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Dong T, Yu C, Mao Q, Han F, Yang Z, Yang Z, Pires N, Wei X, Jing W, Lin Q, Hu F, Hu X, Zhao L, Jiang Z. Advances in biosensors for major depressive disorder diagnostic biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116291. [PMID: 38735080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and is mainly characterized by low mood or lack of interest and pleasure. It can be accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive and behavioral changes and may lead to suicide risk in severe cases. Due to the subjectivity of diagnostic methods and the complexity of patients' conditions, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has always been a difficult problem in psychiatry. With the discovery of more diagnostic biomarkers associated with MDD in recent years, especially emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it is possible to quantify the condition of patients with mental illness based on biomarker levels. Point-of-care biosensors have emerged due to their advantages of convenient sampling, rapid detection, miniaturization, and portability. After summarizing the pathogenesis of MDD, representative biomarkers, including proteins, hormones, and RNAs, are discussed. Furthermore, we analyzed recent advances in biosensors for detecting various types of biomarkers of MDD, highlighting representative electrochemical sensors. Future trends in terms of new biomarkers, new sample processing methods, and new detection modalities are expected to provide a complete reference for psychiatrists and biomedical engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Qi Mao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Feng Han
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fei Hu
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Smart Justice, School of Criminal Investigation, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Libo Zhao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Garner S, Davies E, Barkus E, Kraeuter AK. Ketogenic diet has a positive association with mental and emotional well-being in the general population. Nutrition 2024; 124:112420. [PMID: 38669832 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A ketogenic diet reduces pathologic stress and improves mood in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the effects of a ketogenic diet for people from the general population have largely been unexplored. A ketogenic diet is increasingly used for weight loss. Research in healthy individuals primarily focuses on the physical implications of a ketogenic diet. It is important to understand the holistic effects of a ketogenic diet, not only the physiological but also the psychological effects, in non-clinical samples. The aim of this cross-sectional study with multiple cohorts was to investigate the association of a ketogenic diet with different aspects of mental health, including calmness, contentedness, alertness, cognitive and emotional stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness, in a general healthy population. METHODS Two online surveys were distributed: cohort 1 used Bond-Lader visual analog scales and Perceived Stress Scale (n = 147) and cohort 2 the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (n = 276). RESULTS A ketogenic diet was associated with higher self-reported mental and emotional well-being behaviors, including calmness, contentedness, alertness, cognitive and emotional stress, depression, anxiety, and loneliness, compared with individuals on a non-specific diet in a general population. CONCLUSION This research found that a ketogenic diet has potential psychological benefits in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Garner
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Evan Davies
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Barkus
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; NUTRAN, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Ding X, Zhu M, Zhao F, Wang Q, Shi J, Li Z. Influence of stress-specific interventions on biomarker levels and cognitive function in cancer patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Health Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38433554 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer patients' psycho-physiological health is seriously affected by long-term exposure to stress. Many studies have explored the impact of stress-specific interventions on cancer patients' biomarker levels and cognitive functions. However, the current research findings are inconsistent, and their statistical power is limited by the small samples. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to verify the effect of stress-specific interventions on cancer patients. METHODS The literature involved nine databases from the inception until January 13, 2024, extracted 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software was used to perform a meta-analysis, and the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) was utilized for quality evaluation. RESULTS Nine RCTs were assessed as having a low risk of bias, and others had a moderate risk. The results showed that stress-specific interventions had beneficial effects on patients' subjective cognition but uncertain impacts on their executive function, tumour necrosis factor-α level, morning cortisol level, and no effect on cortisol at other times, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1, and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION More rigorous studies are required to elucidate the influence of stress-specific interventions on biomarker levels. The potential mechanism by which stress-specific interventions affect the cancer patient's cognitive function remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ding
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Shi
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Xiang L, Zeng X, Luo Y, Tan S, Wang F, Mao X. The association between psychological resilience and hair cortisol concentration in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Psychiatry Med 2024; 59:182-198. [PMID: 37222570 DOI: 10.1177/00912174231178108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience measures are typically based on subjective self-assessment, which is prone to bias. Objective biological/physiological measures of resilience are therefore needed. Hair cortisol concentration is a particularly promising candidate as a biomarker for resilience. METHODS We conducted a meta-analytic review from inception to April 2023 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Psych Info databases. All data were analyzed using a random-effects model. RESULTS Eight studies were identified that included a total of 1,064 adults. The random effects model demonstrated that resilience and hair cortisol concentration were inversely correlated (r = -0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.27 to -0.09) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 54.2%, p = 0.03). The inverse association was stronger in those who were age 40 years or younger compared to those who were over 40 years. The correlation coefficients between psychological resilience and hair cortisol concentration among adults assessed by different resilience measures were r = -0.29 (95% CI = -0.49 to -0.08) for the CD-RISC-10; r = -0.21 (95% CI = -0.31 to -0.11) for the CDRISC- 25, and r = -0.08 (95% CI = -0.22 to 0.06) for the BRS. Six of eight studies examined the connection between resilience and perceived stress, where the weighted mean correlation coefficient was r = -0.45 (95% CI = -0.56 to -0.33), with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 76.2%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a negative association between psychological resilience and hair cortisol concentration based on these eight studies. Additional research, particularly prospective studies, is needed to determine whether hair cortisol concentration can be used as a biomarker for psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiWen Xiang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Emergence Intensive Care Unit, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - YinXia Luo
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, Guang'an Vocational and Technical College
| | - SuFang Tan
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Emergence Intensive Care Unit, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - XiaoRong Mao
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- General Surgery Area, Department of Nursing, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Izawa S, Kawasaki M, Sugaya N, Nomura S. Time-course changes in fingernail cortisol levels during pregnancy and postpartum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1145. [PMID: 38212622 PMCID: PMC10784579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The cortisol level in fingernails can reflect the cumulative hormones produced in the body several months prior. However, previous studies have only demonstrated the cross-sectional associations of fingernail cortisol with salivary or hair cortisol, and not longitudinal changes in fingernail cortisol in situations where cortisol levels in the body could be expected to change. Therefore, this study focused on pregnancy as a model for changes in cortisol levels over a prolonged period of time, and investigating the time courses of fingernail cortisol during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We collected nail samples from 30 healthy women during pregnancy and 12 months postpartum to measure the cortisol levels in the nail. Results showed that cortisol levels in fingernail clippings increased from 1 month before childbirth to 4 months postpartum, with the levels peaking at 2 months postpartum. Additionally, we found higher cortisol levels in fingernail clippings in primiparas than in those of multiparas. The time course of fingernail cortisol levels could replicate the longitudinal changes in cortisol in the body, and differences between multiparas and primiparas seemed to be biologically plausible, which could support the concept of fingernail cortisol as a retrospective index of hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Izawa
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | - Mikiko Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing, Munakata, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sugaya
- Occupational Stress and Health Management Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nomura
- Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan.
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Ray R, Rakesh A, Singh S, Madhyastha H, Mani NK. Hair and Nail-On-Chip for Bioinspired Microfluidic Device Fabrication and Biomarker Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-27. [PMID: 38133962 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2291825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of biosensors has tremendously increased our potential of identifying and solving important problems in various domains, ranging from food safety and environmental analysis, to healthcare and medicine. However, one of the most prominent drawbacks of these technologies, especially in the biomedical field, is to employ conventional samples, such as blood, urine, tissue extracts and other body fluids for analysis, which suffer from the drawbacks of invasiveness, discomfort, and high costs encountered in transportation and storage, thereby hindering these products to be applied for point-of-care testing that has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Therefore, through this review, we emphasize for the first time, the applications of switching over to noninvasive sampling techniques involving hair and nails that not only circumvent most of the aforementioned limitations, but also serve as interesting alternatives in understanding the human physiology involving minimal costs, equipment and human interference when combined with rapidly advancing technologies, such as microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip to achieve miniaturization on an unprecedented scale. The coalescence between these two fields has not only led to the fabrication of novel microdevices involving hair and nails, but also function as robust biosensors for the detection of biomarkers, chemicals, metabolites and nucleic acids through noninvasive sampling. Finally, we have also elucidated a plethora of futuristic innovations that could be incorporated in such devices, such as expanding their applications in nail and hair-based drug delivery, their potential in serving as next-generation wearable sensors and integrating these devices with machine-learning for enhanced automation and decentralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitraj Ray
- Department of Bioengineering (BE), Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amith Rakesh
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Sheetal Singh
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naresh Kumar Mani
- Microfluidics, Sensors and Diagnostics (μSenD) Laboratory, Centre for Microfluidics, Biomarkers, Photoceutics and Sensors (μBioPS), Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576 104, India
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Fisher V, Li WW, Malabu U. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the mental health, HbA1C, and mindfulness of diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1733-1749. [PMID: 36855248 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The clinically standardised mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been utilised as an intervention for improving mental health among diabetes patients The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the mental health, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), and mindfulness of diabetes patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was employed to review randomised controlled trials published in the English language between the inception of eight databases to July 2022. Eleven articles from 10 studies, with a combined sample size of 718 participants, were included in the systematic review, and nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, outcomes at post-intervention and follow-up were compared between the MBSR intervention and control groups with an adjustment of the baseline values. The results showed that MBSR demonstrated effects at post-intervention and follow-up (in a period between one to 12 months with a mean length of 4.3 months) in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms, and enhancing mindfulness, with large effect sizes. However, the effect of MBSR on reducing stress was observed at follow-up, but not at post-intervention. Effects of MBSR on HbA1C were not detected at post-intervention and follow-up. The findings suggest that MBSR appears to be an effective treatment for improving mental health conditions and mindfulness in people with diabetes. The measurement of cortisol is recommended to be used as a biological measure to evaluate the effectiveness of MBSR in diabetes patients in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Usman Malabu
- James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
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Schumacher S, Laufer S, Fischer S. Fingernail Cortisol: A Biological Signal of Lifetime Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2023; 82:300-305. [PMID: 37806304 PMCID: PMC10614476 DOI: 10.1159/000531315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone cortisol are a frequently replicated finding in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the current state of research is inconclusive as to whether hypercortisolism represents a trait- or state-like biological signal of MDD. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, whether cortisol in fingernails, a highly accessible tissue, could distinguish currently remitted individuals with MDD from healthy controls. A further aim was to identify potential confounders of nail cortisol. METHODS A total of N = 100 individuals from the general population were recruited. A structured clinical interview was administered, which resulted in two groups: n = 48 with lifetime MDD and n = 52 healthy controls. All participants answered questions on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and psychosocial characteristics. They also grew their nails for 14 days and cut them for the subsequent determination of cortisol. RESULTS The groups differed in their nail cortisol concentrations, such that the individuals with lifetime MDD had significantly higher concentrations than the healthy controls (p = 0.041). Within the group of individuals with lifetime MDD, the number of experienced episodes was significantly correlated with cortisol (p = 0.011). Income emerged as the only significant confounder of cortisol (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Elevated fingernail cortisol appears to be a biological signal of MDD, even in the absence of a current major depressive episode. Its high accessibility and robustness render it a promising methodology for remote research as well as for the integration of biomarkers into clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schumacher
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Laufer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Klusmann H, Luecking N, Engel S, Blecker MK, Knaevelsrud C, Schumacher S. Menstrual cycle-related changes in HPA axis reactivity to acute psychosocial and physiological stressors - a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105212. [PMID: 37149074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sex disparities are evident in the biological response to acute stressors, with a suggested influence of ovarian hormones on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates differences in HPA axis reactivity to acute psychosocial or physiological stressors between menstrual cycle phases. A systematic literature search of six databases resulted in 12 longitudinal studies (n = 182) examining HPA axis reactivity in healthy, naturally-cycling, non-breastfeeding participants aged between 18 and 45 years in at least two cycle phases. The quality of cortisol and menstrual cycle assessment was rated and a descriptive synthesis and meta-analysis of HPA axis reactivity between two broader and five more precise cycle phases was conducted. Three studies provided sufficient data for the meta-analysis and showed a significant, small-sized effect, indicating higher cortisol reactivity in the luteal than in the follicular cycle phase. More primary studies with high-quality menstrual cycle and cortisol assessment are needed. The review did not receive funding and was pre-registered (PROSPERO; CRD42020181632).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Klusmann
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Noemi Luecking
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sinha Engel
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Meike Katharina Blecker
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Knaevelsrud
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Schumacher
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Schwendenerstraße 27, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute for Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine, Faculty of Health, HMU Health and Medical University, Olympischer Weg 1, 14471 Potsdam, Germany.
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Teo CH, Wong ACH, Sivakumaran RN, Parhar I, Soga T. Gender Differences in Cortisol and Cortisol Receptors in Depression: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087129. [PMID: 37108291 PMCID: PMC10138698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is known to have a significant impact on mental health. While gender differences can be found in stress response and mental disorders, there are limited studies on the neuronal mechanisms of gender differences in mental health. Here, we discuss gender and cortisol in depression as presented by recent clinical studies, as well as gender differences in the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in stress-associated mental disorders. When examining clinical studies drawn from PubMed/MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine) and EMBASE, salivary cortisol generally showed no gender correlation. However, young males were reported to show heightened cortisol reactivity compared to females of similar age in depression. Pubertal hormones, age, early life stressors, and types of bio-samples for cortisol measurement affected the recorded cortisol levels. The role of GRs and MRs in the HPA axis could be different between males and females during depression, with increased HPA activity and upregulated MR expression in male mice, while the inverse happened in female mice. The functional heterogeneity and imbalance of GRs and MRs in the brain may explain gender differences in mental disorders. This knowledge and understanding will support the development of gender-specific diagnostic markers involving GRs and MRs in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuin Hau Teo
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ally Chai Hui Wong
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rooba Nair Sivakumaran
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tomoko Soga
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kokka I, Chrousos GP, Darviri C, Bacopoulou F. Measuring Adolescent Chronic Stress: A Review of Established Biomarkers and Psychometric Instruments. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:74-82. [PMID: 35124668 DOI: 10.1159/000522387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of stressful physiological and psychosocial changes. Exposure to chronic stress can cause specific structural and functional changes in an organism, which can be appraised objectively. Some of these alterations are an expected reaction of the body in its attempt to adapt to a stressful situation, while others are signs of possible disease development. The aim of this review was to present the most widely used methods of stress evaluation in adolescence research. Primary biomarkers associated with different biological systems, such as the stress hormones glucocorticoids, and catecholamines, as well as the available methods of extraction and assessment of each biomarker, are presented. This work also includes secondary outcomes, which can also provide an estimation of an individual's stress level. Also, most available psychometric instruments of stress, constructed to address specifically this period of life, are presented and discussed. In addition, this paper addresses possible confounding factors that may affect stress measurements, which should be taken under consideration when conducting stress research. To objectively evaluate stress, it is of great importance for a researcher to be familiar with the condition under examination and its representative stress indices. Adequate evaluation of adolescents with the selection of proper psychometric tests and biological markers can help design targeted interventions aiming to prevent or reverse the effects of physical and mental stressors that occur during adolescence, effects that can be carried into adulthood with detrimental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia Kokka
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Psychiatry, Outpatient Specialty Clinic for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Behavioral Therapy, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Darviri
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- Postgraduate Course on the Science of Stress and Health Promotion, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Pediatrics, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, School of Medicine, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Dai C, Zheng J, Qi L, Deng P, Wu M, Li L, Yuan J. Chronic stress boosts systemic inflammation and compromises antiviral innate immunity in Carassius gibel. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105156. [PMID: 36814911 PMCID: PMC9939519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally considered that stress causes decreased immune function and render fish vulnerable to infection and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms between stress responses and susceptibility to infections, especially viral diseases, in fish remain unknown. Understanding and monitoring the biological consequences and mechanisms underlying stress responses in fish may contribute to the improvement of animal welfare and production efficiency. In this study, long-term exposure to a variety of stressors, including chasing, overcrowding, restraint stress, and air exposure mimicking chronic stresses, in aquaculture practices was conducted in Carassius gibel to investigate the consequences of chronic stress on inflammation and antiviral capability. With the continuation of stimulation, experimental fish gradually became insensitive to the stress of net chasing and feeding with the accompaniment of upregulated gene expressed in the HPI axis and elevated levels of stress hormones. As expected, stress-induced hyperglycaemia with a decrease in the insulin signaling pathway and altered gene expression in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, suggesting the disturbance of glycometabolism. Importantly, a link between intestinal homoeostasis and systemic low-grade inflammation in stressed C. gibel was observed, implying crosstalk among the brain, intestine, and other organs. Furthermore, the compromised antiviral capability with impaired antiviral innate immunity in stressed fish was confirmed by RNA sequencing and infection with Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2), promoting the understanding of enhanced susceptibility to viral infection in stressed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiao Dai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZUA), Wuhan, China
| | - Jianduo Zheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Consultation, Tianbin Ruicheng Environmental Technology Engineering Co., LTD, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Fisheries Science Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengke Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZUA), Wuhan, China
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZUA), Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Brief Report: Above and Beyond Safety: Psychosocial and Biobehavioral Impact of Autism-Assistance Dogs on Autistic Children and their Families. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:468-483. [PMID: 34984639 PMCID: PMC8726517 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autism-Assistance Dogs (AADs) are highly-skilled service animals trained primarily to ensure the safety of an autistic child by preventing elopement and mitigating 'meltdowns'. Although anecdotal accounts and case-studies have indicated that AADs confer benefits above and beyond safety, empirical support anchored in validated clinical, behavioral, and physiological measures is lacking. To address this gap, we studied children and their families before and after receiving a well-trained AAD using a within-subject, repeated-measures design. Notably, this study is the first to assess change in a biomarker for chronic stress in both autistic children and their parents. Final analyses included pre-/post-AAD data from 11 triads (parent/handler-dog-child) demonstrating significantly positive psychosocial and biobehavioral effects of AADs.
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Duenas KR, Ingram M, Crocker RM, Pace TWW, de Zapien JG, Torres E, Carvajal SC. La vida en la frontera: protocol for a prospective study exploring stress and health resiliencies among Mexican-origin individuals living in a US-Mexico border community. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2442. [PMID: 36575410 PMCID: PMC9794409 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican-origin adults living near the U.S.-Mexico border experience unique and pervasive social and ecological stressors, including poverty, perceived discrimination, and environmental hazards, potentially contributing to the high burden of chronic disease. However, there is also evidence that residents in high-density Mexican-origin neighborhoods exhibit lower prevalence rates of disease and related mortality than those living in other areas. Understanding the factors that contribute to health resiliencies at the community scale is essential to informing the effective design of health promotion strategies. METHODS La Vida en la Frontera is a mixed-methods participatory study linking a multi-disciplinary University of Arizona research team with Campesinos Sin Fronteras, a community-based organization founded by community health workers in San Luis, Arizona. This paper describes the current protocol for aims 2 and 3 of this multi-faceted investigation. In aim 2 a cohort of N≈300 will be recruited using door-to-door sampling of neighborhoods in San Luis and Somerton, AZ. Participants will be surveyed and undergo biomarker assessments for indicators of health and chronic stress at three time points across a year length. A subset of this cohort will be invited to participate in aim 3 where they will be interviewed to further understand mechanisms of resilience and wellbeing. DISCUSSION This study examines objective and subjective mechanisms of the relationship between stress and health in an ecologically diverse rural community over an extended timeframe and illuminates health disparities affecting residents of this medically underserved community. Findings from this investigation directly impact the participants and community through deepening our understanding of the linkages between individual and community level stress and chronic disease risk. This innovative study utilizes a comprehensive methodology to investigate pathways of stress and chronic disease risk present at individual and community levels. We address multiple public health issues including chronic disease and mental illness risk, health related disparities among Mexican-origin people, and health protective mechanisms and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina R. Duenas
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Maia Ingram
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Rebecca M. Crocker
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XHealth Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Thaddeus W. W. Pace
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XCollege of Nursing, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jill Guernsey de Zapien
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | | | - Scott C. Carvajal
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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Karabatsiakis A, de Punder K, Salinas-Manrique J, Todt M, Dietrich DE. Hair cortisol level might be indicative for a 3PM approach towards suicide risk assessment in depression: comparative analysis of mentally stable and depressed individuals versus individuals after completing suicide. EPMA J 2022; 13:383-395. [PMID: 36061827 PMCID: PMC9425778 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression and suicidal behavior are interrelated, stress-associated mental health conditions, each lacking biological verifiability. Concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM) are almost completely missing for both conditions but are of utmost importance. Prior research reported altered levels of the stress hormone cortisol in the scalp hair of depressed individuals, however, data on hair cortisol levels (HCL) for suicide completers (SC) are missing. Here, we aimed to identify differences in HCL between subject with depression (n = 20), SC (n = 45) and mentally stable control subjects (n = 12) to establish the usage of HCL as a new target for 3PM. HCL was measured in extracts of pulverized hair (1-cm and 3-cm hair segments) using ELISA. In 3-cm hair segments, an average increase in HCL for depressed patients (1.66 times higher; p = .011) and SC (5.46 times higher; p = 1.65 × 10−5) compared to that for controls was observed. Furthermore, the average HCL in SC was significantly increased compared to that in the depressed group (3.28 times higher; p = 1.4 × 10−5). A significant correlation between HCL in the 1-cm and the 3-cm hair segments, as well as a significant association between the severity of depressive symptoms and HCL (3-cm segment) was found. To conclude, findings of increased HCL in subjects with depression compared to that in controls were replicated and an additional increase in HCL was seen in SC in comparison to patients with depression. The usage of HCL for creating effective patient stratification and predictive approach followed by the targeted prevention and personalization of medical services needs to be validated in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Karabatsiakis
- Department of Clinical Psychology II, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin de Punder
- Department of Clinical Psychology II, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Melanie Todt
- Institutes for Forensic Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef E. Dietrich
- AMEOS Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hildesheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Edwards MJ, Stanley CR, Hosie CA, Richdon S, Price E, Wormell D, Smith TE. Social roles influence cortisol levels in captive Livingstone's fruit bats (Pteropus livingstonii). Horm Behav 2022; 144:105228. [PMID: 35772196 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A critical component of conserving and housing species ex situ is an explicit scientific understanding of the physiological underpinnings of their welfare. Cortisol has been repeatedly linked to stress, and therefore used as an indicator of welfare for many species. In order to measure cortisol in the Livingstone's fruit bat (Pteropus livingstonii; a critically endangered keystone species) without disturbing the captive population, we have developed and validated a non-invasive, novel hormone extraction procedure and faecal glucocorticoid assay. A total of 92 faecal samples, 73 from the P. livingstonii breeding colony at Jersey Zoo, Channel Islands and 19 samples from P. livingstonii housed at Bristol Zoological Gardens, UK, have been collected and analyzed. Mixed-effect modelling of the influence of physiological state variables on cortisol concentration revealed that lactating females had higher cortisol levels than non-lactating females, indicating that our assay is measuring biologically relevant hormone concentrations. Males and older bats also had higher cortisol than non-lactating females and younger individuals. Further analysis applied social network methodology to compare the cortisol levels of bats with different social roles. We found that individuals that linked social groups possessed higher than average cortisol levels and conversely, individuals with high-quality, positive relationships had lower cortisol levels. These results demonstrate, for the first time in a bat species, social mediation of stress hormones. Lastly, the frequency of vocalisation was found to positively correlate with cortisol concentration in males, suggesting that this behaviour may be used by animal management as a visual indicator of a bat's hormonal status. Hence, this research has provided unique insights and empirical scientific knowledge regarding the relationship between the physiology and social behaviour of P. livingstonii, therefore allowing for recommendations to be made to optimise bat welfare at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J Edwards
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
| | - Christina R Stanley
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
| | - Charlotte A Hosie
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
| | - Sarah Richdon
- Institute of Conservation Science & Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Clifton, Bristol BS8 3HA, UK.
| | - Eluned Price
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Trinity, Jersey JE3 6AP, UK.
| | - Dominic Wormell
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Trinity, Jersey JE3 6AP, UK.
| | - Tessa E Smith
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK.
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Restin T, Byland N, Voegel CD, La Marca-Ghaemmaghami P, Baumgartner MR, Bassler D, Kraemer T, Binz TM. Endocannabinoid and steroid analysis in infant and adult nails by LC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6201-6211. [PMID: 35781588 PMCID: PMC9314307 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A common method to quantify chronic stress is the analysis of stress markers in keratinized matrices such as hair or nail. In this study, we aimed to validate a sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the combined quantification of steroid hormones and endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the keratinized matrix nail. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the suitability of the nail matrix for the detection of these stress markers in a pilot study. An LC–MS/MS method was used for the simultaneous identification and quantification of four eCBs (2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA)) and five steroid hormones (cortisol, cortisone, androstenedione, progesterone, testosterone) in human nails using a surrogate analyte method for each analyte. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, response factor, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, robustness, and autosampler stability. Nail samples were extracted for 1 h with methanol following a clean-up with a fully automated supported liquid extraction (SLE). The influence of nail weight on the quantification was investigated by using 0.5–20 mg of nail sample. As a proof of concept, nail samples (N = 57) were analyzed from a cohort representing newborns (1 month old), children (between 1 and 10 years), and adults (up to 43 years). It could be shown that the established workflow using a 1 hour extraction and clean-up by SLE was very robust and resulted in a short sample preparation time. The LC–MS/MS method was successfully validated. Matrix effects with ion enhancement occurred mainly for 2-AG. Sample weights below 5 mg showed variations in quantification for some analytes. Certain analytes such as PEA and progesterone could be accurately quantified at a sample weight lower than 5 mg. This is the first study where steroids and eCBs could be simultaneously detected and quantified in infant and adult nails. These results show that nails may serve as an alternative keratinized matrix (compared to hair) for the retrospective monitoring of cumulative eCB and steroid hormone levels. The combined assessment of eCBs and steroids from nails could provide a new approach to gain new insights into stress exposure in newborns and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Restin
- Newborn Research Zurich, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nastassja Byland
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa D Voegel
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pearl La Marca-Ghaemmaghami
- Psychology Counselling and Research Institute for Sexuality, Marriage and the Family, International Academy for Human Sciences and Culture, Walenstadt, Switzerland
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Bassler
- Newborn Research Zurich, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina M Binz
- Center for Forensic Hair Analytics, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Ataallahi M, Nejad JG, Park KH. Selection of appropriate biomatrices for studies of chronic stress in animals: a review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:621-639. [PMID: 35969712 PMCID: PMC9353350 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol and corticosterone, hormones traditionally considered biomarkers of
stress, can be measured in fluid biomatrices (e.g., blood, saliva) from live
animals to evaluate conditions at sampling time, or in solid biomatrices (e.g.,
hair, feather) from live or dead animals to obtain information regarding
long-term changes. Using these biomarkers to evaluate physiological stress
responses in domestic animals may be challenging due to the diverse
characteristics of biomatrices for potential measurement. Ideally, a single
measurement from the biomatrix should be sufficient for evaluating chronic
stress. The availability of appropriate and cost-effective immunoassay methods
for detecting the biomarkers should also be considered. This review discusses
the strengths and limitations of different biomatrices with regard to ensuring
the highest possible reliability for chronic stress evaluation. Overall, solid
biomatrices require less frequent sampling than other biomatrices, resulting in
greater time- and cost-effectiveness, greater ease of use, and fewer errors. The
multiplex immunoassay can be used to analyze interactions and correlations
between cortisol and other stress biomarkers in the same biomatrix. In light of
the lack of information regarding appropriate biomatrices for measuring chronic
stress, this review may help investigators set experimental conditions or design
biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ataallahi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Refsgaard E, Schmedes AV, Martiny K. Salivary Cortisol Awakening Response as a Predictor for Depression Severity in Adult Patients with a Major Depressive Episode Performing a Daily Exercise Program. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 81:246-256. [PMID: 35016170 DOI: 10.1159/000521234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in depression has been the subject of considerable interest, and its function has been tested with a variety of methods. We investigated associations between saliva cortisol at awakening and the 24-h urine cortisol output, both measured at study baseline, with endpoint depression scores. METHODS Patients were admitted to a psychiatric inpatient ward with a major depressive episode and were started on fixed duloxetine treatment. They delivered saliva samples at awakening and 15, 30, and 60 min post-awakening and sampled urine for 24 h. Subsequently, they started a daily exercise program maintained for a 9-week period. Clinician-rated depression severity was blindly assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating 6-item subscale (HAM-D6). The cortisol awakening response was quantified by the area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCG) and with respect to the rise (AUCI) using saliva cortisol levels in the 1-h period after awakening. Analysis of expected associations between depression severity, AUCG, AUCI, exercise, and 24-h cortisol output was performed in a general linear model. RESULTS In all, 35 participants delivered saliva or 24-h urine samples. The mean age was 49.0 years (SD = 11.0) with 48.6% females with a mean baseline HAM-D6 score of 12.2 (SD = 2.3). In a statistical model investigating the association between HAM-D6 at week 9 as a dependent variable and AUCI, concurrent HAM-D6, gender, smoking, and exercise volume as covariates, we found a significant effect of AUCI, concurrent HAM-D6, and exercise. The following statistics were found: AUCI (regression coefficient 0.008; F value = 9.1; p = 0.007), concurrent HAM-D6 (regression coefficient 0.70; F value = 8.0; p = 0.01), and exercise (regression coefficient -0.005; F value = 5.7; p = 0.03). The model had an R2 of 0.43. The association between HAM-D6 endpoint scores and the AUCI showed that higher AUCI values predicted higher HAM-D6 endpoint values. The association between HAM-D6 endpoint scores and the exercise level showed that a high exercise level was associated with lower HAM-D6 endpoint values. CONCLUSION The results thus showed that high AUCI values predicted less improvement of depression and high exercise levels predicted more improvement of depression. These findings need to be confirmed in larger samples to test if more covariates can improve prediction of depression severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Refsgaard
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Mental Health Centre North Zealand, Hillerod, Denmark
| | | | - Klaus Martiny
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mazgelytė E, Burokienė N, Vysocka A, Narkevičius M, Petrėnas T, Kaminskas A, Songailienė J, Utkus A, Karčiauskaitė D. Higher Levels of Stress-Related Hair Steroid Hormones Are Associated with the Increased SCORE2 Risk Prediction Algorithm in Apparently Healthy Women. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9030070. [PMID: 35323618 PMCID: PMC8955541 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of death worldwide. Although the importance of conventional CVD risk factors, including older age, male gender, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, is well-studied, psychosocial stress, which is considered an independent CVD risk factor, requires further investigation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between long-term secretion of stress-related steroid hormones, including cortisol, cortisone and dehydroepiandrosterone, and the 10-year fatal and non-fatal CVD risk estimated by the SCORE2 risk prediction algorithm, as well as traditional CVD risk factors in a group of apparently healthy women. A total of 145 women (aged 50–64 years) participating in the national CVD prevention program were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, health-related characteristics, stress, anxiety and sleep quality indicators were evaluated using specific questionnaires. Anthropometric and arterial blood pressure measures were assessed by trained personnel, lipid and glucose metabolism biomarkers were measured using routine methods, and hair steroid hormone levels were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that higher levels of hair cortisol and cortisone are associated with increased SCORE2 values. Moreover, significant associations between hair glucocorticoids and individual cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, were found. These findings indicate that stress-related hair steroid hormones might be valuable biomarkers for CVD prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Mazgelytė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Neringa Burokienė
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (N.B.); (A.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Agata Vysocka
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (N.B.); (A.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Martynas Narkevičius
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (N.B.); (A.V.); (M.N.)
| | - Tomas Petrėnas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Andrius Kaminskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Jurgita Songailienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (T.P.); (A.K.); (J.S.); (A.U.)
| | - Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio st. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Jaramillo Ortiz S, Howsam M, van Aken EH, Delanghe JR, Boulanger E, Tessier FJ. Biomarkers of disease in human nails: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:125-141. [PMID: 34726550 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1991882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic, monitoring, response, predictive, risk, and prognostic biomarkers of disease are all widely studied, for the most part in biological fluids or tissues, but there is steadily growing interest in alternative matrices such as nails. Here we comprehensively review studies dealing with molecular or elemental biomarkers of disease, as opposed to semiological, pharmacological, toxicological, or biomonitoring studies. Nails have a long history of use in medicine as indicators of pathological processes and have also been used extensively as a matrix for monitoring exposure to environmental pollution. Nail clippings are simple to collect noninvasively as well as to transport and store, and the matrix itself is relatively stable. Nails incorporate, and are influenced by, circulating molecules and elements over their several months of growth, and it is widely held that markers of biological processes will remain in the nail, even when their levels in blood have declined. Nails thus offer the possibility to not only look back into a subject's metabolic history but also to study biomarkers of processes that operate over a longer time scale such as the post-translational modification of proteins. Reports on ungual biomarkers of metabolic and endocrine diseases, cancer, and psychological and neurological disorders will be presented, and an overview of the sampling and analytical techniques provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahi Jaramillo Ortiz
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | - Michael Howsam
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | | | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Boulanger
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric J Tessier
- University Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1167 - RID-AGE, Lille, France
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Chiodini I, Gennari L. Grand Challenge in Adrenal Endocrinology: Is the Legacy of the Past a Challenge for the Future of Precision Medicine? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:747006. [PMID: 34539585 PMCID: PMC8446680 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.747006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Chiodini
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Hepatitis B virus DNA in the fingernails and hair of children with acute hepatitis B. J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:82-86. [PMID: 34412982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA is detectable in the nails and hair of patients with chronic HBV infection. However, it remains unclear whether HBV DNA can be detectable in the nails and hair of patients with acute HBV infection. We encountered two cases of children with acute HBV infection. HBV DNA in the nails and hair from the two children was evaluated by real-time PCR. To clarify the characteristics of HBV DNA, full-length HBV genome sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed. The levels of serum HBV DNA in children of cases 1 and 2 at day 0 were 7.6 Log IU/mL and 7.4 Log IU/mL, respectively. Nail HBV DNA was detected in both children (case 1: 4.6 Log IU/mL at day 0, case 2: 5.5 Log IU/mL at day 14). Moreover, hair HBV DNA was detectable in case 2 (4.0 Log IU/mL at day 14). Serum HBV DNA became undetectable within approximately 3-4 months after the first hospital visit. After the resolution of HBV viremia, nail and hair HBV DNA became undetectable. The sequence analysis of serum, nail and hair HBV DNA showed the same HBV genotype in each case (case1: genotype C, case 2: genotype A). In case 1, 3 nucleotides were different in the full-genome HBV sequence between the serum and nails. In case 2, the full-genome HBV sequences were identical among the serum, nails and hair. In conclusion, HBV DNA was detectable in nails and hair of children with acute HBV infection.
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