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Tomasi J, Zai CC, Pouget JG, Tiwari AK, Kennedy JL. Heart rate variability: Evaluating a potential biomarker of anxiety disorders. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14481. [PMID: 37990619 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Establishing quantifiable biological markers associated with anxiety will increase the objectivity of phenotyping and enhance genetic research of anxiety disorders. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological measure reflecting the dynamic relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, and is a promising target for further investigation. This review summarizes evidence evaluating HRV as a potential physiological biomarker of anxiety disorders by highlighting literature related to anxiety and HRV combined with investigations of endophenotypes, neuroimaging, treatment response, and genetics. Deficient HRV shows promise as an endophenotype of pathological anxiety and may serve as a noninvasive index of prefrontal cortical control over the amygdala, and potentially aid with treatment outcome prediction. We propose that the genetics of HRV can be used to enhance the understanding of the genetics of pathological anxiety for etiological investigations and treatment prediction. Given the anxiety-HRV link, strategies are offered to advance genetic analytical approaches, including the use of polygenic methods, wearable devices, and pharmacogenetic study designs. Overall, HRV shows promising support as a physiological biomarker of pathological anxiety, potentially in a transdiagnostic manner, with the heart-brain entwinement providing a novel approach to advance anxiety treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tomasi
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennie G Pouget
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Corrone M, Nanev A, Amato I, Bicknell R, Piantella S, Maruff P, van den Buuse M, Wright BJ. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66met polymorphism is associated with better attention and working memory performance and resilience to mild chronic stress. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3903-3916. [PMID: 37740693 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The val66met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene has been identified as a potential moderator for the relationship between chronic stress and executive functioning. However, whether the presence of the met allele increases cognitive vulnerability or resilience to stress has yet to be determined. Given the established effects of autonomic activity and psychological arousal on executive functioning, in the present study, 56 healthy university students completed self-report measures of chronic stress, positive arousal (vigour) and negative arousal (anxiety) and measured heart-rate variability to quantify autonomic activity. Participants then completed a cognitive test battery that measured attention, decision-making, visual learning and working memory. Regression analyses demonstrated that Val/met participants performed better on attention and working memory tasks than Val/val participants, but no differences were seen in decision-making and visual learning. Further, Val/met participants were protected from stress-related differences in attention seen in Val/val participants. Val66met was not associated with physiological or psychological arousal. This study demonstrates that val66met plays an important but selective role in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Corrone
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleshia Nanev
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabella Amato
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rowena Bicknell
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan Piantella
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley J Wright
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Galindo C, Nguyen VT, Hill B, Sims N, Heck A, Negron M, Lusk C. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265 (Val66Met) single nucleotide polymorphism as a master modifier of human pathophysiology. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799516 PMCID: PMC9241394 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is the most prevalent member of the nerve growth factor family. Since its discovery in 1978, this enigmatic molecule has spawned more than 27,000 publications, most of which are focused on neurological disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is indispensable during embryogenesis and postnatally for the normal development and function of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that brain-derived neurotrophic factor likewise plays crucial roles in a variety of other biological functions independently of sympathetic or parasympathetic involvement. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is also increasingly recognized as a sophisticated environmental sensor and master coordinator of whole organismal physiology. To that point, we recently found that a common nonsynonymous (Val66→Met) single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (rs6265) not only substantially alters basal cardiac transcriptomics in mice but subtly influences heart gene expression and function differentially in males and females. In addition to a short description of recent results from associative neuropsychiatric studies, this review provides an eclectic assortment of research reports that support a modulatory role for rs6265 including and beyond the central nervous system.
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Corrone M, Nanev A, Amato I, Bicknell R, Wundersitz DWT, van den Buuse M, Wright BJ. Brain-derived Neurotropic Factor val66met is a Strong Predictor of Decision Making and Attention Performance on the CONVIRT Virtual Reality Cognitive Battery. Neuroscience 2020; 455:19-29. [PMID: 33340609 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The val66met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene has been associated with changes in components of executive functioning such as decision making; however, this relationship remains unclear. Val66met-related changes in attention and visual processing speed may explain potential changes in decision making. Furthermore, chronic stress disrupts executive functions and alters autonomic activity. Because the relationship between val66met and cognition has not been investigated in the context of chronic stress or stress-related autonomic changes, in this study 55 healthy university students completed self-report measures of chronic stress and mental health. Participants then completed a virtual reality cognitive test battery (CONVIRT) measuring decision making, attention, and visual processing reaction times. To measure autonomic activity, saliva alpha amylase and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed at baseline and after CONVIRT testing. Saliva samples were used to identify val66met genotype. Regression analyses demonstrated that val66met was the strongest predictor of decision making and attention, but not visual processing, where valine/methionine (Val/met) participants had faster reaction times than Val/val participants. Val/met participants also had higher perceived chronic stress and heightened increases in sympathetic activity, but not parasympathetic activity. Neither stress nor autonomic activity moderated the effect of val66met on decision making or attention. This study is the first to investigate the role of val66met in decision making, attention, and visual processing while taking into account chronic stress and autonomic activity. This multifactorial approach revealed that carriers of the Val/met genotype may have better decision making and attention than Val/val carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Corrone
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Aleshia Nanev
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Isabella Amato
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rowena Bicknell
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | | | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Bradley James Wright
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Hoshi RA, Santos IS, Dantas EM, Andreão RV, Mill JG, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Lotufo PA, Bensenor I. Diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism on heart rate variability. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13349. [PMID: 32654127 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyse if the effects of coexistent diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism extend to the cardio autonomic nervous system, using heart rate variability baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart rate variability analyses were performed by linear time and frequency domains in 5-minute time series collected in the supine position. The associations of diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism with the lowest quartile group for heart rate and the highest quartile group for each heart rate variability parameter were analysed using additive and multiplicative terms in logistic models. For the first approach, the subsample was categorized into four groups: subjects without diabetes and normal thyroid function (controls); subjects without diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism; patients with diabetes and normal thyroid function; and patients with diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism. For the interaction alnalysis, diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism diagnoses were included in separate, along with a multiplicative interaction term between them. RESULTS Point odds ratio estimates for the 4th quartiles of heart rate, and 1st quartiles of all heart rate variability measurements were higher for subjects with combined diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism than for diabetes only, independently of main sociodemographic and clinical variables (HR: 8.33 vs 2.63; SDNN: 2.59 vs 1.61; RMSSD: 2.37 vs 1.42; LF: 2.83 vs 1.71; HF: 3.06 vs 1.39), but not independently of HbA1c and TSH. Only the interaction term for the association with heart rate, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables, had borderline statistical significance. CONCLUSION Diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism exert a potential joint impact on cardiac autonomic control, showed by additive effects between diabetes and subclinical hypothyroidism, as well as a significant interaction term for the association with heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela A Hoshi
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Dantas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale do Sao Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Andreão
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - José G Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Bruce B Duncan
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria I Schmidt
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Kuang D, Cui L, Kuang S, Yang R, Chen X, Zhang L, Lv R, Ou S, Song C. Effect of gender-related depression on heart rate variability during an autonomic nervous test. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:258-264. [PMID: 30594758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with depression have lower heart rate variability (HRV) compared with controls. However, studies have indicated HRV difference between male and female controls. The gender effect might be interactive with the depression effect on the HRV, resulting in a low accuracy of recognising the patients with depression from the controls. Our study explores the effect of gender-related depression on HRV. Four ANS tests including resting, deep breathing, Valsalva, and orthostatic test are employed as stimuli. HRV were collected from 182 subjects comprising 91 depressive patients (33 females/58 males) and 91 controls (33 females/58 males) in the four tests. Time and frequency domains and nonlinear parameters are employed to quantify HRV. Two-way ANOVA is applied to evaluate the effect of gender-related depression. Most HRV parameters of the patients significantly differ from those of the controls, but some parameters indicate different depression effect between the males and females in the deep breathing and Valsalva test. Some HRV parameters illustrate significant difference between the male and female controls. Therefore, the effect of depression on HRV of each gender should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Kuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyuan Kuang
- The Affiliate Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), China
| | - Rongqian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, China; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- Medical Devices Research & Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shenzhen Sayes Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruixue Lv
- Shenzhen Sayes Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanxing Ou
- General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxu Song
- Shenzhen Sayes Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Tsai SJ. Critical Issues in BDNF Val66Met Genetic Studies of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:156. [PMID: 29867348 PMCID: PMC5962780 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric diseases. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant and widely distributed neurotrophin in the brain. Its Val66Met polymorphism (refSNP Cluster Report: rs6265) is a common and functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affecting the activity-dependent release of BDNF. BDNF Val66Met transgenic mice have been generated, which may provide further insight into the functional impact of this polymorphism in the brain. Considering the important role of BDNF in brain function, more than 1,100 genetic studies have investigated this polymorphism in the past 15 years. Although these studies have reported some encouraging positive findings initially, most of the findings cannot be replicated in following studies. These inconsistencies in BDNF Val66Met genetic studies may be attributed to many factors such as age, sex, environmental factors, ethnicity, genetic model used for analysis, and gene–gene interaction, which are discussed in this review. We also discuss the results of recent studies that have reported the novel functions of this polymorphism. Because many BDNF polymorphisms and non-genetic factors have been implicated in the complex traits of neuropsychiatric diseases, the conventional genetic association-based method is limited to address these complex interactions. Future studies should apply data mining and machine learning techniques to determine the genetic role of BDNF in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang JH, Chang HA, Fang WH, Ho PS, Liu YP, Wan FJ, Tzeng NS, Shyu JF, Chang CC. Serotonin receptor 1A promoter polymorphism, rs6295, modulates human anxiety levels via altering parasympathetic nervous activity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 137:263-272. [PMID: 29363117 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The G-allele of the -1019C/G (rs6295) promoter polymorphism of the serotonin receptor 1A (HTR1A) gene has been implicated in anxiety; however, the underlying neurophysiological processes are still not fully understood. Recent evidence indicates that low parasympathetic (vagal) tone is predictive of anxiety. We thus conducted a structural equation model (SEM) to examine whether the HTR1A rs6295 variant can affect anxiety by altering parasympathetic nervous activity. METHOD A sample of 1141 drug-free healthy Han Chinese was recruited for HTR1A genotyping. Autonomic nervous function was assessed by short-term spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Anxiety and stress levels were evaluated by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) respectively. RESULTS The number of the HTR1A G allele was inversely correlated with high-frequency power (HF), a parasympathetic index of HRV. The HF index was negatively associated with BAI scores. Furthermore, the good-fitting SEM, adjusting for confounding variables (e.g., age and PSS levels), revealed a significant pathway linking rs6295 variant to BAI scores via HF index modulation. CONCLUSION These results are the first to show that HTR1A -1019C/G polymorphism influences anxiety levels by modulating parasympathetic tone, providing a neurophysiological insight into the role of HTR1A in human anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-A Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-H Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P-S Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-P Liu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Physiology and Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-J Wan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N-S Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-F Shyu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang CC, Fang WH, Chang HA, Chang TC, Shyu JF, Huang SY. Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) gene promoter variant interacts with chronic perceived stress to modulate resting parasympathetic activity in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 76:119-126. [PMID: 27912162 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Decreased resting vagal (parasympathetic) tone is implicated in the development of stress-related disorders, including anxiety and depression. Chronic stress elevates the expression of serotonin 2A receptors (5-HT2A), while activation of 5-HT2A leads to inhibition of parasympathetic synaptic transmission. The T allele of the promoter variant, rs6311 (C>T), of the 5-HT2A gene has been shown to increase the 5-HT2A expression in vitro and to be associated with anxiety and depressive disorders. We thus hypothesized that the 5-HT2A functional polymorphism may influence resting vagal activity among persons with chronically high levels of perceived stress. A total of 1138 well-defined healthy, medication-free Han Chinese were included for 5-HT2A genotyping. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to measure the level of perceived stress during the last month and participants were divided into low and high PSS groups. Resting-state heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess autonomic function. No significant between-genotype difference was found in any HRV variable in the low PSS group (n=610). However, in the high PSS group (n=528), high frequency power and root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences (both HRV indices of parasympathetic activity) were significantly reduced in T/T genotype carriers compared to C/C homozygotes. Our findings are the first to show that individuals homozygous for the high-expressing 5-HT2A (T) allele exhibit diminished resting vagal tone-an index of stress vulnerability-when experiencing chronically elevated levels of perceived stress. The present results may advance our understanding of the genetic mechanism underlying individual differences in susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Ching Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fwa Shyu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang CC, Chang HA, Fang WH, Chang TC, Huang SY. Gender-specific association between serotonin transporter polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and rs25531) and neuroticism, anxiety and depression in well-defined healthy Han Chinese. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:422-428. [PMID: 27788383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A tri-allelic serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR/rs25531) more effectively determines the levels of transcriptional efficacy than that with the bi-allelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in vitro. Both are reportedly associated with personality traits of negative emotionality, but with conflicting findings. One explanation for this is that a gender difference may play a role in genetic contribution. Here, we hypothesized that the tri-allelic genotype of the serotonin transporter is more closely linked to neuroticism, an anxiety- and depression-related trait, than the bi-allelic variation, particularly in a gender-dependent way. METHODS The genotypes of the 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 loci were determined in 1139 well-defined physically and mentally healthy Han Chinese (550 men, 589 women; mean age 38.3±10.3 years). All participants completed the neuroticism measure of the short-form Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). The levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. RESULTS A significant tri-allelic genotype-by-gender interaction effect was found in the MPI-neuroticism measure. S'S' homozygotes were associated with higher neuroticism than L' allele carriers in men. Also, both the BAI and BDI scores were higher in the S'S' homozygotic men. In the bi-allelic analyses, however, there was only an association between SS genotype and MPI-neuroticism in men. LIMITATIONS Sub-analyses by gender-stratification may reduce the statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that gender differences exist in the genetic contributions of the serotonin transporter in human neuroticism, and anxiety/depression. Our data provide further support for rs25531, strengthening the effects of 5-HTTLPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Ching Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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A biological perspective on differences and similarities between burnout and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 73:112-122. [PMID: 27993607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To compare and contrast burnout and depression is not only a conceptual issue, but may deliver important directions for treatment approaches and stabilize the awareness of disease which is essential for affected individuals. Because of the symptomatic overlap, it is a subject of multidimensional research and discussion to find specific signatures to differentiate between the two phenomena or to present evidence that they are different aspects of the same disorder. Both pathologies are regarded as stress-related disorders. Therefore, in this review burnout and depression are discussed on the basis of biological parameters, mainly heart rate variability (HRV) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are crucial to the stress response system. It emerges that instead of finding one specific discriminating marker, future research should rather concentrate on elaborating indices for burnout and depression which integrate combinations of parameters found in genetics, neurobiology, physiology and environment.
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Lu WC, Tzeng NS, Kao YC, Yeh CB, Kuo TBJ, Chang CC, Chang HA. Correlation between health-related quality of life in the physical domain and heart rate variability in asymptomatic adults. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14:149. [PMID: 27765048 PMCID: PMC5073888 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-016-0555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced health-related quality of life in the physical domain (HRQOLphysical) has been reported to increase risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) that connects the body and mind is a biologically plausible candidate to investigate this mechanism. The aim of our study is to examine whether the HRQOLphysical independently contributes to heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects ANS activity. Methods We recruited 329 physically and mentally healthy adults. All participants completed Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and World Health Organization Questionnaire on Quality of Life: Short Form-Taiwanese version (WHOQOL-BREF). They were divided into groups of individuals having high or low scores of HRQOLphysical as discriminated by the quartile value of WHOQOL-BREF. We obtained the time and frequency-domain indices of HRV, namely variance (total HRV), the low-frequency power (LF; 0.05–0.15 Hz), which may reflect baroreflex function, the high-frequency power (HF; 0.15–0.40 Hz), which reflects cardiac parasympathetic activity, and the LF/HF ratio. Results There was an independent contribution of HRQOLphysical to explaining the variance in HRV after excluding potential confounding factors (gender, age, physical activity, alcohol use, depression and anxiety). Compared with the participants with high levels of HRQOLphysical, those with low levels of HRQOLphysical displayed significant reductions in variance and LF. Conclusions This study highlights the independent role of low HRQOLphysical in contributing to the reduced HRV in healthy adults and points to a potential underlying mechanism for HRQOLphysical to confer increased risks for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Liu YW, Tzeng NS, Yeh CB, Kuo TBJ, Huang SY, Chang CC, Chang HA. Reduced cardiac autonomic response to deep breathing: A heritable vulnerability trait in patients with schizophrenia and their healthy first-degree relatives. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:335-41. [PMID: 27442977 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced resting heart rate variability (HRV) has been observed in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives, suggesting genetic predispositions. However, findings have not been consistent. We assessed cardiac autonomic response to deep breathing in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (n=45; 26 female; aged 39.69±14.82 years). Data were compared to healthy controls (n=45; 26 female; aged 38.27±9.79 years) matched for age, gender, body mass index and physical activity as well as to unmedicated patients with acute schizophrenia (n=45; 25 female; aged 37.31±12.65 years). Electrocardiograms were recorded under supine resting and deep-breathing conditions (10-12breaths/min). We measured HRV components including variance, low-frequency (LF) power, which may reflect baroreflex function, high-frequency (HF) power, which reflects cardiac parasympathetic activity, and LF/HF ratio, which may reflect sympatho-vagal balance. Patients rather than relatives exhibited lower resting-state HRV (variance, LF, and HF) than controls. As expected, deep breathing induced an increase in variance and HF-HRV in controls. However, such a response was significantly reduced in both patients and their relatives. In conclusion, the diminished cardiac autonomic reactivity to deep breathing seen in patients and their unaffected relatives indicates that this pattern of cardiac autonomic dysregulation may be regarded as a genetic trait marker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Bin Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Association of neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism (rs16147) with perceived stress and cardiac vagal outflow in humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31683. [PMID: 27527739 PMCID: PMC4985655 DOI: 10.1038/srep31683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in resilience to stress, and higher vagal (parasympathetic) activity has been associated with greater stress resilience. Thus, we examined whether rs16147, a functional promoter polymorphism (C>T) of the NPY gene, could influence vagal tone during chronic high stress levels. NPY genotyping, chronic psychological stress level measurement (using the Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), cardiac autonomic function assessment (using short-term heart rate variability [HRV]) were performed in 1123 healthy, drug-free Han Chinese participants who were divided into low- and high-PSS groups. In the high-PSS group (n = 522), the root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences and high frequency power (both HRV indices of parasympathetic activity) were significantly increased in T/T homozygotes compared to C/C homozygotes. However, no significant between-genotype difference was found in any HRV variable in the low-PSS group (n = 601). Our results are the first to demonstrate that functional NPY variation alters chronic stress-related vagal control, suggesting a potential parasympathetic role for NPY gene in stress regulation.
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15
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Kao LC, Liu YW, Tzeng NS, Kuo TBJ, Huang SY, Chang CC, Chang HA. Linking an Anxiety-Related Personality Trait to Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Well-Defined Healthy Adults: Harm Avoidance and Resting Heart Rate Variability. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:397-405. [PMID: 27482240 PMCID: PMC4965649 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxiety trait, anxiety and depression states have all been reported to increase risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD), possibly through altering cardiac autonomic regulation. Our aim was to investigate whether the relationship between harm avoidance (HA, an anxiety-related personality trait) and cardiac autonomic regulation is independent of anxiety and depression states in healthy adults. METHODS We recruited 535 physically and mentally healthy volunteers. Participants completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Tri-dimensional Personality Questionnaire. Participants were divided into high or low HA groups as discriminated by the quartile value. Cardiac autonomic function was evaluated by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). We obtained the time and frequency-domain indices of HRV including variance (total HRV), the low-frequency power (LF; 0.05-0.15 Hz), which may reflect baroreflex function, the high-frequency power (HF; 0.15-0.40 Hz), which reflects cardiac parasympathetic activity, as well as the LF/HF ratio. RESULTS The BDI and HA scores showed associations with HRV parameters. After adjustment for the BDI scores and other control variables, HA is still associated with reduced variance, LF and HF power. Compared with the participants with low HA, those with high HA displayed significant reductions in variance, LF and HF power and a significant increase in their LF/HF ratio. CONCLUSION This study highlights the independent role of HA in contributing to decreased autonomic cardiac regulation in healthy adults and provides a potential underlying mechanism for anxiety trait to confer increased risk for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Cheng Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B. J. Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang HA, Chang CC, Kuo TBJ, Huang SY. Distinguishing bipolar II depression from unipolar major depressive disorder: Differences in heart rate variability. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:351-60. [PMID: 25800950 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1017606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar II (BPII) depression is commonly misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD); however, an objective and reliable tool to differentiate between these disorders is lacking. Whether cardiac autonomic function can be used as a biomarker to distinguish BPII from UD is unknown. METHODS We recruited 116 and 591 physically healthy patients with BPII depression and UD, respectively, and 421 healthy volunteers aged 20-65 years. Interviewer and self-reported measures of depression/anxiety severity were obtained. Cardiac autonomic function was evaluated by heart rate variability (HRV) and frequency-domain indices of HRV. RESULTS Patients with BPII depression exhibited significantly lower mean R-R intervals, variance (total HRV), low frequency (LF)-HRV, and high frequency (HF)-HRV but higher LF/HF ratio compared to those with UD. The significant differences remained after adjusting for age. Compared to the controls, the patients with BPII depression showed cardiac sympathetic excitation with reciprocal vagal impairment, whereas the UD patients showed only vagal impairment. Depression severity independently contributed to decreased HRV and vagal tone in both the patients with BPII depression and UD, but increased sympathetic tone only in those with BPII depression. CONCLUSIONS HRV may aid in the differential diagnosis of BPII depression and UD as an adjunct to diagnostic interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
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17
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Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:288-310. [PMID: 26964804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to quantify current evidence on sex differences in the autonomic control of the heart, indexed by measures of heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy human subjects. An extensive search of the literature yielded 2020 titles and abstracts, of which 172 provided sufficient reporting of sex difference in HRV. Data from 63,612 participants (31,970 females) were available for analysis. Meta-analysis yielded a total of 1154 effect size estimates (k) across 50 different measures of HRV in a cumulated total of 296,247 participants. Females showed a significantly lower mean RR interval and standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN). The power spectral density of HRV in females is characterized by significantly less total power that contains significantly greater high- (HF) and less low-frequency (LF) power. This is further reflected by a lower LF/HF ratio. Meta-regression revealed significant effects of age, respiration control and the length of recording available for analysis. Although women showed greater mean heart rate, they showed greater vagal activity indexed by HF power of HRV. Underlying mechanisms of these findings are discussed.
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18
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Yeh TC, Kao LC, Tzeng NS, Kuo TBJ, Huang SY, Chang CC, Chang HA. Heart rate variability in major depressive disorder and after antidepressant treatment with agomelatine and paroxetine: Findings from the Taiwan Study of Depression and Anxiety (TAISDA). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016. [PMID: 26216863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from previous studies suggests that heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether this reduction is attributable to the disorder per se or to medication, since antidepressants may also affect HRV, is still debated. There is a dearth of information regarding the effects of agomelatine, a novel antidepressant, on HRV. Here, we investigated whether HRV is reduced in MDD and compared the effects of agomelatine and paroxetine on HRV. We recruited 618 physically healthy unmedicated patients with MDD and 506 healthy volunteers aged 20-65 years. Frequency-domain measures of resting HRV were obtained at the time of enrollment for all participants. For patients with MDD, these measures were obtained again after 6 weeks of either agomelatine or paroxetine monotherapy. Compared with healthy subjects, unmedicated patients with MDD exhibited significantly lower variance (total HRV), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) HRV, and a higher LF/HF ratio. Depression severity independently contributed to decreased HRV and vagal tone. Fifty-six patients completed the open-label trial (n=29 for agomelatine, n=27 for paroxetine). Between-group analyses showed a significant group-by-time interaction for LF-HRV and HF-HRV, driven by increases in LF-HRV and HF-HRV only after agomelatine treatment. Within the paroxetine-treated group, there were no significant changes in mean R-R intervals or any HRV indices. We therefore concluded that MDD is associated with reduced HRV, which is inversely related to depression severity. Compared with paroxetine, agomelatine has a more vagotonic effect, suggesting greater cardiovascular safety. Clinicians should consider HRV effects while selecting antidepressants especially for depressed patients who already have decreased cardiac vagal tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Cheng Kao
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chia Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chang CC, Fang WH, Chang HA, Huang SY. Functional Ser205Leu polymorphism of the nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) gene is associated with vagal autonomic dysregulation in humans. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13136. [PMID: 26278479 PMCID: PMC4538378 DOI: 10.1038/srep13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that reduced cardiac vagal (parasympathetic) tone, a robust cardiovascular risk factor, is a trait vulnerability marker of major depressive disorder (MDD). The Ser205/Ser205 genotype of the functional polymorphism (Ser205Leu) of the nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), also called p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), gene is reported to increase the risk of MDD. Here, we hypothesized that the NGFR Ser205Leu polymorphism may have an effect on vagal control. A sample of 810 healthy, drug-free, unrelated Han Chinese (413 males, 397 females; mean age 35.17 ± 8.53 years) was included in the NGFR genotyping. Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) was used to assess vagus-mediated autonomic function. Potential HRV covariates, such as mood/anxiety status and serum metabolic parameters, were assessed. Homozygotes of the Ser205 allele had significantly lower high frequency power and root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences, both HRV indices of vagal modulation, compared to Leu205 allele carriers. Even after adjusting for relevant confounders, these associations remained significant. Further stratification by sex revealed that the associations were observed only in males. Our results implicate that decreased parasympathetic activity is associated with the NGFR Ser205/Ser205 genotype in a gender-specific manner, suggesting a potential role of NGFR polymorphism in modulating cardiac autonomic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chia Chang
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Fang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin XP, Zhong WZ. Relationship between cardiovascular autonomic function and heart rate variability in irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:328-331. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i2.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic function and heart rate variability in irritable bowel syndrome.
METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with irritable bowel syndrome treated at the the Third People's Hospital of Haikou City, Hainan from January 2011 to December 2012 were included. The patients underwent cardiovascular autonomic function tests, and based on the results, the patients were divided into either a positive or a negative group. Fifty healthy subjects were included in a control group. Heart rate variability was compared between the three groups.
RESULTS: The abnormal rate of cardiovascular autonomic function was significantly higher in patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in normal controls (71.8% vs 28.0%, P < 0.05). Standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), self-developing artificial neural network (SDANN), percentage of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals exceeding 50 milliseconds (PNN50), root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), average standard deviation of 5 min NN intervals (SDNN index), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF in the positive group were significantly different from those in the control group (104.6 ms ± 23.6 ms vs 151.6 ms ± 23.7 ms, 99.5 ms ± 18.9 ms vs 128.5 ms ± 18.9 ms, 15.6 ± 3.6 10.5 ± 2.8, 38.9 ms ± 9.8 ms vs 25.5 ms ± 6.7 ms, 36.7 ms ± 8.5 ms vs 105.5 ms ± 21.2 ms, 412.6 ms2 ± 88.9 ms2vs 299.6 ms2 ± 77.8 ms2, 0.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.3 ± 0.3, P < 0.05). RMSSD, PNN50, HF, and LF/HF in the negative group were significantly different from those in the control group (39.4 ms ± 9.6 ms vs 25.5 ms ± 6.7 ms, 15.7 ± 3.8 vs 10.5 ± 2.8, 408.6 ms2 ± 90.6 ms2vs 299.6 ms2 ± 77.8 ms2, 0.9 ± 0.3 vs 1.3 ± 0.3, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Clinical monitoring of heart rate variability may allow for the discovery of irritable autonomic function abnormality as early as possible in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
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