during the rFST despite the functioning of SERT in their brains remaining equally unchanged. Hence, our data suggest that sexually dimorphic responses to fluoxetine in rFST may be unrelated to the function of SERT in rat brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Domingues
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Lima
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aurea Elizabeth Linder
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernando Falkenburger Melleu
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Anicleto Poli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Inaê Spezia
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Patrick Remus Suman
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Laís Cristina Theindl
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cilene Lino de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Sell SL, Boone DR, Weisz HA, Cardenas C, Willey HE, Bolding IJ, Micci MA, Falduto MT, Torres KEO, DeWitt DS, Prough DS, Hellmich HL. MicroRNA profiling identifies a novel compound with antidepressant properties. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221163. [PMID: 31442236 PMCID: PMC6707633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently diagnosed with depression. Together, these two leading causes of death and disability significantly contribute to the global burden of healthcare costs. However, there are no drug treatments for TBI and antidepressants are considered off-label for depression in patients with TBI. In molecular profiling studies of rat hippocampus after experimental TBI, we found that TBI altered the expression of a subset of small, non-coding, microRNAs (miRNAs). One known neuroprotective compound (17β-estradiol, E2), and two experimental neuroprotective compounds (JM6 and PMI-006), reversed the effects of TBI on miRNAs. Subsequent in silico analyses revealed that the injury-altered miRNAs were predicted to regulate genes involved in depression. Thus, we hypothesized that drug-induced miRNA profiles can be used to identify compounds with antidepressant properties. To confirm this hypothesis, we examined miRNA expression in hippocampi of injured rats treated with one of three known antidepressants (imipramine, fluoxetine and sertraline). Bioinformatic analyses revealed that TBI, potentially via its effects on multiple regulatory miRNAs, dysregulated transcriptional networks involved in neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and circadian rhythms- networks known to adversely affect mood, cognition and memory. As did E2, JM6, and PMI-006, all three antidepressants reversed the effects of TBI on multiple injury-altered miRNAs. Furthermore, JM6 reduced TBI-induced inflammation in the hippocampus and depression-like behavior in the forced swim test; these are both properties of classic antidepressant drugs. Our results support the hypothesis that miRNA expression signatures can identify neuroprotective and antidepressant properties of novel compounds and that there is substantial overlap between neuroprotection and antidepressant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L. Sell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Deborah R. Boone
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harris A. Weisz
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cesar Cardenas
- University of Mississippi Medical Center: Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Willey
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ian J. Bolding
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria-Adelaide Micci
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Falduto
- GenUs BioSystems, Northbrook, Illinois, United States of America
- Paradise Genomics, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Douglas S. DeWitt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Prough
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helen L. Hellmich
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hudon Thibeault AA, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Serotonin-estrogen interactions: What can we learn from pregnancy? Biochimie 2019; 161:88-108. [PMID: 30946949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the scientific literature related to four diseases in which to serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the etiology, herein named 5-HT-linked diseases, and whose prevalence is influenced by estrogenic status: depression, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and eating disorders. These diseases all have in common a sex-dimorphic prevalence, with women more frequently affected than men. The co-occurrence between these 5-HT-linked diseases suggests that they have common physiopathological mechanisms. In most 5-HT-linked diseases (except for anorexia nervosa and irritable bowel syndrome), a decrease in the serotonergic tone is observed and estrogens are thought to contribute to the improvement of symptoms by stimulating the serotonergic system. Human pregnancy is characterized by a unique 5-HT and estrogen synthesis by the placenta. Pregnancy-specific disorders, such as hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia, are associated with a hyperserotonergic state and decreased estrogen levels. Fetal programming of 5-HT-linked diseases is a complex phenomenon that involves notably fetal-sex differences, which suggest the implication of sex steroids. From a mechanistic point of view, we hypothesize that estrogens regulate the serotonergic system, resulting in a protective effect against 5-HT-linked diseases, but that, in turn, 5-HT affects estrogen synthesis in an attempt to retrieve homeostasis. These two processes (5-HT and estrogen biosynthesis) are crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes, and thus, a disruption of this 5-HT-estrogen relationship may explain pregnancy-specific pathologies or pregnancy complications associated with 5-HT-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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11
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Eid RS, Gobinath AR, Galea LAM. Sex differences in depression: Insights from clinical and preclinical studies. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 176:86-102. [PMID: 30721749 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression represents a global mental health concern, and disproportionally affects women as they are twice more likely to be diagnosed than men. In this review, we provide a summary of evidence to support the notion that differences in depression between men and women span multiple facets of the disease, including epidemiology, symptomology, treatment, and pathophysiology. Through a lens of biological sex, we overview depression-related transcriptional patterns, changes in neuroanatomy and neuroplasticity, and immune signatures. We acknowledge the unique physiological and behavioral demands of pregnancy and motherhood by devoting special attention to depression occurring in the peripartum period. Specifically, we discuss issues surrounding the presentation, time course, treatment, and neurobiology of peripartum depression. We write this review with the intention of highlighting the encouraging advancements in our understanding of sex differences in depression, while underscoring the gaps that remain. A more systematic consideration of biological sex as a variable in depression research will be critical in the discovery and development of pharmacotherapies that are efficacious for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand S Eid
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aarthi R Gobinath
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Overgaard A, Lieblich SE, Richardson R, Galea LAM, Frokjaer VG. Paroxetine blunts the corticosterone response to swim-induced stress and increases depressive-like behavior in a rat model of postpartum depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 89:223-228. [PMID: 29146408 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal depression (PND) affects 15% of women. During the perinatal period both stress- and gonadal hormones fluctuate widely. Putatively, these fluctuations are involved in PND disease mechanisms. The serotonin system is sensitive to such hormone fluctuations, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat PND, although treatment is suboptimal and it is not known at which peripartum time-point SSRI treatment may be most efficacious. In this study, we investigate the effect of the SSRI paroxetine (5mg/kgs.c.) on swim stress-induced corticosterone in a rat model of postpartum depression. In the rat model corticosterone (CORT; 40mg/kgs.c.) was administered in Sprague Dawley rats across postpartum day (PD)2 to PD14. Stress response was measured during the first exposure to the forced swim test (FST1), and depressive-like behavior was measured in both FST1 and FST2. We found that paroxetine completely blunted the swim stress-induced CORT response and increased depressive-like behavior in both FST1 and FST2. Our findings suggest that in the postpartum context, SSRIs compromise stress axis dynamics, which are needed for a healthy stress response. This is likely unfavorable for reversing depressive-like behavior and may provide a rationale for augmentation strategies beyond SSRIs alone to optimize the clinical management of PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Overgaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Dept. of Neurology 6931, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Stephanie E Lieblich
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robin Richardson
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Dept. of Neurology 6931, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Association between erythrocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and depression in postmenopausal women using or not using hormone therapy. Menopause 2018; 23:1012-8. [PMID: 27300112 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested that hormone therapy (HT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), exert antidepressant effects through regulation of the serotonergic pathway. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that erythrocyte levels of n-3 PUFAs and depression were negatively associated in postmenopausal women, particularly those using HT. METHODS A total of 214 postmenopausal women were divided into groups defined by depression and HT status. Depression was defined as a Beck Depression Inventory score of at least 14, and the types and durations of HT were obtained from medical records. RESULTS Erythrocyte levels of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, omega-3 index (sum of EPA + DHA), total n-3 PUFA, and arachidonic acid were significantly higher in women using HT than in those not using HT. There were significant negative correlations between depression and erythrocyte levels of alpha-linolenic acid (r = -0.310), DPA (r = -0.272), DHA (r = -0.209), and total n-3 PUFA (r = -0.234) in women using HT. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis also showed that depression was negatively associated with the erythrocyte levels of alpha-linolenic acid (P for trend = 0.018), DPA (P for trend = 0.014), and DHA (P for trend = 0.036), only in women using HT. CONCLUSIONS Negative associations between erythrocyte levels of n-3 PUFAs and depression were found in Korean postmenopausal women using HT but not in those not using HT, suggesting a synergistic effect of HT and n-3 PUFAs on depression.
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14
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The role of hormone therapy in the management of severe postpartum depression in patients with Turner syndrome. Menopause 2017; 24:1309-1312. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Saeedi Saravi SS, Arefidoust A, Saeedi Saravi SS, Yaftian R, Bayati M, Salehi M, Dehpour AR. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/nitric oxide system possibly modulate antidepressant-like effect of 17α-ethinyl estradiol in ovariectomized mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:591-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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16
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Mahmoud R, Wainwright SR, Chaiton JA, Lieblich SE, Galea LA. Ovarian hormones, but not fluoxetine, impart resilience within a chronic unpredictable stress model in middle-aged female rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:278-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Woo YS, Seo HJ, McIntyre RS, Bahk WM. Obesity and Its Potential Effects on Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Depressive Disorders: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010080. [PMID: 26771598 PMCID: PMC4730324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence regarding clinical, neurobiological, genetic, and environmental factors suggests a bidirectional link between obesity and depressive disorders. Although a few studies have investigated the link between obesity/excess body weight and the response to antidepressants in depressive disorders, the effect of weight on treatment response remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarized recent data regarding the relationship between the response to antidepressants and obesity/excess body weight in clinical studies of patients with depressive disorders. Although several studies indicated an association between obesity/excess body weight and poor antidepressant responses, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions due to the variability of subject composition and methodological differences among studies. Especially, differences in sex, age and menopausal status, depressive symptom subtypes, and antidepressants administered may have caused inconsistencies in the results among studies. The relationship between obesity/excess body weight and antidepressant responses should be investigated further in high-powered studies addressing the differential effects on subject characteristics and treatment. Moreover, future research should focus on the roles of mediating factors, such as inflammatory markers and neurocognitive performance, which may alter the antidepressant treatment outcome in patients with comorbid obesity and depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea.
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Hye-Jin Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea.
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea.
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18
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Mao S, Sun L, Li R, Zhao Z, Yang R. Major depressive disorder in an adolescent with Turner syndrome: a case report. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:354-6. [PMID: 26698832 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal abnormality, of which the presence and impact of coexisting psychiatric morbidity has received little attention. The present report describes an adolescent with mosaic karyotype TS who had major depressive disorder with the predisposing cause of psychosocial burden, and relieved with the treatment of sertraline and complete remission with combined use of estradiol valerate. The report suggests us to pay more attention on the mood disorders in children with TS, especially in adolescents. For treatment aspect, medications for improving the puberty development and short stature should be added to in addition to antidepressants if they had mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiong Mao
- a Department of Pediatrics , Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Liying Sun
- b Department of Adolescent Gynecology , The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China , and
| | - Rong Li
- c Department of Child Psychology , The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- c Department of Child Psychology , The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Rongwang Yang
- c Department of Child Psychology , The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
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19
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Kokras N, Antoniou K, Mikail HG, Kafetzopoulos V, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z, Dalla C. Forced swim test: What about females? Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:408-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Jin Y, Park Y. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and 17β-estradiol injection induce antidepressant-like effects through regulation of serotonergic neurotransmission in ovariectomized rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:970-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Wang P, Liu C, Liu L, Zhang X, Ren B, Li B. The Antidepressant-like Effects of Estrogen-mediated Ghrelin. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:524-35. [PMID: 26412072 PMCID: PMC4790402 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1304150831120650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, one of the brain-gut peptides, stimulates food-intake. Recently, ghrelin has also shown to play an important role in depression treatment. However, the mechanism of ghrelin's antidepressant-like actions is unknown. On the other hand, sex differences in depression, and the fluctuation of estrogens secretion have been proved to play a key role in depression. It has been reported that women have higher level of ghrelin expression, and ghrelin can stimulate estrogen secretion while estrogen acts as a positive feedback mechanism to up-regulate ghrelin level. Ghrelin may be a potential regulator of reproductive function, and estrogen may have additional effect in ghrelin's antidepressantlike actions. In this review, we summarize antidepressant-like effects of ghrelin and estrogen in basic and clinical studies, and provide new insight on ghrelin's effect in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Changhong Liu
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Lei Liu
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Jilin provincial key
laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
130024, China
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Bingjin Li
- Life Sciences institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
- Jilin provincial key
laboratory on molecular and chemical genetic, Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun
130024, China
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22
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Borrow AP, Cameron NM. Estrogenic mediation of serotonergic and neurotrophic systems: implications for female mood disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:13-25. [PMID: 24865152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical research has demonstrated a significant sex difference in the occurrence of depressive disorders. Beginning at pubertal onset, women report a higher incidence of depression than men. Women are also vulnerable to the development of depressive disorders such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression, and perimenopausal depression. These disorders are associated with reproductive stages involving changes in gonadal hormone levels. Specifically, female depression and female affective behaviors are influenced by estradiol levels. This review argues two major mechanisms by which estrogens influence depression and depressive-like behavior: through interactions with neurotrophic factors and through an influence on the serotonergic system. In particular, estradiol increases brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels within the brain, and alters serotonergic expression in a receptor subtype-specific manner. We will take a regional approach, examining these effects of estrogens in the major brain areas implicated in depression. Finally, we will discuss the gaps in our current knowledge of the effects of estrogens on female depression, and the potential utility for estrogen receptor modulators in treatment for this disorder.
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23
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Bredemann TM, McMahon LL. 17β Estradiol increases resilience and improves hippocampal synaptic function in helpless ovariectomized rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 42:77-88. [PMID: 24636504 PMCID: PMC4065496 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory impairment is the most commonly reported cognitive symptom associated with major depressive disorder. Decreased hippocampal volume and neurogenesis in depression link hippocampal dysfunction with deficits in memory. Stress decreases hippocampal dendritic spine density and long-term potentiation (LTP) at glutamate synapses, a cellular correlate of learning and memory. However, elevated plasma levels of 17β estradiol (E2) during proestrus increase hippocampal structure and function, directly opposing the negative consequences of stress. In women, significant fluctuations in ovarian hormones likely increase vulnerability of hippocampal circuits to stress, potentially contributing to the greater incidence of depression compared to men. Using the learned helplessness model of depression and ovariectomized female rats, we investigated whether acquisition of helplessness and hippocampal synaptic dysfunction is differentially impacted by the presence or absence of plasma E2. We find that inescapable shock induces a greater incidence of helplessness in vehicle- versus E2-treated OVX rats. In the vehicle-treated group, LTP was absent at CA3-CA1 synapses in slices only from helpless rats, and CA1 spine density was decreased compared to resilient rats. In contrast, significant LTP was observed in slices from E2-treated helpless rats; importantly, spine density was not different between E2-treated helpless and resilient rats, dissociating spine density from the LTP magnitude. We also find that E2 replacement can reverse previously established helpless behavior. Thus, our results show that E2 replacement in OVX rats increases resilience and improves hippocampal plasticity, suggesting that E2 therapy may increase resilience to stress and preserve hippocampal function in women experiencing large fluctuations in plasma estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori L. McMahon
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 205 934 3523; fax: +1 205 975 9028. (L.L. McMahon)
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Galea LAM, Wainwright SR, Roes MM, Duarte-Guterman P, Chow C, Hamson DK. Sex, hormones and neurogenesis in the hippocampus: hormonal modulation of neurogenesis and potential functional implications. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:1039-61. [PMID: 23822747 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is an area of the brain that undergoes dramatic plasticity in response to experience and hormone exposure. The hippocampus retains the ability to produce new neurones in most mammalian species and is a structure that is targeted in a number of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, many of which are influenced by both sex and sex hormone exposure. Intriguingly, gonadal and adrenal hormones affect the structure and function of the hippocampus differently in males and females. Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is regulated by both gonadal and adrenal hormones in a sex- and experience-dependent way. Sex differences in the effects of steroid hormones to modulate hippocampal plasticity should not be completely unexpected because the physiology of males and females is different, with the most notable difference being that females gestate and nurse the offspring. Furthermore, reproductive experience (i.e. pregnancy and mothering) results in permanent changes to the maternal brain, including the hippocampus. This review outlines the ability of gonadal and stress hormones to modulate multiple aspects of neurogenesis (cell proliferation and cell survival) in both male and female rodents. The function of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is linked to spatial memory and depression, and the present review provides early evidence of the functional links between the hormonal modulation of neurogenesis that may contribute to the regulation of cognition and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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25
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The neural plasticity theory of depression: assessing the roles of adult neurogenesis and PSA-NCAM within the hippocampus. Neural Plast 2013; 2013:805497. [PMID: 23691371 PMCID: PMC3649690 DOI: 10.1155/2013/805497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a devastating and prevalent disease, with profound effects on neural structure and function; however the etiology and neuropathology of depression remain poorly understood. Though antidepressant drugs exist, they are not ideal, as only a segment of patients are effectively treated, therapeutic onset is delayed, and the exact mechanism of these drugs remains to be elucidated. Several theories of depression do exist, including modulation of monoaminergic neurotransmission, alterations in neurotrophic factors, and the upregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and are briefly mentioned in the review. However none of these theories sufficiently explains the pathology and treatment of depression unto itself. Recently, neural plasticity theories of depression have postulated that multiple aspects of brain plasticity, beyond neurogenesis, may bridge the prevailing theories. The term “neural plasticity” encompasses an array of mechanisms, from the birth, survival, migration, and integration of new neurons to neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and the modulation of mature synapses. This review critically assesses the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and the cell adhesion molecule, PSA-NCAM (which is known to be involved in many facets of neural plasticity), in depression and antidepressant treatment.
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Abstract
There are sex differences in the prevalence and presentation of many psychiatric disorders. Various trends in symptomatology have emerged that are thought to be linked to periods of hormonal fluctuations such as with menses, pregnancy or menopause. With data from animal and human studies, it has become clear that there is an important interplay between the serotonergic system and gonadal hormones. The majority of the research to date has focused on the influence that estrogen has within the CNS and, in particular, how it leads to an overall increase in serotonin synthesis and availability. In reviewing this female-specific topic we hope to raise awareness to sex/gender differences in psychopathology, help identify at-risk populations and consider development of new treatment options. Future research will also need to consider the influence that progesterone and oxytocin may have on sex-specific psychopathology as well as incorporate neuroimaging and consider the influence of hormones on the serotonergic system at a genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Hall
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Centre for Mountain Health Services, McMaster University, 100 West 5th, Box 585, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meir Steiner
- Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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27
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The genetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:375-400. [PMID: 22944042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most widely prescribed drugs in psychiatry. Based on the fact that SSRIs increase extracellular monoamine levels in the brain, the monoamine hypothesis of depression was introduced, postulating that depression is associated with too low serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline levels. However, several lines of evidence indicate that this hypothesis is too simplistic and that depression and the efficacy of SSRIs are dependent on neuroplastic changes mediated by changes in gene expression. Because a coherent view on global gene expression is lacking, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of SSRI treatment on the final targets of 5-HT receptor signal transduction pathways, namely the transcriptional regulation of genes. We address gene polymorphisms in humans that affect SSRI efficacy, as well as in vitro studies employing human-derived cells. We also discuss the molecular targets affected by SSRIs in animal models, both in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that serotonin transporter gene variation in humans affects the efficacy and side-effects of SSRIs, whereas SSRIs generally do not affect serotonin transporter gene expression in animals. Instead, SSRIs alter mRNA levels of genes encoding serotonin receptors, components of non-serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, neurotrophic factors, hypothalamic hormones and inflammatory factors. So far little is known about the epigenetic and age-dependent molecular effects of SSRIs, which might give more insights in the working mechanism(s) of SSRIs.
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Mikail HG, Dalla C, Kokras N, Kafetzopoulos V, Papadopoulou-Daifoti Z. Sertraline behavioral response associates closer and dose-dependently with cortical rather than hippocampal serotonergic activity in the rat forced swim stress. Physiol Behav 2012; 107:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Récamier-Carballo S, Estrada-Camarena E, Reyes R, Fernández-Guasti A. Synergistic effect of estradiol and fluoxetine in young adult and middle-aged female rats in two models of experimental depression. Behav Brain Res 2012; 233:351-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Estrada-Camarena E, López-Rubalcava C, Hernández-Aragón A, Mejía-Mauries S, Picazo O. Long-term ovariectomy modulates the antidepressant-like action of estrogens, but not of antidepressants. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1365-77. [PMID: 21890587 DOI: 10.1177/0269881111408456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Controversial results related to effectiveness of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to alleviate depression are frequently reported. The discrepancies could be related to (a) time when ERT is initiated after the beginning of menopause and/or (b) type of estrogen used. Furthermore, estrogens modulate the antidepressant effect of different compounds; therefore, the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs could also depend on the menopausal status. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the time after estrogen decline can influence antidepressant-like effects of two estrogens and/or two antidepressants. Thus, the antidepressant-like actions of 17β-estradiol (E(2)), 17α-ethynyl-estradiol (EE(2)), fluoxetine (FLX) and desipramine (DMI) were studied at different periods (1, 3 and 12 weeks) after ovariectomy (OVX), using the forced swimming test (FST). Results showed that OVX increased depressive-like behavior only 1 week after OVX. The antidepressant-like actions of E(2), but not those of EE(2), were cancelled 12 weeks after OVX. Conversely, antidepressant-like actions of FLX and DMI were observed at 1, 3 and 12 weeks after OVX. In conclusion, while the antidepressant-like effects of estrogens depended on the time at which treatment is initiated after OVX as well as on the estrogenic compound used, antidepressant-like effects of FLX and DMI were not blocked by OVX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Estrada-Camarena
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría 'Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz', Mexico City, Mexico.
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Avila MA, Sell SL, Hawkins BE, Hellmich HL, Boone DR, Crookshanks JM, Prough DS, DeWitt DS. Cerebrovascular connexin expression: effects of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:1803-11. [PMID: 21895483 PMCID: PMC3172862 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in dysfunction of the cerebrovasculature. Gap junctions coordinate vasomotor responses and evidence suggests that they are involved in cerebrovascular dysfunction after TBI. Gap junctions are comprised of connexin proteins (Cxs), of which Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45 are expressed in vascular tissue. This study tests the hypothesis that TBI alters Cx mRNA and protein expression in cerebral vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Anesthetized (1.5% isoflurane) male Sprague-Dawley rats received sham or fluid-percussion TBI. Two, 6, and 24 h after, cerebral arteries were harvested, fresh-frozen for RNA isolation, or homogenized for Western blot analysis. Cerebral vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells were selected from frozen sections using laser capture microdissection. RNA was quantified by ribonuclease protection assay. The mRNA for all four Cx genes showed greater expression in the smooth muscle layer compared to the endothelial layer. Smooth muscle Cx43 mRNA expression was reduced 2 h and endothelial Cx45 mRNA expression was reduced 24 h after injury. Western blot analysis revealed that Cx40 protein expression increased, while Cx45 protein expression decreased 24 h after injury. These studies revealed significant changes in the mRNA and protein expression of specific vascular Cxs after TBI. This is the first demonstration of cell type-related differential expression of Cx mRNA in cerebral arteries, and is a first step in evaluating the effects of TBI on gap junction communication in the cerebrovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bridget E. Hawkins
- Charles Allen Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Helen L. Hellmich
- Charles Allen Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Debbie R. Boone
- Charles Allen Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jeanna M. Crookshanks
- Charles Allen Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Donald S. Prough
- Charles Allen Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Douglas S. DeWitt
- Charles Allen Laboratories, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Charoenphandhu J, Teerapornpuntakit J, Nuntapornsak A, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Anxiety-like behaviors and expression of SERT and TPH in the dorsal raphé of estrogen- and fluoxetine-treated ovariectomized rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 98:503-10. [PMID: 21382399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The anxiolytic effect of fluoxetine (Flx) was often ineffective in postmenopausal and estrogen-deficient patients, but such effect had not been experimentally demonstrated, particularly in the female rat model of estrogen deficiency. Here we determined the anxiety-like behaviors in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats treated for 4weeks with 10μg/kg 17β-estradiol s.c. (Ovx+E2), 10mg/kg Flx p.o. (Ovx+Flx) or a combination of both (Ovx+E2+Flx). Since Flx is known to induce anxiolysis in males, we first evaluated the Flx regimen in male rats. The results showed that anxiety-like behaviors were reduced in Flx-treated male rats. In contrast, Ovx+Flx rats still exhibited the same anxiety-like behaviors as in Ovx rats. Both Ovx+E2 and Ovx+E2+Flx rats, however, showed comparable reductions in anxiety-like behaviors, suggesting that Flx had no anxiolytic-like effect. Furthermore, E2 and E2+Flx similarly upregulated the mRNA expression of serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 in the dorsal raphé of Ovx rats, while having no effect on SERT expression in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, septum, amygdala and periaqueductal gray. In conclusion, Flx induced anxiolytic-like action in male rats. In Ovx rats, it was E2 and not Flx that exerted the anxiolytic-like action, which was mediated, in part, by altering serotonin metabolism in the dorsal raphé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantarima Charoenphandhu
- Physiology Division, Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
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Sánchez MG, Estrada-Camarena E, Bélanger N, Morissette M, Di Paolo T. Estradiol modulation of cortical, striatal and raphe nucleus 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors of female hemiparkinsonian monkeys after long-term ovariectomy. Neuropharmacology 2011; 60:642-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Fedotova YO. Neurohormonal mechanisms of the antidepressant effect of ketanserin in ovariectomized rats. NEUROCHEM J+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712410040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The use of estrogenic compounds as antidepressants or as coadjuvants to facilitate the effect of antidepressants has reported controversial results, suggesting that many factors could influence their actions. This review analyzes, from a basic research perspective, the possible factors that may underlie the antidepressant action of estrogens alone or in combination. The possible mechanisms of action of estrogens alone and in combination with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, desipramine, and the mixed serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine are reviewed, focusing on monoaminergic systems and estrogen receptors as main targets. The antidepressant effect of estrogens depends on the type of estrogen, treatment duration, doses, sex, time after ovariectomy, and age. Estrogens potentiate the antidepressant-like action of fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and desipramine and drastically shorten their latency of action. The antidepressant-like effect of estrogens alone or in combination with antidepressants seems to be mediated by monoaminergic and classic estrogen receptors, as WAY100635, an antagonist to the serotonin 1A receptor, idaxozan, an antagonist to alpha2 adrenergic receptors, and RU 58668, an estrogen receptor antagonist, blocked their antidepressant-like effect. In conclusion, estrogens produce antidepressant-like actions by themselves and importantly facilitate the action of clinically used antidepressants.
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Furey ML, Khanna A, Hoffman EM, Drevets WC. Scopolamine produces larger antidepressant and antianxiety effects in women than in men. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:2479-88. [PMID: 20736989 PMCID: PMC3055321 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some antidepressant agents generate differential benefit based on gender. Blocking cholinergic muscarinic receptors using scopolamine produces robust and rapid antidepressant effects in males and females combined. This study evaluated if males and females differ in the antidepressant response magnitude following scopolamine administration. A total of 52 male and female outpatients meeting criteria for recurrent major depressive or bipolar disorder participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial involving seven i.v. infusions of placebo or scopolamine (4 μg/kg). Following a single-blind placebo lead-in, participants entered either a placebo-block/scopolamine-block or a scopolamine-block/placebo-block sequence. Each block included three sessions. Clinical ratings were acquired before each infusion and included the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). A treatment group × block interaction (F=21.0, p<0.001) was observed in MADRS scores across gender, and the reduction was significant by the evaluation following the first scopolamine administration (F=8.4, p=0.006). The treatment group × block interaction was also significant in males (F=3.8, p=0.043) and females (F=35.6, p<0.001) separately. A block × gender interaction (F=7.4, p=0.009) indicated that the response magnitude was larger in women. The treatment × block interaction was significant for the HAM-A across gender (F=12.0, p<0.001), and was significant for females (F=24.9, p<0.001) but not for males (F=1.3, p=0.30). When comparing the baseline block to study end, the block × gender interaction (F=12.6, p=0.001) showed that the antianxiety response was greater in women. Men and women show a rapid antidepressant response following scopolamine, but the magnitude of response is larger in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura L Furey
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ashish Khanna
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Elana M Hoffman
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Underlying mechanisms mediating the antidepressant effects of estrogens. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:1136-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Fedotova YO, Ordyan NE. Effects of 8-OH-DPAT and NAN-190 on anxiety behavior, monoamine metabolism, and the level of sex hormones in female rats during the estrus cycle. NEUROCHEM J+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712410030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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40
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Forced swim test behavior in postpartum rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2010; 96:402-12. [PMID: 20600244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether depression-like behavior can be observed in gonadally intact females that have experienced normal pregnancy. When tested on the forced swim test (FST) on postpartum days 1-7, previously pregnant rats spent slightly more time immobile, significantly less time swimming and diving, and defecated more than virgin controls. Subchronic treatment with nomifensine (DA reuptake inhibitor, 2.5mg/kg) but not sertraline (serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 10mg/kg) or desipramine (norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, 10mg/kg) significantly decreased immobility on postpartum day 2. In rats pre-exposed to the FST in mid-pregnancy, neither subchronic nor chronic treatment with desipramine or sertraline decreased immobility on postpartum day 2; in contrast, chronic desipramine significantly decreased immobility in virgin controls. These results indicate that postpartum female rats, compared to virgin controls, show a reduction in some "active coping behaviors" but no significant increase in immobility when tested during the early postpartum period, unlike ovariectomized females that have undergone hormone-simulated pregnancy (HSP). Additionally, immobility that is increased by FST pre-exposure is not readily prevented by treatment with standard antidepressant medications in postpartum females. Depression-like behaviors previously observed in females that have undergone HSP may result from the more dramatic changes in estradiol, prolactin or corticosterone that occur during the early "postpartum" period, compared to the more subtle changes in these hormones that occur in actual postpartum females.
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Romano-Torres M, Fernández-Guasti A. Estradiol valerate elicits antidepressant-like effects in middle-aged female rats under chronic mild stress. Behav Pharmacol 2010; 21:104-11. [PMID: 20168212 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e328337bdfc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the antidepressant-like actions of estradiol valerate (1 or 2 mg/rat, single injection) or citalopram (5 or 10 mg/kg, chronically administered for 21 days) given independently or combined at low doses, to middle-aged ovariectomized female rats, as a model of human menopause. Animals were exposed to chronic mild stress, a model of depression that mimics anhedonia as revealed by diminished sucrose solution intake. Stressed rats decreased their sucrose preference 1 week after chronic stress and treatment with vehicle did not reverse this reduction. A single injection of estradiol valerate (2 mg/rat) produced an antidepressant-like action, evidenced as an increase in sucrose preference specific to stressed rats. Chronic citalopram (10 mg/kg) produced an antidepressant-like effect after 1 week. A single low-dose of estradiol valerate (1 mg/rat) did not potentiate or shorten the latency of action of chronic citalopram (5 mg/kg). These results reveal the antidepressant-like action of estrogens in middle-aged rats exposed to chronic stress. These data may be of importance for clinical depression in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Romano-Torres
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios, Avanzados del IPN. Calzada de los Tenorios, Col. Granjas Coapa, Tlalpan, México City, México
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42
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Hildebrandt T, Alfano L, Tricamo M, Pfaff DW. Conceptualizing the role of estrogens and serotonin in the development and maintenance of bulimia nervosa. Clin Psychol Rev 2010; 30:655-68. [PMID: 20554102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic dysregulation is thought to underlie much of the pathology in bulimia nervosa (BN). The purpose of this review is to expand the serotonergic model by incorporating specific and nonspecific contributions of estrogens to the development and maintenance of bulimic pathology in order to guide research from molecular genetics to novel therapeutics for BN. Special emphasis is given to the organizing theory of general brain arousal which allows for integration of specific and nonspecific effects of these systems on behavioral endpoints such as binge eating or purging as well as arousal states such as fear, novelty seeking, or sex. Regulation of the serotonergic system by estrogens is explored, and genetic, epigenetic, and environmental estrogen effects on bulimic pathology and risk factors are discussed. Genetic and neuroscientific research support this two-system conceptualization of BN with both contributions to the developmental and maintenance of the disorder. Implications of an estrogenic-serotonergic model of BN are discussed as well as guidelines and suggestions for future research and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hildebrandt
- Eating and Weight Disorders Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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43
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Navarre BM, Laggart JD, Craft RM. Anhedonia in postpartum rats. Physiol Behav 2010; 99:59-66. [PMID: 19850056 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a debilitating illness, yet little is known about its causes. The purpose of this study was to examine a major symptom of depression during the postpartum period, anhedonia, by comparing sucrose preference in female rats that had undergone actual pregnancy or hormone-simulated pregnancy (HSP) to their respective controls. Whereas HSP rats showed significantly less preference than vehicle control rats for 1% sucrose solution during the first three weeks of the "postpartum" period, previously pregnant females showed only slightly depressed sucrose preference for the first 1-2 days postpartum, compared to non-pregnant controls. Habituation to 1% sucrose during the pregnancy period, which increased preference upon later testing in previously pregnant rats tested on postpartum day 2, did not significantly increase preference in HSP rats, suggesting that depressed preference in the latter group was not due to neophobia. Pre-treatment with desipramine did not prevent suppressed sucrose preference in HSP rats, and preference was even further suppressed following chronic sertraline treatment. These results suggest that estradiol withdrawal following HSP may cause anhedonia during the early "postpartum" period. In contrast, females that have undergone actual pregnancy are less likely to show this effect, suggesting that postpartum hormonal changes other than the dramatic decline in estradiol may buffer its negative mood effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Navarre
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4820, USA
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Schutter DJLG, van Honk J. An endocrine perspective on the role of steroid hormones in the antidepressant treatment efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010; 35:171-8. [PMID: 19443126 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from recent meta-analyses indicates that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is moderately effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Individual differences in the susceptibility to TMS are suggested to underlie a significant portion of the variability in antidepressant efficacy observed in TMS trials. Interestingly, recent findings suggest a moderating role for steroid hormones in the antidepressant efficacy of TMS in women. Steroid hormones are known to have strong activational and organizational influences on the brain and may upregulate the efficacy of TMS by way of modulating cortical excitability in a sex-dependent manner. Here we propose that the measurement and manipulation of steroid hormones could be crucial steps in the development of successful individually based TMS protocols for the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J L G Schutter
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Greene J, Banasr M, Lee B, Warner-Schmidt J, Duman RS. Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling is required for the behavioral actions of antidepressant treatment: pharmacological and cellular characterization. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34:2459-68. [PMID: 19553916 PMCID: PMC3694572 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study extends earlier work on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the actions of antidepressant treatment in two key areas. First, by determining the requirement for VEGF in the actions of a 5-HT selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine in behavioral models of depression/antidepressant response; and second, by examining the role of the 5-HT1A receptor subtype in the regulation of VEGF, and the cellular localization of antidepressant regulation of VEGF expression. The results show that pharmacological inhibition of VEGF receptor signaling blocks the behavioral actions of fluoxetine in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable stress. Infusions of SU5416 or SU1498, two structurally dissimilar inhibitors of VEGF-Flk-1 receptor signaling, block the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine on sucrose preference, immobility in the forced swim test, and latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding paradigm. We also show that activation of 5-HT1A receptors is sufficient to induce VEGF expression and that a 5-HT1A antagonist blocks both the increase in VEGF and behavioral effects induced by fluoxetine. Finally, double labeling studies show that chronic fluoxetine administration increases VEGF expression in both neurons and endothelial cells in the hippocampus. Taken together these studies show that VEGF is necessary for the behavioral effects of the SSRI fluoxetine, as well as norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitor, and that these effects may be mediated by 5-HT1A receptors located on neurons and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Warner-Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Correspondence: Dr RS Duman, Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University, School of Medicine, Ribicoff Facilities, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06508, USA, Tel: +1 203 974 7726, Fax: + 1 203 974 7724,
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46
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Graziottin A, Serafini A. Depression and the menopause: why antidepressants are not enough? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 15:76-81. [DOI: 10.1258/mi.2009.009021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Gender differences, related to varying sexual hormone levels and hormone secretion patterns across the lifespan, contribute to women's vulnerability to mood disorders and major depression. Women are more prone than men to depression, from puberty onwards, with a specific exposure across the menopausal transition. However, controversy still exists in considering fluctuation/loss of estrogen as a specific aetiologic factor contributing to depression in perimenopause and beyond. Aims To briefly review the interaction between changes in menopausal hormone levels, mood disorders, associated neuropsychological co-morbidities and ageing, and to evaluate the currently available therapeutic options for perimenopausal mood disorders: (a) treatment of light to moderate mood disorders with hormonal therapy (HT); (b) treatment of major depression with antidepressants; (c) the synergistic effect between HT and antidepressants in treating menopausal depression. Results Depression across the menopause has a multifactorial aetiology. Predictive factors include: previous depressive episodes such as premenstrual syndrome and/or postpartum depression; co-morbidity with major menopausal symptoms, especially hot flashes, nocturnal sweating, insomnia; menopause not treated with HT; major existential stress; elevated body mass index; low socioeconomic level and ethnicity. Postmenopausal depression is more severe, has a more insidious course, is more resistant to conventional antidepressants in comparison with premenopausal women and has better outcomes when antidepressants are combined with HT. Conclusion The current evidence contributes to a re-reading of the relationship between menopause and depression. The combination of the antidepressant with HT seems to offer the best therapeutic potential in terms of efficacy, rapidity of improvement and consistency of remission in the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Serafini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milan, Italy
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47
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Role of estradiol withdrawal in ‘anhedonic’ sucrose consumption: A model of postpartum depression. Physiol Behav 2009; 97:259-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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